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Finding ro:

Step 1:
Create the schematic that is shown below in figure 1.

Figure 1: Schematic used to find ro and λ


Step 2:
Use Vgs=1V, freq=10k, amplitude=2m, magnitude=1, Vds must be great enough for device in sat.
Step 3:
𝜕𝑉𝐷𝑆
Since ro = 𝜕𝐼𝐷
, set up a transient as previously done in prior sections and plot the drain current
and voltage from drain to source.
Step 4:
Run the simulation and once both the plots are obtained go to tools>calculator and set up the
following expression shown in figure 2.

Figure 2: Calculator showing proper expression for ro


Once you have set up the expression correctly, click on the plot button above Eval on the
calculator. Use a marker and if the value comes out reasonable for the ro of a device in saturation
then capture screenshot and include the figure clearly labeled in your report.
**Another way of finding ro is plotting the I-V curve and taking 1/(derivative of I-V curve) and
use a voltage that maintains the device in saturation.**
Finding λ:
To find λ, plot the I-V curve and find the slope in the saturation region in order to find the early
voltage by using y=mx+b. Once the early voltage is found, take the inverse to find λ.
1
Since 𝜆 = 𝑉
𝐴

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