Generic Name

Generic name Classification Indication Action Special precaution Contraindication Side Effects Dosage and Nursing
Availability Responsibilities
LACTULOSE Laxative Treatment of Increases water -Use cautiously in: Patients on low- Cramps, Constipation: General Info:
(Cholac, (hyperosmotic chronic content and Diabetes Mellitus; galactose diets. distention, PO (Adults): 30- Assess patient for
Chronulac, ) constipation in softens the Pregnancy, flatulence, 45 ml 3-4 abdominal
Constilac, adults and in the stool; Lowers lactation, or belching, diarrhea, tomes/day. distention,
Constulose, elderly; adjunct the pH of the children (safety hyperglycemia Rect (Adults): presence of bowel
Duphalac, in the colon which not established); (diabetic patients). 300 ml diluted sounds, and
Enulose, management of inhibits the Excessive or and administered normal pattern of
Generlax, hepatic diffusion of prolonged use as retention bowel function.
{Lactulax}, encephalopathy. ammonia from (may lead to enema q 4-6 hr. Assess color,
Lactulose PSE, the colon into dependence). consistency, and
Portalac the blood, Availability amount of stool
thereby Syrup:10 g produced.
reducing blood lactose/15ml.
ammonia levels. Hepatic
Encephalopathy:
Assess mental
status (orientation,
level of
consciousness)
prior to and
periodically
throughout course
of therapy.
MANNITOL Diuretic Adjunct in the Increases the -Use cautiously in: Hypersensitivity, Headache, IV (Adults): General Info:
(Osmitrol, (osmotic) treatment of osmotic Pregnancy and Anuria, confusion, blurred Edema, oliguric Monitor vital
Resectisol) acute oliguric pressure of the lactation (safety Dehydration, vision, rhinitis, renal failure— signs, urine output,
renal failure; glomerular not established). Active transient volume 50-100 g as a 5- CVP, and
Adjunctin the filtrate, thereby Intracranial expansion, 25% solution; pulmonary artery
treatment of inhibiting Bleeding. tachycardia, chest may precede with pressure (PAP)
edema; reabsorption of pain, congestive a test dose of 0.2 prior to and an
Reduction of water and heart failure, g/kg over 4-5 hourly throughout
intracranial or electrolytes; pulmonary edema, min. Reduction of administration.
intraocular causes excretion thirst, nausea, intracranial/intra Assess patient for
pressure; To of: Water, vomiting, renal ocular pressure— signs and
promote the Sodium, failure, urinary 0.25 g/kg as 15- symptoms of
excretion of Potassium, retention, 25% solution over dehydration
certain toxic Chloride, hyponatremia, 30-60 min (500 (decreased skin
substances. Calcium, hypernatremia, mg/ kg may be turgor, fever, dry
Phosphorus, hypokalemia, sufficient in small skin and mucous
Used as an Magnesium, hyperkalemia, or debilitated membranes, thirst)
irrigant during Urea, Uric dehydration, patients. Diuresis or signs of fluid
transurethral Acid. phlebitis at IV site. in drug overload
procedures (2.5- intoxications— (increased CVP,
5% solution 50-200 g as a 5- dyspnea,
only). 25% solution rales/crackles,
titrated to edema). Assess
maintain urine patient for
flow of 100-500 anorexia, muscle
ml/hr. weakness,
numbness tingling,
parethesia,
confusion, and
excessive thirst.
MANNITOL Diuretic IV: Adjunct in Increases the -Use cautiously in: Hypersensitivity, Headache, IV (Children): General Info:
(Osmitrol, (osmotic) the treatment of osmotic Pregnancy and Anuria, confusion, blurred Edema, oliguric Monitor vital
Resectisol) acute oliguric pressure of the lactation (safety Dehydration, vision, rhinitis, renal failure— signs, urine output,
renal failure; glomerular not established). Active transient volume 0.25-2 g/kg (60 CVP, and
Adjunctin the filtrate, thereby Intracranial expansion, g/m²)vas a 15- pulmonary artery
treatment of inhibiting Bleeding. tachycardia, chest 20% solution over pressure (PAP)
edema; reabsorption of pain, congestive 2-6 hr; may prior to and an
Reduction of water and heart failure, precede with a hourly throughout
intracranial or electrolytes; pulmonary edema, test dose of 0.2 administration.
intraocular causes excretion thirst, nausea, g/kg over 3-5 Assess patient for
pressure; To of: Water, vomiting, renal min. Reduction of signs and
promote the Sodium, failure, urinary intracranial/intra symptoms of
excretion of Potassium, retention, ocular pressure – dehydration
certain toxic Chloride, hyponatremia, 1-2 g/kg (30-60 (decreased skin
substances. Calcium, hypernatremia, g/m²) as a 15- turgor, fever, dry
GU irrigant: Phosphorus, hypokalemia, 20% solution over skin and mucous
Used as an Magnesium, hyperkalemia, 30-60 min (500 membranes, thirst)
irrigant during Urea, Uric dehydration, mg/kg may be or signs of fluid
transurethral Acid. phlebitis at IV site. sufficient in small overload
procedures (2.5- or debilitated (increased CVP,
5% solution patients). dyspnea,
only). Diuresis in drug rales/crackles,
intoxications—up edema). Assess
to 2 g/kg (60 patient for
g/m²) as a 5-10% anorexia, muscle
solution. weakness,
numbness tingling,
parethesia,
confusion, and
excessive thirst.
DOPAMINE Vasopressor, Adjunct to Small doses -Use cautiously in Tachyarrhtymias; Headache, IV (Adults): Monitor blood
(Intropin, Inotropic standard (0.5-2 occlusive vascular Pheochromocyto mydriasis (high Dopaminergic(ren pressure, heart
{Revimine}) agent measures to mcg/kg/min) diseases; ma ; dose), dyspnea, al vasodilation rate, ECG,
improve: Blood stimulate Pregnancy, Hypersensitivity arrhythmias, effects—0.5 3 pulmonary
pressure, dopaminergic lactation, and to bisulfites hypotension, mvg/kg/min. capillary wedge
Cardiac output, receptors, children (safety (some products). palpitations, Beta1-adrenergic pressure (PCWP),
Urine output in producing renal not established). angina, ECG (cardiac cardiac output,
treatment of vasolidation; change, stimulation) central venous
shock Larger doses (2- vasoconstriction, effects—2-10 pressure (CVP),
unresponsive to 10 mcg/kg/min) nausea, vomiting, mcg/kg/min. and urinary output
fluid stimulate piloerection, continuously
replacement. dopaminergic irritation at IV site. during the
and beta1- administration.
adrenergic Monitor urine
receptors, output frequently
producing throughout
cardiac administration.
stimulation and Palpate peripheral
renal pulses and assess
vasodilation; appearance of
Doses greater extremities
than 10 routinely during
mcg/kg/min throughout
stimulate alpha- dopamine
adrenergic administration.
receptors. If hypotension
occurs,
administration rate
should be
increased.
EPINEPHRINE Antihistamine Treatment of Stimulates _Use cautiously in Hypersensitivity Flushing, Adult: 0.1-0.5 ml In patients with
(Adrenalin, bronchospasms, alpha-beta1 and patients with long to epinephrine or Hypertension, of 1:1,100 Parkenson disease,
Epifren [DSC], anaphylactic beta2 adrenergic standing bronchial any component to pallor, chest pain, solution IM or drug increases
EpiPen, EpiPen reactions, receptors asthma or the formulation; increased subcutaneous rigidity and tremor
Jr, Primatene cardiac arrest, resulting in emphysema who cardiac myocardial oxygen 0.1-0.25 ml of -drug interferes
Mist [OTC]) management of relaxation of have developed arryhtmias; angle consumption, 1:000 solution IV with test for
open-angle smooth muscle degenerative heart closure glaucoma cardiac slowly over 5-10 urinary
(chronic simple) of the bronchial disease. arrhythmia, min. cathecolamines
glaucoma; tree, cardiac angina, -Observe patient
added to local stimulation, and vasoconstriction, closely for adverse
anesthetics to dilation skeletal nervousness, reaction
decrease muscle anxiety,
systemic vasculature; restlessness,
adsorption, small doses can headache,
increase cause dizziness,
duration of vasodilation lightheadedness,
action, and viabeta2- insomnia, nausea,
decrease vascular vomiting,
toxicity of the receptors; large xerostomia, dry
local anesthetic doses may throat, Acute
produce urinary retention in
constriction of patients with
skeletal and bladder outflow
vascular smooth obstruction
muscle; weakness,
decrease trembling, eye
production of painn, allergic lid
aqueous reaction, ocular
outflow; dilates irritation.
the puil my
contracting the
dilator muscle.
FUROSEMIDE Diuretics Management of Inhibits the
{Apo- (loop), Edema reabsorption of
Furosemide}, Antihypertens secondary to sodium and
{Furoside}, ives congestive heart chloride from
Lasix, {Lasix failure; Hepatic the loop of
Special}, or renal disease; Henle and
{Myrosemide}, Used alone or in distal renal
{Novosemide}, combination tubule;
{Uritol} eith Increases renal
antihypertensiv excretion of
es in the water, sodium,
treatment of chloride,
hypertension magnesium,
(bumetanide hydrogen, and
and torsemide calcium; May
are unlabeled have renal and
for this use). peripheral
vasodilatory
effects;
Effectiveness
persist in
impaired renal
function.
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