G-16

HIDALGO, Phoebe Beatrice B.

Motion is the process of something moving or changing place, or even just

changing position.

There are a lot of factors involved every time something moves. There are fewer
factors involved if an object moves at the same speed in a straight line.
However, most movement involves changing the speed of the movement and
changing directions. Here is a list of terms that go hand in hand with learning
about motion:

Speed is how long it takes for an object to travel a certain distance. Its formula is
distance divided by time, or d/t. A car's speed is often measured in how many
miles it can travel in an hour. So the distance is miles and the time is hours
(distance/time = Miles/Hour, or Miles per Hour, or mph).

Velocity and speed are very close and often mixed up. They both measure d/t.
Velocity adds an extra step; it measures distance over time or speed in a given
direction. So a car's speed could be 55 mph, but its velocity would be 55 mph in
a northward direction.
Acceleration is when any part of an object's velocity changes. If the object
speeds up or travels over a given distance in a shorter amount of time, then
there is acceleration. There can also be acceleration if an object changes
direction. So even if the car continues to travel at the speed of 55 mph but turns
and heads in an eastward direction, it is still accelerating.
Force is any type of a push or pull. In order for an object to accelerate, it needs
to have a force acted upon it. In other words, in order for an object to change
speed or direction, it needs to be pushed or pulled.
Mass is the amount of matter that something is. It is usually measured in grams.
Newton's Laws of Motion:

Sir Isaac Newton is the scientist whose ideas and laws have led to modern day
physics and the study of motion. Newton lived from 1643-1727. He was knighted
for his ideas about motion, gravity, and more. During his studies he came up with
three laws of motion.
Newton's First Law of Motion is that an object will stay at rest or remain in uniform
motion (constant velocity) unless acted upon by a force. Inertia is an object's
resistance to move; therefore this law is often referred to as the law of inertia.

Basically, this explains that if an object is traveling at a constant speed in the

same direction, it will continue to move at the same speed in the same direction
unless it is pushed or pulled by something. This law is easier to think about if you
pretend gravity does not exist. Picture rolling a marble in a gravity-free
environment - the marble will continue to roll unless something either pushes it or
pulls it and either slows it down, speeds it up, or changes its direction of travel.
(https://www.britannica.com/science/Newtons-laws-of-motion)
The general study of the relationships between motion, forces, and energy is
called mechanics. It is a large field and its study is essential to the understanding
of physics, which is why these chapters appear first. Mechanics can be divided
into sub-disciplines by combining and recombining its different aspects. Some of
these are given special names.

Motion is the action of changing location or position. The study of motion

without regard to the forces or energies that may be involved is called
kinematics. It is the simplest branch of mechanics. The branch of mechanics
that deals with both motion and forces together is called dynamics and the
study of forces in the absence of changes in motion or energy is called statics.

The term energy refers an abstract physical quantity that is not easily perceived
by humans. It can exist in many forms simultaneously and only acquires meaning
through calculation. Informally, a system possesses energy if it has the ability to
do work. The energy of motion is called kinetic energy.

Whenever a system is affected by an outside agent, its total energy changes. In

general, a force is anything that causes a change (like a change in energy or
motion or shape). When a force causes a change in the energy of a system,
physicists say that work has been done. The mathematical statement that
relates forces to changes in energy is called the work-energy theorem.

When the total of all the different forms of energy is determined, we find that it
remains constant in systems that are isolated from their surroundings. This
statement is known as the law of conservation of energy and is one of the really
big concepts in all of physics, not just mechanics. The study of how energy
changes forms and location during physical processes is called energetics, but
the word is used more by scientists in fields outside of physics than inside.
Types of Motion:
Translational motion

Motion that results in a change of location is said to be translational. This

category may seem ridiculous at first as motion implies a change in location, but
an object can be moving and yet not go anywhere.
Oscillatory motion

Motion that is repetitive and fluctuates between two locations is said to be

oscillatory. In the previous example of going from home to work to home to work
I am moving, but in the end I haven't gone anywhere.
Rotational motion

Motion that occurs when an object spins is said to be rotational. The earth is in a
constant state of motion, but where does that motion take it? Every twenty-four
hours it makes one complete rotation about its axis.

(https://physics.info/motion/)