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There are a lot of factors involved every time something moves. There are fewer
factors involved if an object moves at the same speed in a straight line.
However, most movement involves changing the speed of the movement and
changing directions. Here is a list of terms that go hand in hand with learning
about motion:
Speed is how long it takes for an object to travel a certain distance. Its formula is
distance divided by time, or d/t. A car's speed is often measured in how many
miles it can travel in an hour. So the distance is miles and the time is hours
(distance/time = Miles/Hour, or Miles per Hour, or mph).
Velocity and speed are very close and often mixed up. They both measure d/t.
Velocity adds an extra step; it measures distance over time or speed in a given
direction. So a car's speed could be 55 mph, but its velocity would be 55 mph in
a northward direction.
Acceleration is when any part of an object's velocity changes. If the object
speeds up or travels over a given distance in a shorter amount of time, then
there is acceleration. There can also be acceleration if an object changes
direction. So even if the car continues to travel at the speed of 55 mph but turns
and heads in an eastward direction, it is still accelerating.
Force is any type of a push or pull. In order for an object to accelerate, it needs
to have a force acted upon it. In other words, in order for an object to change
speed or direction, it needs to be pushed or pulled.
Mass is the amount of matter that something is. It is usually measured in grams.
Newton's Laws of Motion:
Sir Isaac Newton is the scientist whose ideas and laws have led to modern day
physics and the study of motion. Newton lived from 1643-1727. He was knighted
for his ideas about motion, gravity, and more. During his studies he came up with
three laws of motion.
Newton's First Law of Motion is that an object will stay at rest or remain in uniform
motion (constant velocity) unless acted upon by a force. Inertia is an object's
resistance to move; therefore this law is often referred to as the law of inertia.
The term energy refers an abstract physical quantity that is not easily perceived
by humans. It can exist in many forms simultaneously and only acquires meaning
through calculation. Informally, a system possesses energy if it has the ability to
do work. The energy of motion is called kinetic energy.
When the total of all the different forms of energy is determined, we find that it
remains constant in systems that are isolated from their surroundings. This
statement is known as the law of conservation of energy and is one of the really
big concepts in all of physics, not just mechanics. The study of how energy
changes forms and location during physical processes is called energetics, but
the word is used more by scientists in fields outside of physics than inside.
Types of Motion:
Translational motion
Motion that occurs when an object spins is said to be rotational. The earth is in a
constant state of motion, but where does that motion take it? Every twenty-four
hours it makes one complete rotation about its axis.
(https://physics.info/motion/)