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Each item (each purchased car) has two attributes associated with it.
These two attributes are the categorical variables of purchaser’s gender
and color. The counts of the number of cars purchased for each unique
combination of gender and color are placed in a matrix called a
contingency table.
It's a
Contingency Table Easy-To-Follow
MBA Course in Business
A contingency table is a two-way cross-tabulation. Each row in the Statistics
contingency table is associated with one of the levels of one of the
categorical attributes (such as gender) and each column is associated
with one of the levels of the other categorical attribute (such as color).
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Null Hypothesis
A Null Hypothesis is created which states there is no significant
difference between the actual and expected counts of data for the
unique combinations of levels of the two factors.
Test Statistic
The Chi-Square Independence Test calculates a Test Statistic called a
Chi-Square Statistic, Χ2. The distribution of this Test Statistic can be
approximated by the Chi-Square distribution if several conditions are
met.
Required Assumptions
The distribution of this Test Statistic, Χ2, can be approximated by the
Chi-Square distribution with degrees of freedom equal to df = (r – 1)(c –
1) if the following three conditions are met:
What's In It?
1) The number of cells in the contingency table (r x c) is at least 5. A 2 x
2 contingency table is not large enough. One of the two attributes must For anyone who wants to be
have at least 3 levels. operating at a high level with the
Excel Solver quickly, this is the
2) The average value of all of the expected counts is at least 5. book for you. Step-By-Step
Optimization With Excel Solver is
3) All of the expected counts equal at least 1.
a 200+ page .pdf e-manual of
simple yet thorough explanations
on how to use the Excel Solver
Example of Chi-Square to solve today’s most widely
known optimization problems.
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• Portfolio optimization to
maximize return or minimize risk.
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the data are initially presented in the following fashion as they often
are: • How use Solver to minimize the
total cost of purchasing and
shipping goods from multiple
suppliers to multiple locations.
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Dragging the label Color down to the Column Labels box and to the Σ
Values box and then dragging the label Gender down to the Row Labels
box produces the completed Pivot Table as follows. This Pivot Table is
an exact match of the contingency table containing the actual values
for this data set.
It's a
Easy-To-Follow
MBA Course in Business
Statistics
Note that the Excel Pivot Table would be an exact match for the
contingency table with the actual counts that is shown again here.
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The expected counts are based upon the assumption that the row and
column attributed act independently of each other. The method of
calculated the expected numbers based upon this assumption is shown
below:
What's In It?
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• Portfolio optimization to
maximize return or minimize risk.
(Click Image To See Larger Version)
• Venture capital investment
This can be quickly implemented in a convenient table as follows:
selection using the Solver’s
Binary constraint to maximize
Net Present Value of selected
cash flows at year 0. Clever use
of the If-Then-Else statements
makes this a simple problem.
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Hypothesis
The Null Hypothesis is rejected if either of the two equivalent
conditions are shown to exist:
2) p Value < α
p Value = 0.0457
α = 0.05
It's a
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Statistics
Histograms in Excel
Creating a Histogram With the Histogram Data Analysis
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in Excel With Formulas and a Bar Chart
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Creating a Bar Chart in 7 Steps in Excel 2010 and Excel
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Combinations & Permutations in Excel
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No comments:
What's In It?
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• Portfolio optimization to
maximize return or minimize risk.
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It's a
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MBA Course in Business
Statistics
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What's In It?
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• Portfolio optimization to
maximize return or minimize risk.
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It's a
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MBA Course in Business
Statistics
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Statistical Master now
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Satisfied. In Other
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What's In It?
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• Portfolio optimization to
maximize return or minimize risk.
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It's a
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MBA Course in Business
Statistics
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Statistical Master now
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No-Questions-Asked,
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Money-Back Guarantee
If Not TOTALLY, 100%
Satisfied. In Other
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Master Series eManual
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• Portfolio optimization to
maximize return or minimize risk.
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It's a
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MBA Course in Business
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Statistical Master now
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What's In It?
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• Portfolio optimization to
maximize return or minimize risk.
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It's a
Easy-To-Follow
MBA Course in Business
Statistics
Download the
1,100+ Page Excel
Statistical Master now
Immediate, Absolute,
No-Questions-Asked,
Money-Back Guarantee
If Not TOTALLY, 100%
Satisfied. In Other
Words, If Any Excel
Master Series eManual
That You've Purchased
Here Does Not Provide
Instructions That Are
CRYSTAL CLEAR and
EASY TO
UNDERSTAND, You
Get All Of Your Money
Back Immediately and
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Guaranteed!
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What's In It?
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• Portfolio optimization to
maximize return or minimize risk.
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It's a
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MBA Course in Business
Statistics
Download the
1,100+ Page Excel
Statistical Master now
Immediate, Absolute,
No-Questions-Asked,
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Money-Back Guarantee
If Not TOTALLY, 100%
Satisfied. In Other
Words, If Any Excel
Master Series eManual
That You've Purchased
Here Does Not Provide
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CRYSTAL CLEAR and
EASY TO
UNDERSTAND, You
Get All Of Your Money
Back Immediately and
Keep the eManual.
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What's In It?
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• Portfolio optimization to
maximize return or minimize risk.
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Histograms in Excel
Creating a Histogram With the Histogram Data Analysis Tool in Excel
Creating an Automatically Updating Histogram in 7 Steps in Excel With Formulas and a Bar Chart
Bar Chart in Excel
Creating a Bar Chart in 7 Steps in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Combinations & Permutations in Excel
Combinations in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Permutations in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Normal Distribution in Excel
Overview of the Normal Distribution
Normal Distribution’s PDF (Probability Density Function) in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Normal Distribution’s CDF (Cumulative Distribution Function) in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Solving Normal Distribution Problems in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Overview of the Standard Normal Distribution in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
An Important Difference Between the t and Normal Distribution Graphs
The Empirical Rule and Chebyshev’s Theorem in Excel – Calculating How Much Data Is a Certain Distance
From the Mean
Demonstrating the Central Limit Theorem In Excel 2010 and Excel 2013 In An Easy-To-Understand Way
t-Distribution in Excel
Overview of the t- Distribution
Binomial Distribution in Excel
Overview of the Binomial Distribution in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Solving Problems With the Binomial Distribution in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Normal Approximation of the Binomial Distribution in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Distributions Related to the Binomial Distribution
z-Tests in Excel
Overview of Hypothesis Tests Using the Normal Distribution in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
One-Sample z-Test in 4 Steps in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
2-Sample Unpooled z-Test in 4 Steps in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Overview of the Paired (Two-Dependent-Sample) z-Test in 4 Steps in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
t-Tests in Excel
Overview of t-Tests: Hypothesis Tests that Use the t-Distribution
1-Sample t-Tests in Excel
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Confidence Interval of Population Proportion in 2 Steps in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Min Sample Size of Confidence Interval of Proportion in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Simple Linear Regression in Excel
Overview of Simple Linear Regression in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Complete Simple Linear Regression Example in 7 Steps in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Residual Evaluation For Simple Regression in 8 Steps in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Residual Normality Tests in Excel – Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, Anderson-Darling Test, and Shapiro-Wilk Test
For Simple Linear Regression
Evaluation of Simple Regression Output For Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
All Calculations Performed By the Simple Regression Data Analysis Tool in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Prediction Interval of Simple Regression in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Multiple Linear Regression in Excel
Basics of Multiple Regression in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Complete Multiple Linear Regression Example in 6 Steps in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Multiple Linear Regression’s Required Residual Assumptions
Normality Testing of Residuals in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Evaluating the Excel Output of Multiple Regression
Estimating the Prediction Interval of Multiple Regression in Excel
Regression - How To Do Conjoint Analysis Using Dummy Variable Regression in Excel
Logistic Regression in Excel
Logistic Regression Overview
Logistic Regression in 6 Steps in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
R Square For Logistic Regression Overview
Excel R Square Tests: Nagelkerke, Cox and Snell, and Log-Linear Ratio in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Likelihood Ratio Is Better Than Wald Statistic To Determine if the Variable Coefficients Are Significant For
Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Excel Classification Table: Logistic Regression’s Percentage Correct of Predicted Results in Excel 2010 and
Excel 2013
Hosmer- Lemeshow Test in Excel – Logistic Regression Goodness-of-Fit Test in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Single-Factor ANOVA in Excel
Overview of Single-Factor ANOVA
Single-Factor ANOVA in 5 Steps in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Shapiro-Wilk Normality Test in Excel For Each Single-Factor ANOVA Sample Group
Kruskal-Wallis Test Alternative For Single Factor ANOVA in 7 Steps in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Levene’s and Brown-Forsythe Tests in Excel For Single-Factor ANOVA Sample Group Variance Comparison
Single-Factor ANOVA - All Excel Calculations
Overview of Post-Hoc Testing For Single-Factor ANOVA
Tukey-Kramer Post-Hoc Test in Excel For Single-Factor ANOVA
Games-Howell Post-Hoc Test in Excel For Single-Factor ANOVA
Overview of Effect Size For Single-Factor ANOVA
ANOVA Effect Size Calculation Eta Squared in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
ANOVA Effect Size Calculation Psi – RMSSE – in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
ANOVA Effect Size Calculation Omega Squared in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Power of Single-Factor ANOVA Test Using Free Utility G*Power
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Brown-Forsythe F-Test in 4 Steps in Excel Substitute For Single-Factor ANOVA When Sample Variances Are
Not Similar
Two-Factor ANOVA With Replication in Excel
Two-Factor ANOVA With Replication in 5 Steps in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Variance Tests: Levene’s and Brown-Forsythe For 2-Factor ANOVA in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Shapiro-Wilk Normality Test in Excel For 2-Factor ANOVA With Replication
2-Factor ANOVA With Replication Effect Size in Excel 2010 and Excel 2013
Excel Post Hoc Tukey’s HSD Test For 2-Factor ANOVA With Replication
2-Factor ANOVA With Replication – Test Power With G-Power Utility
Scheirer-Ray-Hare Test Alternative For 2-Factor ANOVA With Replication
Two-Factor ANOVA Without Replication in Excel
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Randomized Block Design ANOVA in Excel
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