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PROJECT
TRANSFORMERS
2019-20
Jishnu Rajan
Althaf Younoos
Aravind Ravi
Xll - B
Kendriya Vidyalaya Kanjikode
Department of Physics
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Aravind Ravi, Althaf Younoos and
Jishnu Rajan, students of class XII-B have successfully
completed the research on the below mentioned project
under the guidance of Mr. Sivadas (Subject Teacher)
during the year 2019-20 in partial fulfillment of physics
practical examination conducted by AISSCE, New Delhi.
Es / Ep = Ns / Np ______________ (3)
Ip Ep = Is Es _______________ (4)
Therefore, from (3) and (4)
Ns / Np = Es / Ep = Ip / Is = K
Where, N is called Turn Ratio or Transformation Ratio
I. Step Up Transformer
Illustration
II. Step Down Transformer
Illustration
III. Efficiency
Efficiency of a transformer is defined as the ratio of output
power to the input power. i.e.
η = output power / input power = Es Is / Ep Ip
Thus in an ideal transformer, where there is no power losses, n=1
But in actual practice, there are many power losses; therefore
the efficiency of transformer is less than one.
IV. Energy Loses
2. Eddy Current: Energy loss in the form of heat in the iron core
of the transformer. This is due to formation of eddy currents
in iron core. It is minimized by taking laminated cores.
Iron Rod
Copper Wire
Voltmeter
Ammeter
Circuit Diagram :
Procedure
1. Take thick iron rod and cover it with a thick paper and
wind a large number of turns of thin Cu wire on thick paper
(say 60). This constitutes primary coil of the transformer.
2. Cover the primary coil with a sheet of paper and
wound relatively smaller number of turns (say 20) of
thick copper wire on it. This constitutes the secondary
coil. It is a step down transformer.
3. Connect primary to A.C main and measure the input
voltage and current using A.C voltmeter and ammeter
respectively.
4. Similarly, measure the output voltage and current
through secondary and record the observations.
5. Now connect secondary to the A.C main, which now
becomes a step up transformer, and again measure
voltage and current through primary and secondary coil.
6. Repeat the above steps by changing the number of
turns in primary and secondary coil.
Observation :
Turn Input Output Efficiency
Sl. Np NS Ratio Es / Ep Ip / Is η=
No. K= Voltage Current Power Voltage Current Power Poutput / Pinput
Ns/Np Ep Ip P=Ep Ip Es Is P=Es Is Es Is / Ep Ip
Result
The ratio Ns / Np is equal to the ratios Es / Ep and
Ip / I s
Turn Ratio, Ns / Np =
Efficiency =
Conclusion
Sources Of error
1. Values of current can be changed due to heating
effect.
2. Eddy current can change the readings.
Bibliography
5) https://www.electronicshub.org/step-down-
transformer/
THE
END