Professional Documents
Culture Documents
• Settlements by parties:
In this case settlements are arrived at by parties themselves
without the interference of a third party.
• Consent awards:
Here the agreements are negotiated by the parties on a
voluntary basis when disputes are subjudiced.
Later these are submitted to the labour courts.
• Direct negotiation:
In this agreements are arrived at by both the parties
after direct negation. The enforcement of these
agreements depends upon the goodwill and
cooperation of the parties.
On the basis of the level
• Plant level bargaining
• Industry level bargaining
• National level bargaining
• Plant level bargaining
• It is the micro level bargaining. It takes place in
the particular unit between the management and
the trade unions of that unit.
• A termination clause
Process of Collective Bargaining
• Negotiation procedure
• Follow up action
Preparation for negotiation
• First the union will submit their fresh contract to the management
before the expiry of existing contract (usually 30 to 60 days
before the expiry).
• During negotiations, normally the easier demands are taken up first. Both
parties should have a “bargaining cushion”, and make counter proposals.
Negotiating team
• Negotiating team should represent all groups including
production, finance and industrial relations experts. The team
should be headed by an appropriate person with adequate
authority to take decisions.
Recognition of unions
• The management should recognize the trade union and
analyze the facts in their representation of grievances. Mutual
understanding encourages mutual agreement.
Open mind
• Both the management and union should have open minds to
listen and appreciate each others point of view with flexibility
and adjustment.
‘Home Work’ on demands
• The union and management have to collect relevant data relating
wages, conditions of work, welfare schemes, cost of benefits.
Routine problems
• The management and unions have to identify the grievances on
routine basis and take appropriate action then and there.
Importance to output
• Trade unions should also give importance to output, quality of the
products, company’s image etc., in addition to their wages, bonus,
working conditions etc.