Literature Reviewer

DEAD STARS
13. “Go and meet the abogado and invite
DETERMINE THE CHARACTER him in our house”?
WHO SAID EACH LINE:  Policeman
14. “If he were engaged, he could not
1. “And when will be the long table be possibly love another woman”?
set?”  Esperanza
 Carmen 15. “Well - Americans are rather
2. “A last spurt of hot blood”? essential to my entertainment”?
 Don julian
3. “Why would men mismanage their  Alfredo Salazar
lives”? DASHBOARD:
 Alfredo Salazar
4. “Are weddings interesting to you”? • At the advent of American
 Alfredo Salazar colonialism, fiction became one
5. “You need not to think of me and of of the most well-read literary
what people will say”? genres.
 Julia Salas • Literature during those times
6. “Like a carabao in a mud pool”? were primarily used as (1)
 Julia Salas didactic tool for imparting
values and (apparatus for
7. “I suppose long engaged people are forming an image of great other
like that; warm now, cool tomorrow”? (the colonizer).
 Don Julian
8. I could study you all my life and still • It did not take very long,
not find it”? however, for Filipinos to master
 Alfredo Salazar fiction as a literary genre.
9. “Is this man sure of what he should • One of the fictionists considered
do”? to have set the foundations in
 Julia Salas the Philippine literary history is
10. “The only test I wish to apply to Paz-Benitez Marquez
conduct is the test of fairness”?
 Julia Salas Paz Marquez-Benitez
11. “The end of an impossible dream”? • Born in 1894 in Lucena, Quezon
 Alfredo Salazar
• Authored the first Filipino
12. “May is the month of happiness they
modern language short story,
say”?
 Julia Salas
 Literature Reviewer
Dead Stars, published in the
Philippine Herald in 1925.
LITERARY TECHNIQUES:
IRONY - is a contrast or incongruity
between expectations for a situation and
what is reality
- it can also be a difference between
what might be expected to happen
and what actually occurs
FLASH FORWARD - refers to the
technique of showing bits or glimpse of
what is to happen towards the end of the
story.
FLASHBACK - refers to the glimpse
provided about the past
- it often elucidates things that
happened in the narrative
FORESHADOWING - the writer gives an
advance hint of what is to come later in the
story
- it usually appears at the beginning
of the story
DEUS EX MACHINA - Literally means
“god out of the machines” in Greek
- an event or twist in the story which
is completely illogical and is simply
inserted to save the protagonist
from danger
IN MEDIA RES - means “in the middle of
things”
- this is shown when the story starts
in the middle of the action without
exposition
CHARACTER:
• Alfredo Salazar - son of Don
Julian, a more than 30 years old
bachelor. He is engaged to
Esperanza but still fleeting to
Julia Salas.
• Esperanza - wife of Alfredo
Salazar. She is a homely woman,
literal-minded, acquisitive and
has a gift of beauty.
• Julia Salas - sister-in-law of Judge
Del Valle. She is the other girl of
Alfredo Salazar.
• Don Julian - an old man, father
of Alfredo and Carmen.
• Carmen - sister of Alfredo
Salazar
• Judge Del Valle - brother-in-law
of Julia Salas
• Doña Adella - sister of Julia
Salas. She is small and plump, a
pretty woman with a complexion
of a baby and an expression of a
likeble cow.
• Calixta - note carrier of Alfredo
Salazar and Esperanza.
• Dionisio - the absent-minded
husband of Donna Adella
• Vicente - husband of Carmen
• Brigida Samuy - She is illusive
woman whose Alfredo is looking
for.
 Literature Reviewer
SETTINGS:
• Don Julian's house
• Judge Del Valle's house
• Don Julian's house in Tanda
where there are coconut
plantations and a beach
• Church of Our Lady of Sorrow
PLOT:
Exposition
• Don Julian and Carmen are
talking about the Alfredo and
Esperanza's upcoming wedding
and how much Alfredo was so in
love with Esperanza. Alfredo, on
the other hand, is reminiscing
the restlessness of his childhood
in his room.
Rising Action
• One day, Alfredo had gone
neighboring with Don Julian to
Judge Del Valle's house and there
he met Julia Salas. He was calling
her Mrs. Del Valle all the time
which led him to embarrasment.
Vising Judge Del Valle's house
became more often until Alfredo
developed his feelings towards
Julia inspite of his engagement to
Esperanza.
Climax
• Alfredo caught up with Julia
after the procession of the Lady
of Sorrows. It was when Julia
found out and congratulated
Alfredo's on upcoming wedding.
At this point, Alfredo pondered
on choosing between what he
wanted to do and what he has to
do.
Falling Action
• Julia did not want Alfredo to
honor his understanding with
Esperanza. She said goodbye and
walked away as they reached the
house. The final word has beed
said and Alfredo went home to
Esperanza.
Resolution
• Alfredo and Esperanza
eventually got married. It has
been eight years since Alfredo
met Julia. Alfredo was searching
for a lady named Brigida Samuy,
an important lady for his defense
in the court in Sta. Cruz, Julia's
hometown. He visited Julia's
house, who is still remains
unmarried. He realized that his
love for Julia is like a Dead Star.
It was non-existent.
Conflict
• Man vs. Man
• Man vs. Circumstances
Theme
• Forbidden love
 Literature Reviewer
MAGNIFICENCE
ELEMENTS OF THE STORY
SETTING:
• The story happened inside the
house of the two children.
CHARACTERS:
• Vicente - the bus conductor
• The Mother
• Oscar - the little boy
• The little girl
• The Father
CONFLICT:
• Man vs. Himself
POINT-OF-VIEW
• Third person omniscient
• is the vantage point from which
a story is told
OBJECTIVE POINT OF VIEW
• the writer does not state
opinions and does not favour any
sides of the story
FIRST PERSON POINT OF VIEW
• there is a narrator among the
characters
• the narrator plays like the eye of
the reader - what the narrator
observes the reader knows
SECOND PERSON POINT OF VIEW
• the reader is addressed directly
by the voice that narrates the
story
• this is utilized in hypertext
literature, in which a reader has
a control over the plot of story
THIRD PERSON POINT OF VIEW
• the narrator does not participate
in the action of the story as one
of the characters
OMNISCIENT POINT OF VIEW
• the all-knowing narrator knows
everything about all the
characters and their problems
LIMITED OMNISCIENT POINT OF
VIEW
• when the narrator knows
everything, including the
thoughts, of a particular
character or group of characters
only
PLOT:
Exposition
• A man named Vicente came to a
house and volunteered to tutor
the two children. The family
absolutely trusts him for he is
always gentle, so kind and there
was nothing to fear when he is
around.
 Literature Reviewer
Rising Action threw the clothes she had taken
off the girl in the kitchen range.
• One evening, Vicente came
The mother also asked the girl to
earlier than usual. The children
put the pencils fire by tomorrow.
immediately put their lesson
down, telling him of the envy of Theme
their schoolmates of the pencils
• Motherly love and protection
Vicente gave them. Then,
Vicente asked Oscar to get him
some glass of water.
Climax ELEMENTS OF DRAMA
• Vicente held the little girl by the - Setting
arm then let the girl take her full - Characters
trust. He took the little girl - Dialogue
lightly in his arms as he held her - Theme
in the armpits and put her in his - Symbols
lap. The girl keeps squirming - Conflict
and somehow felt
uncomfortable. The girl's writing
is interrupted by Vicente
twisting her around. Suddenly,
Vicente's face is wet with sweat
and his looking strange.
Falling Action
• The little girl jumped away from
Vicente's lap as the mother came
downstairs while holding the
merienda. The mother asked the
girl to go upstairs and
immediately confronted Vicente
and slapped her.
Resolution/Denouement
• The mother rushed, scrubbed,
soaped and bathed the girl. She
also changed her clothes and
Literature Reviewer