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MODUL INI HANYA UNTUK MEMBER SMART

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CHAPTER 3

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

1. Rumus
(+) S + is / am / are + V-ing (+ O + Adv.).
(-) S + is / am / are + not + V-ing (+ O + Adv.).
(?) Is / Am / Are + S + V-ing (+ O + Adv.)?  Yes, S + is, am, are.
No, S + is, am, are + not.
(-?) Is / Am / Are + S + not + V-ing (+ O + Adv.)?
Isn’t / Aren’t + S + V-ing (+ O + Adv.)?

2. Contoh Penerapan Rumus


Statement I am sleeping.
(+) You – We – They are sleeping.
He – She – It is sleeping.
Arti yang terkandung: saya sedang …

Negative I am not sleeping.


(-) You – We – They are not sleeping.
He – She – It is not sleeping.
Arti yang terkandung: saya tidak sedang …

Question Am I sleeping?
(?) Are You – We – They sleeping?
Is He – She – It sleeping?
Arti yang terkandung: Apakah kamu sedang …?

Contraction I + am = I’m sleeping.


pronoun + be You – We – They + am = You’re – We’re – They’re sleeping.
He – She – It + am = He’s – She’s – It’s sleeping.

Contraction is + not = isn’t  He isn’t sleeping.


be + not are + not = aren’t  They aren’t sleeping.
(am + not = am not  tidak bisa disingkat.  I am not sleeping.

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3. Question Word (QW)


Rumus : QW + Is/am/are + Subject + Ving ?
a. Where is Mary sleeping?  In bed. a. Where digunakan untuk menanyakan
(Mary is sleeping in bed) tempat.
b. What is Ted Watching?  A movie. b. What digunakan untuk menanyakan
(Ted is watching a movie) object berupa benda.
c. Why are you watching TV? Because I c. Why digunakan untuk menanyakan
like this program. alasan.
(I am watching TV because I like this
program)
d. Is Mary sleeping? Yes / No Question
Yes, She is. Rumus: Is/am/Are + Subject + Ving?
No, She is not. - Nanti kalau di dalam soal muncul
(Mary is sleeping) pertanyaan model Yes/No Question,
e. Are you watching TV? maka jawaban Yes/No sesuai dgn
Yes, I am. kalimat di dalam kurungnya ya.
No, I am not. - Contoh (d) dan (e) adalah jenis Yes/No
(I am watching TV) Question beserta jawabannya.

4. Fungsi Present Progressive


Contoh Penjelasan

(a) John is sleeping right now. (John sedang Present Progressive digunakan untuk
tidur sekarang) menyatakan perbuatan yang sedang
(b) I need an umbrella because it is raining. berlangsung pada saat ini.
(saya butuh sebuah payung karena sedang Makna sedang terjadi pada Present
hujan) Progressive terbagi menjadi dua:
(c) The students are sitting at their desks right - Short term activity  pada saat
now. (para siswa sedang duduk di bangku bicara, peristiwa itu sedang
mereka sekarang) berlangsung, seperti contoh a, b, c.

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(d) I am taking five courses this semester. - Long term activity  pada saat
(saya sedang mengambil lima mata kuliah bicara, peristiwa itu tidak harus
semester ini) terjadi pada saat itu juga, akan tetapi
(e) John is trying to improve his work habits. peristiwa itu dalam kerangka proses,
(John sedang mencoba meningkatkan seperti contoh d, e, f.
kebiasaan kerjanya)
(f) Susan is writing another book this year.
(Susan sedang menulis buku yang lain
tahun ini)
(g) Tom is always using my bike without - Pressent Progressive juga bisa
permission. (Tom selalu memakai digunakan untuk menyatakan
sepedaku tanpa izin) kejengkelan, ditandai dengan
kemasukan kata always. Lihat contoh
g.
(h) The rain is getting harder and harder. - Pressent Progressive juga bisa
(hujannya semakin lama semakin lebat) digunakan untuk menyatakan
kejadian yang berangsur-angsur
berubah. Lihat contoh h.

5. S + Is / Am / Are + Being + Certain Adjective


(a) Bob is being funny right now. (Bob Rumus ini (S + Is / Am / Are + Being +
tumben lucu sekarang.)  Biasanya Bob Certain Adjective) digunakan untuk
itu tidak lucu, tapi sekarang dia lucu. Nah, mengekspresikan makna temporary
sifat / karakter lucunya yang temporal characteristic (karakter temporal, makna
tersebut yang bisa menggunakan rumus ini. tumben). Lihat contoh (a) dan (b).
(b) Sue is being very quiet today. I wonder if
Syarat harus menggunakan Certain
anything is wrong. (Sue tumben sangat
Adjective ya, list certain adjective sudah
diam hari ini. Saya heran jika sesuatu hal
di list dibawah ini.
terjadi)  Biasanya Sue itu orangnya tidak

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pendiam, namun tumben sangat pendiam


pada hari ini saja. Dan pendiam itu bukan
karakternya dia.

List Certain Adjective


Bad (ill-behaved: buruk), careful (hati-hati), cruel (kejam), fair (adil), foolish (tolol),
funny (lucu), generous (dermawan), good (well-behaved: baik), illogical (tidak logis),
impolite (tidak sopan), irresponsible (tidak bertanggungjawab), kind (baik hati), lazy
(malas), logical (logis), loud (keras, bising), nice (baik), noisy (berisik), patient (sabar),
pleasant (nyaman), polite (sopan), quiet (diam), responsible (bertanggungjawab), rude
(kasar), serious (serius), silly (bodoh), unfair (tidak adil), unkind (tidak baik), unpleasant
(tidak nyaman).

6. Ejaan Bentuk -ing


Contoh Penjelasan

(a) Smile  smiling Kalau ada verb yang berakhiran e, maka e nya diganti
Hope  hoping langsung dengan ing.

(b) Help  helping Jika verb berakhiran dua huruf konsonan, maka hanya
Learn  learning menambahkan –ing.

(c) Rain  raining Jika verb berakhiran dua huruf vokal + satu huruf
Heat  heating konsonan, maka hanya menambahkan –ing.

Jika verb berakhiran satu huruf vokal + satu huruf


konsonan, gandakan konsonannya untuk membuat bentuk –
(d) Stop  stopping ing nya.
Plan  planning Pengecualian: Jangan gandakan akhiran “w” atau “x”: snow
 snowing, fix  fixing.

(e) Play  playing Jika verb berakhiran satu vokal + -y, Jangan merubah –y
Enjoy  enjoying menjadi –i.

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(f) Worry  worrying Jika verb berakhiran satu konsonan + -y, jangan merubah –
Study  studying y pada bentuk –ing nya.

(g) Die  dying Kalau ada verb berakhiran ie, maka ganti ie menjadi y,
Tie  tying kemudian tambahkan ing.

7. Stative Verbs (Non-progressive Verbs)


(a) Yum! This food tastes good. Beberapa verb dalam bahasa Inggris tidak bisa
I like it very much. menerima rumus Present Progressive. Artinya
(Yum! Makanan ini rasanya enak. Verb ini tidak boleh di bentuk menjadi Ving.
Saya sangat menyukainya) Verb ini mengandung makna kondisi atau
 kata taste (rasa) dan like (suka) situasi. Verb ini disebut dengan Stative Verbs
tidak bisa di Verb ing kan, karena (Non-progressive Verbs).
kedua verb tersebut mengandung
Jadi, kalimat bermakna sedang terjadi, namun
makna kondisi atau situasi.
verb nya tidak bisa menggunakan rumus Present
(b) Incorrect: This food is tasting good.
Progressive.
I am liking it very much.
 ini adalah contoh yang salah,
Solusinya, kalimat tersebut menggunakan
karena kata taste dan like dibuat
rumus Simple Present yang verbal. Lihat contoh
menjadi Verb ing.
(a).

List Stative Verb

(1) Mental State: know (mengetahui), realize (menyadari), understand (mengerti),


recognize (mengakui), believe (percaya), feel (merasa), suppose (mengira),
think(mengira), imagine (membayangkan), doubt (ragu), remember (mengingat),
forget (lupa), want (ingin), need (butuh), desire (menginginkan), mean (bermaksud).
(2) Emotional State: love (cinta), like (suka), appreciate (menghargai), please
(menyenangkan), prefer (lebih suka), hate (benci), dislike (tidak suka), fear (takut),

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envy (cemburu/iri), mind (keberatan), care (peduli), astonish (mengherankan), amaze


(mengagumkan), surprise (mengagetkan).
(3) Possession: posses (memiliki), have (mempunyai), own (memiliki), belong (memiliki).
(4) Sense Perception: taste (terasa), smell (baunya), hear (mendengar), feel (merasakan),
see (melihat).
(5) Other Existing States: seem (nampak), look (nampak), appear (Nampak), sound
(terdengar), resemble (mirip), look like (seperti), cost (harganya), owe (berhutang),
(bobotnya), equal (setara), be (sesuai konteks), exist (ada), matter ( berarti), consist of
(terdiri dari), contain (memuat), include (termasuk).

CATATAN PENTING
Perbedaan Simple Present dan Present Progressive
A. Fungsi Simple Present
1. Kebiasaan di masa sekarang (Habit in Present)
2. Menyatakan kemampuan (Ability)
3. Kebenaran umum di masa sekarang (General Truth in Present)
Keterangan Waktu di Simple Present
1. Adverb of Frequency  always, usually, often, sometime, ever, never, dll.
2. Every + time  every day, every week, every month, every Sunday, dll.
3. On + days  on Sundays, on Mondays, on Fridays, dll.

B. Fungsi Present Progressive


1. Menyatakan kejadian yang sedang terjadi saat bicara.
2. Menyatakan kejadian yang masih dalam proses. Ditandai dengan “this + time”, seperti
this week, this month, this year, dll.
3. Menyatakan kejadian yang berangsur-angsur berubah.
4. Menyatakan rasa jengkel, biasanya diikuti oleh keterangan waktu always.
Keterangan Waktu di Simple Present
1. Specific Time Signal  now, right now, today, at the present, at the moment, dll.
2. This + time  this month (bulan ini), this week (minggu ini), this year (tahun ini),
dll.

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EXERCISE 1. Spelling Practice.


Directions: Tulis bentuk ing untuk kata-kata dibawah ini.

1. take talking 7. hurt __________________________


2. come _________________________ 8. plan __________________________
3. dream _________________________ 9. dine __________________________
4. bite __________________________ 10. snow _________________________
5. hit ___________________________ 11. study _________________________
6. join __________________________ 12. warn _________________________

EXERCISE 2. Question Practice.


Directions: Buatlah Pertanyaan.
1. Is the teacher helping students?
Yes, she is. (The teacher is helping students.)
2. ________________________________________?
Yes, he is. (John is riding a bicycle.)
3. ________________________________________?
No, I’m not. (I’m not sleeping.)
4. ________________________________________ ?
No, they aren’t. (The students aren’t watching TV.)
5. ________________________________________?
No, it isn’t. (It isn’t raining outside.)

EXERCISE 3. Question Practice.


Directions: Buatlah kalimat dengan kata where, why, and what. Lihat materi Question
Word.
1. A: What are you reading?
B: My grammar book. (I’m reading my grammar book.)
2. A: _____________________________________________________
B: Because we’re doing an exercise. (I’m reading my grammar book because we’re
doing an exercise.)
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3. A: _____________________________________________________
B: A sentence in my grammar book. (I’m writing a sentence in my grammar book.)
4. A: _____________________________________________________
B: In the back of the room. (Tom is sitting in the back of the room.)
5. A: _____________________________________________________
B: In an apartment. (I’m living in an apartment.)
6. A: _____________________________________________________
B: Jeans and a sweatshirt. (Roberto is wearing jeans and a sweatshirt today.)
7. A: _____________________________________________________
B: Because I’m happy. (I’m smiling because I’m happy.)

EXERCISE 4. Simple Present Vs Present Progressive


Directions: Lengkapi kalimat dengan kata yang di dalam kurung. Lihat contoh nomer 1.
1. Ahmed (talk) talks to this classmates every day in class. Right now he
(talk) ___is talking____ to Yoko. He (talk, not) ___is not talking___ to his friend Omar
right now. (Perhatikan keterangan waktu untuk membedakan mana Simple Present dan
Present Progressive)
2. It (rain) _______________ a lot in this city, but it (rain, not) _____________________
right now. The sun (shine) _________________________. (it, rain)
_________________________ a lot in your hometown?
3. Hans and Anna (sit) ______________ next to each other in class every day, so they often
(help) _______________ each other with their grammar exercises. Right now Anna (help)
_________________________ Hans with an exercise on present verb tenses.
4. Roberto (cook) __________________ his own dinner every evening. Right now he is in
this kitchen. He (cook) _____________________rice and beans. (he, cook)
__________________________meat for his dinner tonight too? No, he is a vegetarian. He
(eat, not) ________________meat. (you, eat) ______________________meat? (you, be)
___________________ a vegetarian?

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EXERCISE 5. Simpel Present Vs Present Progressive.


Directions: Lengkapi kalimat dengan kata yang ada dalam kurung. Perhatikan keterangan
waktunya untuk membedakan mana Simple Present dan Present Progressive.
1. I (sit) am sitting in class right now. I (sit, always) always sit
in the same seat every day.
2. Ali (speak) __________________ Arabic, but right now he (speak) _______________
English.
3. Right now we (do) ___________________ an exercise in class. We (do)
__________________ exercise in class every day.
4. I’m in class now. I (look) _________________________ at my classmates. Kim (write)
__________________ in his book. Francisco (look) __________________
___________out the window. Yoko (bite) ___________________________________ her
pencil. Abdullah (smile) _____________________________________ Maria (sleep)
_______________________________. Jung-Po (crew) _______________________ gum.

EXERCISE 6. Simple Present Vs Present Progressive


Directions: Lengkapi kalimat dengan menggunakan kata yang ada di dalam kurung. Perhatikan
Keterangan waktunya untuk membedakan mana Simple Present dan Present Progressive.
Perhatikan juga Verb yang ada dalam kurung, apakah ia bisa menggunakan rumus Present
Progressive atau tidak (Lihat materi stative verb)
1. Alice is in her room right now. She (read) is reading a book. She (like)
likes the book.
2. It (snow) _______________________right now. It’s beautiful! I (like) ________________
this weather.
3. I (know) ________________ Jessica Jones. She’s in my class.
4. The teacher (talk) ____________________ to us right now. I (understand)
__________________everything she’s saying.
5. Mike is at a restaurant right now. He (eat) ____________________________dinner. He
(like) ____________________ the food. It (taste) ________________ good.
6. Sniff-sniff. I (smell) _______________ gas. (you, smell)
__________________________________ it too?

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7. Jason (tell) _______________________ us a story right now. I (believe) ______________


his story. I (think) ____________________ that his story is true.
8. Ugh! Someone (smoke) ______________________ a cigar. It (smell)
__________________ terrible! I (hate) _________________ cigars.
9. Look at Mr. Allen. He (hold) ___________________________ a kitten in his hand. He
(love) _______________________ the kitten. Mr. Allen (smile)
______________________.

EXERCISE 7. Chapter Review: Error Analysis.


Directions: Cari yang salah kemudian benarkan. Setiap kalimat ada unsur yang salah.
1. It’s raining today. I no like the rain.
2. Does Abdul be sleepping right now?
3. Why you are going downtown today?
4. Tom at a restaurant right now. He usually eat at home, but today he eating dinner at a
restaurant.
5. I am like liking flowers. They are smelling good.
6. Alex sitting at his desk. He writing a letter.
7. Where do they are sitting today?

Diadopsi dari buku-buku karya:

Betty Schramfer Azar & Stacy A. Hagen || Raymond Murphy | Marcella Frank || Michael
Swan || George E. Wishon & Julia M. Burks || A.J. Thomson & A.V. Martinet || Dan
beberapa sumber lain.

SMART ENGLISH AND ARABIC COURSE - SEMARANG 11

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