Managementul proceselor IT

Curs IV
nextgeneration.master@gmail.com
 Information System
Data Base and Applications
Operating Systems
Client/Server Architecture
Web
SAS
Applications versus Infrastructure (Network and
Server)
System Development Life Cycle
Information System

 An information system (IS) is a group of components that interact to produce

information (or any organized system for the collection, organization, storage
and communication of information)

 The components producing an IS are:

 Hardware - servers, Storage and communication devices.
 Software - computer programs and manuals
 Data- facts used by programs to produce useful information
 Procedures -policies that govern the operation of a computer system
 People – End Users and Technicians that maintain Hardware and Software
 Feedback
 Data Base
 A DataBase is an organized collection of data. It is the collection of
 schemas - flight(f-num, time, meal(yes/no)),
 tables – columns and rows. The columns subset which uniquely identifies a
row is called the primary key.
 queries- give factual answers to factual questions
 reports
 views
 A database management system (DBMS) is a computer
software application that interacts with the user, other applications,
and the database itself to capture and analyze data

 Some Well Known DBMS :MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, SAP
Data Base

 The relational model (RM) for database management is an Relational Model

approach to managing data using a structure and language
Activity Code Activity Name
consistent with first-order predicate logic 23 Patching
24 Overlay Key = 24
25 Crack Sealing
Activity Code Date Route No.
24 27/04/17 I-95
 Database servers are usually multiprocessor computers, 24 30/4/2017 I-66

with generous memory and RAID disk arrays used for Date Activity Code Route No.
stable storage. RAID is used for recovery of data if any of 27/04/17 24 I-95
28/04/17 23 I-495
the disks fail. Hardware database accelerators, connected 30/04/17 24 I-66
to one or more servers via a high-speed channel, are also
used in large volume transaction processing environments
Operating Systems
User 1 User 2 User 3

 An operating system is a program that acts as an interface between the

user and the computer hardware and controls the execution of all kinds of System Application
Software Software
programs
Software
 Some popular Operating Systems include Linux, Windows, OS X, Android
Operating System
 Operating System functions:
 Memory Management  Control over system performance
 Processor Management  Job accounting Hardware CPU RAM I/O
 Device Management  Error detecting aids
 File Management  Coordination between other software and users
 Security
Client/ Server Architecture
 Client/server architecture is a computing model in which the server hosts, delivers
and manages most of the resources and services to be consumed by the client.
This type of architecture has one or more client computers connected to a central
server over a network or Internet connection. This system shares computing
resources.

 Client-host and server-host have subtly different meanings than client and server.
A host is any computer connected to a network. Whereas the
words server and client may refer either to a computer or to a computer
program, server-host and user-host always refer to computers. The host is a
versatile, multifunction computer; clients and servers are just programs that run
on a host. In the client–server model, a server is more likely to be devoted to the
task of serving

 Omnichannel - Provide the same type of experience to an End User irrespective of

the communication channel used ( desktop, mobile)
Web Servers
 A web server is a computer system that processes requests via HTTP, the
basic network protocol used to distribute information on the World Wide Web
 The primary function of a web server is to store, process and deliver web
pages to clients. The communication between client and server takes place using
the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
 A web server (program) has defined load limits, because it can handle only a
limited number of concurrent client connections (usually between 2 and 80,000,
by default between 500 and 1,000) per IP address (and TCP port) and it can serve
only a certain maximum number of requests per second (RPS, also known
as queries per second or QPS) depending on:
 own settings,
 the HTTP request type,
 whether the content is static or dynamic,
 whether the content is cached, and
 the hardware and software limitations of the OS of the computer on which the
web server runs.
Web Servers

 A DNS server is any computer registered to join the Domain Name System.
A DNS server runs special-purpose networking software, features a public IP
address, and contains a database of network names and addresses for other
Internet hosts
 A domain name registrar is an organization or commercial entity that
manages the reservation of Internet domain names. A domain name registrar
must be accredited by a generic top-level domain (gTLD) registry and/or
a country code top-level domain (ccTLD) registry. In Romania we have ROTLD
 A web hosting service is a type of Internet hosting service that allows
individuals and organizations to make their website accessible via the World
Wide Web. Web hosts are companies that provide space on a server owned or
leased for use by clients, as well as providing Internet connectivity, typically
in a data center.
Web Servers

 CDN - Content Delivery Network

 A content delivery network (CDN) is a system of distributed servers (network)
that deliver webpages and other Web content to a user based on the
geographic locations of the user, the origin of the webpage and a content
delivery server.
 This service is effective in speeding the delivery of content of websites with
high traffic and websites that have global reach. The closer the CDN server is
to the user geographically, the faster the content will be delivered to the
user. CDNs also provide protection from large surges in traffic.
 Companies that use CDN: Facebook, YouTube
 SAS Statistical Analysis System

 SAS is a software suite that can mine, alter, manage and retrieve data
from a variety of sources and perform statistical analysis on it
 SAS provides a graphical point-and-click user interface for non-technical
users and more advanced options through the SAS language.[2] In order to
use Statistical Analysis System, Data should be in a spreadsheet table
format or SAS
 Used also in analyzing consumer behavior, election pools
 Similar Software suites SPSS, Tableau
Applications impact on Infrastructure (Network
and Server)
 Top impact factors
 Complexity- data center, cloud, third-party
 Design – performance must be designed – Outsourcing app development can impact
 Testing – UAT, FAT, Regression, Smoking
 Butterfly Effect –small change in an application can result in large differences in
some other applications Infrastructure and components of the Application Service:
Interfaces, Connectivity
 Network: latency and bandwidth
 Dynamic IT environment: running applications on shared infrastructure
 Mobility : one user may access an application more often using multiple devices
 Web Browser: end-to-end visibility into application performance
 Configuration Changes (i.e Amazon 12 hours downtime)
 Peak Usage
 People Communication and skills
 Lack of monitoring and maintenance
 System Development Life Cycle

Following are the seven phases of the SDLC (System-Development Life Cycle ):Planning (1),
Systems Analysis (2), Systems Design (3), Development (4), Testing (5), Implementation (6) and
Maintenance (7)

1. Planning- This is the first phase in the systems development process. It identifies whether or not
there is the need for a new system to achieve a business's strategic objectives. This is a
preliminary plan (or a feasibility study) for a company's business initiative to acquire the resources
to build on an infrastructure to modify or improve a service

2. 2. Systems Analysis and Requirements -he second phase is where businesses will work on the
source of their problem or the need for a change. In the event of a problem, possible solutions are
submitted and analyzed to identify the best fit for the ultimate goal(s) of the project. This is where
teams consider the functional requirements of the project or solution. It is also where system
analysis takes place—or analyzing the needs of the end users to ensure the new system can meet
their expectations.
 System Development Life Cycle

3. Systems Design - The third phase describes, in detail, the necessary specifications, features and
operations that will satisfy the functional requirements of the proposed system which will be in place. This is
the step for end users to discuss and determine their specific business information needs for the proposed
system

4. Development- The fourth phase is when the real work begins—in particular, when a programmer,
network engineer and/or database developer are brought on to do the major work on the project. This work
includes using a flow chart to ensure that the process of the system is properly organized

5. Integration and Testing The fifth phase involves systems integration and system testing (of programs
and procedures)—normally carried out by a Quality Assurance (QA) professional—to determine if the
proposed design meets the initial set of business goals. Testing may be repeated, specifically to check for
errors, bugs and interoperability. This testing will be performed until the end user finds it acceptable.
Another part of this phase is verification and validation, both of which will help ensure the program"s
successful completion.

6. Implementation The sixth phase is when the majority of the code for the program is written.
Additionally, this phase involves the actual installation of the newly-developed system

7. Operations and Maintenance The seventh and final phase involves maintenance and regular required
updates. This step is when end users can fine-tune the system, if they wish, to boost performance, add
new capabilities or meet additional user requirements.
V-Model
 In software development, the V-model represents a development process
that may be considered an extension of the waterfall model, and is an
example of the more general V-model. Instead of moving down in a linear
way, the process steps are bent upwards after the coding phase, to form the
typical V shape
Q&A