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IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
Abstract
A vibration exciter is a machine which produces mechanical vibratory motion to which the test object is subjected. This article
presents design, construction, performance and testing of mechanical vibrations exciter, which have unbalanced mass to generate
uniaxial vibrations. The exciter is designed to produce a given range of harmonic or time dependent excitation force and
displacement through a given range of frequencies. The mechanical vibration exciter produces vibrations due to centrifugal force
of rotating eccentric mass. The vibrations produced lie in the low frequency range. The construction of working device and its
important parts are described here. The most important part of exciter is unbalanced mass attached with rotating disc of motor.
Exciter has unbalanced mass at one end of disc, base frame, top plate as platform, springs and motor. This exciter is used for
testing of welded parts, consolidation of concrete, concrete filling in mould. The obtained experimental results are in line with
theoretical results.
Keywords: Exciters, unbalanced mass, steady state vibration, amplitude, frequency ratio, tests.
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2. NUMERICAL MODEL
Here we used concept of forced vibration with mass
excitation. The concept is given as below: We know that, a
rotating machine such as: Centrifugal pumps, turbines,
electric motor, etc, have some amount of unbalance left in
Fig-1: Rotating unbalance mass them even after balancing with the help of precession
balancing machines. This unbalance is a common source of
The unbalance force is transmitted through bearings directly forced vibrations. The unbalance in rotating machines is
to the table mass, causing a vibratory motion without measured in terms of mass „m‟ rotating with its centre of
reaction of the force against the base. A vibration machine gravity at a distance „e‟ from the axis of rotation. The
employing this principle is referred to as a reaction machine centrifugal force due to unbalance mass „m‟ acts as
since the reaction to the unbalance force is supplied by the harmonic excitation force. Consider a machine with a
table itself rather than through a connection to the floor or rotating unbalance supported on a spring and a damper (i.e.
ground. One or two rotating unbalanced masses produces mounted on an elastic support), as shown in Fig.2.[2]
vibratory motion in perpendicular or in parallel direction to
the vibration table. The rotating unbalances turning in Assumption
opposite directions are phased so that the unbalance forces
It is assumed that the system is constrained to move
add in the desired direction and cancel in other directions.
vertically having single degree of freedom. Let,Total
The effective generated force from the two rotating
vertical displacement of mass of machine excluding
unbalances is midway between the two axes of rotation and
unbalanced rotating mass (M – m) = x
is normal to a line connecting the two it.
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Volume: 03 Issue: 08 | Aug-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 2
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
X X 1e n t sin
1 2 n t 1
me 2 sin (t )
K 1 r 2 r
2 2 2
Here r i.e. frequency ratio
n
The amplitude of steady state vibrations is given as below:
X r2
(4)
me
1 r 2 2 r
2 2
M
X
Here, is dimensionless amplitude generated because
me
Fig.-3: Free Body Diagram of Machine
M
Use D‟Alemnerts‟s principle, of rotating unbalance in machine.
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Volume: 03 Issue: 08 | Aug-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 3
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 08 | Aug-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 4
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors are grateful for the support MIT College of
Engineering, Pune. The authors would also like to thanks
Mr. Nikhil Saggam, Mr. Rohit Kumbhar and Mr. Ashish
Fig.-12: Amplitude Vs Speed for unbalanced mass 0.75 kg Sorathiya for their assistance in the work.
REFERENCES
[1] A. M. Wahl, “Mechanical Spring Design”, McGraw-
Hill, 2nd Edition.
[2] S.S. Rao, “Mechanical Vibrations”, Addison-Wesley,
4th Edition.
[3] “PSG design data book”, Central Book Publishers; 3rd
Edition
[4] Robert L. Norton, “Machine Design: An Integrated
Approach,” 2nd Ed., 2002.
[5] C. M. Harris and A.G. Piersol, “Harris‟ Shock and
Vibration Handbook”, McGraw-Hill, 5th Edition
Fig.-13: Amplitude Vs Speed plot for eccentricity [6] Pluta J., Orkisz P., “Bi-axial exciter of mechanical
20mm,40mm, 60 mm at unbalanced mass 0.5 kg vibrations”, Carpathian Control Conference (ICCC),
2012 13th International , May 2012, pp. 568–572.
From these plots we said that our designed and [7] Je-Hoon Kim, Jin-Ho Kim, Sang-Hyun Jeong, and
manufactured unbalanced mass mechanical vibration exciter Bang-Woo Han, “Design and Experiment of an
is good product. Electromagnetic Vibration Exciter for the Rapping of
an Electrostatic Precipitator”, Journal of Magnetics
6. CONCLUSIONS 17(1), 2012,pp. 61-67.
Here the design, construction, performance and testing of an
unbalanced mass mechanical vibration exciter were
discussed. From observations we found that machine has
internal stiffness and damping. The amplitude of vibration
initially increases with increase in speed and reaches at
maximum value (at resonance speed) and then decreases.
We also found that raw cement can be satisfactorily
consolidated at different speeds of vibration exciter. The
resonance occurs at in the range of circular frequency of
750rpm and 850rpm. Here we get different frequency
response curve due to change in eccentric mass and change
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Volume: 03 Issue: 08 | Aug-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 6