Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Host-Parasite Interactions
● physical barriers (1st innate of defense against pathogens)
○ innate: present at birth
- skin
- mucuous membranes
- components of body fluids
- physiologic function of the body
PROTOZOANS
Entamoeba histolytica
- most invasive entamoeba
- only one to cause colitis and liver abcess
Life cycle of E. histolytica
● invasive: consist of tissue necrosis (caused by trophozoites; cause duodenal ulcer)
● non-invasive colonization: cyst stays in the ilium/intestinal lumen (ASYMPTOMATIC
carrier: no symptoms but bring parasites)
● extraintestinal: outside the usual habitat (brain, lungs, liver, heart)
○ G.I tract usual habitat
E. histolytica
➢ trophozoite
○ 1-4
○ karyosome: contains dense RNA material; small central mass of chromatin
○ peripheral chromatin: fine and evenly distributed
○ pseudopods: unidirectional, active, progressive (finger like)
○ cytoplasm: granular (ground glass appearance)
○ ingested RBC
➢ cyst
○ shape: spherical
○ chromatoidal body: sausage-shaped, cigar/coffin-shaped
○ small and centrally located karyosome
○ glycogen mass: source of food/glucose
Pathogenesis
Diagnosis
● DFS
● FECT
● PCR
○ undergoes research
Treatment
● metronidazole
● diloxanide furoate
Epidemiology
● amebia
Entamoeba coli
- cyst
- nuclei: 1-8
- 8 (metacystic stage)
- chromatoidal bar: broomstick-like appearance, splinter-like,
- trophozoite
- blunt pseudopod
- nonprogressive, sluggish
- multi-directional
- nucleus: eccentric
- dirty-looking cytoplasm
- ingest bacteria, yeast, other debris
-
Entamoeba hartmanii
- trophozoite
- dirty looking cytoplasm due to bacteria
- pseudopod: posterior area
- diffused glycogen mass
Entamoeba polecki
- nucleus: eccentric
- chromatoidal bar: angular, pointed (cyst)
- trophozoite
- eccentric nucleus
- resembles e. coli
- blunt
- dirty looking
Endolimax nana
- ovoid
- cross eyed (4 nuclei)
- large, blotlike
Iodamoeba butschlii
- uninucleated
- large glycogen vacuole
- brown under Lugol’s iodine
Entamoeba gingivalis
- no cyst stage
- mouth/oral cavity (tartar/gingival pockets)
- ingest bacteria and debris
- dirty looking
- nonprogressive
Naeglria fowleri
- has 3 stages
- cyst and troph acquired in the environment
- stage 1. cyst
- round, thick-walled
- live longer in the environment
- nucleus: one large centrally located
-
- stage 2. trophozoite (amoeboid)
- elongated
- jerky movement (motility)
- anterior end (broader)
- posterior end (tapered)
- pseudopod (sluggish, blunt)
- nucleus: 1 (one, large centrally located)
- absence of peripheral chromatin
- granular chromation (presence of vacuoles)
- stage 3. flagellated: locomotory function
- stage 4. promitosis
- membrane
- cyst and trophozoite are infective stages
- passes on the nasal mucosa and goes to the brain
- disease manifestation and pathology
- primary amebic meningoencephalitis
- true pathogen: patient has no history of diseases
Balamuthia
● Balamutia mandrillaris
○ similar to acanthamoeba
Balantidium coli
- conjugation: way of reproduction
- transfer of materials during temporary union
- encystation: not all trophozoite goes back to cysts
- trophozoite that dont go back to cysts stays in the colon causing ulceration
- happen in the large intestine
- mature cysts
- after excystation, pass through the feces
- capable of extraintestinal invasion
- appendicitis
- mesenteric nodes
- liver
- urinary tract or lungs
- causes intestinal perforation
- trophozoite
- well defined cytostome (oral apparatus)
- acquire food
- covered with cilia from the oral region
- tapered anterior, broad posterior
- macro and micro nucleus (contains the genetic material)
- macro: kidney shaped
- micro: inside the macronucleus
- has two contractile vacuole
- osmoregulatory organelle
- mucocysts
- beneath the cell membrane
- extrusive organelle
- cyst
- round and spherical to slightly ovoid
- double cell walled
- macro and micronucleus
- nucleus are separated