LESSON PACKAGE ON

Real Numbers
(Secondary 1 Express)

Contents:
Worksheet 1 Negative Numbers and the Number Line Page 2 – 3

Worksheet 2 Addition and Subtraction of Integers (using Algebra Page 4 – 7

Discs)

Worksheet 3 Multiplication and Division (using Algebra Discs) Page 8 – 9

Worksheet 4 Combined Operation of Integers Page 10

Worksheet 5 Rational Numbers Page 11 – 12

Worksheet 6 Word Problems on Rational Numbers (Fractions) Page 13

Worksheet 7 Decimals Page 14 – 15

1
Worksheet 1

Negative Numbers and the Number Line

(A) Definition:
(i) Negative Numbers
Numbers with the negative sign (‘–’ ) are called _____________ numbers.

Eg: ______________________________________________

Try it! 1

(ii) Integers refer to whole numbers and negative numbers

E.g.: _____________________________________________

(iii) A number line shows the order of numbers.

(iv) Zero is neither _____________ nor _______________.

(v) Natural numbers are positive integers.

E.g.: ______________________________________________

Try it! 2
1
(a) Represent the numbers –1, –3.5 and 2 on a number line.
2

(b) Arrange the numbers in descending order.

Try it! 3
(a) Represent the numbers –31 and 7 on a number line.
(b) Express the relationship between –31 and 7 using the inequality sign ‘ �’.

Practice Questions: Exercise 2.1 (Discovering Math Page 26)

2
Q1.

Q2.

Q3.

Q4.

Q8.

Extra Practice

1. Arrange the following numbers in ascending order.

9, 0,  5,  11

2. Draw a number line to represent the set of whole numbers from 3 to 6.

3. Using a number line, represent the set of integers which satisfy the inequality
1  x  4 .

3
Worksheet 2

Addition and Subtraction of Integers (using Algebra Discs)

Key concept:

A ‘–1’ disc and ‘1’ disc from a zero pair.

Addition

Using Algebra Disc, evaluate:

1. 2+3=

1 1 1

1 1

2. (–2) + (–4) =

– –
1 1

– – – –
1 1 1 1

3. (–3) + 2 = (form zero pairs)

– – –
1 1 1

1 1

4. (–8) + 2 = (form zero pairs)

– – – – – – – –
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1

5. 0 + (–4)
4
 – – – –
1 1 1 1

6. (–5) + 9

– – – – –
1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Try it! 4

For each of the following, can you predict whether the answer is positive or negative before
evaluating it?

(a) ( 6 ) + ( 14 )

(b) 17 + ( 9 )

(c) ( 23) + 12

(d) 0 + ( +5 )

5
Subtraction

Key concept:

(i) A ‘–1’ disc and ‘1’ disc from a zero pair.

(ii) 3 – 4 is the same as 3 + (–4)

(iii) –(–2) = 2

Using Algebra Disc, evaluate:

1. 4–9

1 1 1 1

– – – – – – – – –
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2. –3 – 5

– – –
1 1 1

– – – – –
1 1 1 1 1

3. 5 – (–2) (note: this is the same as: ___________________)

1 1 1 1 1

1 1

Try it! 5

For each of the following, can you predict whether the answer is positive or negative before
evaluating it?

(a) 15  ( 28 )

(b) 12  ( 14 )

(c) 0  ( 6 )

Further practice

6
Evaluate:

1. 80  ( 25)  (6 + 55) .

2. 3  ( 14)

3. 10 + (2)  3 .

4. 10  ( 15)

5.  1 + (1) + 2  10

6. 4 + ( 2)  ( 3)

7
Worksheet 3

Multiplication and Division (using Algebra Discs)

Key concept:

(i) 3 �4 can be considered as 3 groups of 4.

(ii) 3 �4 can be considered as 3 groups of –4.

1. Evaluate 3 �(2) =

– –
1 1

– –
1 1

– –
1 1

2. Evaluate ( 3) �4 =

– – –
1 1 1

– – –
1 1 1

– – –
1 1 1

– – –
1 1 1

3. Evaluate ( 2 ) �( 5 ) = (Take the negative of 2 groups of –5)

– –
1
–
1
–
1
–
1
–
1

– –
1
–
1
–
1
–
1
–
1

8
Try It! 8

(a) 8 �( 12 )

(b) ( 3) �( 6 )

(c) ( 5) �6 �( 4 )
From above, summarised Rules of Multiplication:

Multiplication Examples

( + ) �( + ) = +
(  ) �(  ) = +
( + ) �(  ) = 
(  ) �( + ) = 

1
Since ( 4 ) �3 is the same as ( 4 ) � , we have the following rules for division:
3

Multiplication Examples

( + ) �( + ) = +
(  ) �(  ) = +
( + ) �(  ) = 
(  ) �( + ) = 

Try It! 9

(a) ( +16 ) �( +2 ) =

(b) ( 75) �( 5 ) =

(c) ( +63) �( 7 ) =

(d) ( 54 ) �6 =
Worksheet 4

9
Combined Operation of Integers

Order of Operations:

1. Simplify expression within the brackers frst

2. Work from left to right, performing multiplication/division before addition and

subtraction.

Try It! 10 (pg 38)

Try It! 11 (pg 38)

1. Evaluate

(i) ( 13) + 169  13  ( 2)

(ii) (4  6)  (3  5)

(iii) ( 36)  ( 2 + 4)

(iv) 20  2 + 4  2

(v) (3  9  6)  (5  12)

2. The table below gives the temperature in a number of cities at noon on a particular
day.

Singapore Helsinki Foochow Tokyo New York

33oC  3C 0oC  8C 4oC

(a) Find the difference in temperature between Tokyo and New York.
(b) The temperature in Moscow was exactly midway between the temperatures in
Singapore and Helsinki. What was the temperature in Moscow?

3. The temperature in a town in a day at noon was 37C . The temperature drops to
 3C at midnight. Find

(a) the difference between the two temperatures,

(b) the temperature which is exactly half-way between the two temperatures.

Worksheet 5

10
Rational Numbers

Definition:

Rational Numbers are numbers that can be expressed in the form _____ where a and b are
integers and b �0 .

Rational Number

(terminating or recurring
decimals)

Integers Fractions

(–4, 3, 0) ()

Key concepts:

Addition and Subtraction

1. For addition of rational number (fractions), we convert them to equivalent fractions

with the same ___________ before we add or subtract.

Multiplication (pg 41)

2. Step 1: If there are mixed umbers, change them to improper fraction first.

Step 2: Multiply the numerators

Step 3: Multiply the denominator

Step 4: Simplify the resulting fraction.

Divison

3. When a rational number (fraction) is divided by another rational number, it is equal to

multiplying the reciprocal of the second number.

Try It 13:

Try It 14:

Try It 15:

11
Evaluate:

2 2 1  28 2  17
1. +  2.  + 
3 9 4  6 3  18

 2 1 4 2 8
3.     
 3 3 9 7 9
4.
3 5
2 3
5 8

3 3 5 1 1
5. 2 +3 6. 3 1 
4 5 8 3 2

 1 1 4  1 5  1
7. 2     8.  3 +    4 
 4 6 3  2 3  3

Worksheet 7

12
Word Problems on Rational Numbers (Fractions)

1 1 1
1. Paul spent of his money on a shirt and on a pair of shoes. Then he spent
2 5 3
of

the remaining on a pen. If he had $240 left, what was the amount of money he had
at first?

3 1
2. Mr Lee left of his money to his wife, of the remainder to his brother and the rest
7 2
of it to be divided equally among his three children.

(a) What fraction of the money did his brother receive?

(b) If each of his children received $400, how much did his wife receive?

1 1 5
3. In a Mathematics examination, of the students got grade A, got grade B, of
6 3 8
the remainder got grade C and the rest got grade D. What fraction of the students got

grade D for the examination?

13
Worksheet 7

Decimals

1. Decimals with finite number of digits are _____________ numbers.

2. Decimals that are recurring are ___________ numbers.

3. Decimals with infinite digits and are non-recurring are __________ numbers.

Evaluate the following without using a calculator.

Try It! 16

(a) 21.257 + 9.24

(b) 16.054 – 8.39

Try It! 17

(a) 3.47 �1.2

(b) 2.93 �0.07

Try It! 18

(a) 0.266 �0.07

(b) 0.148 �0.005

1. Evaluate:
14
 3 1
(i) 1  0.3  1.8 +
4 25

(ii) 0.23  0.11

2. Find the decimal number exactly halfway between 1.01 and 1.02.

3. Express 0.675 as a fraction in the lowest term.

5
4. Express as a recurring decimal.
11

5. Arrange the following numbers from the biggest to smallest.

4  , 0.83
3
0.835, , 0.83, 0.83
5

8
6. Express 2 as a recurring decimal.
9

15