Fundamental Music Terms

Intro to Jazz History

Time:
Rhythm:

Beat:

Tempo:

Meter:

Syncopation:

Swing:

Timbre:

Melody:

Harmony:

Chords :

Improvisation:

Form:
 Intro to Jazz History
The Origins of Jazz and the First Jazz Musicians

Influences/ingredients:
Blues:

European traditions:

African traditions:

Brass bands:

Gospel traditions:

New Orleans:

Ragtime:

The First Jazz Musicians:

Buddy Bolden; trumpet (1877-1931):

Jelly Roll Morton; piano (1890-1941):

Original Dixieland Jass Band:
Sidney Bechet; sop. sax, clarinet (1897-1959):

Joe “King” Oliver; trumpet (1885-1938):

Louis Armstrong; trumpet (1901-1971):

James P. Johnson; piano (1895-1955):

Bix Beiderbecke; trumpet (1903-1931):

 Intro to Jazz History
Swing Era Big Bands, Soloists, and Singers

Differences between early jazz and swing:

Popularity of big bands: most popular period for jazz

Different kinds of swing bands:

Band leaders and their soloists:

Fletcher Henderson (1897-1952):

Paul Whiteman(1890-1967):

Duke Ellington (1899-1974):

Early years:
The Ellington Sound:

Ellington’s Legacy:

Count Basie (1904-1984)

-rhythm section innovations (Jo Jones-drums, Freddie Green-guitar, Walter Page-

bass)

-band innovations:

Benny Goodman (1909-1986)

 Intro to Jazz History
Swing Era Big Bands, Soloists and Singers Cont’d

What makes a jazz singer:

Singers:
Bessie Smith (1894-1937): (Early Jazz)
Early years:

Career:

Legacy:

Billie Holiday (1915-1959):

Early Years:

Career:
 Legacy:
Ella Fitzgerald (1917-1996):

Swing Era soloists:

Coleman Hawkins (1904-1969):
Early Years:

Career:

Legacy:



Lester Young (1909-1959):
Early Years:

Career:

Legacy:
Art Tatum (1909-1956):
 Bebop and Its Innovators

Origins:

Differences in Bebop from earlier forms of Jazz:

Charlie Parker (1920-1955)

Early life:

Career:

Legacy:

Dizzie Gillespie (1917-1993)

 Career:

Legacy:

Thelonious Monk (1917-1982):

Early Years:

Career:

Legacy
 Intro to Jazz History
Miles Davis, Cool Jazz and Its Innovators

Cool Jazz Characteristics:

Miles Davis (1929-1991): trumpet

Bebop Career:

Cool Jazz Career:

Lennie Tristano (1919-1978): pianist;

Playing Style:

Lee Konitz (1927): alto sax;

Chet Baker (1929-1988): Trumpet

Gerry Mulligan (1927-1996): baritone sax

Dave Brubeck (1920-): piano

Stan Getz (1927-1991): tenor sax

 Intro to Jazz History
Jazz in the 50s and its Innovators

What makes hard bop different from bebop?

Miles Davis (1927-1991): trumpet

Clifford Brown (1930-1956): trumpet

Horace Silver (1928-): piano

Sonny Rollins (1930-): tenor sax

Art Blakey (1919-1990): drums

Bill Evans (1929-1980): pianist (Post Bop)

Early Years:

Career:
 Intro to Jazz History
Jazz of the 50s cont., Coltrane, Davis and Free Jazz

Modal jazz:

Free Jazz/Avant-Garde/Improvised music:

More Miles Davis:

Second Great Quintet (1964-1967): Wayne Shorter- tenor sax, Herbie Hancock- piano,
Ron Carter- bass, Tony William- drums

John Coltrane (1926-1967): tenor and soprano sax

Early years:
Classic Quartet (1960-1965): McCoy Tyner-piano, Jimmy Garrison-bass, Elvin Jones-
drums

Avant-Garde/Free Jazz period (1965-1967):

Sun Ra (1914-1993): keyboards, bandleader, composer

Ornette Coleman (1930-) alto sax, violin, trumpet

Cecil Taylor (1929-) piano

Opportunities for freedom in jazz:
 Intro to Jazz History
Fusion, Commercialism, Outside Influence

Jazz Fusion defined:

Similarities between jazz and rock:

Differences from rock:

Differences from jazz:

Other genres jazz fused with before:

Even more Miles Davis:

Influences:

Differences in instrumentation:

Tony Williams (1945-1997): drums

John McLaughlin (1942-): guitar

Weather Report:

Jaco Pastorius (1951-1987): electric bass

Herbie Hancock (1940-): piano, keyboards

Chick Corea (1941-); piano, keyboards

Smooth Jazz:
Crossover music:
 Intro to Jazz History
European Jazz/Jazz Since the 70s

Keith Jarrett (1945-): piano

Dave Holland (1946-): bass;

Michael Brecker (1949-): sax, EWI

Pat Metheny (1954-): guitar


 Intro to Jazz History
Jazz Since the 80s

John Zorn (1953-): alto saxophone, etc.

Wynton Marsalis (1961-): trumpet

Bill Frisell (1951-); guitar

Brad Mehldau (1970-): piano

Dave Douglas (1963-): trumpet

Trends in modern jazz: