CULTURE…

SOCIETY…
POLITICS

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• Why is it important
to study culture,
society and politics?

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What makes US
different ???
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Environment??

History??

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 Different greetings around the world

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 SEXY around the world

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2/20/2017 7
CULTURE
NATIONALITY ???
…As a group of people who share the same
history..customs and traditions
Filipinos…Chinese…Arabs…Americans…etc

ETHNIC GROUPS ???

IVATANS IBANAGS

KAPAMPANGAN
IGOROTS
ILOCANO

BICOLANO

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 GENDER???
It is refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors and attributes that a
society considers appropriate for men and women (WHO,2013)

MALE, FEMALE…
LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER,
QUEER AND INTERSEX (LGBTQI)
SOCIOECONOMIC CLASS???
Ideas associated with being poor and rich based on collective experiences
of individuals

MAHIRAP, MEDYO MAHIRAP,SAKTO

LANG, MAYAMAN (Gonzales,UCSP)

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EXCEPTIONALITY/NON-EXCEPTIONALITY

• People with non-average capacity : geniuses

• People with disability and those physically
challenge individuals

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• All that human beings
learn to do, to use, to
produce, to know, and to
believe as they grow to
maturity and live out their
lives in the social groups to
which they belong.

Culture is the way

of living –
anthropologists
 Society is the It symbolizes that
product of human group within which
interactions – human beings can
sociologists live a total common
life.

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Politics arises whenever there are people
living together in associations
whenever they are involved in conflicts
and wherever they are subject to some
kind of power, rulership or authority
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 ACTIVITY NO. 1 “REAL WORLD”

Actual observation of
people’s behavior in public
places

https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontosociology/chapter/cha
pter3-culture/

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 ANTHROPOLOGY
• (origin) 2 Greek words:
• “anthropos” = humans
• “Logos” = word

• Study of human kind

whose concentration is
on human and cultural
evolution (Jurmain,
Nelson, Kilgore &
Trevathan, 2000)
ANTHROPOLOGIST….
• Used “Diversity” – to understand life in a
community
• “Culture Universal” – pattern of similarity
within the array of difference (EQUAL BUT
DIFFERENT)
• They focuses on “human diversity” and
translate it into understanding between
different cultures

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 ANTHROPOLOGY
5 DISCIPLINES OF ANTHROPOLOGY

2/20/2017 Alejandria-Gonzalez (2016), UCSP p.30 17

 ARCHAEOLOGY CULTURAL

ancient
LINGUISTIC
and • language
society’s
human
populatio
culture and its
through their
n and belief,
relation
how they practices and to their
adapt to possessions culture
their
environm
ent
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 PHYSICAL -– biological APPLIED -solve
development of human contemporary problems
and their contemporary thru applications of
variations theories.

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 SOCIOLOGY
• “Socius” – society in
interaction
• Scientific study of human
society and social
interactions (Tischler, 2007).
• Focus is the group not the
individual.
• Study forces that molds
individuals, shape their
behavior and determine
social events.
 SUBDISIPLINES OF SOCIOLOGY

UCSP, ALEJANDRIA-GONZALEZ,,MC
2/20/2017 2016,P.39 21
 SOCIAL ORGANIZATION –
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY-
social structures
impact of group life to
(institutions, social groups,
person’s nature and
social stratifications, social
personality
mobility and ethnic groups)

SOCIAL CHANGE AND

DEMOGRAPHY –
DISORGANIZATION – social
interrelationship between
and cultural interactions,
population with economic,
interruptions (deviance &
political and social system
conflicts)

APPLIED – solve
contemporary problems

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 POLITICAL SCIENCE
• Study of the state
in all its elements,
aspects and
relationships
(Ayson-Reyes,
2000).
• Study of the polis
 POLITICAL SCIENCE
• Laswell mentioned that POLITICS is the hows,
whens and wheres of getting power and
influence
• POWER- the ability to make a person do what
he will not do otherwise (Dahl)
• STATE – territory, government, people and
sovereignty

UCSP, ALEJANDRIA-GONZALEZ,,MC 2016,P.39

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POLITICAL SCIENCE- territory

UCSP, ALEJANDRIA-GONZALEZ,,MC 2016,P.39

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POLITICAL SCIENCE SUBDISCIPLINES

UCSP, ALEJANDRIA-GONZALEZ,,MC
2/20/2017 2016,P.39 26
 POLITICAL COMPARATIVE
THEORY POLITICS

INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL
RELATIONS BEHAVIOR

PUBLIC
PUBLIC POLICY
ADMINISTRATION

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 Sociological imagination
CHARLES WRIGHT MILLS
(1959)
The relationship
between individual
experiences and forces in
the larger society that
shape our actions.
 Sociological imagination
• Focuses on every aspect of
society and every
relationship among
individuals.
 PIONEERS
OF SOCIOLOGY
AUGUSTE COMTE (1798-1857)
• Belief: need to understand
society as it was, rather what
ought to be.

• Positivism – path to
understanding the world based
on science

• Used “sociology”
-Greek/Latin: study of society
HARRIET MARTINEAU (1802-1876)
• Mother of Sociology
• HOW TO OBSERVE
MANNERS AND MORALS
• Theory and practice (1837)
wherein she compared the
European Society to the
American Society

• Believed that scholars should

not simply offer observations
but should also use their
research to bring about social
reform.
HERBERT SPENCER (1820-1903)
1. SOCIAL DARWINISM
-Survival of the fittest
a. Most ambitious, most
intelligent rise to the top

2. Most of his work has been

discredited
KARL MARX (1818-1883)
• The means of
production/economic sector
is most important in any
society.

• Historical change occurs

through class conflict
between owners and
workers.
EMILE DURKHEIM (1858-1917)
• Bonds/functions hold society
together (social integration)
• Suicide, SOCIAL FORCES
IMPACT LIVES
• Society is held together by
mechanical solidarity (a
social moral consensus) and
by organic solidarity (a
dependency of roles among
people)
MAX WEBER (1864-1920)
• Verstehen or insight,
Is important to understanding
behavior

• Religion powerful in creating

in economic system

• Rationality is more pervasive

through development of
bureaucratic structures
 PIONEERS
OF
ANTHROPOLOGY
• THEORY OF INHERITANCE OF
ACQUIRED CHARACTERISTICS
• Species change was influenced
by environmental change
CHARLES DARWIN • Theory of Natural
Selection
“survival of the fittest”
 CHARLES DARWIN
(Theory of Evolution)

Transmutation, the change of

one species to another.
FRANZ BOAZ (Father of modern
American Anthropology)
• Anti-evolutionary
• HISTORICAL
PARTICULARISM - each
society has a unique
culture that cannot be
subsumed under an
overall definition of
general culture
BRONISLAW KASPER
MALINOWSKI
• Participant Observation
- requires
anthropologists to
participate and blend
with the group of life of
a given group
• Ethnography
(practice of writing
about people)
Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown
• “Individuals are mere
products of structures”

• STRUCTURAL-
FUNCTIONALIST
PARADIGM
 POLITICAL SCIENTISTS
ALFRED BOYER
• Politics is the interaction between civil society and the govt in
the governance

MAX WEBER
• Politics is the exercise of power within the state

DAVID EASTON
• Politics is the authoritative allocation of scarce value

UCSP, ALEJANDRIA-GONZALEZ,,MC 2016,P.39

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 SOCIETY-involves Anthropology, Sociology and
Political Science- can change the way we see
things, change people’s perspectives

SOCIOLOGY(actions
and interactions)

ANTHROPOLOGY POLITICAL
(practices and SCIENCE (power
traditions) relations)

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