Globalisation

The first important words are developing countries and developed countries

Developing countries are countries with little industrial and economic activity where people
generally have low incomes.

Contrarily, Developed countries are countries with a lot of industrial and economic activity
where people generally have high incomes.

There is also another good term - emerging economy or emerging market economy which
means a nation’s economy progressing toward becoming developed and advanced.

Though it once reigned alongside the United States as a world superpower, Russia is not
classified as a developed country as of 2015.

Global village - the idea that we became a single community due to affordable and effective
transportation, mass media, and electronic communications.
People are afraid that the evolution of a global village will raise conflicts between cultures.
Global economy refers to economy of the world comprising economies of different countries
closely interrelated. By the way, interrelated is another very good word to use when speaking
about global economy and globalisation.

Thanks to global economy, a shirt is now likely to cost roughly the same amount of money in
New York as in New Delhi.
Global trade (often international trade) is simply the exchange of goods and services
between countries.

Global trade not only results in increased efficiency, but also allows countries to participate in
global economy, encouraging the opportunity of foreign investments.

Sweatshop (sometimes sweat factory) is a workplace with unacceptably severe conditions

and usually extremely low wages.
In 2006 Apple faced allegations that its iPod was being produced in China’s sweatshop
conditions. The Apple incident illustrates how sweatshops can thrive with such practices as
outsourcing.
Outsourcing means just what it says - going out to find the source of what you need. In the
globalisation context we usually use the term outsourcing to describe a situation when
businesses outsource production to countries with developing economies.

Offshore outsourcing is often criticised, which can mean bad public relations for a company.

Our next phrase is loss of identity. Some people fear that globalisation will inevitably lead to
total loss of cultural identity.

Prosperity To put it simply it is the state of being successful usually by making a lot of money.
Globalisation plays an important role in contributing to sustainable prosperity for all people.
Standard of living could be described as a quality of life or level of material prosperity
available to an individual or a group of people.
The standard of living includes factors such as: income, availability of employment,
affordability of housing, quality of healthcare, and many others.
And finally, Human Development Index (HDI) is an index prepared by the United Nations
which lists countries in the order of human achievement taking into consideration three
dimensions: health, education and living standards.
Human Development Index also shows that countries with lots of income do not always spend
money in ways that create high life expectancies or education levels.

Consumerism It is the belief that it is good for people and society to spend a lot of money on
goods and services.
Although consumerism can take many forms, it generally refers to very high levels of
excessive consumption.

Cultural convergence which is a tendency for cultures to blend and become more alike and
cultural divergence which describes things that make separations of cultures.
The English language is a prime example of cultural convergence on a global scale.

Additional vocabulary

Anti-globalisation movement - is a social movement critical of the globalisation of corporate

capitalism.
local (relating to a particular area, city or town)
national (relating to an entire nation or country) /
domestic (relating to, or made in your own country)
integration (the act of bringing together smaller components into a single system that
functions as one)
cooperation (a situation in which people work together to do something)
multilateral (involving more than two groups or countries) / unilateral (involving only one
group or country)
bilateral (involving two countries)
progress (the process of improving or developing something over a period of time)
development ( the act or process of growing or causing something to grow or become larger
or more advanced)
protest (an event at which people gather together to show strong disapproval about
something) /
strike (a period of time when workers stop work in order to force an employer to agree to their
demands)
Demonstration ( an event in which people gather together in order to show that they support
or oppose something or someone) standardisation-is the process of implementing and
developing technical standards. (Wikipedia)
national sovereignty - the idea that independent nations, which have declared their
independence, have an organised government and are self-contained, have a right to exist
without other nations interfering
to accelerate - cause (something) to happen sooner or more quickly;
affluence - abundance of property;
to dominate – to have control of or power over (someone or something);
economic growth drivers – something that provides development and growth of economy;
imbalance / inequality - a state or condition in which different things do not occur in equal or
proper
amounts;
superpower - an extremely powerful nation;
tariff - a tax on goods coming into or leaving a country;
trade barrier – a government-induced restriction on international trade;
borders – boundaries between countries;
fair trade – trade in conformity with a fair-trade agreement;
interdependence - the mutual reliance between two or more groups;

USEFUL SENTENCE STRUCTURES

Problems in developing countries

Developing countries face a range if problems
Standards of healthcare and education are low
Life expectancy is usually lower than in developed countries
There is a lack of infrastructure, employment and good quality housing
Many people are forced to live in poverty
Food, drinking water and basic medicines are in short supply

How to help developing countries

The best form of help for developing countries is development aid
Richer nations can help by investing in long-term projects
Governments and charities can help by building new houses and schools
Globalisation may also help developing countries
Multi-national companies can creating jobs in developing countries
On the other hand, many people emigrate to find work in richer countries
They often sand money back home to their families
This money helps to improve the standard of living in developing countries

Immigration
Some people move to another countries in search of a better life
Many immigrants come from less developed countries
Richer, industrialised countries may offer opportunities for employment
Free healthcare and schooling are available in some developed countries
Other people migrate to a foreign country to improve their academic qualifications

Positives of immigration and Multi-cultural societies

From an economic perspective, immigration can be extremely positive
Many immigrants have skills that are needed in the country they move to
Immigrants who find work contribute to the economy of their new country
Many immigrants send money home to help family members
Immigration also creates cultural diversity
People of many different nationalities learn to live together
This can help people to become more open-minded and tolerant

Negatives of Immigration
Some people believe that immigrants take jobs that should go to local people
Some immigrant workers work longer hours for less money
Companies might pay lower salaries to immigrant workers
Unemployment rates could rise if there are too many immigrants

Opinions about Immigration

Immigration can help the economy of a country It can create multi-cultural societies
However, immigration needs to be controlled In many countries, immigrants need visas or
work permit
Governments should stop companies from exploiting immigrant workers
Foreign and local workers should have the right to equal pay and conditions

Positives of Globalisation
Businesses are becoming increasingly international
Multi-national companies do business across the world
Companies like MacDonald’s can be seen on high streets in most cities
Goods are produced in one country and sold in many others
A global economy means free trade between countries
This can strengthen political relationships
Globalisation can also create opportunities for employment It encourages investment in less
developed countries
It could reduce poverty in the developing world

Negatives of Globalisation
Globalisation is not always beneficial to everyone
Companies can move to countries where labour is cheap
This creates redundancies, or job losses
Employees cannot be confident that they have stable jobs
Companies sometimes exploit their employees in developing countries
Global trade creates more waste and pollution

The future of Globalisation

There should be global regulations for salaries and working conditions
Governments should impose laws to protect the environment