(a) Country Bus Company

A Country bus Company owns a number of buses. Each bus is allocated to

a particular route, although Some routes may have Several buses. Each
route passes through a number of towns. One or more drivers are
allocated to each stage of a route, which corresponds to a journey through
some or all of the towns on a route. Some of the towns have a garage
where buses are kept and each of the buses are identified by the
registration number and can carry different numbers of passengers, since
the vehicles vary in size and can be single or double-decked. Each route is
identified by a route number and information is available on the average
number of passengers carried per day for each route. Drivers have an
employee number, name, address, and sometimes a telephone number.
Entities
 Bus – Company owns buses and will hold information about them.
 Route – Buses travel on routes and will need described.
 Town – Buses pass through towns and need to know about them.
 Driver – Company employs drivers, personnel will hold their data.
 Stage – Routes are made up of Stages. Garage –
 Garage houses buses, and need to know where they are.
Relationships
 A bus is allocated to a route and a route may have several buses.
 Bus-route (m:1) is serviced by a route comprises of one or more
stages.
 Route-Stage (1:m) Comprises One or more drivers are allocated to
each stage.
 Driver-stage (m:1) is allocated A Stage passes through some or all of
the towns on a route.
 Stage-town (min) passes-through. A route passes through some or all
of the towns.
 Route-town (min) passes-through Some of the towns have a garage.
 Garage-town (1:1) is situated Agarage keeps buses and each bus has
one home garage.
 Garage-bus (m:1) is garaged.

Draw ER Diagram
Attributes
 Fig. Bus Company
 Bus (reg-no, make, size, deck, no-pass)
 Route (route-no avg-pass)
 Driver (emp-no, name, address, tel-no)
 Town name)
 Stage (stage-no)
 Garage (name, address)

(b) A Crop farm Example

Rohit’s family owns and operates a 640-acre farm for several generations.
Since the farm business is growing, Rohit is thinking to build a database
that would make easier the management of the activities in the farm. He is
considering the following requirements for the database:
1. For each livestock classification group (for example, cow, horse etc.),
Rohit keeps track of the following: identification number, classification,
total number of livestock per classification group (for example, number
of cows, number of horses etc.).

2. For each crop the following information is recorded Crop identification

number and classification.
 3. Rohit has recorded the yield of each crop classification group during
the last ten years. The records consist of the year, yield, sales, price of
the crop and the amount of money earned.

4. Rohit has recorded the yield of each livestock classification group

during the last ten years. The records consist of the following historical
data: the year, (historical) selling price per head, number of livestock in
the end of the year, number of livestock sold during one-year period,
and the total amount of money earned.
Draw an E-R diagram for this application. Specify the key attribute of each
entity type.

(c) Airline Example

Major airlines companies that provide passenger services in Taiwan are:
UniAir, TransAsia Airways, Far Eastern Transport, Great China Airlines etc.
Taiwan’s Federal Aviation Administration (TFAA) keeps a database with lots
of information on all airlines. This information is made accessible to all
airlines in Taiwan with the intention of helping the Companies assess their
Competitive position in the domestic market. The information kept consists
of:
1. Each airpline has an identification number, name of the contact person
and telephone number.
2. For each aircraft identification number, capacity and model is recorded.
3. Each employee has an employee identification number, name, address,
birthday, sex, position with the company and qualification.
4. Each route has a route identification number, origin, destination,
classification (into domestic or international route), distance of the
route and price charged per passenger.
5. Each airline keeps information about their buy/sell transactions (for
example, selling an airplane ticket is a sell transaction, paying for
maintenance is a buy transaction). Each transaction has a transaction
identification number, date, description and amount of money
paid/received.

Draw an E-R diagram for the database presented above. Make Sure to
identify the associative entity (entities) and provide corresponding key
attribute (attributes).
Ans.

(d) Automobile Distribution Center

Ford distribution centers provide automotive parts to authorized dealers
and the dealers distribute the parts to Customers throughout North
America. Ford is faced with pressure to provide excellent Customer Service
at minimum Cost. Maintaining a well organized database of information,
will contribute to achieving this goal.
Ford keeps the following information about each of its distribution centers:
identification number, location (X longitude coordinate and Y latitude
coordinate), address (city, state, zip code) and name of the Contact
person. The following information is kept about each dealer: identification
number, dealer’s location (X longitude Coordinate and Y latitude
Coordinate), address (name of the city, State, zip Code), name of the
Contact person and the identification number of the primary distribution
centers serve this dealer.
A distribution center sends a shipment to its dealers every week. The
distribution centers keep the following information about each shipment
the date, an identification number of the product shipped, an identification
number of the dealer that receives the shipment.

The following information is kept about each product: a product

identification number name, price, weight, value.
Ford keeps the following information about the flow and cost data for all
distribution centers to dealer channels: distribution center identification
number, dealer identification number, product identification number, the
number of miles between each distribution center and its dealers using the
road network, the quantity of products being shipped and the dollar value
of the shipment.
Draw an ER diagram for the Ford database.
Ans.
 (e) Housing Society Example
The University Housing Office receives many applications from graduate
and married students requesting an apartment on campus. The housing
villages are sited in five different locations and each village has about 500
apartments. Each apartment falls into one of the apartment categories. An
apartment category is determined based on village location, whether the
apartment has dish washer or not, a single or double bedroom, central or
window unit air conditioner, furniture or not.
Housing officekeeps the following information about the Current residents:
the SSN of the family head, name, address, telephone number, marital
status, the name of the major college and department in which the family
head is enrolled in.
Housing office keeps the following information about the students that
have applied for in campus housing, but have not been assigned to an
apartment yet: SSN of the applicant, name, address, telephone number,
marital status, the name of the major college and department in which the
family head is enrolled in, the preference about the apartment category.
Draw an ER diagram for the University Housing Office database. State any
assumptions you need to make in order to develop a compete diagram.

Ans.
 (f) institution Example
This database includes information about the course timetable of an
academic institution. For each Course the following information is recorded
an identification number, name of the course, name of the teacher
assigned to teach the course, the number of periods each week it will be
taught, the number of
For each teacher the following information is recorded: SSN, name, name
of the department he/she works with, skills, the yearly salary. For each
class period the following information is recorded: period number, starting
time, ending time. For each room the following information is recorded:
room number, room type (classroom, office, auditorium, and computer
lab), capacity.