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UNTVERSITI
TEKNOLOGI
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COURSE PAB2O94- WELL COMPLETIONS

AND
PRODUGTION
DATE 2008(SATURDAY)
15 NOVEMBER
TIME 9.00AM - 12.00NOON(3 hours)

TO CANDIDATES
INSTRUCTIONS

1. AnswerFIVE(5) out of $lX (6) questionsfromthe QuestionBooklet.

2. BeginEACHansweron a new pagein the AnswerBooklet.
3. Indicateclearlyanswersthat are cancelled,if any.
4. Where applicable,show clearlystepstaken in anivingat the solutionsand
indicateALL assumptions.
5. Do not openthis QuestionBookletuntilinstructed.

Note : Thereare NINE(9) pagesin this QuestionBookletincludingthe cover

pageand appendix.

Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS

7,

PAB 2094

1. Explainthe followingterms used in the study of hydrocarbonwell's

productionperformance.

index
Productivity
[2 marks]

ii. Pressuredrawdown
[2 marksJ

iii. Absoluteopen-flowpotential
[2 marksJ

b. A reservoirhas been producingunder stabilizedflow conditionsat

1200 bbl/daywith a flowingbottom hole pressureof 1600 psi. The
average reservoir pressure is 3100 psi. Calculate the productivity
index.
[4 marks]

c. Determine the specific productivityindex for a well producing at

1500 bbl/day with a flowing bottom hole pressureof 2100 psi, at
reservoirthickness of 4O ft and an average reservoir pressure of
4000psi.
[5 marks]

d. lf a secondwell in the same oil field as in part (c) penetratesthe

reservoirat a locationwhere the reservoirthicknessis 50 ft, calculate
the flowing bottom hole pressure at the same rate as the well in
part (c).
[5 marks]

2
r-

PAB2094

2. An oil wellhas beendrilledby an Oil and Gas Company.When it was found

thattherewerethreeproductive
zonesin thiswell,it is requiredto accomplish
bottom-hole to producewellfluidfromthiswell.Well Completions
completions
would include packers and Sub Surface Safety Valves (SSSV). The
aboutthesethreeproductivezonesis listedin the TABLE Q2.
information

TABLE Q2
Specific
Productive Bottom-hole Type
Depth Gravityof
Zone Pressure of Fluid
Fluid
Zone 1 7000 ft. 2000psi Oil+Gas 0.76

Zone 2 7050 ft. 2300psi Oil+Gas 0.76

Zone3 7150ft. 2700psi Oil+Gas 0.8

a. What type of well completionscan you install in this well? Draw

sketchesof the completionsand explainbrieflyif the Companyplansto
produce:

From Zone 1 only.

[3 marksJ

ii. From Zone 1 and Zone2 simultaneously.

[5 marks]

iii. From Zonel, ZoneZ,and Zone3 simultaneously.

[7 marks]

b. List FIVE (5) factors that need to be considered

when choosing
differenttypes of completions.
[5 marks]

3
 kP *.^9 PAB2094

3 when sand is producedtogetherwith welr fruid,

erosion and corrosion
problemswouldoccurat equipmentusedin the
wellfluidproductionsystem.

a. DeflneTWO (2) sandcontroltechniques.

[4 marks]

b. Drawa sketchof srotted

pipeandexptain
itsprincipres.
[5 marks]

c. Describethe constructionof a wirewrappedscreen

and its functions
and usage.

[5 marksJ

d. Discuss the process and surface operation procedure

for gravel
packing.

[6 marks]
 PAB 2094

4. a. Compare the matrix acidising and fracturing treatments when

treatmenton a well.
carryingout a stimulation
considering
[5 marks]

b. ExplainTWO (2) sourcesof formationdamageencountered

during;

drillingand completionoperations
[3 marks]

ii. production
oPerations
[3 marks]

c. Yourservicecompanyhas designedthe followingfracturingtreatments

as listedin TABLE Q4.
TABLE Q4
Wellboreradius,r. 0.328ft
Reservoirheight,fr 100 ft (boundedby competent
shales)
Reservoirpermeability,
& 0.1m D
Proppantavailable 300 000 tb
DesignfractureconductivitY,TreatmentA
kf-w - 1500mD.ft at 4',bffi2
proppantloading
TreatmentB
- 850mD.ft at 2lbtt(
proppantloading

Using Cinco-Leyand Samaniegoplot in FIGURE Q4, advise

your managementwhethertreatmentA or B will givethe highest
well productivities.
(Hint Comparebothfractureskin,Sj
[6 marks]

5.
 PAB2094

\ ti

\
3
J

;
(t t I
L
1
-

0 .1 10 100
F6e= kf-w
k.(Lf)

FIGUREQ4

ii. Justifyyouranswerin part (cXi)?

[3 marks]

I
 PAB2094

5. a. Explain THREE (3) reservoir uncertaintiesfaced by production

engineers.
[6 marks]

b. An initialwell test in a reservoirgave a stabilizedoil flow rate of

8860 bopd for a stabilized flowing bottomhole pressure of
1523 psi with a skin factorof zero.After 18 monthsof production,
the
flowingbottomholepressurewas 1305psi to maintainthe same initial
productionrate.TABLE Q5b showsthe reservoirdata.

TABLE Qsb
Oil permeability,
ko 95 mD
Formation
thickness,
ft 164ft
p,
Oil viscosity, 1.3cp
Externalradius,r" 1181ft
Wellboreradius,r, 0.49ft
Oilformationvolumefactor,Bo 1.21res bbl/stb
Averagereservoirpressure 2466 psi

Assuming the inflow performanceis a pseudo-steady-state

flow
condition:

Checkthe validityof the giveninitialoil flowrate.

[8 marks]

ii. Calculatethe mechanical

skinfactorfor thiswell after18 months
of production.
[6 marks]

7
 PAB2094

6. A well is partiallycompletedwith only 4.92 ft perforatedout of a total of

18.04ft net pay thickness.The resultsfromthe buildupanalysisindicatesas
apparentskin,.S'of 5.0, suggestingwellboredamage.Reservoirdata are
tabulated
in TABLEQ6.

TABLE Q6
Paythickness 18.04ft
Perforatedinterval 4.92ft
penetration
Fractional 0.27
Horizontalto verticalpermeabilityratio,KJKa 100
Wellboreradius 0.2493ft
lnitialreservoirpressure 141.1psi
flowingpressure
Bottomhole 70.3psi
Pressuredropdueto skin 33.1psi
Testgas rate(partialcompletion) 10 x 10"m"/d

a. Calculatethe skinfactordue to partialpenetration,

Sofor thiswell if it
has the followingK"/Knratio:

1 ,1 0 ,5 0a n d1 00.
[8 marks]

ii. Explainthe effectof K"/Knratioon the Sr.

[2 marks]

b. Determinethe improvementin productivityif entire payzone is

perforated.
[10marks]

- E NDOF PAPER.

8
 for Steady-State
Relationship
lnflowPerformance flowcondition
\
l4l.ZaBul
=*#[t";.',J
P,-P,4

Relationship
lnflowPerformance flowcondition
for Pseudo-Steady-State
= - - l 4 t.2 q B p (rn L -l *r)
P- P, ,'1'= 4' - )
kh :[,,'''

k w
ty,F"r='.t,"*
Fractureconductivi Zr= Fracture
Fracturehalf length
length

proppant
FractureLength=
Ioading fracture _ height
x

P'- \t - M'a'
Ffowefficiency-
P,- P*t