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BRITISH STANDARD BS 1042 :

F"----- . . ,e .--.-A*31 3ection 1.1 :


L992
[SO 5167-1 :
L991

Measurement of fluid
flow in closed conduits
Part 1. Pressure differential devices

Section 1.1 Specification for


square-edged orifice plates, nozzles, and
Venturi tubes insertedin circular
cross-section conduits runningfull

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BS 1042 : Section 1.1 : 1992

Committees responsible for this


British Standard

The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the


Industrial-process Measurement and Control Standards Policy Committee
(PCL/-) to Technical Committee PCL/2, upon which the following bodies were
represented:

British Compressed Air Society


British Gas plc
Department of Energy (Gas and Oil Measurement Branch)
Department of Trade and Industry (National Engineering Laboratory)
Electricity Industry in United Kingdom
Energy Industries Council
GAMBICA (BEAMA Ltd.)
Institute of Measurement and Control
Institute of Petroleum
Institute of Trading Standards Administration
Institution of Gas Engineers
Institution of Mechanical Engineers
Society of British GasIndustries
Water Services Association of England and Wales

The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard,
through subcommittees andpanels:

Engineering Equipment and Materials Users’ Association


Institution of Water and Environmental Management
United Kingdom Offshore Operators’ Association

This British Standard, having


been prepared under the
direction of the
Industrial-process Measurement
and Control Standards Policy
Committee, was published
under the authorityof the
Standards Board and into Amendments issuedsince publication
effect on
15 July 1992 Amd. No. Date Text affected
I I
O BSI 1992
First published March 1981
Second edition July 1992

The followipg BSI references


relate to thework on this
standard:
Committee referencePCU2
Draft for comment89124308 DC

ISBN O 680 21001 4


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BS 1042 : Section 1.1 : 1992

Contents

Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
National foreword iii
Specification
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 2.
3 Definitions 2
4 Symbols and subscripts 5
5 Principle of the method of measurement and computation 6
6 General requirements for the measurements 7
7 Installationrequirements 8'
8 Orifice plates 16
9 Nozzles 23
10 Venturi tubes 28
11 Uncertainties on the measurement of flow-rate 37
Annexes
A (informative) Thblesof discharge coefficients and expansibility
factors [expansion] 39
B (informative) Classical Venturi tubes used outside the scope of this
part of IS0 6167 56
C (informative)
Pressure loss in a classical Venturi tube 67
59 D
computations
Iterative
(informative)
E (informative) Examples of values of the pipe wall uniform equivalent
roughness, k 61
'Pdbles
1 Required straight lengths for orifice plates, nozzles and Venturì
nozzles 10
2 Required straight lengths for classical Venturi tubes 11
3 Upper limits of relative roughness of the upstream pipeline for orifice
plates 21
4 Upper limits of relative roughness of the upstream pipeline for
ISA 1932 nozzles 25
5 Upper limits of relative roughness of the upstream pipeline for
Venturi nozzles 36
A . l Orifice plate with corner tappings - Discharge coefficient, C 39
A.2 Orifice plate with D and DM tappings - Discharge coefficient, C 40
A.3 Orifice plate with flange tappings- Discharge coefficient, C,for
D = 5 O m 41
A.4 Orifice plate with flange tappings- Discharge coefficient, C, for
D = 75mm 42
A.5 Orifice plate with flange tappings- Discharge coefficient, C, for
D = 100 mm 43
A.6 Orifice plate with flange tappings - Discharge coefficient, C, for
D = 160 m 44
A.7 Orifice plate with flange tappings - Discharge coefficient, C, for
D = 200 mm 46
A.8 Orifice plate with flange tappings- Discharge coefficient, C, for
D =. 250 mm 46
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BS 1042 : Section 1.1 : 1992

Page
A.9 Orifice plate with flange tappings - Discharge coefficient, C, for
D = 375 mm 47
A.10Orifice plate with flange tappings - Discharge coefficient, C, for
D = 760 mm 48
A.llOrifice plate with flange tappings - Discharge coefficient, C, for
49 D = 1000 mm
nozzle
A.12ISA
1932 - Discharge coefficient, C 50
A.13Long radius nozzle - Discharge coefficient, C 51
A.14Orifice plates - Expansibility [expansion] factor, E I 52
A.l5Nozzles, Venturi nozzles and Venturi tubes - Expansibility
[expansion] factor, E I 53
A.16Venturi nozzles - Discharge coefficient, C 54
B. 1 Values of the discharge coefficient C and the uncertainty as a
function of R q 55
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B.2 Values of the discharge coefficient C and the uncertainty as a


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function of R e d 56
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B.3 Values of the discharge coefficient C and the uncertainty as a


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function of 56
of E. 1 Values k 61
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Figures
1 Type A “Zanker” conditioner 12
2 Type B and type C conditioners 13
3 Type D and type E straighteners 14
---

4 Standard orifice plate 16


5 Spacing of pressure tappings for orifice plates with D and D / 2
pressure tappings or flange tappings 19
6 Corner tappings 20
7 ISA 1932nozzle 24
8 Long radius nozzles 26
9 Geometric profile of the classical Venturi tube 29
10 Pressure loss across a classical Venturi tube 34
11 Venturi nozzles 35
12 Venturi nozzle fitted with a carrier ring 36
C.1 Values of the pressure loss across a classical Venturi tube 58

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BS 1042 : Section 1.1 : 1992

National foreword

This Section of BS 1042 has been prepared under the direction of the
Industrial-process Measurementand Control Standards Policy Committee, It
supersedes BS 1042 : Section 1.1 : 1981 whichis withdrawn. It is identical with
IS0 5167-1 : I 9 9 1 Measur- offluidflow by m a n s of pressure differential
devices Part 1 W@ce p l a h , nozzles and Venturi tubes i n s w t e d in circular
cross-sectionconduits runningfull, published by the InternationalOrganization
for Standardization(ISO).
This is Section 1.1of a series of Sections of BS 1042 onthe measurement of fluid
flow in closed conduits, as follows:
Section 1.2Spec@Tcationf o r sqaare-edged or$fìceplutes and mxxles (with
drain holes, in pipes below 50 mm diameter; as inlet and-outlet devices) and
other orifice plates
Section 1.3 Method of masur- of gasjluw by means of critical flow
venturi nozzles
Section 1.4Guide to the m e of devices specified in Sections l .1 and 1.2
Section l.5 Ouide to the effect of m a r t u r efrom the conditions specgied in
Section l .1
An index to Sectionsl.1, 1.2 and 1.4 is provided in Section 1.4, to facilitate the
rapid cross-referencingof subject matter.
Cross-references
InternationalstandardCorresponding British Standard
IS0 4006 : 1991 BS 5876 : 1991-Glossaryof temnsand symbolsfor
measurtmcmt offluidjbw in closed conduits
(Identical)
NOTE. Reference in the text toIS0 5168 is to therevised edition currentlyin preparation. The
current editionof IS0 5168 is implemented as BS 5844 : 1980,which w i
lbe superseded by a
revision when therevision of IS0 5168 is published.

itself confer immunity from


Compliance with a British Standard does not of
legal obligations.
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B S I BS*l1042: SEC*J.L 92 Lh24hh9 0298837 O I

INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD IS0 5167-1A 991(E)

Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential


devices -
Part 1:
Orifice plates, nozzles and Venturi tubes inserted in circular
cross-section conduits running full

1 Scope I S 0 5167 cannot be used for pipe sizes less than


50 mm or more than 1 200 mm or for pipe Reynolds
numbers below 3 150.
Thispart of IS0 5167 specifiesthegeometryand
method ofuse (installation and operating conditions) It deals with devices for which direct calibration ex-
oforificeplates,nozzlesandVenturitubeswhen perimentshavebeen made,sufficient in number,
they are inserted in a conduit running full to deter- spread and quality to enable coherent systems of
mine the flow-rate of the fluid flowing in the conduit. application to bebased on theirresultsand .co-
It alsogivesnecessaryinformationforcalculating efficients to be given with certain predictable limits
the flow-rate and its associated uncertainty. of uncertainty.
It appliesonly to pressuredifferentialdevices in Thedevicesintroducedintothepipearecalled
whichtheflowremainssubsonicthroughoutthe “primarydevices”. The termprimarydevice also
‘measuringsectionandissteady or variesonly includesthepressuretappings. All otherinstru-
slowlywithtime andwherethefluidcanbecon- ments or devices required for the measurement are
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sidered as single-phase. In addition, each of these


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known as
“secondary
devices”. This part of
devices can only be used within specified limits of
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I S 0 5167 coversprimary devices;


secondary
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pipesizeandReynoldsnumber. Thus thispart of devices’) will be mentioned only occäsicnally,


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1) See I S 0 2186:1973, Fluid flow in closed conduits - Connections for pressure signal transmissions between primary and
secondary elements.

1
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B S I BS*1042: SEC*1-1 9 2 E 1624669 0 2 9 8 8 3 8 2 m
IS0 5167-1:1991(E)

The different primary devices dealt with in this part The followingdefinitionsaregivenonly for terms
of IS0 5167 are as follows: used in some special sense or for terms the mean-
ing of which it seems useful to emphasize.
orificeplates,whichcanbeusedwith corner
pressure
tappings, D and 012 pressure
tappings*), and flange pressure tappings: 3.1 Pressuremeasurement

ISA 1932 nozzles3), andlongradiusnozzles, 3.1.1 wail pressure tapping: Annular orcircular
which differ in shape and in the position of the hole drilled in the wail of a conduit in such a way
pressure tappings;
that the edge of the hole is flush with the internal
surface of the conduit.
classicalVenturi tubes4), andVenturinozzles,
which differ in shape and in the position of the The hole is usually circular but in certain cases may
pressure tappings. be an annular slot.

Normatlve references
3.1.2staticpressure of afluidflowingthrougha
The followingstandardscontainprovisionswhich, straightpipeline, p : Pressurewhichcan be meas-
through reference in this text, constitute provisions ured by connectingapressuregauge to a wall
of this part of IS0 5167. At the time of publication, pressuretapping.Onlythevalue of theabsolute
the editions indicated were valid. All standards are static pressure is considered in this part ofIS0 5167.
subject to revision, and parties to agreements based
on this part of IS0 5167 are encouraged to investi-
gate the possibility of applying the most recent edi- 3.1.3 differentialpressure, Ap: Differencebetween
tions of the standards indicated below. Members of the (static) pressures measured at the wall pressure
IEC and I S 0 maintainregistersofcurrentlyvalid tappings, one of which is on the upstream side and
International Standards. the other of which is on the downstream side of a
primary device (or in the throat for a Venturi tube)
IS0 468:1982, Surface roughness - Parameters, their insertedin astraightpipethroughwhichflowoc-
values general
and rules for specifying curs, when any difference in height between the up-
requirements. streamanddownstreamtappingshasbeentaken
into account.
IS0 4OO6:1991, Measurement of fluid flow in closed
In this part of IS0 5167 the term “differential press-
conduits - Vocabulary and symbols.
ure” is used only if the pressure tappings are in the
positionsspecifiedforeachstandard primary de-
ISS, 5168:--6), Measurement of fluid flow - €valuation
vice.
of uncertainties.

3 Definltlons 3.1.4 pressure ratio, T: Ratio of the absolute (static)


pressure at the downstream pressure tapping to the
For the purposes of this part of I S 0 5167, the defi- absolute (static) pressure at the upstream pressure
nitions given in I S 0 4006 apply. tapping.
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2) Orlflce plates with vena contracta pressure tappings are not considered in this part of IS0 5167.
3) ISA Is the abbreviation for the International Federation of the National Standardizing Associations, which was suc-
ceeded by I S 0 ln 1946.
4) In the USA the classical Venturi tube is sometimes called the Herschel Venturi tube.
5) To be published. (Revision of I S 0 5168:1978)

2
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:I
I S 0 51 67-1 991 (E)

3.2 Primary devices 3.3.2


Reynolds
number, Re: Dimensiònlesspar-
ameter expressing the ratio between the inertia and
3.2.1orifice;throat: Opening ofminimum cross- viscous forces.
sectional area of a prlmary device.
The Reynolds number used in this part of I S 0 5,167
Standardprimarydeviceorificesarecircularand is referred to
--

coaxial with the pipeline.


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- either the upstream condition of the fluid and the


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3.2.2 orificeplate: Thin platelnwhichacircular upstream diameter of the pipe,¡.e,


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aperture has been machined.


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Standardorifice
plates
are
described
as
“thin
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plate” and “with sharp square edge”, because the.


thickness of the plate Is small compared with the - or the orifice or throat diameter of the primary
diameter of the measuring section and because the device, ¡.e.
upstream edge of the orifice Is sharp and square.
Re,
Re, = -
---

3.2.3 nozzle: Device which consists of a convergent P


inletconnectedtoacylindricalsectiongenerally
called the “throat”. 3,3.3isentropicexponent, K: Ratio of therelative
variation in pressure to the corresponding relative
3.2.4 Venturi tube: Device which consists of a con- variationindensityunderelementaryreversible
vergent Inlet connected to a cylindrical part called adiabatic (isentropic) transformation conditions.
the“throat” andanexpandingsectioncalledthe
“divergent” which is conical. The isentropic exponent K appears in the different
formulae for the expansibility [expansion] factor E
IftheconvergentinletisastandardizedISA 1932 and varies with the nature of the gas and with its
nozzle, the device Is called a “Venturi nozzle”. If the temperature and pressure;
convergentinlet ik conical,thedevice is’ calleda
“classical Venturi tube”. Therearemanygasesandvapoursforwhichno
values for K have been published so far. In such a
3.2.5diameterratio of aprimarydeviceusedina case, for the purposes of this part of IS0 5167, -the
given pipe, P: Ratio of the diameterof the orifice (or ratio of the specific heat capacities of ideal gases
throat) of the primary device to the internal diameter can be used in place of the isentropic exponent.
of the measuring pipe upstream of the primary de-
vice. 3,3.4 dischargecoefficient, C Coefficient,defined
foran incompressible fluid flow, which relates the
However, when the primary device has a cylindrical actual flow-rate to the theoretical flow-rate through
section upstream, having the same diameter as that a device. It is given by the formula
of the pipe (as in the case of the classical Venturi
tube), the diameter ratio is the quotient of the throat
diameter and the diameter of this cylindrical section
at the plane of the upstream pressure tappings.
Calibration of standard primary devices by means
3.3
Flow of incompressible fluids (liquids) shows that thedis-
charge
coefficient
dependent
is only on
the
3.3.1 rate of flow of fluid passing through a prlmary Reynolds numberforagivenprimarydevice in a
device, q: Mass or volume of fluid passing through given installation.
the orifice (or throat) per unit time: in all cases it is
necessary to state explicitly whether the mass rate The numerical value of C is the same for different
of flow qm, expressed in mass per unit time, or the installationswheneversuchinstallationsare ge-
volume rate of flow qv, expressed in volume per unit ometrically similar and the flows are characterized
time, is being used. by identical Reynolds numbers.

3 -
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B S I BS*L042: S E C * L - L 9 2 IL 6 2 4 6 6 9 0 2 9 8 8 4 0 O 8

I S 0 5167-1 :1991(E)

The equations for the numerical values of C given in determined by. directcalibrationcarriedoutwith
this part of IS0 5167 are based on data determined liquids for the same value of the Reynolds number,
experimentally. by the expansibility [expansion] factor E.

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NOTE i The quantity 1 14- is called the "velocity E is equal to unity when the fluid is incompressible

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of approach factor" and the product and is less than unity when the fluidIs compressible.
c This method is possible because experiments show
J&- that E ispracticallyindependentofthe Reynolds
number and, for a given diameter ratio of a given

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Is called the "flow coefficient". primary device, E only depends on the differential
pressure,staticpressureandtheisentropic ex-

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3.3.5 expansibility [expanslon] factor, E: Coefficient ponent.
used to take into account the compressibility of the

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fluid. It is given by the formula The numerical values of E for orifice plates given in

--
this part of I S 0 5167 are based on data determined
experimentally. For nozzles and Venturi tubes they
are basedonthethermodynamic generalenergy
equation.
Calibration of a given primary device by means of a
3.3.6 arithmetical
mean
deviation of the
compressible fluid (gas), shows that the ratio
(roughness)proflie, R,: Arithmeticmeandeviation
from the mean line of the profile being measured.
The mean line is such that the sum of the squares
of the distances between the effective surface and
the mean line is a minimum. In practice R, can be
is dependent on the value of the Reynolds number measuredwithstandardequipmentformachined
as well as on the values of the pressure ratio and surfaces but can only be estimated for rougher sur-
the isentropic exponent of the gas. faces of pipes. (See also IS0 468.)

The methodadopted for representingthesevari- For pipes,theuniformequivalentroughness k is


ationsconsists of multiplyingthedischarge coef- used. This value can be determined experimentally
ficient C of theprimarydeviceconsidered, as (see 8.3.1) or taken from tables (see annex E).

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IS0 5167-1:1991(E) .

4 Symhols and subscripts

4.1 Symbols
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Symbol Quantlty Dimcnslonl) SI Unlt


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c Coefflclent of dlscharge . dlrnenslonless -


d Dlameter of orlfice (or throat) of prlmary device at working con- L m
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dltions
D Upstream Internal pipe dlameter (or upstream dlameterof a clas- L m
slcal Venturi tube) at working condltlons . . .
. .

e Relatlve uncertainty dlmenslonless -


k Uniform equlvalent roughness L m
---

I Pressure tapplng
spaclng , L m
L Relatlve pressure tapplng spacing dlmenslonless -
L = TI

P Absolute statlc pressure of the fluid Pa


Qm Mass rate of flow MT-1 kgls
4v Volume rate of flow L3 T-1 m3/s
R Radius L m
Ra Arlthmetlcai mean devlatlon of the (roughness) profile L m.
Re Reynolds number dlrnenslonless -

ReD Reynolds number referred to D dlmenslonless -

Red Reynolds number referred to d dlmenslonless -


t Temperature of the fluid o "C
U Mean axial veloclty of the fluid In the pipe LT-1 mls
ß Diameter ratio dlmenslonless
ß=-d
D

Y Ratlo of specific heat capacitles2) dlmenslonless


6 Absolute uncertainty 3)

AP Differential pressure M L-" T-2


Aw Pressure loss ML-1 T-2
E Expanslbillty [expansion J factor dlmenslonless
K isentropic exponentz) dlrnenslonless
P Dynamic viscosity of the.fluid ML-1 T-2
V Klnematlc viscosity of the fiuld L2 T-1
P

c Relatlve pressure loss dlmenslonless


e Density of the fluid M L-3
7 Pressure ratio dlmenslonless

r = - P2
P1

(P Total angle of the divergent section dimenslonless

1) M = mass, L = length, T = time, 0 = temperature.


2) y Is the ratio of the specific heat capaclty at constant pressure to the specific heat capaclty at constant volume,.For Ideal gases,
the ratlo of the specific heat capaclties and the lsentroplc exponent have the same value (see 3.3.3). These values depend on the na-
ture of the gas.
3) The dimenslons and unlts are those of the corresponding quantlty.

5
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IS0 5167-1A991(E)

4.2 Subscrlpts 5.2 Method of determlnatlon of the


dlameter
ratlo of the selected standard primary devlce

In practice, when determining the diameter ratio of


Upstream a primary element to installed
be in
given
apipeline,
C and E used in the basic formulae (1) and (2) are,
Downstream
in general, not known. Hence the following shall be
selected a priori:

- the type of primary device to be used:

5 Principle Of the method Of measurement - arateof flowandthecorrespondingvalue ofthe


and pressure. differential
The related values of q,,, and Ap are then inserted in
the basic formulae rewritten in the form
5.1 Prlnclple of the method of measurement
CEß2 - 4%
The principleofthemethodofmeasurementis J- - =D2&&
based on the installation of a primary device (such
as an orifice plate, a nozzle or a Venturi tube) into
a pipeline in which a fluid is running full. The instal- in which Q and E can be inserted for either upstream
lation of the primary devicecauses a static pressure or downstreamconditions ( e , and sl, or e2 and E*)
and the diameter ratio of the selected primary de-
--

difference between the upstream side and the throat


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or downstream side of the device. The rate of flow vice can be determined by iteration (see annex D).
|

.can be determined from the measured value of this


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pressure difference and from the knowledge of the


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characteristics oftheflowingfluid as well as the


circumstancesunderwhichthedevice is being 5.3 Computation of rate of flow
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used. It is assumed that the device is geometrically


similar to one on which calibration has been carried Tables A.l to A.16 are given for convenience: tables
out and that the conditions of use are the same, ¡.e. A.l to A.13 give the values of C as a function of ß,
that it Is in accordance with this part of I S 0 5167. Re, and D for orifice plates and nozzles, tables A.14
and A.15 give orifice,
nozzleand
Venturi
tube
---

The mass rate of flow can be determined, since it is expansibility factors E ! , and tableA.16 gives values
related to the differential pressure within the uncer- of Venturinozzledischargecoefficients. They are
tainty limits stated ln this part of I S 0 5167, by one not intended for precise interpolation. Extrapolation
of the following formulae: is not permitted.
. . . (1) Computationoftherate of flow,whichisapurely
arithmetic process, is effected by replacing the dif-
ferent terms on the right-hand side of the basic for-
or mula (1) or (2) by their numerical values.
NOTES

2 Except for the case of Venturi tubes, C may be de-


pendent on Re, which i s itself dependenton qm. In such
where c2 and E2 arereferred to thedownstream cases the final value of C, and hence of 9m,has to be ob-
conditions. tained by iteration. Seeannex D for guidance regarding
the choice of the iteration procedure and initial estimates.
Note that
3 A p representsthe differential pressure, as defined in
3.1.3.

4 The diameters d and D mentioned in the formulae are


thevaluesofthediameters at theworkingconditions.
Similarly, the value of the volume rate of flow can Measurementstaken at any otherconditionsshould be
be calculated since corrected for any possible expansion or contractionof the
primarydevice andthe pipe duetothevaluesofthe
qrn . . . (3) temperature and pressure of the fluid during the meas-
4 v = p urement.
where e is the fluid density at the temperature and 5 It is necessary to knowthe density andthe viscosity
pressure for which the volume is stated. of the fluid at the working conditions.

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. . . . I

BSI BS*1042: SEC*1.L 9 2 W 1 6 2 4 6 6 9 0298843 b W

991(E)
I S 0 5167-1:I

5.4 Determination of density 5.4.3 Any method of determining reliable values of


thedensity,staticpressure,temperatureandvis-
It is necessary to know the density of the fluid at the 'cosity of the fluid is acceptable if it does not interfere
plane oftheupstreamordownstreampressure with the distribution of the flow in any way at the
tapping; it caneitherbemeasureddirectly or be measuring cross-sectíon.
calculated from a knowledge of the static pressure,
temperature and characteristics of the fluid at the 5.4.4 The temperature oftheprimarydevice and
appropriate plane. However, it is considered that the that of the fluid upstream of the primary device are
upstreampressuretappingwillprovidethemost assumed to be the same(see 7.1.9).
consistent results.
6 Generalrequirements for the
measurements
5.4.1 The staticpressure ofthefluidshallbe
measuredintheplaneoftheupstreamor down- In order to comply with this part of I S 0 5167 the fol-
stream pressure tapping by means of an individual lowing requirements shall be met..
pipe-wall pressure tapping (as described in 8.2.1) or
by means of carrier ring tappings (see figure6). 6.1 Primary device
6.1.1 The primarydeviceshall bemanufactured,
5.4.1.1 The static pressure tapping shall preferably installed and used in accordance with this part of
be separate from the tappings provided for measur- I S 0 5167.
ing the components of the differential pressure, un-
lesstheintentionis tomeasureupstream and When themanufacturingcharacteristicsandcon-
downstream pressures separately. ditions of use of the primary devices are outsidethe
limits given in this part of I S 0 5167, -it is necessary
It is,however, permissibletolinksimultaneously to calibrate the primary device separately under the
onepressuretappingwithadifferentialpressure actual condltions of use.
measuring device and a static pressure measuring
device, provided that it is verified that this double 6.1.2The condition of the primary device shall be
connectiondoesnotlead to any distortion ofthe checked after each measurement or after each se-
differential pressure measurement. ries of measurements, or at intervals close enough
to each other so thatconformitywiththispartof
I S 0 5167 is-maintained.
5.4.1.2 The staticpressurevalue to beused in
subsequent computations is that existingat the level It should be noted that. even apparently neutral fluids
of the centre of the measuring cross-section, which may form deposits or encrustations on primary de-
may differ from the pressure measured at the wall. vices. Resulting changes in the discharge coefficient
which can occur over a period of time can lead to
values outside the uncertainties given in this part of
I S 0 5167.
5.4.2 The temperature of the fluid shall preferably
be measureddownstreamoftheprimarydevice. 6.1.3 The primarydeviceshall bemanufactured
The thermometer well or pocketshallatake up as lit- from material the coefficient of expansion of which
tle space as possible. The distance between it and is known, except if the user decides that the vari-
the primary device shailbe at least equal to 5 0 (and ationsinthedimensions due to thetemperature
at most 1 5 0 when the fluid is a gas) if the pocket is changes may be neglected.
locateddownstream, and inaccordancewiththe
values given in table 1, columns 10 and li,if the
I pocket is located
upstream.
6.2 Nature of thefluid

Within the limits of application


of
this
part
of 6.2.1 The fluidmaybeeithercompressible (gas)
I S 0 5167 itmaygenerallybeassumedthatthe or considered as being incompressible (liquid).
downstream and upstream temperatures of the fluid
are the same at the differential pressure tappings. 6.2.2The fluidshallbesuchthatitcanbecon-
sidered as being.physicallyandthermallyhomo-
However, if the fluid is a gas, its upstream tempera- geneous and single-phase. Colloidal solutions with
ture may be calcuiated from the temperature meas- a high degree of dispersion (such as milk), and only
ured downstream (at a distance of5 0 to 150) of the thosesolutions,arëconsidered to behave as a
primary device. single-phase fluid.

. .

-- ||| | ||||||| | | | ||| |||| ||||||||||| | || || | | --- 7


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IS0 5167-1:1991(E)

6.2.3 To carry out the measurement, it is necessary The pipe is considered as straight when it appears
to know the density and viscosity of the fluid at the so by visual inspection. The requiredminimum
working conditions. straightlengths of pipe, which conform to thede-
scription above, vary according to the nature of the
6.3 Flow conditions fittings, the type of primary device and the diameter
ratio. They are specified in tables 1 and 2.
6.3.1 The rate of flow shall be constant or, in prac-
tice,shallvary onlyslightlyand slowlywithtime. 7.1.5 The pipe bore shall be circular over the entire
This part of I S 0 5167 does not provideforthe minimum length
of
straight
pipe
required. The
measurement of pulsating flow, which is the subject cross-section is taken to be circular if it appears so
of ISO/TR 33138). by visualinspection. The circularity of the outside
of the pipe can be taken as a guide, except in the
6.3.2 The uncertaintiesspecifiedinthispartof immediate vicinity of the primary device where spe-
IS0 5167 are valid only when there is no change of cial requirements shall apply according to the type
phase throughtheprimary device.Increasingthe of primary device used (see 7.5.1and 7.6.1).
bore or throat of the primary element will reduce the
differentialpressure,whichmaypreventachange Seamed pipe may be used provided that the internal
of phase. To determine whether or not there is a weld bead is parallel to the pipe axis throughout the
change of phase, the flow computation shall be car- length of the pipe and satisfies the special require-
riedout on theassumptionthattheexpansion is mentsforthetype of primary element. The seam
isothermal for liquids or isentropic for gases. shall not be situated in ,any sector o f f 30" centred
on any pressure tapping.
6.3.3 If the fluid is a gas, the pressure ratio as de-
fined in 3.1.4 shall be greater than or equal to 0,75. 7.1.6 The internaldiameter D of themeasuring
pipeshallcomplywiththevaluesgivenforeach
7 lnstallatlonrequirements type of primary device.

7.1 General 7.1.7 The insidesurface ofthemeasuringpipe


shall be cleanandfreefromencrustations,pitting
7.1.1 The methodof measurementappliesonly to and deposits, and shall conform with the roughness
fluidsflowingthroughapipeline of circular cross- criterion for at least a length of 1OD upstream and
section. 4 0 downstream of the primary device.

7,1.2 The pipe shall run full at the measuring sec- 7.1.8The pipe may be providedwithdrainholes
tion. and/or vent holes for the removal of solid deposits
and fluids other than the measured fluid. However,
7.1.3 The primary deviceshall be installedinthe there shall be no flow through the drain holes and

---
pipeline at a position such that the flow conditions

|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |
vent holes during the measurement of the flow.
immediately upstream approach those of a fully de-
velopedprofileandarefreefrom swirl (see 7.4). The drain holes and vent holes shall not be located
Such conditions can be expected to exist if the in- near to the primary device, unless it is unavoidable
stallationconforms to requirementsgiveninthis to do so. In such a case, the diameter of these holes
clause. shall be smaller than 0,08D and their location shall
| | | |||

be such thatthedistance,measuredonastraight
line from one of these holes to a pressure tapping
|||||||

7.1.4 The primarydeviceshall be fittedbetween


two sections of straight cylindrical pipe of constant of the primary deviceplacedonthesameside of
|

cross-sectionalarea, in which
thereis
no
ob- this primary device, is always greater than0,5D. The
|||

struction or branch connection (whether or not there axial planes of the pipe containing respectively the
--

is flow into or out of such connections during meas- centre-line of a pressure tapping and the centre-line
urement) other than those specified in this part of of a drain hole or vent hole shall be offset by at least
IS0 5167. 30".

6 ) lSO/TR 3313:1974, Measurement of pulsating fluid flow in a pipe by means of orifice plates, nozzles or Venturi tubes, in
particular in the case of sinusoidal or square wave intermittent periodic-type fluctuations.

8
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I S 0 5167-1:1991(E)

7.1.9 The pipe and the pipeflanges shall be lagged. shall be added arithmetically to the uncertainty on
it is, however, unnecessary to lag the pipe when the the. discharge coeMcient.
temperature of the fluid,betweentheInlet of the
minimum straight length of the upstream pipe and 7.23Ifthestraightlengthsareshorterthanthe
theoutletoftheminimumstraightlengthofthe “0,5 % additional uncertainty”*) values given in ta-
downstreampipe,doesnotexceedanylimiting . bles l and 2, this part of I S 0 5167 gives no infor-
valueforthe accuracy of flowmeasurementre- mation by
which to predictthe
value
of any
quired. additional Uncertainty to be taken into account; this

---
is also the casewhen the upstream and downstream

|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |
7.2 Minimumupstrsamanddownstream straight lengths are both shorter than the “zero ad-
straight lengths required for installation ditional uncertainty”7) values,
between various fittings and the primary device
7.2.6 The valves mentioned in tables 1 and 2 shall
be fully open. It is recommended that control of the
7.2.1 The minimumstraightlengthsaregivenin

| | | |||
flow-rate be effected by valves located downstream
tables 1 and 2.
of the primary device. Isolating valves located up-

|||||||
The minimum straight lengths specified in table2 for stream shall be fully open and shall be preferably
of the “gate” type.

|
classical Venturi tubes are less than those specified

|||
in table 1 for oriflce plates, nozzles and Venturi noz-

--
zles for the following reasons: 7.2.7 Afterasinglechange ofdirection(bend or
tee), itisrecommendedthat ifpairsof single
a) they are derived from different experimental re- tappingsareusedtheybeinstalled so thattheir
sults and different correlation approaches; axes are perpendicular to the plane of the bend or
tee.
b) theconvergentportion of theciassicaiVenturi
tubeisdesigned to obtainamoreuniform ve-
locityprofile at thethroat of thedevice. Tests 7.2.8 The values given in tables 1 and 2 were ob-
haveshownthatwithidentical diameter ratios, tainedexperimentallywith a verylongstraight
theminimumstraight lengthsupstream of the length upstream of the particular fitting in question
classicalVenturitubemaybelessthanthose and so it could be assumed that the flow upstream
requiredfororificeplates,nozzlesandVenturi of the disturbance was virtually fully developed and
nozzles. swirl-free. Since in practice such conditions are dif-
ficult to achieve, the following information may be
7.2.2The straightlengthsgiven lntables 1 and 2 used as a guide for normal installation practice.
are minimum values, and the use of straight lengths
longer
than
those
indicated
always
is rec- a) If the primary device is installed ina pipe leading
ommended. For research work in particular, straight from an upstream open space or large vessel,
lengths of at least twice the upstream values given eitherdirectly or throughanyfitting,thetotal
in tables 1 and 2 are recommended for “zero addi- length of pipe between the open .space and the
tional uncertainty”7). primary device shall never be less than 3009),If
any fitting is installed, then the straight lengths
given in table 1 or 2 shall also apply betweenthis
7.2.3When thestraightlengthsareequal toor fitting and the primary device.
longer than the values given in tables 1 and 2 for
“Zer0additionalUnCerta~nty”7),there ¡S no need t0 b) If severalfittingsotherthan go? bendsl0) are
add any additional deviation to the discharge coef- placed in series upstream from the primary de-
ficientuncertainty to take account of the effect of vice, the following rule shall be‘ applied: between
such installation conditions. the fitting (1) closest to the primary device and
the primary device itself, there shall be a minl-
7.2.4When theupstream or downstreamstraight mum straight length such as is indicated for the
lengthisshorterthanthe “zeroadditionaluncer- fitting (1) in question and for the actual values of
tainty”7) values and equal to or greaterthanthe P in table 1 or 2. But, in addition, between this
“0,5 ?Lo additional uncertainty”*] values, as given in fitting (1) and the preceding one (2) there shall
tables 1 and 2, an additionaluncertaintyof 0,5 oib be a straight length equalto one-half of thevalue

7) Values without parentheses in tables 1 and 2.


8) Values in parentheses in tables 1 and 2.
9) In the absence of experimental data, it seemed wise to adopt for classical Venturi tubes the conditions required for
orifice plates and nozzles.
I O ) In the case of several 90” bends, refer to tables 1 and 2 which can be applied whatever the length between two con-
secutive bends.

9
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I S 0 5167-1 A991 (E)

Table 1 - Requlred straight lengths for orifice plates, nozzles and Venturi nozzles
Values expressed as rnultlples of D

u)

-- ||| | ||||||| | | | ||| |||| ||||||||||| | || || | | ---

10
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IS0 51 67-1A991 (E)

Table 2 - Required straight lengths for classlcai Venturl tubes


Values expressed as rnUltlpleS of D
Dlameter ratio Full bore ball or
TWO more
or Two Or Reducer 3 0 to Expander 0,751)
'Ingle 90" bends In lhe bends ln D over a lenggh to D over a gate valve fully
ß bend*) same plane*) d,mrent of 3 3 0 lenglh of D open
planes*) **I

*) The radius of curvature of the bend shall be greater than or equal to-the plpe diameter.
**IAs the effect of these flttlngs may stlll be present after 400, no values without parentheses can be glven.
a*.)
Since no flttlng can be placed closer than 0,5Dto the upstream pressure tapplng In the Venturl tube, the "zero addltlonal uncer-
talnty" values are the only ones applicable In this case.

NOTES
1 The mlnlmum stralght lengths requlred are the lengths between varlous flttlngs located upstream of thë classlcal Venturl tube and
the classlcai Venturi tube Itself. All straight lengths shall be measured from the Upstream pressure tapplng plane of the classlcäl
Venturl tube. The plpe roughness, at least over the length Indicated ln this table, shall not exceed that of a smooth, commefclally
available pipe (approxlmately k/D ).
2 Values without parentheses are "zero addltlonal uncertainty'' values (see 7.2.3).
3 Values In parentheses are "0,5 % additional uncertalnty" values (see 7.2.4).
4 For downstream stralght lengths, flttlngs or other disturbances (as Indicated In this table) sltuated at least four throat diameters
downstream of the throat pressure tapplng planedo not affect the accuracy of the measurement.

given in table 1 or 2 for fitting (2) for a primary vice and the disturbance or fitting closest to the pri-
device of diameter ratio fi = 0,7 whateverthe mary device. Unless it can be verified that the flow
actual value of P may be. This requirement does conditions at the inlet of the primary device conform
not apply when the fitting (2) is an abrupt sym- withtherequirements of 7.1,3, thestraightlength
metrical reductior;, the case of which is covered between this fitting and the conditioner itself shall
by a) above. be equal to at least 200,and t h e straight length be-
tween the conditioner and the primary device shall
one
If of
the
minimumstraight
lengths so be equal to at least 220. These lengths are meas-
adopted appears in parentheses, a 0,5 % addi- ured from the upstream faceand the downstream
tionaluncertaintyshallbeaddedarithmetically facerespectively of theconditioner.Conditioners
to the discharge coefficient uncertainty. are only fully effectiveif their installationis such that
thesmallestpossiblegapsare lefi aroundthe
resistive elements of the device, therefore permit-
7.3 Flow conditioners tingnoby-pass flows whichwouldpreventtheir
proper functioning.
The use of flow conditioners of the types described
in 7.3.2 and shown in figures 1 to 3 is recommended When correctly built conditioners are used with the
to permit the installation of primary devices down- pipe length combinations described above, they can
stream of fittings not included in table 1 or 2. When be used in conjunctionwithanyentrancevelocity
a large diameter ratio primary device is to be used, profile.
the inclusion of such devices sometimes permits the
use of shorter Installation lengths upstream of the
primary device than are given in table 1.

When installed as described in 7.3.1, theuse of a 7.3.2 Typesof flow conditioners


flow conditionerdoesnotintroduceanyadditional
uncertainty in the discharge coefficient. The five standardized types of flow conditioners a.re
shown in figures 1 to 3. The choice of a conditioner
isdependent onthe natui-e ofthevelocitydistri-
7.3.1 Installation bution which has tó be corrected and on th.e press-
ure loss which canbe
tolerated. The
devices
Any flow conditioner used shall be installed in the described below create a pressure loss of approxi-
upstreamstraightlengthbetweentheprimaryde- mately

-- ||| | ||||||| | | | ||| |||| ||||||||||| | || || | | ---

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I S 0 5167-1:1991(E)

for type A: se1 The various plates shall be as thin as possible but
shall provide adequate strength.
for type B with inlet bevel: 1 l e l u:/2
for
type B without
inlet
bevel: (J:/2
1 4 ~ 7.3.2.2 Type B: “SprenklB”
conditioner
for, type C: se, u:/2
The “Sprenkle” conditioner consists of three perfor-
for type D: 0,25el u:/2
atedplatesinserieswithalengthequal toonepipe
typefor E: diameter
between
successive
plates. 0,25e,U:/2 The perfor-
ationsshallpreferablybechamferedonthe up-
for types A, B and C, thepressure loss mayvarystream side, and the totalareaoftheholes in each
asa functionoftheratioofthearea of theholes to plateshallbegreaterthan 40 YO ofthecross-
area
ctional
rea.
totalthe pipe.
of the Theofratio thick-
plate
ness toholediametershall beatleast 1 andthe
diameter of the holes shall be less than o r equal to
7.3.2.1 Type A: “Zanker” conditioner 0,0511. (See figure 2.)
The “Zanker”conditionerconsistsofaperforated The three p-lates shall be held together by bars or
plate with holes of certain specified sizes followed studs, which shall be located around the periphery
by a number of channels (one for each hole) formed of the pipe bore, and which shall be of as small a
by theintersection of anumberofplates(see diameter as possible but shall provide the required
figure 1). strength.

---
|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |
| | | |||
|||||||
|
|||
--

Figure 1 - Type A “Zanker” conditioner

12
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- IS0 5167-1‘:1991(8)
-_-

~ 7.3.2.3
Type
Tube
C:
bundle
conditioner 7.3.2.4TypeD:AMCA’straightener

The tube bundle conditioner consists of a bundle of The AMCA. straightenerconsists of a honeycomb
parallel and tangential tubes fixed together and held withsquaremeshesthedimensions of whichare
rigidly ln the pipe (see figure2). It isimportant to shownonfigure3. The vanes shallbe as thin as
ensure that the various tubes are parallel with each possible, but shall provide adequate strength.
other and with the pipe axis since, if this require-
mentisnotcomplied.with, theconditioneritself 7.3.2.5Type E; “&olle” stralghtener
might introduce disturbances in the flow.
The “6toile”straightenerconsistsofeightradial
There shall be at least 19 tubes. Their length shall vanes at equal angular spacing with a length equal
be greater than or equal to Iod. The tubes shall be to twice the diameter of the pipe (see figure 3). The
joined together and the bundle shall rest against the vanes shall be asthin as possible but shall provide
pipe. adequate strength.

O O
c- I-
I
d

Flow dlrectlon
- loss the entranceof the holesmay be bevelled at 45’.
NOTE In order to decrease the pressure
Type BI ‘Sprenkle’ condltloner

A-A

Type CITube bundle condltloner

Figure 2 - Type B and type C conditioners

-- ||| | ||||||| | | | ||| |||| ||||||||||| | || || | | --- 13


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Type D: AMCA strafphtener

Type E: EtoRe stralghtener

Figure 3 - Type D and type E straighteners

7.4 General requirements for flow conditions 7.5 Additionalspecificinstallation


at the primary device requirements for orifice plates, nozzles and
Venturi nozzles

7.5.1 Cfrcularity of thepipe


If the specifled installation conditions giver1 in tables in the immediate vicinity of the primary device the
1 and 2 or in 7.3 cannot be met this part of IS0 5167 following requirements shall apply.
still remains valid if the flow conditions immediately
upstream of the primary device conform to 7.1.3.
7.5.1.1 The length of the upstream pipe section ad-
Swirl-free conditions can be taken to exist when the jacent to the primary device (or to the carrier ring if
swirl angle over the pipe is less than 2". there is one) shall be at least 21) and cylindrical. The
pipe is said to be cylindrical when no diameter in
Acceptablevelocityprofileconditionscanbepre- any plane differs by more than 0,3?LO from the mean
sumed to exist when, at each point across the pipe value of D obtained from the measurements speci-
cross-section, the ratlo of the local axial velocity to fied in 7.5.1.2.
themaximumaxialvelocity at thecross-section
agrees to within 5 % withthatwhichwould be 7.5.1.2 The value for the pipe diameter D shall be
achieved in swirl-free flow at the same radial pos- the mean of the internal diameters over a length of
ition at a cross-section located at the end of a very 0,5D upstreamoftheupstreampressuretapping.
long straight length (over 1000) of similar pipe (fully The internal mean diameter shall be the arithmetic
developed flow). mean of measurements ofat least twelve diameters,
namely four diameters positioned at approximately
equal angles to each other, distributed in each of at

14 -- ||| | ||||||| | | | ||| |||| ||||||||||| | || || | | ---

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least three cross-sections evenly distributed over a 7.5.2 Location of primary device and carrier rings
length of 0,5D, two of these sections being at dis-
tance O and 0,5D from the upstream tapping and òne 7.5.2,l The primarydeviceshallbeplacedinthe
beinglntheplaneoftheweld in the case of a pipe ln such a way that the fluid flows from the up-
weld-neckconstruction.Ifthereisacarrierring
stream face towards thë downstream face.
[see figure sa)] this valueof 0,5D shall be measured
from the upstream edge of the carrier ring.
7.5.2.2 The primarydeviceshaflbeperpendicular
7.5.1.3 Beyond 2 0 fromtheprimary device, the to the centre-line of the pipeto within 1”.
upstream pipe run between the primary device and
thefirstupstreamfittingordisturbancemaybe 7.5.2.3 The primary device shall be centred in the
made up of oneor more sections of pipe. pipe or, if applicable, in the carrier rings. The dis-
tance e, between the centre-line of the orifice and
No additional uncertainty in the discharge coefficient
is Involved provided that the diameter step between
thecentre-linesofthepipe on theupstream and
any two sections does not exceed0,3 % of the mean downstream sides shall be less than or equal to
value of D obtained from the measurements specl- 0,002 5 0
fled in 7.5.1.2.
0,l + 2,3ß4
7.5.1.4 An additionaluncertainty of 0,2 % shallbe If
added arithmetically to the uncertainty for the dis-
charge
coefficient
diameter
theif step AD between 0,002 5 0 0,0050
< e, <
any two sections exceeds the limits given in 7.5.1.3,
but complies with the following relationships:
+
0,1 2,3ß4 +
O,? 2,3ß4

S
- 0,4 + additional
uncertainty
an
of
arithmetically discharge
uncertainty
tothe
theon
0,3 %
be shall added

D coefficient C.

---
\ /
In the case where

|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |
and
-
” Q 0,05
’’o,? + 2,3ß40,0050

D
this part of I S 0 5167 gives no information by which

| | | |||
where S isthedistanceofthestepfromthe up- to predict the value of any additional uncertainty to
stream pressure tapping or carrier ring. be taken into account.

|||||||
7.5.1.5 If a step is greater thanany one of the limits

|
752.4 When carrier rings are used,they shall be

|||
given in the inequalitiesabove, the installation is not
centred such that-they do not protrude into the pipe

--
in accordance with this part of I S 0 5167.
at any point.
7.5.1.6 No diameterofthedownstreamstraight
length, considered along a length ofat least 2 0 from
7.5.3 Method of fixing and .gaskets
the upstream face of the primary device, shall differ
from the mean diameter .of the upstream straight
lengthbymorethan 3 %. Thiscanbejudgedby 7.5.3,l The method of fixing and tightening shall be
checkinga
single diameterofthedownstream srichthat oncetheprimary.devicehas-been ln-
straight length. stalled in the proper position, it remains so.
This requirement is not valid for Venturitubes, Itis necessary,when holdingtheprimarydevice
which may be truncated and to which the require- betweenflanges, to.allow forits free thermal ex-
ments of 7.6.1.3 apply. pansion and to avoid buckling and distortion.

15
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991(E)

7.5.3.2 Gaskets or sealing rings shall be made and 8 Orlflce plates


Inserted in such a way that they do not protrude at
anypointinsidethepipe or acrossthepressure The varioustypesofstandardorificeplatesare
tappings or slotswhen corner tappingsareused. similar andthereforeonlyasingledescriptionis
They shallbe as thin as possible,withduecon- needed. Each type of standard orifice
plate
is
sideration taken in maintaining the relationship as characterized by the arrangement of the pressure
defined in 8.2 for orince plates. tappings.
7S.3.3 Ifgasketsareusedbetweenthe primary All types of orifice plates shall conform with the fol-
device and the annular chamber rings, they shallnot lowing description under working conditions.
protrude inside the annular chamber.
Limits of use are given in 8.3.1.
7.6 Additionalspecificinstallation
requirements for classical Venturi tubes 8.1 Description

7.6.1 Circularity of thepipe The axial plane cross-section of a standard orifice


plate is shown in figure4.
In theimmediatevicinityoftheclassicalVenturi
tube, the following requirements shall apply. The lettersgiven in thefollowingtextrefer to the
corresponding references in figure 4.
7.6.1.1 Overanupstreamlengthof at least 2 0
measuredfromtheupstreamendoftheentrance
cylinder of the Venturi tube, the pipe shall be cylin- 8.1.1
General
shape
drical.
8.1.1.1The partof theplateinsidethepipeshall
7.6.1.2 The meandiameterofthepipewhereit be circular and concentric with the pipe centre-line.
joins the classical Venturi tube shall be within 1 % The faces of the plate shall always be flat and par-
of the classical Venturi tube entrance cylinder di- allel.
ameter D,as defined in 10.1.2.1. Moreover, no single
diameter of this inlet pipe section shall differ from
the mean of the measured diameters by more than
2 % for a distance of two pipe diameters upstream Thlckness E of the plate
of the classical Venturi tube.

7.6.1.3 The diameter of the


pipe
immediately
1 7
/
/
-

downstream of the Venturi tube need not be rneas- -c Downstream face B


/
c
ured accuratelybut it shall be checkedthatthe /

downstream pipe diameter is not less than 90 % of


the diameter at the end of the Venturi tube divergent Ø

section. This means that, in most cases, pipes hav-


ingthe same nominalbore as that of theVenturi
tube can be used.
Thlckness c o f the orlflce-
7.6.2Roughnessoftheupstreampipe
Axlal centre-llne
The upstream pipe shall have a relative roughness
of k / D < on length
a at leastequal to 2D
measured upstream from the classical Venturi tube.

7.6.3Alignmentofthe classical Venturi tube

The offset or distancebetween the centre-lines of


theupstreampipeand ofthe Venturitube, as
measured ln the connecting plane of the upstream
pipe and entrance cylinder A (see 10.1,2), shall be
less than 0,0050, The angular alignment uncertainty
of the Venturi tube centre-line with respect to the
upstreampipecentre-lineshall be lessthan I".
Finally the sum of the offset and half the diameter
deviation (see 7.6.1.2) shall be less than 0,007 5 0 . Figure 4 - Standard orifice plate

16 -- ||| | ||||||| | | | ||| |||| ||||||||||| | || || | | ---

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IS0 5167-1:1991(E)

8.1.1.2 Unlessotherwise stated, thefollowingre- 8.1.4 .Thicknesses E and e


quirements apply only to that part of the plate lo-
cated within the pipe. 8.1.4.1 The thickness e of the orifice shall be be-
tween 0,0050 and 0,020.
8.1.1.3 Careshallbetakeninthedesign of the ,
orifice plate and its installation to ensure that plastic 8.1.4.2 The differencebetweenthevalues of e
buckling and elastic deformation of the plate, due to measuredatanypointontheorificeshallnotbe
the magnitude of the differential pressure or of any greater than 0,0010.
other stress, do not cause the slope of the straight
line defined in 8.1.2.1 to exceed 1 YOunder working 8.1.4,3 The thickness E of theplateshallbe be-
conditions. tween e and 0,05D,
8.1.2Upstreamface A However, when 50 mm < D 4 6 4 mm, a thickness E
up to 3,2 mm is acceptable.
--

8.1.2.1 The upstream face A oftheplateshallbe


|||
|

flat when the plate is installed in the pipe with zero 8.1.4,4 The differencebetweenthevalues of E
|||||||

differential pressure across it. Providedthat it can measured at anypoint of theplateshallnotbe


be shownthatthemethod of mountingdoesnot
| | | |||

greater than 0,0010.


distort the plate, this flatness may be measured with
the plate removed from the pipe. Under these cir-
|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |

8.1.5Angle of bevel F
cumstances the plate may be'considered to be flat
if theslope of astraightlineconnecting any two 8.1.5.1 If the thickness E of the plate exceeds the
points of its surface in relation to a plane perpen- thickness e of the orifice, the plate shall be bevelled
dicular to the centre-line of the orifice plate bore is on the downstream side. The bevelled surface shall
---

less than 0,5 %. This criterion ignores the inevitable be well finished. (See 8.1.2.2.)
local defects of the surface which are invisible to the
naked eye.
8.1.5.2 The angle of bevel F shall be 45" & 15".
8.1.2.2 The upstream face of the orifice plate shall
havearoughness criterion R, 10-4d within a cir- 8.1.6Edges G , H and I
cle of diameter not less than D and which is con-
centricwiththeorificebore.If in theworking 8.1.6.1 The upstreamedge G shallnot havewire-
conditionstheplate does notfulfillthespecified edges, burrs, or any peculiarities visible to the na-
conditions, it shall be repolished or cleaned to a di- ked eye.
ameter of at least D.
8.1.6.2 The upstreamedge G shallbe sharp.It is
8.1.2.3 It is useful to provideadistinctivemark considered so if the edge radius is not greater than
whichisvisible evenwhentheorificeplate isin- 0,0004d.
stalled to show that the upstream face of the orifice
plateiscorrectlyinstalledrelative to the direction This requirementcannotbemetunlesstheedge
of flow. complies with the requirements of 8.1.6.1.
If d 2 25 mmthisrequirement cangenerallybe
8.1.3 Downstreamface B
considered as satisfiedbyvisualinspection, by
checking that the edge does not seem to reflect a
8.1.3.1 The downstream face B shallbeflatand beam of light when viewed with the nakedeye.
parallel with the upstream face. (See also 8.1.4.4.)
If d < 25 mm visual inspection is,not sufficient.
8.1.3.2 Althoughitmay be convenient to manufac-
ture the orifice plate with the same surface finish on If there is any doubt as to whether this requirement
each face, itis unnecessary to providethesame is met, the edge radius shall be measured.
high quality finish for the downstreamface as for the
upstream face (but see 8.1.8). 8.1.6.3 The downstreamedges H and I arewithin
theseparatedflowregionand hence therequire-
8.1.3.3 The flatness andsurfacecondition ofthe ments for their quality are less stringent than those
downstream face may be
judged by visual
in- for edge G. This being the case, small defects are
spection. acceptable.

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r?

BSI B S * 1 0 4 2 : SEC*1.1 9 2 E 1 b 2 4 6 6 9 0 2 9 8 8 5 4 O 88

991(E)
I S 0 5167-1:I

8.1.7 Dlameter of orlflce d particular,


shall
In
plate
the be clean
when
the
measurements are made.
8.1.7.1 The diameter d shall in all cases be greater
than or equal to 12,5 mm. The diameter ratio 8.2 Pressure tappings
P =-d/D Is always greater than or equal to 0,20and
than
less or equal to 0,75. For each primary device, at upstream
one
least
pressure tapping andonedownstreampressure
Within these limits* Of P
the value may be chosen bytappingshallbeinstalledinone orotherofthe
the user. standard locations.

8.1.7.2 The value d of thediameter of theorifice A single orifice plate may be used with several sets
shall be taken as the mean of the measurements of of pressure tappings suitable for different types of
at least four diameters at approximately equal an- standardorificeplates,but to avoidmutualinter-
gles to each other. ference, several tappings on the same side of the
orifice plate shall not be in the same axial plane.
8.1.7.3 The orifice shall be cylindrical, and perpen- The location of the pressure tappings characterizes
dicular to the upstream face. the type of standard orifice plate.
No diameter shall differ by more than 0,05 YO from
the value of the'mean diameter.This requirement is 8.2.1 Details of pressure tappings for D and D/2 tap
deemed to besatisfiedwhenthedifferenceinthe orifice plates and flange tap orifice plates
length of any of the measured diameters complies
with the said requirement in respect of the mean of 8.2.1.1 The spacing Z ofapressuretappingisthe
the measured diameters. In all cases the roughness distancebetweenthecentre-line ofthepressure
oftheorificeborecylindricalsectionshallnot be tapping and the plane of aspecified face of the
suchthat it affects theedgesharpnessmeasure- orifice plate. When installing the pressure tappings,
ment. due account shall be taken of the thickness of the
--

gaskets and/or sealing material.


|||

8.1.8 Symmetricalplates
|
|||||||

8.2.1.2 For orifice plateswith D and D12 tappings


(see figure 5), the spacing Z, of the upstream press-
| | | |||

8.1.8.1 If the orifice plate is intended to be used for


ure tapping is nominally equal to D ,but may be be-
measuring reverse flows the following requirements tween 0 , 9 D and 1 , l D without altering the discharge
|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |

shall be fulfilled: coefficient.


---

c) the thickness E of the plate shall be equal to the between 0 , 4 8 0 and 0,520when ß 0,6
thickness e of the orifice specified in 8.1.4; con-
sequently it may be necessary to limit the differ- between 0,49Dand 0,510 when P > 0,6
entialpressure to preventplatedistortion(see
8.1.1.3); Both Z, and Z. spacings are measured from the up-
stream face of the orifice plate.
d) the two edges of the orifice shall comply with the
specifications for the upstream edge specified in 8,2.1.3 For orificeplateswithflangetappings(see
8.1.6. figure5),thespacing Z, of theupstreampressure
tapping is nominally 25,4 mm and is measured from
8.1.8.2 Furthermore,fororificeplateswith D and the upstream face of the orifice plate.
D/2 tappings(see 8.2), two sets of upstreamand
downstreampressuretapsshall be providedand The spacing P, of the downstream pressure tapping
used according to the direction of the flow. isnominally 25,4 mm andismeasuredfromthe
downstream face of the orifice plate.

8.1.9 Material and manufacture These upstream


downstream
and spacings /, and
P, may be within the following ranges without alter-
The platemay be manufactured.from any materialing thedischargecoefficient:
and in any way, provided that it is and remains in
accordance
with
the-
foregoing
description
during 25,4 mm f 0,5 mm when P >0,6 and
the measurements. D < 150 mm

18
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B S I BS*L042: SEC*L.L 92 m L624669 0298855 2

I S 0 5167-1 :i991(E)

25,4 mm f 1 mm in all other cases, ¡.e. P 6 0,6 dynamicperformance.Theupstreamanddown-


or B >0,6but 150 mm < D < IO00 mm stream tappings shall have the same diameter;

8.2.1.8 The pressure tappings shall be circular and


8.2.1.4 The centre-line of the tapping shall meet the cylindricalovera I'ength of at least 2,5 times the
pipe centre-line and be at an angle of 90" to it. internal diameter of the tapping, measured from the
inner wall of the pipeline,
8.2.1.5 At the point of break-through the hole shall
be circular. The edges shall be flush withthe 8.2.1.9The centre-lines ofthepressuretappings
internalsurfaceofthepipewalland as sharp as .may be located in any axial plane of the pipeline
possible. To ensure the elimination of all burrs or (see also 8.1.3 and 7.2,7).
wire edges at the inner edge, rounding is permitted
but shall be kept as small as possible and, where it 8.2.1,IO The axis of the upstream tapping and that
can be measured, its radius shall be less than one- of the downstream tapping may be located in differ-
tenth of the pressure tapping diameter. No lrregu- ent axial planes (see also 3.1.3 and 7.2.7).
iarity shall appear inside the connecting hole, on the
edges of the hole drilled in the pipe wall, or on the 8.2.2 Orifice plate with corner tappings (see
pipe wall close to the pressure tapping. figure 6)

8.2.2.1 The spacing between the centre-lines of the


8.2.1.6 Conformity of the pressure tappings with the
tappingsand -the respective faces of the plate is
requirements specified in 8.2.1.4 and 8.2.1.5 may be
equal to half the diameter or to half the width of the
judged by visual inspection.
tappingsthemselves, SÖ thatthetappingholes
break through the wall flush with the faces of the
8.2.1.7The diameter of pressure tappings shall be plate (see also 8.2.2.5).
less than 0,130and less than 13 mm.
8.2.2.2 The pressure tappings may be either single
No restriction is placed on the minimum diameter, tappings or annularslots.Bothtypesoftappings
which is determined in practice by the need to pre- may be located either in the- pipe or its flanges or in
ventaccidentalblockageandtogivesatisfactory carrier rings as shown in figure6.

m- D und D / 2 pressure tUppfIlDS

*) Ir - o 0.1 o
0.50 * 0.020 forß C 0,6
**I 12
{ O,!ì D 0.01D far ß r 0.6

and 150 mm e D c 1 000 mm

Figure 5 - Spacing of pressure tappings for orifice plates with I l and D/2 pressure tappings or flange tappings
I

-- ||| | ||||||| | | | ||| |||| ||||||||||| | || || | | ---

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BSI B S * 1 0 4 2 : SECM1.1 9 2 E 1 6 2 4 6 6 9 02988.56 4 I

IS0 5167-1:1991(E)

---
|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |
r t I Thlckness of the slot
c I Length or the upstream ring

| | | |||
c': Lengthof the dovnstream rlng
b I Mamcter of the earrler rlng

|||||||
a I Wldth of the annular slotor
dfametcr of slngle tapplng

|
S I Dlstance from upstream step

|||
to carrler rlng

--
a
8 AxlaL centrc-llnc

Figure 6
"
- Corner tappings

8.2.2.3 The diameter a of a single tapping and the 8.2.2.4 The annular slots usually break through the
width a of annular slots are specifiedbelow. The pipeovertheentireperimeter,withnobreakin
minimum diameter is determined in practice by the continuity. If not, each annular chamber shall con-
need to preventaccidentalblockageand to give nect withtheinsideofthepipeby at leastfour
satisfactory dynamic performance. openings, the axes of which are at equal angles to
oneanotherandtheindividualopeningarea of
For clean fluids and vapours: which is at least 12 mm2.

for ß G 0,65: 0,0050G a G 0,030 8.2.2.5 If individual pressure tappings, as shown in


figure6b), are used, the centre-line of the tappings
for fl =- 0,65: 0,OlD 6 a G 0 , 0 2 0 shall meet the centre-line of the pipe at as near an
angle of 90" as possible.
For any value ofß:
If there are several individual pressure tappings in
for clean fluids: 1 mm 6 a 6 10 mm thesameupstream or downstreamplane,their
centre-lines shall form equal angles with each other.
forvapours, in the case ofannular chambers: The diameters of individualpressuretappingsare
1mm<a610mm specified in 8.2.2.3.
The pressuretappingsshallbecircularandcylin-
for vapours and for liquefied gases, in the case
drical over a length of at least2,5 times the internal
of single tappings: 4 mm 6 a 6 10 mm
diameter of the tappings, measured from the inner
wall of the pipeline.

20
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B S I BS*L042: SECxL.L 7 2 m
IS0 5167-1A991(E)

8.2.2.6 The Internal diameter b of the carrier rings For orifice plates with corner tappings:
shall be greater than or equal to the diameter D of
the pipe, to ensure that they do not protrude Into the d 2 12,5 mm
pipe,butshallbelessthan orequal to 1,040.
Moreover, the following condition shall be met: 50mm~D<1000mm
b-D x ~ x l o o < 011 0,2 G ß G 0,75 -
D D 0,l + 2,3ß4
Re, > 5 O00 for 0,2 G ß Q 0,45
The lengths c and c' oftheupstream anddown-
stream rings (see figure6) shall not be greater than Re, > 10 O00 for ß > 0,45
0,5D.
For orifice plates with flange tappingsor with D and
The thickness f o f the slot shall be greater than or 012 pressure tappings:
equal to twice the width a of the annular slot. The
area of the cross-section of the annular chamber, d > 12,5 mm
gh, shall be greater than or equal to half the total
area of the opening Connecting this chamber to the 5 0 m m ~ D ~ l 0 0 0 m m
inside of the pipe.
0,2 Q ß Q 0,75
8.2.2.7 All surfaces of the ring which are in contact

---
withthemeasuredfluidshallbeclean and shall Re,, > 1 260ß20

|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |
have a well-machined finish. where D is expressed in millimetres.

8.2.2.8 The
pressure
tappings
connecting
the Inaddition,therelativeroughnessshallconform
annularchamberstothesecondarydevicesare w-itti the values in table 3.

| | | |||
pipe-walltappings,circular at thepointofbreak- The value of the uniform equivalent roughness, k,
through and with a diameter j between 4 mm and

|||||||
expressed in length units, depends on several fac-
10 mm (see 8.2.1.5). tors such as height,distribution,angularityand

|
other geometric aspects of the roughness elements

|||
8.2.2.9 The upstream and downstream carrier rings of the pipe wall.

--
need not necessarily be symmetrical in relation to
eachother,buttheyshallbothconformwiththe A full-scale pressure loss test of a sample length of
preceding requirements. the particular pipe should be carried out to deter-
mine the value ofk.
8.2.2.10The diameterofthepipeshallbemeas- However, approximate values of k for different ma-
ured as specifiedin 7.5.1.2, the carrier ring being terials can be obtained from the various tables given
regarded as part of the primary device.This also in reference literature, and table E.l gives values of
applies to the distance requirement given in 7.5.1.4 k foravarietyofmaterials, as derived from. the
so that S shall be measured from the upstream edge Colebrook formula.
I
of the recess formed by the carrier ring.
.Most of the experhents on which the values of C
given in this part ofIS0 5167 are based were carried
8.3 Coefficientsandcorresponding out in pipes with a relative roughness
uncertainties of orifice plates kll) Q 3,8 x

as regards corner tappings, or


8.3.1Llmlts of use
kill < 10 x 10-4
Standardorificeplatesshallonlybeused in ac-
cordance with this part of IS0 5167 under the fol- as regards flange tappings or D and 0 1 2 pressure
lowing conditions. tappings.

Table 3 - Upper llmlts of relative roughness of the upstream pipeline for orifice plates

0,36 0,34 ß 0,32 < 0,3 0,38 0,75


04 0,45
Of6 015

104 k / D 25 18,l 12,9 10,o


.4,9 85,63 7,1 42 4,o

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I S 0 5167" 991(E)

Pipes with higher relative roughness may be used [since L, is always greater than or equal to
if therelativeroughnessiswithinthelimitsgiven 0,433 3, the valye 0,039 O shall be used for the
above for at least 1OD upstream of the orifice plate. coefficient of P (I - p4)"1

8.3.2 Coefflcients - for flange tappings:

8.3.2.1 Dischargecoefficient, C L 1 --L' 2 ---25,4


The dischargecoefficient, C, isgiven by the Stolz
equation:
where D is expressed in millimetres.

C= 0,595 9 + 0,031 2p2" - 0,184 Op8 + In pipelines with D Q 58,62 mm, L, Z 0,433 3 and the
value O 039 O willbe usedforthecoefficient of

"') p4(1 - ph)-


0,75

+ 0,002 9 p ( Re, + The Stolz equation is only valid for the tapping ar-
rangements defined in 8.2.1 or 8.2.2. In particular, it
+ 0,09o o ~ , p ~ ( 1p4)-
- ' - 0,033 7 ~ 1 , ~ ~ is not permitted to enter into the equation pairs of
values of I,, and L', which do not match one of the
where three standardized tapping arrangements.

= d/D
/I Isthediameterratio; This formula, as well as theuncertaintiesgivenin
8.3.3, is only valid when the measurement meets all
Re, Is the
Reynolds
number
related to the limits of use specified in 8.3.1 and the general
D; installation requirements specified in clause 7.
L, = /,/D is the quotient of the distance of the Values of C as a function of P, Re, and D are given
upstream tapping
from
the up- for convenience in tables A . l to A . l l . These values
stream face of theplate and the are not intended for precise interpolation, Extrapo-
pipe diameter: lation is not permitted.
L', = P,/D is the quotient of the distance of the
downstreamtapping
from
the 8.3.2.2 Expansibility[expansion]factor, E,

downstream face of the plate, and


the pipe diameter. (LI2denotes the For thethreetypesoftappingarrangement,the
reference of the downstream spac- empiricalformulaforcomputingtheexpansibility
ing
from the downstream face, [expansion] factor, E , , is as follows:
while ic, woulddenotetherefer-
ence of thedownstreamspacing
E, = 1 - (0.41 + 0,35p4) ~APp 1
from the upstream face.)
This formula is applicable only within the range of
NOTE 6 When L, 2 0,0390/0,090O ( = 0,433 3) take the limits of use specified in 8.3.1.
0,039O as the value of the coefficient of@(I - /I4)''.
Test resultsforthedeterminationof cl areonly
The values of L, and L'*
to be used in this equation, known for air,steamandnatural gas. However,
when thespacingsare in accordancewiththere- there is no known objection to using the same for-
quirements of 8.2.1.2, 8.2.1.3 or 8.2.2, are as follows: mula for other gases and vapours the isentropic ex-
ponent of which is known.
---

- for corner tappings:


|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |

Meanwhile,the
formula
applicable
is only
if
L, = L', = o P2lP1 2 0975.
- for D and 012 tappings: Values of the expansibility [expansion] factor as a
function of the isentropic exponent, the pressure ra-
| | | |||

L1 = 1 tio and the diameter ratio are given for convenience


in tableA.14. These values are not intended for pre-
|||||||

L', = 0,47 cise interpolation. Extrapolation is not permitted.


|
|||
--

22
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BSI B S * 1 0 4 2 : SEC81.L 9 2 m 1624669 0 2 7 8 8 5 9 T m
I S 0 5167-1:1991(E)

Note that - the ISA 1932 nozzle, and

e2 = E1 "J - the long radius nozzle,


which are different and are described separately.
8.3.3 Uncertainties
Limits of use are given in 9.1.6.1 and 9.2.6.1.
8.3.3.1Uncertainty of dkcharge coefficlent C
9.1 ISA 1932 nozzle
For all three types of tappings, when P , D, Re, and
k / D areassumed to beknownwithouterror,the Figure7 shows thecross-section of an ISA 1932
relative uncertainty of the valueof C is equal to nozzle at a plane passing through the centre-line of
the throat.
0,6 9'0 for P 6 0,6
to those shown
The letters in the following text refer
ß % for 0,6 ß Q 0,75 on figure7.

8.3.3.2Uncertainty of expansibility[expansion] 9.1.1 Generalshape


factor E,
The part of the nozzle inside the pipe is circular.
The
When 8, Ap/p, and K areassumed to beknown nozzle consists of a converg,ent section, of rounded
without error, the relative uncertainty, in per cent, profile, and a cylindrical throat.
of the value ofe1 is equal to
9.1.2 Nozzle profile
4- AP
P1 9.1.2,l The profileofthenozzlemaybecharac-
terized by distinguishing
8.4 Pressure loss, AW
- aflatinletpart A, perpendicular to the centre-
8.4.1 Thepressure loss, Am, for theorificeplates line,
described in this part of I S 0 5167 is approximately
related
to
the
differential
pressure Ap by the - a convergent section defined by two grcs of cir-
equation cumference E3 and C,

Aw =
4- - Cß2
AP
- a cyiindrical throat E, and
JCjF + cß2 - a recess F which is required only if damage to
the edge f is feared.
This pressure loss is the difference in static press-
ure between the pressure measured at the wall on 9.1.2.2 The flat inlet part A is limited by a circum-
the upstream side of the primary device at a section ference centred on the axis of revolution, with a di-
where the influence of the approach impact press- ameter of 1,5d, and by the inside circumference of
ure adjacent to the plate is still negligible (approxi- the pipe, of diameter D .
mately D upstream of the primary device) and that
measured on the downstream side of the primary When d = 2D/3,the radial width of this flat. part is
devicewherethestatic'pressurerecoverybyex- zero.
pansion of the jet may be considered as just com-
---

pleted
(approximately 6 D downstream the
of When d is greater than 2D/3,the upstream face of
|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |

primary device). the nozzle does. not include a flat inlet


p a d within the
pipe. In this case, the noz.zle is manufactured as if
8.4.2 For orifice plates, another approximate value D is greater than l;5d and the inlet flat part is then
of A w / A p is faced off so that the largest diameterof the conver-
gent profile is justequal to .D [see 9.1.2.7 and
| | | |||

figure 7b)].
|||||||

9,1.2.3 The arc of circumference B is tangential to


|

the flat- inlet part A when d < 20/3 while its radius
|||

9 Nozzles R , is equal to 0;2d 3 10 9'0 for /I< 0,sand to 0,2d &


--

3 Yo for 2 0,5. Its centre is at 0,2d from the inlet


There are two types of standard nozzle, plane and at 0,75d from the axial centre-line,

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I S 0 5167-1 :1991(E)

Portlon to

\
\
\

Sec 9.1.2.7

0.604 1 d

9
8
-. .
Flow dlrcctlon

ì
\
\

2 2
a) d 6 7 - D b) ¿>--D
3

Figure 7 - ISA 1932 nozzle


--
|||
|
|||||||

9.1.2.4 The arc of circumference C is tangential to The throat shall be cylindrical. No diameter of any
the arc of circumference B and to the throat E. Its cross-section shall differ by more than 0,05O h frpm
| | | |||

radius R2 is equal to d/3 & 10 ?Lo for P < 0,5 and to the value of the mean diameter. This requirement is
d/3 f 3 % for B > 0,5. its
|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |

centre is at considered to be satisfied when the deviations in the


+
d/2 d/3 = 5d/6 from the axial centre-line and at length of any of the measureddiameterscomply

a=
12 + J39 d = 0,304 i d
with thesaidrequirementinrespect
from the mean.
of deviation

60
---

9.1.2.6The recess F hasadiameter c equal to at


from the flat inlet part A. least 1,06d and a length less than or equal to 0,03d.
The ratio of the height ( c - 4 / 2 of the recess to its
axial length shall not be greater than 1,2.
9.1.2.5The throat E has a diameter d and a length
b = 0,3d. The outlet edge f shall be sharp.

The value d of the diameter of the throat shall be 9.1.2.7The total length of the nozzle, excluding the
taken as the mean of the measurements of at least recess F, is 0,604 I d when d i s less than or equal to
four diametersdistributed in axialplanesand at 2 0 / 3 and is shorter, due to the inlet profile, if d is
approximately equal angles to each other. greater than 2D/3.

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I S 0 5167-1:I991(E)

The total length of the nozzle, excluding the recess, Q 0,150 for fl 0,67
as a function o f ß is equal to
Q 0,20 for ß > 0,67
0,604 i d for 0,3 ß 7
2
9.1.5.4 The diameler of thedownstreamtappings
and shall be in accordance with 8.2.1.7. Corner tappings

[,.,,, +( 7-82"
1 OJ5 025 5)''2]d
as described in 8.2.2 may also be used.

9.1.6Coefficlents of ISA 1932 nozzles

2 9.1.6.1 Limits ofuse


for - < /? G 0,8
--

3
|||

This. type of nozzle shall onlybe used in accordance


|

with this part ofI S 0 5167 when


|||||||

9.1.2.8 The profile of the convergent inlet shall be


checked by means of a template.
| | | |||

Two diameters of the convergent inlet in the same


|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |

plane perpendicular to the axial centre-line shall not 0,3 < ß Q 0,8
differ from each other by more than 0,l O h of their
mean value. and when Re,, is within the following limits:

9.1.2.9 The surfaceoftheupstream face andthe for 0,30 ß < 0,44 7x lo4 6 Re, Q IO7
---

throatshallbepolished suFh thattheyhavea


roughness criterion R, 10- d.
In addition, the relative roughness of the pipe shall
9.1.3Downstreamface conform with the values given in table4,
9.1.3.1 The thickness H shall not exceed 0,lD. Most of the experiments on which the values of the
discharge coefficient C given in this part ofI S 0 5167
9.1.3.2 Apartfromtheabovecondition,theprofile are based were carried out in- pipes with a- relative
and the surface finish of the downstream face are roughness k / D Q 3,8 x Pipes withhigherrela-
not specified (see 9.1.1). tive roughness may be used if the roughness for a
distance of at least 100 upstream of the nozzle is
9.1.4Materialandmanufacture within the limits given in table4 (see 8.3.1 for the
estimation of k / D ) ,
The requirements given in 8.1.9 apply equally to the
manufacture of the ISA 1932 nozzle. 9.1.6.2 Dischargecoefficient, C

9.1.5Pressuretappings The discharge coefficient, C, is given by the follow-


ing formula:
9.1.5.1 Corner pressure tappings shall be used up-
stream of the nozzle. C = 0,990 O - 0,226 2ß4,' -

9.1.5.2 The upstream corner tappings shall comply


with the requirements in 8.2.2.
- (0,001 75b2 - 0,003 3ß4''5) (h)""
9.1.5.3 The downstreampressuretappings may or Values of C as a function of and Re, are given for
may not be cornertappings,but in allcasesthe convenience in table A.12. These values are not in-
distance between the centre of the tapping and the tended for precise interpolation. Extrapolation is not
upstream face of the nozzle shall be permitted.

Table 4 - Upper limits of relative roughness of the upstream pipe for ISA 1932 nozzles
ß 0,35 0,36 0,38 0,40 0,480,420,46 0,44 0,50 0,60 0,70 0,77 0,80
104 k l D 25 18,6 8,7
13,s 10,6 715
611 687 4,Q
5,6 485 359 3,9

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I S 0 51 67-1
:I991(E)

9.1.6.3 Expansibility[expanslon]factor, e, 9.2 Long radius nozzles

The expansibility[expansion]factor, E ~ , iscalcu- 9.2.1 General


lated by means of the following formula:
There are two types of long radius nozzle, which are
called

- high-ratio nozzles (0,25f P < 0,8),and


- low-ratio nozzles (0,20 S 0,5).

For P valuesbetween 0,25 and 0,5, eitherdesign


This formula is applicable onlyfor values of P , D and may be used.
Re, as specified in 9.1.6.1. Test results for determi- Figure8 illustrates the geometric shapes of long ra-
nation of y are only known for air, steam and natu- dius
nozzles,
showing
cross-sections
passing
ral gas. However,there is no knownobjection to through the throat centre-lines.
using the same formula for othergases and vapours
for which the isentropic exponent is known. The reference letters used in the text refer to those
shown on figure 8.
However,
the
formula
applicable
is only if
PJPI 0975.
Values of the expansibility [expansion] factor for a
range of isentropic exponents, pressure ratios and
diameter
ratios
are
given
for
convenience in
table A.15. These values are not intended for precise
interpolation. Extrapolation is not permitted.
Note that

9.1.7 Uncertainties

9.1.7.1 Uncertainty of discharge coefficient C al Hlgh ratla


0,25 < ß 4 0 . 8
When ß, D, Re, and k / D are assumed to be known
withouterror,therelativeuncertainty of the value
of C Is equal to

0,8 % for P G 0,6

(2p - 0,4) % for P > 0,6

9.1.7,2 Uncertainty of expansibility [expansion]


factor

The relative uncertainty, in per cent, of cl is equal to


---
|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |

2-
AP
Pl

9.1.8 Pressure loss, AZO


“4-
| | | |||
|||||||

Subclause 8.4.1 applies equally to the pressure loss


of ISA 1932 nozzles (but 8.4.2 does not apply). Figure 8 - Long radius hozzles
|
|||
--

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I S 0 5167-1:I991(E)

Both types of nozzle consist of a convergent inlet, 9.2.2.5 The thickness If shallbegreaterthan or
whose shape is a quarter ellipse, and a cylindrical equal to 3 mm and less than or equal to 0,15D. The
throat. thickness F o f the throat shall be between3 mm and
13 mm.
That part of the nozzle which is inside the pipe shall
be circular, with the possible exception of the holes 9,2.2.6 The surface of the inner face shall have a
of the pressure tappings. roughness criterion R, Q 10-4d.

9.2.2.7 The shape of the downstream (outside) face


9.2.2 Proflle of high-rationozzle isnotspecifiedbutshallcomplywith 9.2.2,4 and
9.2.2.5 and the last sentence of 9.2.1.
9.2.2.1 The inner face can be characterized by
9.2.3 Profile of low-ratio nozzle
- a convergent section A,
9.2.3.1 The requirements given in 9.2.2 forthe
- a cylindrical throat B, and high-ratio nozzle apply.also to the low-ratio nozzle
with the exception of the shape of the ellipse itself
- a plain end C. which is given ln 9.2.3.2.

9.2,3.2 The convergent inlet A hastheshape of a


9.2.2.2 The convergent section A has the shape of quarter ellipse. The centre of the ellipse is at a dis-
a quarter ellipse. +
tance d/2 2d/3 = 7d/6 from the axial centre-line.
The major axis of the ellipse is parallel to the axial
The centre of the ellipse is at a distance D / 2 from centre-line. The value of half the majoraxis is d. The
theaxialcentre-line. The major centre-line of the value of half the minor axis is 2d/3.
ellipse Is parallel to the axial centre-line. The value
of half the major axis is 0 / 2 .The value of half the 9.2.4Materialandmanufacture
minor axis is (D- 4 / 2 .
The requirements given in 8.1.9 apply to the manu-
The profileof
the
convergent section
shall
be facture of long radius nozzles,
checked by means of a template. Two diameters of
theconvergentsection in thesameplaneperpen- 9.2.5Pressuretappings
dicular to the centre-line shall not differ from each
other by more than 0,l YOof their mean value. 9.2.5,l The pressure tappings shall comply with the
description given in 8.2.1.
9.2.2.3 The throat B has a diameter d and a length
0,6d. 9.2.5.2 The centre-line of theupstreamtapping
shall be at I D !:::$
from the inletface of the nozzle,
The value d of the diameter of the throat shall be
The centre-line of the downstream tapping shall be
taken as the mean of the measurements of at least
at 0,5011 & 0,OlD from fhe inlet .face of the nozzle
four diametersdistributedinaxialplanesand at
with lhe condition- that it shall not in anycase be
approximately equal angles to each other.
further downstream than the nozzle outlet.
The throat shall be cylindrical. Any diameter of any
cross-sectionshall not differ by more than 0,05 YO 9.2.5.3 The upstream and
downstream pressure
from the value of the mean diameter. Measurement tappings break through the inside wall of thepipe.
at asufficientnumberofcross-sectionsshallbe
made to determine that under no circumstances is 9.2.6Coefficients of longradiusnozzles
the throat divergent in the direction of flow; within
the stated uncertainty limits it may be slightly con- 9.2.6.1Limits of use
vergent. The sectionnearesttheoutletisparticu-
larly important in this respect. This requirement Is The longradiusnozzlesshallonlybeused in ac-
considered to be satisfied when the deviations in the cordance with this part of IS0 5167 when
lengthof any of themeasureddiameterscomply
with the said requirement in respect of its deviation 50 mm G D Q 630 mm
from the mean.
0,2 /IQ 0,8

9.2.2.4 The distance between the pipe wall and the


outside face of the throat shall be greater than or
equal to 3 mm. k/ll IO X 10-4

-- ||| | ||||||| | | | ||| |||| ||||||||||| | || || | | ---

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IS0 5167-1:I991(E)

9.2.6.2 Discharge
coefficient, C -classical
the
Venturi
and
tube,

The discharge coefficients, C, arethesameforboth - theVenturinozzle.


types of long radius nozzle when the tappings are in
accordance
with 9.2.5. They
described
are in 10.1 and 10.2.
,The dischargecoefficient, C, is givenbythefollow-Limits of usearegiven in 10.1.5.1 and 10.2.4.1.
ingformula,whenreferring to theupstreampipe
Reynolds number ReD:
10.1 ClassicalVenturitubes

10.1.1Field of application

When referring to the Reynolds number at the throat The field of applicationof the classical Venturi tubes
Re,,, this formula becomes dealt with in this part of IS0 5167 depends on the

C = 0,996 5 - 0,006 (:T


53-
way in which they are manufactured.
Three types of standard classical Venturi tube are
defined according to the method of manufacture of
theinternal surface of theentranceconeandthe
and, in this case, C is independent of the diameter profile at the intersection of the entrance cone and
ratio p. the throat. These three methods of manufacture are
described in 10.1.1.1 to 10.1.1.3 and have somewhat
Values of C as a function of P and Re, are given for different characteristics.
convenience in tableA.13. These values are not in-
tended for precise interpolation. Extrapolation is not
permitted. 10.1.1.1 Classical Venturi tube with an “as cast”
convergent section
9.2.6.3Expansibility[expansion]factor, E,
This is a classical Venturi tube made by casting in
The indicationsgiven in 9.1.6.3 applyalso to the asand mould or by othermethodswhichleavea
expansibility [expansion] factor for long radius noz- finish on the surface of the convergent section simi-
zles, but within the limits of use specified in 9.2.6.1. lar to that produced by sand casting. The throat is
machined and the junctions between the cylinders
9.2.7
Uncertainties and cones are rounded.
These classical Venturi tubes can be used in pipes
9.2.7.1Uncertainty of dischargecoefficient C of diameter between 100 mm and 800 mm and hav-
ing diameter ratios P between 0,3 and 0,75 inclusive.
When and Re, areassumed to beknownwithout
error, the relative uncertainty of the value of C is
2,O % for all values of/? between 0,2 and 0.8. 10.1.1.2 Classical Venturi tube with a machined
convergent section
9.2.7.2Uncertaintyofexpansibility[expansion]
factor This is a classical Venturi tube cast or fabricated as
in 10.1.1.1 but in whichtheconvergentsectionis
The relativeuncertainty, inper cent, onisequal machined as are the throat and the entrance cylin-
to der. The junctions between the cylinders and cones
may or may not be rounded.
AP
2- These classical Venturi tubes can be used in pipes
P1
of diameter between 50 mm and 250 mm and having
9.2.8 Pressureloss, Am diameter ratios P between 0,4 and 0,75inclusive.

Subclause 8.4.1 applies equally to the pressure loss 10.1.1.3 Classical Venturi tube with a rough-welded
of long radius nozzles (but 8.4.2 does not apply). sheet-Iron convergent section

10 Venturi tubes normally


fabricated
classical
tube
Venturi
aThis is
by welding. For the larger sizes it is not machined
Thereare two differenttypesofstandardVenturi in anyway, butinthesmallersizesthethroatis
tube, machined.

-- ||| | ||||||| | | | ||| |||| ||||||||||| | || || | | ---

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7

B S I BSML042: SEC*L.L 72 L624667 0 2 7 8 8 6 5 5 m


IS0 5167-1 A 991(E)

These classical Venturi tubes can be used in pipes 10,1.2.1 Theentrancecylinder A shallhaveadi-
ofdiameterbetween 200 mm .and1200 mm and ameter D which shall not differ from the pipe inside
having diameter ratios B between 0,4 and 0,7 indu- diameter by more than 0,OlD.
sive.
The minimumcylinderlength,measuredfromthe
planecontainingthe
intersection
of
the cone
frustum B with the cylinder A, may vary as a result
10.1.2 Generalshape ofthe . manufacturing process(see 10.1.2.7 to
10.1.2.9). It is,however,recommendedthat it be
chosen to be equal to D .
Figure9 shows a section through the centre-line of
thethroatofaclassicalVenturitube. The letters Theentrancecylinderdiameter D shallbemeas-
used in the text referto those shown on figure9. ured in the plane of the upstream pressure tappings.
The number of measurements shall be at least equal
The classical Venturi tube is made upof an entrance to the number of pressure tappings (with a minimum
cylinder A connected to a conical convergent sec- of four).
tion B, a cylindrical throat C and a conical divergent
section E. The internal surface of the device is cyl- The diameters shall be measured near each pair of
indrical and concentric with the pipe centre-line. The pressuretappings,and also betweenthesepairs.
coaxlality of the convergent section and the cylin- The arithmetic mean value of these measurements
drical throat is assessed by visual inspection. shall be taken as the value ofD in the calculations.

Conlcal dlvtrgentE
--
|||
|
|||||||
| | | |||
|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |

Cyllndrlcal throat C

Connectlng planes
Conlcal convergentB
---

Entrance cyllnder A

Figure 9 - Geometric profile of the classical Venturi-tube

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:1991 (E)
IS0 51 67-1

Diameters shall also be measured in planes other numberofpressure tappings(witha minimumof


than the plane of the pressure tappings. four). The diameters shall be measured near each
pair of pressure tappings and also betweenthese
No diameter along the entrance cylinder shall differ pairs. The arithmetic mean value of all these meas-
by more than 0,4 % from the value of the mean di- urementsshall be taken as thevalueof d inthe
ameter. This requirement is satisfied when the dif- calculations.
ference inthelengthof any of themeasured
diameters complies with the said requirement in re- Diametersshallalso be measured in planes other
spect of the mean of the measured diameters. than the plane of the pressure tappings.

No diameteralongthethroatshalldiffer by more
10.1.2.2 The convergentsection B shall be conical than 0.1 Yo of the value of the mean diameter. This
and shall have an included angle of 21" _+ 1" for all requirement is satisfied when the .difference in the
types of classical Venturi tube. It Is limited upstream length of any of the measured diameters complies
by the plane Containing the intersection of the cone with the said requirement in respect of the mean of
frustum B withtheentrancecylinder A (ortheir the measured diameters.
prolongations)anddownstream by theplanecon-
taining.the Intersection of the cone frustum B with The throat of the classical Venturi tube shall be ma-
the throat C (or their prolongations). chined or be of equivalentsmoothness over the
whole of its length to the surface roughness speci-
The.overall length of the convergent B measured fied in 10.1.2.6.
parallel to thecentre-lineof the Venturitube is
therefore approximately equal to 2,7(D - 6). It shall be checked that the joining curvatures into
the throat with radii R, and R, are surfaces of revor
The convergent section B is blended to the entrance lution as describedin 10.1.2.2. This requirementis
cylinder A by a. curvature of radius R , , the value of satisfied when two diameters, situated in the same
which depends on the type of classical Venturi tube. plane perpendicular to the axis of revolution, do not
differ from the value of the mean diameter by more
The profile of the
convergent section
shall be than 0,l %.
checked by means of a template. The deviation be-
tween the template and the conical section of the The values of the radii of curvature R, and R, shall
convergentsectionshall not exceed, in any place, be checked by means of a template.
0,4 % Of D.
The deviationbetweenthetemplateandtheclas-
The internalsurfaceoftheconicalsectionof the sical Venturi tube shall evolve in a regular way for
convergentsectionistaken as beingasurfaceof eachcurvature so thatthesinglemaximumdevi-
revolution then two diameters situated in the same ationthatismeasuredoccurs at approximately
plane perpendicular to the axis of revolution do not mid-way along the template profile. The value of this
differ from the value of the mean diameter by more maximum deviation shall not exceed 0,02d.
than 0,4 YO.

It shall be checked in the same way that the joining 10.1.2.4 The divergentsection E shall be conical
curvature with a radius R , is a surface of revolution. and may have an included angle of between 7" ahd
15"; it is, however, recommended that an angle be-
---
tween 7" and 8" be chosen. lts smallestdiameter
|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |
10.1.2.3 The throat C shall be cylindrical with a di- shall not be less than the throat diameter.
ameter d. It is limited upstream by theplanecon-
taining the intersection of the cone frustum B with
thethroat C (ortheirprolongations) and down- 10.1.2.5 A classicalVenturitube is called"trun-
stream by theplanecontaining the intersectionof cated" when theoutletdiameterofthedivergent
| | | |||

thethroat C withtheconefrustum E (ortheir section is less thanthediameter D and "not trun-


cated" when the outlet diameter is equal to diameter
|||||||

prolongations). The length of thethroat C, ¡.e. the


distance between those two planes, shall be equal L). The divergent portion may be truncated by about
|

to d whatever the type of classical Venturi tube. 35 ?Ao ofitslengthwithoutnotablymodifyingthe


|||

pressure loss of the device.


--

The throat C connected


is to the
convergent
section B by a curvature of radius R, and to the di-
vergent section E by a curvature of radius R3. The 10.1.2.6 The roughness criterion R, ofthethroat
values of R2 and R3 depend on the type of classical and that of the adjacent curvature shall be as small
Venturi tube. as possible and shall always be less than lOP5d(see
6.1.2). The divergent section is roughcast. Its internal
The diameter d shall be measured very carefully in surfaceshall be clean and smooth. The roughness
the plane of the throat pressure tappings. The num- of other parts of the classical Venturi tube depends
ber of measurements shall be at least equal to the on the type considered.

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I S 0 5167-1A991 (E)

10.1.2.7 The profileoftheclassical Venturitube 10.1.2.9 The profileoftheclassicalVenturi tube


withan“ascast” convergentsectionhasthefol- with a rough-welded sheet-iron convergent section
lowing characteristics. has the following characteristics.
The internal surface of the convergent section B is The minimum length of the entrance cylinder A shall
sand castandunmachined.Itshall befree from be equal to D.
cracks, fissures, depressions, irregularities and im-
purities. The roughness criterion R, for the surface There shall be no joining curvature between the en-
shall be less than 10-4D. trance cylinder A and the convergent sectionB other
than that resulting from welding.
The minimum length of the entrance cylinder A shall
be equal to the smaller of the following two values: There shallbenojoiningcurvaturebetweenthe
0 and 0,250 250 mm (see 10.1.2.1).+ convergentsection B and the throat C other than
that resulting from welding.
The internal surface of the entrance cylinder A may
be left “as cast” provided that it has the same sur- There shallbenojoiningcurvaturebetweenthe
face finish as the convergent section B. throat C and the divergent section E.

The radius
of
curvature R , shall
be
equal to The internal surface of the entrance cylinder A and
1,3750& 20 Yo. theconvergentsection B shallbecleanandfree
fromencrustationandweldingdeposits.Itmay b’e
The radius
of
curvature R, shall
beequal to galvanized. Its roughness criterion R, shall be about
3,625d& 0,125d. 5 X IO-~D.
The length of the cylindrical part of the throat shall The internal welded seams shall be flush with the
be not less than d/3.In addition, the length of the surrounding surfaces. They shall not be located in
cylindrical part between the end of the joining cur- the vicinity of the pressuretappings.
vature R, and the plane of the pressure tappings, as
well as the length of the cylindrical part between the
10.1.3 Materialandmanufacture
plane of the throat pressure tappings and the be-
ginning of the joining curvature R,,shall be not less
than 4 6 (see also 10.1.2.3for the throat length). 10.1.3.2 The classicalVenturitubemaybemanu-
factured from any material, provided that it is in ac-
The radius of curvature R, shall lie between 5d and cordancewiththeforegoingdescriptionand will
15d. Its value shall increase as the divergent angle remain so during use;
decreases. A value close to 10d is recommended.
10.1.3.2 It is alsorecommendedthattheconver-
10.1.2.8 The profileoftheclassical Venturitube gent section B and the throat G be joined as one
with a machined convergent section has the follow- part. It is recommended that in the case of a clas-
ing characteristics. sical Venturi tube with a machined convergent, ttie
throat and the convergent section be manufactured
The m.inimum length of theentrance cylinder A shall
fromonepieceofmaterial. If, however, theyare
be equal to D.
made i n two separate parts they shall be assembled
The radius of curvature R , shall be less than 0,250 before the internal surface is finally machined,
and preferably equal to zero.
10.1,3;3 Particular care shall be given to the centr-
The radius of curvature R, shall be less than 0,25d ing of the divergent section E on the throat. There
and preferably equal to zero. shall be no st.ep in diameters between the two parts.
The length of the throat cylindrical part between the This canbeestablishedbytouchbeforetheclas-
end of the curvature R, and the plane of the throat sical Venturi tube is installed, but after the divergent
pressure tappings shall be not less than 0,25d. section has been assembled with the throat section.
The length of the throat cylindrical part between the
plane of the throat pressure tappings and the be- 10.1.3.4 . When a lining is addedin the throat, it shall
ginning of the joining curvature R, shall be not less be machined after being assembled.
than 0,3d.
10.1.4 Pressuretappings
The radius of curvature R, shall be less than 0,25d
and preferably equal to zero.
10.1.4.1 The
upstream
and
throat
pressure
The entrancecylinderandtheconvergentsection tappings shall be made in the form of separate pipe
shall have a surface finish equalto that of the throat wallpressuretappingsinterconnectedbyannular
(see 10.1.2.6). chambers or piezometer rings,

-- ||| | ||||||| | | | ||| |||| ||||||||||| | || || | | ---


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(E)

10.1.4.2 The diameterofthese tappingsshall be pressure tappings and the plane of intersection be-
between 4 mm and 10 mm and moreovershall tween the entrance cylinder A and the convergent
never
begreater
than 0,lD for the
upstream section B (or their prolongations) shall be
tappings and 0,13d for the throat pressure tappings.
0,5D 0,05D
It is recommended that pressure tappings as small
as compatible with the fluid be used (for example, For all types of classical Venturi tube, the spacing

---
with its viscosity and cleanness). between the plane containing the axes of the points

|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |
of break-through of the throat pressure tappings and
10,1,4,3 At least four pressuretappingsshall be the intersection plane of the convergent section B
provided for
the
upstream and
throatpressure and the throat C (or their prolongations) shall be
measurements. The centre-lines of thepressure
tappings shall meet the centre-line of the classical 0,5d 0,02d

| | | |||
Venturitube,shallformequalangleswitheach
10.1.4.8 The areaofthefreecross-section of the

|||||||
other and shall be contained in planes perpendicu-
lar to the centre-line of the classical Venturi tube. annular chamber of the pressure tappings shall be

|
greater than or equal to half the total area of the

|||
tapping holes connecting the chamber to the pipe.

--
10.1.4.4 At thepoint of break-through,theholeof
thepressuretappingshall be circular. The edges It is recommended, however, that the chamber sec-
shall be flush with the pipe wall, free from burrs and tionmentioned above shall be doubledwhenthe
generally have no peculiarities. If joining curvatures classical Venturi tube is usedwitha minimum up-
are required the radius shall not exceed one-tenth streamstraightlengthfromafittingcausing non-
of the diameter of the pressure tapping. symmetrical flow.

10,1.4.5 The pressuretappingsshall be cylindrical 10.1.5Dischargecoefficient, C


over a lengthat least 2,5 times the internal diameter
of the tapping, measured from the inner wall of the 10.1.5.1Limits of use
pipeline.
WhateverthetypeofclassicalVenturitube,asi-
10.1.4.6 Conformity ofthepressuretappingswith multaneous use of extreme values for D , p and Re,
the two foregoing requirements is assessed by vis- shallbeavoided as otherwisetheuncertainties
ual inspection. given in 10.1.7 are likely to be increased.
The effects of ReD, k / D and ß on C are not yet suffi-
10.1,4.7The spacing ofapressure tappingis the
cientlyknownforit to be possible to give reliable
distance, measured on a straight line parallel to the
values of C outside the limits defined for each type
centre-line of the classical Venturi tube, betweenthe
of classical Venturi tube. (See annex B.)
centre-line of thepressuretapping and therefer-
ence planes defined below.
10.1.5.2 Dlscharge coefficient of the classical
For theclassicalVenturitubewith an “ascast” Venturi tube with an “as cast” convergent section
convergentsection,thespacingbetweentheup-
stream pressure tappings situated on the entrance Classical Venturi tubes with an “as cast” convergent
cylinder and the plane of intersection between the section can only be used in accordancewiththis
entrance cylinder A and the prolongation of conver- part of I S 0 5167 when
gent section B shall be
100 mm Q 1) Q 800 mm
0,5Df 0,250for D between 100 mm and 150 mm
0,3 Q ß < 0,75
and
2 x 105 ReD 2 x 106
0,5D-:,25Dfor D between 150 mm and 800 mm.
Under these conditions the value of the discharge
For classical Venturi tubes with a machined conver- coefficient C is
gent sectionandwitharough-weldedsheet-iron
convergent,
the
spacing
betweenthe
upstream C = 0,984

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I S 0 5167-1 :I991 (E)

10.1.5.3 Dlscharge coefflclent of the classical 10.1.7.3 Classical Venturi tube wlth a rough-weldd
Venturi tube wlth a machined convergent section sheet-Iron convergent section

Classical Venturi tubes with a machined convergent Thë relative uncertainty of the discharge coefficient
sectioncan onlybe used in accordancewith this as given in 10.1.5.4 is equal to 1,5 %Il).
part of I S 0 5167 when
10.1.8 Uncertainty of the expansibility [expansion]
50 mm < D < 250 mm factor E ,
0,4 Q ß Q 0,75 The relative uncertainty, in per cent, of EI is equal to
105 < Re, lo6
2 X 1X
(4 + looß*) p1
AP
Under these conditions the value of the discharge
coefficient C is
10.1.9Pressureloss
C = 0,995
10.1.9.1 Definition of the pressure loss (see
10.1.5.4 Dlscharge coefficient of the classical figure 10)
Venturi tube wlth a rough-welded sheet-iron
convergent section The pressure loss caused by a classical Venturi tube
may be determined by pressure measurements
Classical Venturi tubes with a rough-welded sheet- made prior and subsequent to the installation of the
iron convergent section can only be used in accord- Venturi tube in a pipe through which there is a given
ance with this part of I S 0 5167 when flow.

200 mm G D Q 1200 mm If Apt is the difference in pressure, measured prior


to the installation of the Venturi tube, between two
0,4 ß Q 0,7 pressure tappings one of which is situated at least
D upstream of the flanges where the Venturi tube
2 X 105
Re, 2 X lo6 will be inserted and the other of which is 6 D down-
stream of the same flanges, and if A,’’ is the differ-
Under these conditions the value of the discharge ence in pressure measured
between the same
coefficient C is pressuretappingsafterinstallation of the Venturi
tube between these flanges, then the pressure loss
C = 0,985 caused by the Venturi tube is given by Apt’ - Apt,

10.1.6Expansibility[expansion]factor, E, 10.1.9.2Relative.pressure loss

The indicationsgiven in 9.1.6.3 alsoapply to the


expansibility[expansion]factorforthedifferent
The relativepressure loss, isthevalueofthe e,
pressure loss Ap” - Ap’ related to the differential
types of classical Venturi tubes, but within the limits pressure Ap:
of use specified in 10.1.5.2,10.1.5.3 or 10.1.5.4as
appropriate. A,’’ - A,D‘
r =.
AP
10.1.7 Uncertainty of the discharge coefficient C
It depends, in particular, on
10.1.7.1 Classical Venturi tube with an “as cast”
convergent section - thediameterratio (e decreaseswhen ß in-
creases):
The relative uncertainty of the discharge coefficient
as given in 10.1.5.2 is equal to 0,7 - thë Reynolds number (C decreases when Re,,in-
creases):
10.1.7.2 Classical Venturi tube wlth a machined
convergent section - the manufacturing characteristics of the Venturi
tube: angle of the divergent, manufacturingof the
The relative uncertainty of the discharge coefficient convergent, surface finish of the different parts,
as given in 10.1.5.3 is equal to 1 %Il). etc. (t increases when rp and k / D increase):

11) The differences between the uncertainties showontheonehandthenumber of results available for each type of
classical Venturi tube and on the other hand the more or less precise definition of the geometric profile.

-- ||| | |||||||

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33
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BSI B S * 1 0 4 2 : SEC*1.L 9 2 I1 6 2 4 b b 9 0 2 7 8 8 7 0 9 Bil
IS0 5167-1:1991(E)

+ II x II
I
n
1 Q \
Flow dlrectlon

Figure 10 - Pressure loss across a classical Venturi tube

- the
installation
conditions
(good
alignment, the value of the mean diameter. This requirement is
roughness of the upstream conduit, etc.). considered as satisfiedwhenthedeviationsinthe
length of any of themeasureddiameterscomply
For guidance, the relative value of the pressure loss withthesaidrequirement in respect of deviation
canbeacceptedasbeinggenerallybetween 5 OO/ from the mean.
and 20 %.
10.2.1.4 The divergent section (see figure 11) shall
Annex C gives, for guidance only, some information
be connected with the part E' of the throat without a
on the effect of these different factors on the values
r
the pressure loss is likely to have.
rounded part, but any burrs shall be removed.
The included angle of the divergent section, rp, shall
10.2 Venturinozzle be less than or equal to 30".
The length I, of the divergent section has practically
10.2.1Generalshape noinfluenceonthedischargecoefficient C. How-
ever,theincludedangle of thedivergentsection,
10.2.1.1
The profile of
the
Venturinozzle (see andhencethelength,doesinfluencethe pressure
figure 11) isaxisymmetric. It consists of a conver- loss.
gentsection,witharoundedprofile,a cylindrical
throat and a divergent section. 10.2.1.5 The Venturi nozzle may be truncated in the
same way as the classical
Venturi
tube
(see
10.2.1.2The upstream face is identical with that of 10.1.2.5).
an ISA 1932 nozzle (see figure 7).
10.2.1.6 The internal surfaces of the Venturi nozzle
The descriptions in 9.1.2.2 to 9.1.2.4 apply equally to shallhave a roughnesscriterion R, 10-4d (see
the Venturi nozzle. 6.1.2).

10,2,1,3 The throat (seefigure 11) consistsofa 10.2.2 Material and manufacture
part E of length0,3d which is the sameas for the ISA
1932 nozzle (see figure7) and a part E' of a length
10.2.2.1 The Venturinozzlemaybemanufactured
0,4d to 0,45d. from any material provided that it is in accordance
The value d of the diameter of the throat shall be withthedescription in 10.2.1 and will remain so
taken as the mean of measurements of at least four during use. In particular, the Venturi nozzle shall be
diameters
distributed in axial
planes
and at clean when the flow measurements are made.
approximately equal angles to each other.
10.2.2.2 The Venturi nozzle
is
usually
made of
The throat shall be cylindrical. No diameter of any metal,andshallbeerosionandcorrosionproof
cross-section shall differ by more than 0,05YOfrom against the fluid with which it is to be used.

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(E)
IS0 51 67-1 A991

ri!
l
a) truncated divergent sectfon b) non-truncated dfverpentsettlon

2
d<-D
3

Figure11 - Venturinozzles
--
|||

10.2.3Pressuretappings zle, which is the imaginary borderbetwe!en the parts


|
|||||||

E and E' of the cylindrical throat,


| | | |||

10.2.3.1Angularposition of pressuretappings The tappingsshall always~be large enough to en-


surethatcloggingbydirt or gasbubblesispre-
|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |

The centre-lines of thepressuretappingsmaybe vented.


located in any axial sector of the pipe. Attention is
drawn to the information given in 8.2. The diameter S, of theindividualtappingsinthe
throat of Venturi nozzles shall be less than or equal
10.2.3.2Upstreampressuretappings to 0,04d and moreover shall be between 2 mm and
---

10 mm.
The upstreampressuretappingsshallbecorner
tappings identical with those of an ISA 1932 nozzle, 10.2,4
Coefficients
as defined ln 8.2.2 (see also figures 11 and 12).
10.2.4.1Limitsofuse
10.2.3.3Throatpressuretapping
Venturinozzlesshallonlybeused in accordance
The throat pressure tapping shall comprise at least with this part of I S 0 5167 when
four
single
pressure
tappingsleading
into
an
annular chamber or piezometer ring. Annular slots 65 mm Q II, < 500 mm
or interrupted slots shall not be used.
d > 50 mm
The centre-lines of the pressure tappings shall meet
thecentre-lineoftheVenturinozzle,shallbe at 0,316 < /I 0,775
equal angles to each other, and shall lie in the plane
perpendicular to the centre-line of the Venturi noz- 1,5 x IO5 Re,, 2 x IO6

35
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I S 0 51 67-1
:I991(E)

In addition, the roughness of the pipe shall conform NOTE 7 Withinthe limits specified in 10.2.4.1, C is in-
with the values given in table 5. dependent of the Reynolds number and of the pipe diam-
eter D.
Most of the experiments on which the values of the
dischargecoefficient C arebasedwere carriedout 10.2.4.3 Expansiblllty[expansion]factor, c,
on a with
relative
roughnesspipes
k / D Q 3,8 x Pipes with higher
relative The indicationsgiven
in 9.1.6.3 also apply to the
roughnessmay be used if theroughnessoveraexpansibility[expansion]factorforVenturinozzles,
distance of at least IOD upstreamoftheprimary but withinthelimitsof use specified in 10.2.4.1.
device is within the limits of table5 (see 8.3.1 for the
estimation of k/D). 10.2.5 Uncertainties
10,2.4.2 Dischargecoefficient, C
10.2.5.1 Uncertainty of discharge coefficient C
The discharge coefficient, C, is given by the formula
Within the limitsof usespecifiedin 10.2.4.1 and
C = 0,985 8 - 0,I 96ß4,5 when ß is assumed to known bewithout error,
the
relative uncertainty of the values of the discharge
Values of C as afunction of P aregivenfor con- coefficient C’, inpercent,isequal to
venience in tableA.16. They are not intended for
precise
interpolation.
Extrapolation
is not permitted. (1,2 + 1,5p4)

a) wlth amular dot

---
|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |
| | | |||
Flow directfon
-c

|||||||
|
|||
--

Figure 12 - Venturi nozzle fitted with a carrier ring

36
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I
E S 1 ES*1042: SECxL.1 92 m 1b24bb9 0298873 4 I.
IS0 -5167-1 :199l(E)

10.2.5.2Uncertainty of expansibility[expansion] errors


having a distribution
conforming to the
factor Laplace-Gauss normal.law.

The relative uncertainty, in per cent, of EI is equal to The uncertainty of the flow measurementso defined
is, in practice, equivalent to twice the standard de-
viation used in statistical. terminology and it is ob-
(4 + loo/?*)-
AP
P1 tained by combining the partial uncertainties on the
individualquantitieswhichareusedin-the calcu-
10.2.6Pressure loss lation of the flow-rafe, assuming them to-be small,
numerous and independent of each other.
The indications given in 10.1.9 also apply to Venturi
nozzles when the divergent angleis not greater than 11.1.5 Forconvenienceadistinctionis'made be-
15". tweentheuncertaintieslinked to measurements
made by theuserandthoselinked to quantities
specified in this part of IS0 5167. The latter uncer-
11 Uncertaintiesonthemeasurement of taintiesareonthedischargecoefficient andthe
flow-rate expansibility [expansion] factor;' they give'the mini-
mum Uncertainty withwhichthemeasurement is
Useful general information for calculation of the un- unavoidably tainted, since the user has no control
certaintyof ameasurement of flow-rate; together over these values. They occur because small väri-
with an example, are given in IS0 5168. atiòns in the geometry of the device are allowed and
.because the investigations on.which.the values have
11.1Definitionofuncertainty been based could npt be made under "ideal" con-
ditions, nor without some uncertainty.
11.1.1 For the purposes of this part of I S 0 5167 the
uncertaintyisdefined as a range of valueswithin 11.2 Practicalcomputationaftheuncertainty
whichthe true value of themeasurementisesti-
mated to lie at the 95 ?Lo probability level.
11.2.1 The basicformula of computationof the
Insome cases, theconfidencelevelwhichcanbe mass rate of flow q, is
associated with this range of values will be greater
than 95 ?Lo, but this will be so only where the value
of a quantity used in the calculation of flow-rate is
known with a confidence level in excess of 95 Yo; in
such a case, reference shall be made to I S 0 5168. In fact, the various quantities which appear on the
right-hand side of this formula are not independent,
11.1.2 The uncertainty on the measurement of the so that it is not correct to compute the uncertainty
flow-rateshall be calculated and givenunder this of qm directly from the uncertainties of these quanti-
name whenever a measurement is claimed to be in ties.
conformity with this part of I S 0 5167.
' For example, C is a function of d , D, K , U , , V I and
11.1.3 The uncertaintycan be expressed in abso-
el andEI is a function of d, D,Ap, p l and K.

lute or relativeterms andtheresult ofthe flow


measurement can then be given in any one of the 11.2.1.1 However, it is sufficient,formostpractical
following forms: purposes, to assume that the uncertainties of C, EI,
d, Ap and e l are independent of each other.
rate of flow = q Fq
11.2.1.2 A practicalworkingformulafor 6q, may
rate of flow = q(1 I): e) then be derived, which takes account of the interde-
pendence of C on d and D which enters into the
rate of flow = q within (100e) ?Lo calculation as a consequence of the dependence of
C on ß. It shall be notedthat C mayalso be de-
wheretheuncertainty 6q shallhavethesamedi- pendent on the Reynolds number Re., However, the
mensions as q while eq = Fq/q and is dimensionless.
deviations of C due to theseinfluences areof a
second order and are included in the uncertainty on
11.1.4 Althoughforonesinglemeasuringdevice C.
and for coefficients used in one test, some of these
partial uncertainties may in reality be the result of Similarly, the deviations of EI which are due to un-
systematic errors(ofwhichonly an estimationof cetjainties in the value of /?,the. pressure ratio and
their maximum absolute value can be known) their .the isentropic exponent are also of a second order
combinationispermitted as if they wererandom and are included in the uncertainty on EI.

-- ||| | ||||||| | | | |||

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11.2.1.3 Theuncertaintieswhichshallbeincluded 11.2.2.1 Intheformulaabove,thevalues of SC/C


in a practical working formula for Fq, are therefore and of shall
be
taken
from
the
appropriate
those of the quantities C, E I , d, D,Ap and QI. clauses of this part of IS05167.

11.2.2 The practical working formula for the uncer- 11.2.2.2 When the straight lengths are such that an
tainty, 6q,, of the mass rate of flow is as follows: additional uncertainty of 0,5 YO is to be considered,
this additional uncertainty shall be added in accord-
ancewiththe requirementsgivenin 7.2.4 andnot
quadratically as with the other uncertainties in the
formulaabove.Otheradditionaluncertainties(see
7.5.1.4 and 7.5.2.3) shall be added in the same way.

11.2.2.3 In the formula above the maximum values


of 6 D / D and 6d/d, whichcanbederivedfromthe
specifications given in clause 7 and in 8.1.7, 9.1.2.5,
9.2.2.3, 10.1.2.3 and 10.2.1.3, canbeadopted or al-
ternativelythesmalleractualvaluescanbecom-
putedbytheuser. (The maximumvaluefor FD/D
may be taken as 0,4 Yowhile the maximum value for
In the formula above someof the uncertainties, such Fd/d may be taken as 0,07 YO.)
as those on the discharge
coefficient
and
expansibility[expansion]factor,aregiveninthis 11.2.2.4 The valuesof GAp/Ap and F Q , / Q ~shall be
part of I S 0 5167 (see 11.2.2.1 and 11.2.2.2). while determined by
the
user
because
this
part of
others have to be determined by theuser(see I S 0 5167 does notspecify in detailthemethod of
11.2.2.3 and 11i2.2.4). measurement of the quantities Ap and QI.

I
--
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|
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|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |
---

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IS0 5167-1:199l(E)

Annex A
(informative)

Tables of discharge coefficients and expansibility [expansion] factors

Diameter
r
Table A.l - Orlflce plate wlth corner tappings - Dlscharge coefflclent, C
Discharge coefncient,C, for Re,, equal to
.
ratio
P 5x103 1 x104 2x104
3x104
6x104 7x104 1 x105 3x105 1 x 108 1 x107 1 x 108 o0

0,20 0,5997 0,598 6 0,597 9 0,597 7 0,597 5 0,597 3 0,597 3 0,597 1 0,597 O 0;597-O 0,597 O 0,597 O
0,22 0,6006 0,5993 0,598 4 0,598 1 0,597 8 0,597 7 0,597 6 0,597 4 0,597 3 0,597 2 0,597 2 0,597 2
0,24 0,601 8 0,6000 0,5990 0,598 6 0,598 2 0,598 1 0,597 9 0,597 7 0,597 5 0,597 5 0,597 5 0,597 5
0,26 0,603 1 0,6009 0,5996 0,599 1 0,598 7 0,598 5 0,598 3 0,598 O 0,597 8 0,597 8 0,597 7 0,597 7
0,28 0,604 4 0,601 9 0,6003 0,599 7 0,599 2 0,598 9 . 0,598 7 0,598 3 0,598 2 0,598 I 0,598 I 0,598 O

0,30 0,6060 0,602 9 0,601 1 0,6004 0,599 7 0,5994 0,5992 0,598 7 0,598 5 0,598 4 0,598 4 0,598 4
0,32 0,607 7 0,6040 0,601 9 0,601 1 0,6003 0,6000 0,5997 0,5991 0,598 9 9,598 8 0,598 7 0,598 7
0 3 0,6095 0,6053 0,602 8 0,601 8 0,601 O 0,6005 0,6002 0,5996 0,599 3 0;599 1 0,599 1 0,599 1
0,36 0,6115 0,6066 0,6037 0,6026 0,601 6 0,601 2 0,6008 0,6001 0,599 7 0,599 5 0,599 5 0,599 5
0,38 0,613 6 0,608 1 0,604 8 0,6035 0,602 4 0,601 8 0,601 4 0,6005 0,600 2 0,600 O 0,599 9 0,599 9

0,40 0,6159 0,6096 0,6059 0,6044 0,603 1 0,6025 0,6020 0,601 I 0,6006 0,600 4 0,600 3 0,600 3
0,42 0,6184 0,611 3 0,6070 0,6054 0,6039 0,6032 0,6026 0,601 6 0,601 1 0,600 8 0,600 8 O,6W 8
0,44 0,621 O 0,6130 0,608 2 0,6064 0,604 7 0,6039 0,603 3 0,602 1 0,601 6 0,601 3 0,601 2 0,601 2
0,46 0,6238 0,614 8 0,6095 0,6074 0,6056 0,604 7 0,6040 0,602 7 0,602 1 0,601 7 0,601 7 $601 6

---
0,48 - 0,6167 0,6108 0,6085 0,6064 0,6055 0,6047 0,6032 0,602 5 0,602 1 0,602 1 3,602 1

|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |
0,50 - 0,618 7 0,612 1 0,6096 0,6073 0,6062 0,6053 0,6037 0,603 O 0,602 6 0,602 5 3,602 5
0,51 - 0,6197
0,612 8 0,610 1 0,607 7 0,606 ti 0,6057 0,6040 0,603 2 0,602 7 0,6027 3,602 6
0,52 - 0,620 7 0,6135 0,6107 0,608 2 0,607 O 0,606 O . 0,604 2 0,603 4 0,602 9 0,602 8 3,602 8
0,53 - 0,621 7 0,614 I 0,611 2 0,608 6 0,607 3 0,6063 0,6044 0,603 6 0,603 I 0,603 O 3,603 O
0,54 - 0,6228 0,6148 0,611 7 0,6090 0,6077 0,6066 0,6047 0,603 7 0,603 2 0,603 1 3,603 1

| | | |||
0,55 - 0,623 8 0,6155 0,612 3 0,6094 0,608 O 0,606 9 0,604 9 0,603 9 0,603 4 0,603 3 0,603 2
- 0,603 4

|||||||
0,56 0,6249 0,6162 0,6128 0,6098 0,6084 0,607 2 (3,605ö 0,604 O 0,603 5 0,603 4
0,57 - 0,608 7 0,604 f 0,603 6 0,603 5 0,603 4
0,6259 0,6168 0,6133 0,6102 0,6074 0,6052
-

|
0,58 0,627 O 0,617 5 0,613 8 0,6105 0,608 9 0,607 7 0,6053 0,604 2 0,603 6 0,603 5 D,603 5

|||
0,59 - 0,628 O 0,618 1 0,614 3 0,6108 0,6092 0,607 9 0,6054 0,604 3 0,603 6 0,603 5 0,603 5

--
0,60 - 0,604 3 0,603 6 0,603 5 0,603 5
0,6291 0,618 7 0,6147
0,611 0,6094
1
0,6080
0,6055
0,61 - 0,630 1 0,6193 0,615 1 0,61 I4 0,609 6 0,608 2 0,6055 0,604 3. 0,603 6 0,603 4 0,603 4
0,62 - 0,631 1 0,619 8 0,6155 0,611 6 0,609 8 0,608-3 0,6055 0,604 2 0,603 5 0,603 3 0,603 3
0,63 - 0,632 O 0,6203 0,615 8 0,611 8 0,6ö9 9 0,608 3 - 0,6054 0,604 1 0,603 3 0,603 2 0,603 2
0,64 - 0,6330
0,6208 0,616 1 0,611 9 0,6099 0,6083 0,6053 0,603 9 0,603 1 0,603 O 0,602 9

0,65 - 0,6339 0,621 2 0,6164 0,6120


0,6099 0,608 2 0,605 1 0,603 7 0,602 8 0;602 7 0,602 7
0,66 - 0,6348
0,621 6 0,6165 0,612 O 0,6099 0,608 1 0,6048. 0,603 3 0,602 5 0,602 3 0,602 3
0,67 - 0,635 6 0,621 9 0,616 7 0,612 O 0,609 7 0,607 9 0,6045 0,602.9 0,602 1 0,601 9 0,601 9
0,68 - 0,602 5 0,601 6 0,601 4 0,601 4
0,6363 0,6222 0,6167 ~ 0,611 8 0,6095
0,6076 0,604 1
0,69 - 0,6370 0,6223 0,6167 0,611 6 0,6092 0,607 2 0,6036 0,601 9 0,601 O 0,600 8 0,600 8

0,70 - 0,637 6 0,622 4 0,6165 0,611 3 0,608 8 0,606 7 . 0,6030 0,601 2 0,600 3 0,600 1 0,600 O
0,71 - 0,638 2 0,6224
0,6163
0,6109 0,608 3 0,606.0,602
1 3 0,600 4 0,599 4 0,599 3 0,599 2
0,72 - 0,638 6 0,622 2 0,6160 0,610 3 0,607
6. 0,6054 0,601 4 0,599 5 0,598 5 0,598 3 0,598 3
0,73 - 0,6389 0,6220 0,6155
0,6097
0,6069
0,6046
0,6004 0,598 5 0,597 4 0,597 2 0,597 2
0,74 - 0,639 1 0,621 6 0,6149 0,608 9 0,6060
0,6036 0,5993 0,597 3 0,596 2 0,596 O 0,595 9

0,75 - 0,6392 0,621 1 0,614 1 0,607 9 0,604 9 0,602 5 0,598 O 0,595 9 0,594 8 0,594 6 0,5945
-
NOTE - T t table is given for convenience. The values given are not Intended for preclse Ïnt Dolation,

39
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Table A.2 - Orifice plate with D and D / 2 tappings - Dlscharge coefficient, C


Diameter
Discharge coefncient, C, for Re, equal to
ratio
P
0,20
0,22
0,24
0,26
0,28
1 x104 2 x 104

0,597 9
0,598 4
0,598 9
0,599 5
0,600 2
3 x 104

0,597 6
0,598 O
0,598 5
0,599 O
0,599 6
S X

0,597 4
0,597 7
0,598 1
0,598 6
0,599 I
104

I
7 x 104

0,597 3
0,597 6
0,598 o
0,598 4
0,598 8
1 X

0,597 2
0,597 5
0,597 8
0,598 2
0,598 6
105

t 3 x 105

0,597 O
0,597 3
0,597 6
0,597 9
0,598 2
1 x 108

0,596 9
0,597 2
0,597 4
0,597 7
0,598 1
1 X

0,596 9
0,597 I
0,597 4
0,597 7
0,598 O
107 1 x 108

0,596 9
0,597 1
0,597 4
0,597 6
0,597 9
"
W

0,596 9
0,597 1
0,597 4
0,597 6
0,597 9

0,30 0,601 O 0,600 3 0,599 6 0,599 3 0,599 1 0,598 6 0,598 4 0,598 3 0,598 3 0,598 3
0,32 0,601 8 0,601 O 0,600 2 0,599 9 0,599 6 0,599 O 0,598 8 0,598 7 0,598 6 0,598 6
0134 0,602 7 0,601 7 0,600 9 0,600 4 0,600 I 0,599 5 0,599 2 0,599 O 0,599 O 0,599 O
0,36 C,603 7 0,602 6 0,601 6 0,601 1 0,600 7 0,600 O 0,599 7 0,599 5 0,599 4 0,5994
0,38 0,604 7 0,603 5 0,602 3 0,601 8 0,601 3 0,600 5 0,600 1 0,599 9 0,599 9 0,599 9

0,40 0,605 9 0,604 4 0,603 1 0,602 5 0,602 O 0,601 1 0,600 6 0,600 4 0,600 4 0,600 3
0,42 0,607 I 0,605 4 0,604 O 0,603 3 0,602 7 0,601 7 0,601 2 0,600 9 0,600 9 0,600 8
0,44 0,608 4 0,606 5 0,604 9 0,604 I 0,603 5 0,602 3 0,601 7 0,601 4 0,601 4 0,601 4
0,46 0,609 8 0,607 7 0,605 9 0,605 O 0,604 3 0,603 O 0,602 3 0,602 O 0,601 9 0,601 9
0,48 0,611 2 0,608 9 0,606 9 0,605 9 0,605 I 0,603 6 0,603 O 0,602 6 0,602 5 0,602 5

0,50 0,612 7 0,61O 2 0,607 9 0,606 8 0,606 O 0,604 3 0,603 6 0,603 2 0,603 1 0,603 1
0,51 0,6135 0,61O 8 0,608 5 0,607 3 0,606 4 0,604 7 0,603 9 0,603 5 0,603 4 0,603 4
0,52 0,614 3 0,61 I5 0,609 O 0,607 8 0,606 8 0,605 1 0,604 2 0,603 8 0,603 7 0,603 7
0,53 0,615 1 0,612 2 0,609 6 0,608 3 0,607 3 0,605 4 0,604 6 0,604 I 0,604 O 0,604 O
0,54 0,615 9 0,612 9 0,61O 1 0,608 8 0,607 7 0,605 8 0,604 9 0,604 4 0,604 3 0,604 3

0,55 0,616 8 0,613 6 0,610 7 0,609 3 0,608 2 0,606 I 0,605 2 0,604 7 0,604 6 0,604 5
0,56 0,617 6 0,614 3 0,611 3 0,609 8 0,608 7 0,606 5 0,605 5 0,604 9 0,604 8 0,604 8
0,57 - 0,615 O 0,611 8 0,610 3 0,609 1 0,606 9 0,605 8 0,605 2 0,605 1 0,605 1
0,58 - 0,615 7 0,612 4 0,61O 8 0,609 5 0,607 2 0,606 1 0,605 5 0,605 4 0,605 4
0,59 - 0,616 4 0,613 O 0,611 3 0,610 O 0,607 5 0,606 4 0,605 8 0,605 6 0,605 6

0,60 - 0,617 1 0,613 5 0,611 8 0,6104 0,607 9 0,606 7 0,606 O 0,605 9 0,605 9
0,61 - 0,617 8 0,614 1 0,612 3 0,610 8 0,608 2 0,606 9 0,606 2 0,606 1 0,606 I
0,62 - 0,618 5 0,614 6 0,612 8 0,611 2 0,608 5 0,607 2 0,606 5 0,606 3 0,606 3
0,63 - 0,619 2 0,615 I 0,613 2 0,611 6 0,608 7 0,607 4 0,606 7 0,606 5 0,606 5
0,m - 0,619 8 0,615 6 0,613 6 0,612 O 0,609 O 0,607 6 0,606 8 0,606 7 0,606 7

---
|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |
0,s - 0,620 5 0,616 1 0,614 O 3,612 3 0,609 2 0,607 8 0,607 O 0,606 8 0,606 8
0,66 - 0,621 I 0,616 6 0,614 4 3,612 7 0,609 4 0,607 9 0,607 1 0,606 9 0,606 9
0,67 - 0,621 7 0,617 O 0,614 8 3,613 O 0,609 6 0,608 O 0,607 2 0,607 O 0,607 O
0,68 - 0,622 3 0,617 5 0,615 I 2,613 2 0,609 7 0,608 1 0,607 2 0,607 O 0,607 O
0,69 - D,622 9 0,617 8 0,615 4 J61 3 4 0,609 8 0,608 1 0,607 2 0,607 O 0,607 O

| | | |||
0,70 - "
0,618 2 0,615 7 2,613 6 0,609 9 0,608 1 0,607 1 0,607 O 0,606 9
0,71 - - 0,618 5 0,615 9 1,613 8 0,609 9 0,608 1 0,607 1 0,606 9 0,606 8
0,72 - 0,618 7 0,616 1 3,613 9 0,609 8 0,608 O 0,606 9 0,606 7 0,606 7'

|||||||
- "

0,73 - - 0,619 O 0,616 2 4613 9 0,609 7 0,607 8 0,606 7 0,606 5 0,606 5


0,74 - - 0,619 1 0,616 3 1,613 9 0,609 6 0,607 6 0,606 5 0,606 3 0,606 2
|
|||

0,75 - 0,619 3 0,616 3 1,613 8 0,609 4 0,607 3 0,606 2 0,605 9 0,605 9


--

,'
"
I

-
NOTE - Thls ed for trapolat I Is not permitted.

40
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E S 1 BS*LO'iZ: SEC*L.L-q2 W L b 2 4 b b 90 2 9 8 8 7 7 L E
I S 0 51 67-1:1991(E)

Table A.3 - Orifice plate with flange tappings - Discharge coefficient, C, for D = 50 mm
Diameter Dlrcharge coemclent, C, tar R equal to
ratio
ß 2x104 3x104 5 x 10, 7 x 104 1 X 105 3 X 105 1 x10-9 1 x.107 1 x 108 W

0,597 6
-0,597 5
0,25 0,599 2 0,598 7 0,598 3 0,598 1 0,598 O 0,597 7 0,597 5 0,597 5

0,26 0,599 5 0,599 O 0,598 6 0,598 4 0,598 2 0,597 9 0,597 7 0,597 6 0,597 6 0,597 6
0,28 0,6002 0,599 6 0,599 O 0,598 8 0,598 6 0,598 2 0,598 O 0,597 9 0,597 9 0,597 9

0,30 0,6009 0,6002 0,599 6 0,599 3 0,599 O 0,598 6 0,598 4 0,598 3 0,598 2 0,598 2
0,32 0,601 7 0,6009 0,600 2 0,599 8 0,599 5 0,599 O 0,598 8 0,598 8 0,598 6 0,598 6
0334 0,602 6 0,601 7 0,600 8 0,6004 0,600 1 0,599 4 0,599 2 0,599 O 0,599 O 0,599 O
0,36 0,603 6 0,602 5 0,601 5 0,601 O 0,600 6 0,599 9 0,599 6 0,599 4 0,599 4 0,599 4
0,38 0,604 7 0,603 4 '0,602 2 0,601 7 0,601 3 0,6004 0,600 I 0,599 8 0,599 8 0,599 8

0,40 0,605 8 0,604 3 0,603 O 0,602 4 0,601 9 0,601 O 0,600 6 0,600 3 0,6003 0,6003
0,42 0,607 O 0,6054 0,603 9 0,603 2 0,602 6 0,601 6 0,601 1 0,600 8 0,600 8 0,6008
0,44 0,608 3 0,606 4 0,604 8 0,604 O 0,603 4 0,602 2 0,601 6 0,601 3 0,601 3 0,601 3
0,46 0,609 6 0,607 6 0,605 7 0,604 9 0,604 1 0,602 8 0,602 2 0,601 9 0,601 8 0,601 8
0,48 0,611 1 0,608 8 0,606 7 0,605 8 0,605 O 0,603 5 0,602 8 0,602 4 0,602 4 0,602 4

0,50 0,612 6 0,61 O O 0,607 8 0,606 7 0,605 8 0,604 2 0,603 4 0,603 O 0,602 9 0,602 9
0,51 0,613 3 0,610 7 0,608 3 0,607 2 0,606 2 0,6045 0,603 7 0,603 3 0,603 2 0,603 2
0,52 0,614 I 0,611 3 0,608 8 0,607 6 0,606 7 0,604 9 0,604 1 0,603 6 0,603 5 0,603 5
0,53 0,614 9 0,612 O 0,609 4 0,608 1 0,607 i 0,6052 0,604 4 0,603 9 0,603 8 0,603 8
0,54 0,615 7 0,612 7 0,609 9 0,6086 0,607 5 0,605 6 0,604 7 0,604 2 0,604 1 0,604 1

0,55 0,616 6 0,613 4 0,6105 0,609 1 0,608 O 0,605 9 0,605 O 0,604 4 0,6U4 0,604 3
0,56 0,617 4 0,614 O 0,611 O 0,609 6 0,608 4 0,606 3 0,605 3 0,604 7 0,604 6 0,604 6
0,57 - 0,614 7 0,611 6 0,610 1 0,608 9 0,606 6 0,605 6 0,605 O 0,604 9 0,604 9
0,58 - 0,615 4 0,612 1 0,610 6 0,609 3 0,607 O 0,605 9 0,605 3 0,605 I 0,605 I
0,59 - 0,616 1 0,612 7 0,611 1 0,609 7 0,607 3 0,606 1 0,6055 0,605 4 0,605 4

0,60 - 0,616 8 0,613 2 0,611 5 0,610 1 0,607 6 0,606 4 0,605 7 0,6056 0,605 6
0,61 - 0,617 5 0,613 8 0,612 O 0,61 O 5 0,607 9 0,606 6 0,606 O 0,605 8 O1605 8
0,62 - 0,618 2 0,614 3 0,612 4 0,61 O 9 0,608 2 0,606 9 0,606 2 0,606 O 0,606 O
0,63 - 0,618 8 0,614 8 0,612 9 0,61 I3 0,608 4 0,607 1 0,606 3 0,606 2 0,606 2
0,64 - 0,619 5 0,615 3 0,613 3 0,611 7 0,608 7 0,607 3 0,606 5 0,606 3 0,606 3

o,= - 0,620 1 0,615 8 0,613 7 0,612 O 0,608 9 0,607 4 0,606 6 0,606 5 0,606 4
0,66 - 0,620 8 0,616 2 0,614 1 0,612 3 0,609 1 0,607 6 0,606 7 0,606 6 0,606 5
0,67 - 0,621 4 0,616 7 0,6144 0,612 6 0,609 2 0,607 6 0,606 8 0,606 6 0,606 6
0,68 - 0,621 9 0,617 1 0,614 7 0,612 8 0,6093 0,607 7 0,606 8 0,606 6 0,606 6
0,69 - 0,622 5 0,1317 4 0,615 O 0,1313 O 0,609 4 0,607 7 0,606 8 0,606 6 0,606 6

0,70 - - 0,617 7 0,615 2 0,613 2 0,609 4 0,607 7 0,606 7 0,606 5 0,606 5


0,71 - - 0,618 O 0,615 4 0,613 3 0,609 4 0,607 6 0,606 6 0,606 4 0,606 4
0,72 - - 0,618 3 0,615 6 0,613 4 0,609 4 0,607 5 0,606 4 0,606 2 0,606 2
0,73 -. - 0,618 5 0,615 7 0,613 4 0,609 2 0,607 3 0,606 2 0,606 O 0,606 O
0,74 - - 0,618 6 0,615 7 0,613 4 0,609 1 0,607 1 0,605 9 0,605 7 0,605 7

0,75 - - 0,618 7 0,615 7 0,613 3 0,608 8 0,606 0 0,605 6 0,605 4 0,605 4


A

xtrapolai n is not permitted.

-- ||| | ||||||| | | | ||| |||| ||||||||||| | || || | | --- 41


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Discharge coemcle C, for Rec equal lo,
2 X 104 3 xo
l4 6 xo
l4 7 x 104 1 x 10s 3 x 105 1 x 100 1 x 107 1 x 108 O0

0,597 9 0,597 6 0,597 4 0,597 3 0,597 2 0,597 O 0,597 O 0,596 9 0,596 9 0,596 9
0,598 4 0,598 1 0,597 8 0,597 6 0,597 5 0,597 3 0,597 2 0,597 2 0,597 1 0,597 1
0,598 9 0,598 5 0,598 2 0,598 O 0,597 9 0,597 6 0,597 5 0,597 4 0,597 4 0,597 4
0,599 6 0,599 1 0,598 6 0,598 4 0,598 2 0,597 9 0,597 8 0,597 7 0,597 7 0,597 7
0,600 2 0,599 7 0,599 1 0,598 9 0,598 7 0,598 3 0,598 1 0,598 O 0,598 O 0,598 O

0,601 O 0,600 3 0,599 7 0,599 4 0,599 1 0,598 7 0,598 5 0,598 3 0,598 3 0,598 3
0,601 8 0,601 O 0,600 3 0,599 9 0,599 6 0,599 1 0,598 8 0,598 7 0,598 7 0,598 7
0,602 7 0,601 8 0,600 9 0,600 5 0,600 2 0,599 6 0,599 3 0,599 1 0,599 1 0,599 1
0,603 7 0,602 6 0,601 6 0,601 1 0,600 8 0,600 O 0,599 7 0,599 5 0,599 5 0,599 5
0,604 8 0,603 5 0,602 4 0,601 8 0,601 4 0,600 6 0,600 2 0,600 O 0,599 9 0,599 9

0,605 9 0,604 5 0,603 2 0,602 6 0,602 1 0,601 1 0,600 7 0,6005 0,600 4 0,600 4
0,607 1 0,605 5 0,604 O 0,603 3 0,602 8 0,601 7 0,601 2 0,601 O 0,600 9 0,600 9
0,608 4 0,606 6 0,604 9 0,604 2 0,603 5 0,602 3 0,601 8 0,601 5 0,601 4 0,601 4
0,609 8 0,607 7 0,605 9 0,605 O 0,604 3 0,603 O 0,602 4 0,602 O 0,602 O 0,602 O
- 0,608 9 0,606 9 0,605 9 0,605 1 0,603 6 0,603 O 0,602 6 0,602 5 0,602 5
- 0,610 2 0,607 9 0,606 8 0,605 9 0,604 3 0,603 6 0,603 2 0,603 1 0,603 1
- 0,61O 8 0,608 4 0,607 3 0,606 4 0,604 7 0,603 9 0,603 4 0,603 4 0,603 3
- 0,61 I5 0,609 O 0,607 8 0,606 8 0,605 O 0,604 2 0,603 7 0,603 6 0,603 6
- 0,612 I 0,609 5 0,608 2 0,607 2 0,605 4 0,604 5 0,604 O 0,603 9 0,603 9
- 0,612 8 0,610 O 0,608 7 0,607 7 0,605 7 0,604 8 0,604 3 0,604 2 0,604 2
- 0,613 4 0,61 O 6 0,609 2 0,608 1 0,606 O 0,605 1 0,604 5 0,604 4 0,604 4
- 0,614 1 0,611 1 0,609 7 0,608 5 0,606 4 0,605 4 0,604 8 0,604 7 0,604 7
- - 0,611 6 0,610 1 0,608 9 0,606 7 0,605 6 0,605 O 0,604 9 0,604 9
- - 0,612 2 0,610 6 0,609 3 0,607 O 0,605 9 0,605 3 0,605 2 0,605 1
- - 0,612 7 0,611 1 0,609 7 0,607 3 0,606 1 0,605 5 0,605 4 0,605 4
- - 0,613 2 0,61 I5 0,610 1 0,607 6 0,606 4 0,605 7 0,605 6 0,605 6
- - 0,613 7 0,611 9 0,61O 5 0,607 8 0,606 6 0,605 9 0,605 8 0,605 7
- - 0,614 2 0,612 3 0,61 O 8 0,608 O 0,606 8 0,606 O 0,605 9 0,605 9
- - 0,614 6 0,612 7 0,611 1 0,608 3 0,606 9 0,606 2 0,606 O 0,606 O
- - 0,615 1 0,613 1 0,611 4 0,608 4 0,607 O 0,606 3 0,606 1 0,606 1
- - 0,6155 0,613 4 0,611 7 0,608 6 0,607 1 0,606 3 0,606 2 0,606 2
- - 0,615 9 0,613 7 0,611 9 0,608 7 0,607 2 0,606 4 0,606 2 0,606 2
- - 0,616 2 0,614 O 0,612 1 0,608 8 0,607 2 0,606 3 0,606 2 0,606 1
- - 0,616 5 0,614 2 0,612 3 0,608 8 0,607 2 0,606 3 0,606 1 0,606 1
- - 0,616 8 0,614 4 0.61 2 4 0,606 8 0,607 1 0,606 1 0,606 O 0,605 9
- - 0,617 O 0,614 5 0,612 4 0,608 7 0,606 9 0,606 O 0,605 8 0,605 8
- - 0,617 2 0,614 6 0,612 4 0,608 6 0,606 7 0,605 7 0,605 6 0,605 5
- - 0,617 3 0,614 6 0,612 4 0,608 4 0,606 5 0,605 4 0,605 2 0,605 2
- - - 0,614 5 0,612 2 0,606 1 0,606 1 0,605 1 0,604 9 0,604 8
- - - 0,614 4 0,612 O 0,607 7 0,605 7 0,604 6 0,604 4 0,604 4
- - - 0,614 2 0,611 8 0,607 3 0,605 2 0,604 1 0,603 9 0,603 8

42 -- ||| | ||||||| | | | ||| |||| ||||||||||| | || || | | ---

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19:00:52 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document
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í S 0 5167-1:1991(Ej

Table A.5 - Orifice plate with flange tappings - DisCharië coefficient, C, for D = 100 mm
. . ...
Dlarnetcr Discharge coefflclenf, C, for R equal to
rallo
ß S X 103 1 x104 2 xo
l4 3x104 ìi x 104 7 X 104 1 X 103 3 X 103 1 x 108 1 X 107 1 x 108 O0
"

0,20 0,597 6 0,597 4 0,597 3 0,597 2 0,597 1 0,597 o 0,596 9 0,596 9 0,596 9
0,22 0,598 1 0,597 8 0,597 6 0,597 5 0,597 3 0,597 2 0,597 2 0,597 2 0,597 2
0,24 0,598 5 0,598 2 0,598 o 0,597 9 0,597 6 0,597 5 0,597 4 0,597 4 0,597 4
0,26 0,599 1 0,598 6 0,598 4 0,598 3 0,597 9 0,597 8 0,597 7 0,597 7 0,597 7
0,28 0,599 7 0,599 I 0,598 9 0,598 t 0,598 3 0,598 I 0,598 o 0,598 o 0,598 O

0,30 0,600 3 0,599 7 0,599 4 0,599 I 0,598 7 0,598 5 0,598 4 0,598 3 0,598 3
0,32 0,601 O 0,600 3 0,599 9 0,599 6 0,599 I 6,598 9 0,598 7 0,598 7 0,598 7
0,34 0,601 8 0,600 9 0,600 5 0,600 2 0,599 6 0,599 3 0,599 1 0,599 1 0,599 I
0,36 0,602 6 0,601 6 0,601 1 0,600 8 0,600 O 0,599 7 0,599 5 0,599 5 0,599 5
0,38 0,603 5 0,602 4 0,601 8 0,601 4' 0,600 6 0,600 2 0,600 O 0,599 9 0,599 9

0,40 0,604 5 0,603 2 0,602 5 0,602 0 0,601 1. 0,600 7 0,600 4 0,600 4 0,600 4
0,42 0,605 5 0,604 O 0,603 3 0,602 7 0,601 7 0,601 2 0,600 9 0,600 9 0,600 9
0,44 0,606 5 0,604 9 0,604 1 0,603 5 0,602 3 0,601 7 0,601 4 0,601 4 0,601 4
0,46 0,607 7 0,605 8 0,604 9 0,604 2 0,602 9 0,602 3 0,602 O 0,601 9 0,601 9
0,48 0,608 8 0,606 8 0,605 8 0,605 O 0,603 5 0,602 9 0,602 5 0,602 4 0,602 4

0,50 - 0,607 8 0,606 7 0,605 8 0,604 2 0,603 4 0,603 O 0,602 9 0,602 9


0,51 - 0,608 3 0,607 1 0,606 2 0,604 5 0,603 7 0,603 3 0,603 2 0,603 2
0,52 - 0,608 8 0,607 6 0,606 6 0,604 8 0,604 O 0,603 5 0,603 4 0,603 4
0,53 - 0,609 3 0,608 O 0,607 O 0,605 1 0,604 3 0,603 8 0,603 7 0,603 7
0,54 - 0,609 8 0,608 5 0,607 4 0,605 4 0,604 5 0,604 O 0,603 9 0,603 9

0,55 - 0,61 O 3 0,608 9 0,607 B 0,605 7 0,604 8 0,604 2 0,604 1 6,604 1


0,56 - 0,610 8 0,609 3 0,608 2 0,606 O 0,605 O 0,604 5 0,604 4 0,604 3
0,57 - 0,611 3 0,609 8 0,608 5 0,606 3 0,605 3 0,604 7 0,604 6 0,604 5
0,58 - 0,611 8 0,61 o 2 0,608 9 0,606 6 0,605 5 0,604 9 0,604 8 0,604 7
0,59 - 0,612 2 0,610 6 0,609 3 0,606 8 0,605 7 0,605 O 0,604 9 0,604 9

0,60 - 0,612 7 0,611 O 0,609 6 0,607 0 0,605 8 0,605 2 0,605 1 0,605 O


0,61 - 0,613 1 0,611 3 0,609 9 4,607 2 0,606 O 0,605 3 0,605 2 0,605 2
0,62 - 0,613 5 0,611 7 0,610 2 0,607 4 0,606 1 0,605 4 0,605 3 0,665 2
0,63 - 0,613 9 0,612 O 0,61O 4 0,607 5 0,606 2 0,605 5 0,605 3 0,605 3
OS64 - - 0,612 3 0,6107 0,607 7 0,606 3 0,605 5 0,605 3 0,605 3

0965 - - 0,612 5 0,610 8 0,607 7 0,606 3 0,605 5 0,605 3 0,605 3


0,66 - - 0,612 7 0,61 IO 0,607 7 0,606 2 0,605 4 6,605 2 0,605 2
0,67 - - 0,612 9 0,611 1 0,607 7 0,606 1 0,605 3 0,605 1 0,605 1
0,68 - - 0,613 O 0,611 1 0,607 6 0,606 O 0,605 1 0,604 9 0,604 9
0,69 - - 0,613 1 0,61 I1 0,607 5 0,605 8 0,604 9 0,604 7 0,604 6

0,70 - - 0,613 1 0,611 O 0,607 3 0,605 5 0,604 5 0,604 4 0,604 3


0,71 " - 0,613 O 0,6109 0,607 O 0,605 2 0,604 2 0,604 O 0,603 9
0,72 - - 0,622 8 0,61 O 6 0,606 6 0,604 7 0,603 7 0,603 5 0,603 5
0,73 - - 0,612 6 0,610 3 0,606 2 0,604 2 0,603 I 0,603 O 0,602 9
0,74

0,75

NOTE - T t lven for


-

-
!S
-

-
10,612 3

glven are
-
0,609 9

0,609 4-
0,605 6

0,605 O
0,603 6

0,602 9
0,602 5

0,601 8

xtrapola
0,602 3

-0,6015
0,602 3

0,601 5

n Is not permltted.
---
|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |
| | | |||
|||||||
|
|||
--

43
COPYRIGHT 2002; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards Document provided by IHS Licensee=BP Amoco/5928366101, User=, 12/17/2002
19:00:52 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document
Policy Management Group at 1-800-451-1584.
IS0 5167-1:1991(E)

Table A.6 - Orifice plate with flange tappings - Discharge coefficient, C, for D = 150 mm
r -Diameter Discharge coefficient, C, for Re, equal to
ratlo
1

-I
ß 1 x 104 2 x 104 1 3 x 1 0 4 s X w tx104 1 x 10s
I 3 x 106 I 1 x 106 I x 107 I x 108

---
00

'

|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |
I 0,20 0,598 6 0,597 9 0,597 4 0,597 3 1 0,597 2 0,597 1 0,5970
~ 0,596 9 0,596 9 0,596 9
0,22 0,599 3 0,598 4 0,598 1 0,597 8 0,597 7 0,597 5 0,597 3 ' 0,5972 0,597 2 0,597 2 0,5972
0924 - 0,599 O ~ 0,5986 0,598 2 0,598 O 0,597 9 0,597 6 0,597 5 0,597 4 0,597 4 0,597 4
0,26 0,599 6 0,599 1 0,598 7 0,598 4 0,598 3 0,598 O 0,597 8 0,597 7 0,597 7 0,597 7
0,2a 0,600 3 0,599 7 0,599 2 0,598 9 0,598 7 0,598 3 0,598 1 0,598 O 0,598 O 0,598 O

| | | |||
0,30 0,601 O 0,600 3 0,599 7 0,599 4 0,599 2 0,598 7 0,598 5 0,598 4 0,598 4 0,598 3
0,32 0,601 9 0,601 O 0,600 3 0,599 9 0,599 6 0,599 1 0,598 9 0,598 7 0,590 7 0,598 7

|||||||
0,34 - 0,601 8 0,600 9 0,6005 0,6002 0,5996 0,5993 0,599 I 0,5991 0,5991
0,36 - 0,602 6 0,601 6 0,601 2 0,6008 0,6000 0,5997 0,599 5 0,599 5 0,599 5

|
0,38 - 0,603 5 0,602 4 0,601 8 0,601 4 0,6006 0,600 2 0,600 O 0,599 9 0,599 9

|||
--
OJO 0,604 4 0,603 1 0,602 5 0,6020 '0,601 1 0.6007 0,600 4 0,600 4 0,600 4
0,42 - 0,604 O 0,603 3 0,602 7 0,601 7 0,601 2 0,600 9 0,600 8 0,600 8
0944 - 0,604 8 0,604 O 0,603 4 0,602 2 0,60f 7 0,601 4 0,601 3 0,601 3
0,46 0,605 7 0,604 9 0,604 1 0,6028 0,6022 0,601 9 0,601 8 0,601 8
0,48 0,606 7 0,605 7 0,604 9 0,603 4 0,602 7 0,602 4 0,602 3 0,602 3

0,50 0,607 60,6065 0,605 6 0,604 O 0,603 3 0,602 9 0,602 8 0,602 8


0,51 0,608 I 0,607 O 0,606 O 0,604 3 0,6035 0,603 1 0,603 O 0,603 O
0,52 - 0,607 4 0,606 4 0,604 6 0,603 8 0,603 3 0,603 2 0,603 2
0,53 - 0,6078 0,606 8 0,604 9 0,604 O 0,603 5 0,603 5 0,603 4
-0,M - 0,608 2 0,607 I 0,605 2 0,604 3 0,603 8 0,603 7 0,603 6

0,55 - 0,608 6 0,607 5 0,605 4 0,604 5 0,604 O 0,603 9 0,603 8


0,56 - 0,609 O 0,607 8 0,605 7 0,604 7 0,604 1 0,6040 0,6040
0,57 - 0,609 4 0,608 2 0,605 9 0,604 9 0,6043 0,6042 0,6042
0,58 - 0,609 8 0,608 5 0,606 1 0,605 1 0,604 4 0,604 3 0,604 3
0,59 - 0,610
1 0,608 8 0,6063 0,6052 0,6046 0,6045 0,6044

0,60 0,609 1 0,6065 0,605 3 0,604 7 0,604 5 0,6045


0,61 0,6093 0,6067 0,6054 0,6047 0,6046 0,6046
0,62 0,6095 0,6068 0,6055 0,604 8 0,604 6 0,604 6
0,63 0,609 7 0,606 8 0,605 5 0,6047 0,6046 0,6046
O S 0,6099 0,6069 0,6055 0,604 7 0,6045 0,6045

0965 0,6100 0,6068


0,6054 0,6046 0,6044 0,6044
0,66 0,6100
0,6068 . 0,6053 0,6044 0,6043 0,6042
0,67 0,6100 0,606 6 0,605 1 0,6042 0,6040 0,6040
0,68 0,609 9 0,606 4 0,604 8 0,603 9 0,603 8 0,603 7
0,69 0,6098 0,6062 0,6045 0,603 6 0,603 4 0,603 4

0,70 0,609 6 0,605 0 0,604 1 0,603 1 0,602 9 0,602 9


0,71 0,609 3 0,605 4 0,603 6 0,602 6 0,602 4 0,602 4
0,72 0,608 9 0,604 9 0,6030 0,602 O 0,601 8 0,601 7
0,73 - 0,601 2 0,601 O 0,601 O
0,6043 0,6023
0,74 - 0,6035 0,601 5 0,600 4 0,600 2 0,600 1

0,75 ~. 0,602 7 0,6006 0,599


0,599
4 0,599
2 2

NOTE - Thls table Is given for convenlence. The values given are not Intended for preclse Interpolatlon. xtrapolatlon Is not permitted.

COPYRIGHT 2002; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards Document provided by IHS Licensee=BP Amoco/5928366101, User=, 12/17/2002
19:00:52 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document
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IS0 5167-1A991(E)

Table A.7 - Orifice plate witti flange tappings - Discharge coefflclent, C, for D = 200. mm
Dlameter
Discharge coefllcler C, for R equal to
railo
ß S x 104 7 x 104 1 X 105 3 x.105 1 x- 108 1 x 107 1 x Iö8 O0

0.20 0,597 4 0,597 3 0,597 2 0,597 1 0,597 O 0,597 O 0,596 9 0,596 9


O122 0,597 8 0,597 7 0,597 5 0,597 3 0,597 2 0,597 2 0,597 2 0,597 2
0,24 0,598 2 0,598 O 0,597 9 0,597 6 0,597 5 0,597 4 0,597 4 0,597 4
0,26 0,598 7 0,598 5 0,598 3 0,598 O 0,597 8 0,597 7 0,597 7 0,597 7
0,28 0,599 2 0,598 9 0,598 7 0,598 3 0,598 I 0,598 o 0,5980 0,598 O

0,30 0,599 7 0,599 4 0,599 2 0,598 7 0,598 5 0,598 4 0,598 4 0,598 4


0,32 0,600 3 0,599 9 0,599 7 0,599 1 0,598 9 0,598 7 0,598 7 0,598 7
0 9 0,600 9 0,600 5 0,600 2 0,599 6 0,599 3 0,599 1 0,599 1 0,599 I
0,36 0,601 6 0,601 2 0,600 8 0,600 1 0,599 7 0,599 5 0,599 5 0,599 5
0,38 0,602 4 0,601 8 0,601 4 0,600 6 0,600 2 0,600 O 0,599 9 0,599 9

OJO 0,603 1 0,602 5 0,602 O 0,601 1 0,600 7 0,600 4 0,600 4 0,600 4


0,42 0,604 O 0,603 3 0,602 7 0,601 6 0,601 I 0,600 9 0,600 8 0,600 8
0,44 0,604 8 0,604 O 0,603 4 0,602 2 0,601 7 0,601 4 0,601 3 0,601 3
0,46 - 0,604 8 0,604 1 0,602 8 0,602 2 0,601 8 0,601 8 0,601 8
0,48 - 0,605 6 0,604 8 0,603 4 0,602 7 0,602 3 0,602 2 0,602 2

0,50 - 0,606 5 0,605 6 0,604 O 0,603 2 0,602 8 0,602 7 0,602 7


0,51 - 0,606 9 0,605 9 0,604 2 0,603 4 0,603 O 0,602 9 0,602 9
0,52 - 0,607 3 0,606 3 0,604 5 0,603 7 0,603 2 0,603 1 0,603 I
0,53 - - 0,606 7 0,604 8 0,603 9 0,603 4 0,603 3 0,603 3
0,54 - - 0,607 O 0,605 O 0,604 1 0,603 6 0,603 5 0,603 5

0,55 - - 0,607 3 0,605 3 0,604 3 0,603 8 0,603 7 0,603 7


0,56 - - 0,607 7 0,6055 0,604 5 0,604 O 0,603 9 0,603 8
0,57 - - 0,608 O 0,605 7 0,604 7 0,604 I 0,604 O 0,604 O
0,58 - - 0,608 3 0,605 9 0,604 8 0,604 2 0,604 1 0,604 1
0,59 - - 0,608 6 0,606 1 0,605 O 0,604 3 0,604 2 0,604 2

0,60 - - 0,608 8 0,606 3 0,605 1 0,604 4 0,604 3 0,604 3


0,61 - - 0,609 O 0,606 4 0,605 1 0,6044 0,604 3 0,604 3
0,62 - - 0,609 2 0,606 4 0,605 2 0,604 4 0,604 3 0,604 3
0,63 - - 0,609 4 0,606 5 0,605 1 0,604 4 0,604 3 0,604 2
- - -. 0,606 5 0,605 1 0,604 3 0,604 2 0,604 1

0,- - - - 0,606 4 0,605 O 0,604 1 0,604 O 0,604 O


0,66 - - - 0,606 3 0,604 8 0,603 9 0,603 8 0,603 8
0,67 - - - 0,606 1 0,604 5 0,603 7 0,603 5 0,603 5
0,68 - - "
0,605 9 0,604 2 0,603 3 0,603 2 0,603 I
0,69 - - - 0,605 5 0,603 9 0,602 9 0,602 7 0,602 7

0,70 - - "
0,605 1 0,603 4 0,602 4 0,602 2 0,602 2
0,71 - - "
0,604 6 0,602 8 0,601 8 0,6@16 0,601 6
0,72 - - 0,604 O 0,602 I 0,601 I 0,600 9 0,600 9
0,73 - - - 0,603 3 0,601 4 0,600 3 0,600 1 0,600 O
0,74 - - - 0,602 5 0,600 5 0,599 3 0,599 I 0,599 I

0,75 - - - 0,601 5 0,599 4 0,598 3 0,598 1 0,598 O

-- ||| | ||||||| | | | ||| |||| ||||||||||| | || || | | ---


45
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19:00:52 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document
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I S 0 5167-1:1991(E)

Table A.8 - Orifice plate with flange tappings - Discharge coefficient, C, for D = 250 mm
Diameter
Discharge coefliclent, C, for I equal to
ratio
B 7 x 104 1 x 105 3 x 105 1 x 108 1 x 107 1 x 100 00
" " "

0,20 0,5973 0,5972 0,5971 0,597O 0,597O 0,597O 0,5969


0,22 0,5977 0,5976 0,5973 0,5972 0,5972 0,5972 0,5972
0,24 0,598O 0,5979 0,5976 0,5975 0,5975 0,5974 0,5974
0,26 0,5985 0,5983 0,598O 0,5978 0,5977 0,5977 0,5977
0,28 0,5989 0,5987 0,5983 0,5981 0,598O 0,598O 0,598a
0,30 0,5994 0,5992 0,5987 0,5985 0,5984 0,5984 0,5984
0,32 0,5999 0,5997 0,5991 0,5989 0,5987 0,5987 0,5987
0834 0,600 5 0,600 2 0,5996 0,5993 0,599I 0,5991 0,5991
0,36 0,601 2 0,600 8 0,600 1 0,5997 0,5995 0,5995 0,5995
0,38 0,601 8 0,601 4 0,600 6 0,600 2 0,600 O 0,5999 0,5999
0,40 0,602 5 0,602 O 0,601 1 0,600 6 0,600 4 0,600 4 0,600 4
0,42 0,603 2 0,602 7 0,601 6 0,601 1 0,600 9 0,600 8 0,600 8
0,44 0,604 O 0,603 4 0,602 2 0,601 6 0,601 3 0,601 3 0,601 3
0,46 0,604 8 0,604 1 0,602 8 0,602 2 0,601 8 0,601 7 0,601 7
0,48 - 0,604 8 0,603 3 0,602 7 0,602 3 0,602 2 0,602 2

OJO - 0,605 5 0,603 9 0,603 2 0,602 7 0,602 7 0,602 6


0,51 - 0,605 9 0,604 2 0,603 4 0,602 9 0,602 9 0,602 9
0,52 - 0,606 2 0,604 5 0,603 6 0,603 2 0,6031 0,603 1

---
0,53 - 0,606 6 0,604 7 0,603 8 0,603 4 0,603 3 0,603 3

|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |
- 0,606 9 0,605 O 0,604 1 0,603 5 0,603 5
0,s 0,603 4

0,55 - 0,607 3 0,605 2 0,604 3 0,603 7 0,603 6 0,603 6


0,56 - 0,607 6 0,605 4 0,604 4 0,603 9 0,603 0 0,603 7
0,57 - - 0,605 6 0,604 6 0,604 O 0,603 9 0,603 9
0,58 - - 0,605 8 0,604 7 0,604 1 0,604 O 0,604 O
-

| | | |||
0,59 - 0,606 O 0,604 8 0,604 2 0,604 1 0,604 1

0,60 - - 0,606 1 0,604 9 0,604 2 0,604 1

|||||||
I0,604 I
0,61 - - 0,606 2 0,605 O 0,604 3 0,604 1 l0,604 1
0,62 - - 0,606 3 0,605O 0,604 2 0,604 1

|
l0,604 1

|||
0,63 - - 0,606 3 0,604 9 0,604 2 0,604 O I0,604 O
O@ - - 0,606 2 0,604 8 0,604 1 0,603 9 I0,603 9

--
0,65 - - 0,606 1 0,604 7 ,0,603 9 0,603 7 l0,603 7
'0,66 - - 0,606 O 0,604 5 ,0,603 7 0,603 5 l0,603 5
- - 0,6058 0,604 2 0,603 4
0,67 I 0,603 2 l0,603 2
0,6B - - 0,605 5 0,603 9 I0,603 O 0,602 8 l3,602 8
0,69 - - 0,605 1 0,603 5 I0,602 5 0,602 4 I3,602 3

0,70 - - 0,604 7 3,602 9 I0,602 O 3,601 0 l3,601 8


0,71 - - 0,604 I 3,602 3 I9,601 3 3,601 1 I1,601 1'
0,72 - "
3,603 5 3,601 6 I3,600 6 3,600 4 (1,600 3
0,73 - - 3,602 7 3,600 8 I3,5997 3,5995 (1,5995
0,74 - - 3,601 8 3,5998 I3,5987 3,5985 I1,5985

0,75 - - 3,600 8 1,5987 l3,5976 3,5974 (1,5973


i - -
NOTE - Thls table is glven for convenlence. The values glven are not intended for preclse interpolation. Ex1trapolat is not permltted.

46
COPYRIGHT 2002; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards Document provided by IHS Licensee=BP Amoco/5928366101, User=, 12/17/2002
19:00:52 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document
Policy Management Group at 1-800-451-1584.
IS0 5167-1 : I 991(E)

Table A.9 - Orifice plate with flange tappings - Discharge coefficient, C, for D = 375 m m
Diameter
ratio Discharge coeftlcient, C, for R equal to
ß 1 x 10s 3 x 10s I x 108 I x 107 1 x 108 O0

0,20 0,597 2 0,597 1 0,5970


-
0,597 O 0,597 O 0,597 O
0,22 0,597 6 0,597 3 c4597 3 0,597 2 0,597 2 0,597 2
0,24 0,597 9 0,597 6 0,597 5 0,597 5 0,597 4 0,597 4
0,26 0,598 3 0,598 O 0,597 8 0,597 7 0,597 7 0,597 7
0,28 0,598 7 0,598 3 0,598 2 0,598 I 0,598 O 0,598 O
0,30 0,599 2 0,598 ? 0,598 5 0,598 4 0,598 4 0,598 4
0,32 0,599 7 0,599 1 0,598 9 0,598 8 0,598 7 0,598 7
0934 0,600 2 0,599 6 0,599 3 0,599 1 0,599 1 0,599 I
0,36 0,600 8 0,600 1 0,599 7 0,599 5 0,599 5 0,599 5
0,38 0,601 4 0,6006 0,600 2 0,600 O 0,599 9 0,599 9
0,40 0,602 O 0,BOi I 0,600 6 0,600 4 0,6004 9,600 3
0,42 0,602 7 0,601 6 0,601 1 0,600 9 0,600 8 0,600 8
0,44 0,603 3- 0,602 2 0,601 6 0,601 3 0,601 3 3,601 2
0,46 0,604 O 0,602 7 0,602 1 0,601 8 0,601 7 3,601 7
0,48 - 0,603 3 0,602 6 0,602 2 0,602 2 3,602 2
0,50 - 0,603 8 0,603 1 0,602 7 0,602 6 3,602 6
0,51 - 0,604 I 0,603 3 0,602 9 0,602 8 0,602 8
0,52 - 0,604 4 3,603 5 0,603 1 0,603 O 0,603 O
0,53 - 0,604 6 3,603 8 0,603 3 0,603 2 0,603 2
0,54 - 0,604 9 3,6040 0,603 4 0,603 4 0,603 3
0,55 "
0,605 1 3,604 1 0,603 6 0,603 5 3,603 5
0,56 - 0,605 3 3,604 3 0,603 7 0,603 6 3,603 6
0,57 _. 0,605 5 3,604 4 0,603 9 0,603 8 3,603 7
0,58 - 0,605 6 3,604 6 0,603 9 0,603 8 3,603 8
0,59 - 0,605 8 3,604 6 3,604 o 0,603 9 3,6039
0,60 - 0,605 9 3,604 7. 3,604 O 0,603 9 1,603 9
0,61 - 0,606 O 3,604 7 3,604 O 0,603 9 3;603 9
0,62 - 0,606 O 1,604 7 3,604 O 0,603 9' 1,603 8
0,63 - 0,606 O 3,604 6 3,603 9 0,603 8 1,6037
0,64 - 0,605 9 3,604 5 3,603 7 0,603 6 1,603 6
0,65 - 0,605 0 1,604 3 3,603 5 0,603 4 1,603 4
0,66 - 0,6056 0,604 1 0,603 3 0,603 1 0,603 1
0,67 - 0,6054 0,603 8 0,602 9 0,602 8 0,602 7
0,68 - 0,605 O 0,603 4 0,602 5 0,602 3 0,602 3
0,69 - 0,604 6 0,602 9 0,602 O 0,601 8 0,601 8
0,70 "
0,604 i 0,602 4 0,601 4 0,601 2 0,601 2
0,71 "
0,603 5 0,601 7 0,600 7 0,600 5 0,6005
0,72 - 0,602 8 0,600 9 0,599 9 0,599 7 0,5997
0,73 - 0,602 O 0,600 O 0,598 9 0,598 7 0,598 7
0,74 - 0,601 O 0,599 O 0,597 9 0,597 7 0,597 6
0,75

NOTE -TI
1
table is given for convenience. The
I "
0,599 9 0,597 8

dation,
0,596 6

trapoia
0,596 4 0,596 4

n is not permitted.

-- ||| | ||||||| | | | ||| |||| ||||||||||| | || || | | ---

COPYRIGHT 2002; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards Document provided by IHS Licensee=BP Amoco/5928366101, User=, 12/17/2002
. 47
19:00:52 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document
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E S 1 BS*1042: S E C * L * L 9 2 I1 6 2 4 6 6 90 2 9 8 8 8 4 9 W

I S 0 5167-1:1991(E)

Table A.10 - Orifice plate with flange tappings - Discharge coefficient, C, for D = 760 mm
Dlamsier Discharge cocfnclcnt, C,far Re, equal to
ratio
ß S X 103 2 x 104 3 x 104 5 x 104 7 x 104 1 x 105 3 x 105 1 x 106 1 X 107 1 x 108 00

"

0,20 0,597 1 0,597 O 0,597 O 0,597 O 0,597 O


0,22 0,597 4 0,597 3 0,597 2 0,597 2 0,597 2
0,24 0,597 7 0,597 5 0,597 5 0,597 5 0,597 5
0,26 0,598 O 0,597 8 0,597 8 0,597 7 0,597 7
0,28 0,598 3 0,598 2 0,598 1 0,598 O 0,598 O

0,30 0,598 7 0,598 5 0,598 4 0,598 4 0,598 4


0,32 0,599 1 0,598 9 0,598 8 0,598 7 0,598 7
0,s 0,599 6 0,599 3 0,599 1 0,599 1 0,599 1
0,36 0,600 I 0,599 7 0,599 5 0,599 5 0,599 5
0,38 0,600 5 0,600 2 0,600 O 0,599 9 0,599 9

0,40 0,601 I 0,600 6 0,600 4 0,600 4 0,600 3


0,42 0,601 6 0,601 I 0,600 8 0,600 8 0,600 8
0,44 0,602 1 0,601 6 0,601 3 0,601 2 0,601 2
0,46 0,602 7 0,602 1 0,601 7 0,601 7 0,601 7
0,48 0,603 2 0,602 6 0,602 2 0,602 1 0,602 1

0,50 0,603 8 0,603 O 0,602 6 0,602 5 0,602 5


0,51 0,604 O 0,603 3 0,602 8 0,602 7 0,602 7
0,52 0,604 3 0,603 5 0,603 O 0,602 9 0,602 9
0,53 0,604 5 0,603 7 0,603 2 0,603 I 0,603 I
0,54 0,604 8 0,603 0 0,603 3 0,603 2 0,603 2

0,55 0,605O 0,604 O 0,603 5 0,603 4 0,603 4


0,56 - 0,604 2 0,603 6 0,603 5 0,603 5
0,57 - 0,604 3 0,603 7 0,603 6 0,603 6
0,58 - 0,604 4 0,603 8 0,603 7 0,603 6
- 0,604 5 0,603 8 0,603 7 0,603 7
0,59
- 0,604 5 0,603 8 0,603 7 0,603 7
0,60
0,61 - 0,604 5 0,603 8 0,603 7 0,603 6
0,62 - 0,604 4 0,603 7 0,603 6 0,603 6
- 0,604 4 0,603 6 0,603 5 0,603 4
0,63
OS64 - 0,604 2 0,603 4 0,603 3 0,603 3

- 0,604 O 0,603 2 0,603 O 0,603 O


0,66 - 0,603 7 0,602 9 0,602 7 0,602 7
0,67 0,603 4 0,602 5 0,602 3 0,602 3
0,60 - 0,602 9 0,602 O 0,601 9 0,601 8
0,69 - 0,602 4 0,601 5 0,601 3 0,601 3

---
|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |
0,70 "
0,601 8 0,600 8 0,600 6 0,600 6
0,71 "
0,601 1 0,600 1 0,599 9 0,599 8
0,72 "
0,600 2 0,599 2 0,599 O 0,598 9
0,73 "
0,599 2 0,598 2 0,598 O 0,597 9
0,74 - 0,598 1 0,597 O 0,596 8 0,596 8
- 0,596 9 0,595 7 0,595 5 0,595 4
| | | |||

0,75
"

NOTE - Thls table Is glven for convenlence. The values glven are not Intended for preclse Interpolatlon. Extrapolation Is not permitted.
|||||||
|
|||
--

48
COPYRIGHT 2002; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards Document provided by IHS Licensee=BP Amoco/5928366101, User=, 12/17/2002
19:00:52 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document
Policy Management Group at 1-800-451-1584.
BSI B S * L 0 4 2 : SEC*L.L 72 E Lb24bb7 0298885 O E

I S 0 5167-1:1991(E)

Table A.11 - Orlfice plate with flange tappings - Dlscharge coefficient, C, for D = 1 O00 mm
Diameter
Dlschargc coefliclcnt, C, for R equal to
rallo
ß 5 x 103
I'
L
7 xo
l4 I x 10s 3 x 105 1 x 108 1 X 107 1 x 108 O0

0,20 0,597 I 0,597 O 0,597 O 0,597 O 0,597 O


0,22 0,597 4 0,597 3 0,597 2 0,597 2 0,597 2
0,24 0,597 7 0,597 5 0,597 5 0,597 5 0,597 5
0,26 0,598 O 0,597 8 0,597 8 0,597 7 0,597 7
0,28 0,598 3 0,598 2 0,598 1 0,598 o 0,598 O

0,30 0,598 7 0,598 5 0,598 4 0,598 4 0,598 4


0,32 0,599 1 0,598 9 0,598 8 0,598 7 0,598 7
0 3 0,599 6 0,599 3 0,599 1 0,599 1 0,599 1
0,36 0,600 1 0,5947 0,599 5 0,599 5 0,599 5
0,38 0,6005 0,600 2 0,600 O 0,599 9 0,599 9

0,40 0,601 1. 0,600 6 0,6W 4 0,600 3 0,600 3


0,42 0,601 6 0,601 1 0,600 8 0,600 8 0,600 8
0,44 0,602 I 0,601 6 0,601 3 0,601 2 0,601 2
0,46 0,602 7 0,602 1 0,601 7 0,601 7 0,601 7
0,48 0,603 2 0,602 6 0,602 2 0,602 1 0,602 1

0,50 0,603 8 0,603 O 0,602 6 0,602 5 0,602 5


0,51 .... 0,603 2 0,602 8 0,602 7 0,602 7
0,52 "- 0,603 4 0,603 O 0,602 9 0,602 9
0,53 ~ .. 0,603 6 0,603 2 0,603 I 0,603 ö
0,54 "
0,603 8 0,6ö3 3 0,603 2 0,603 2

0,55 ... 0,604 O 0,603 5 0,603 4 0,603 3


0,56 ._ 0,604 1 0,603 6 0,603 5 0,603 5
0,57 .- 0,604 3 0,603 7 0,603 6 0,603 5
0,58 - 0,604 4 0,603 7 0,603 6 0,603 6
0,59 - 0,604 4 0,603 8 0,603 7 0,603 6

0,60 - 0,604 4 0,603 8 0,603 7 0,603 6


0,61 - 0,604 4 0,603 7 0,603 6 0,603 6
0,62 - 0,604 4 0,603 7 0,603 5 0,603 5
0,63 - 0,604 3 0,603 5 0,603 4 0,603 4
0,64 - 0,604 1 0,603 3 0,603 2 0,603 2

0,s .- 0,603 9 0,603 1 0,603 O 0,602 9


0,66 - 0,603 6 0,602 8 0,602 6 0,602 6
0,67 ._ 0,603 3 0,602 4 0,602 2 0,602 2
0,68 - 0,602 8 0,601 9 0,601 8 0,601 7
0,69 ._ 0,602 3 0,601 4 0,601 2 0,601 1

0,70 -. 0,601 7 0,600 7 0,600 5 0,600 5


0,71 .- 0,600 9 0,599 9 0,599 7 0,599 7
0,72 "
0,600 1 0,599 O 0,598 8 0,598 8
0,73 .- 0,599 1 0,598 O 0,597 8 0,597 7
0,74 .- 0,597 9 0,596 8 0,596 6 0,596 6

0,75

NOTE - T t
1
The values glven are not Intended for ,
*.- 0,596 6

clse Interpolatlon.
0,595 5

drapolal
0,595 3

1 Is
0,595 2

not permitted,

-- ||| | ||||||| | | | ||| |||| ||||||||||| | || || | | ---

49
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Table A.12 - ISA 1932 nozzle - Discharge coefficlent, C


Discharge cocfflcient, C, for ReD equal to
Dlameter ratlo

P 2 x 104 3 x 104 5 x 104 7 X 104 1 x 105 3 x 105 1 x 108 2 x 108 I x 107

0,30 - - - 0,985 5 0,986 5 0,987 8 0,988 2 0,988 3 0,988 4


0,32 - - - 0,984 7 0,985 8 0,987 3 0,987 7 0,987 8 0,987 9
0,34 - - - 0,983 8 0,985 O 0,986 6 0,987 1 0,987 2 0,987 3
0,36 - " - 0,982 8 0,984 O 0,985 9 0,986 4 0,986 5 0,986 6
0,38 - - - 0,981 6 0,983 O 0,984 9 0,985 5 0,985 6 0,985 7

---
0,40 - - - 0,980 3 0,981 8 0,983 9 0,984 5 0,984 6 0,984 7

|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |
0,42 - - - 0,978 9 0,980 5 0,982 7 0,983 3 0,983 4 0,983 5
0,44 0,961 6 0,969 2 0,975 O 0,977 3 0,978 9 0,981 3 0,982 O 0,982 1 0,982 2

0945 0,960 4 0,968 2 0,974 1 0,976 4 0,978 1 0,980 5 0,981 2 0,981 3 0,981 4
0,46 0,959 2 0,967 2 0,973 I 0,975 5 0,977 3 0.979 7 0,980 4 0,980 5 0,980 6
0,47 0,957 9 0,966 1 0,972 2 0,974 6 0,976 3 0,978 8 0,9795 0,979 7 0,979 7

| | | |||
0,48 0,956 7 0,965 o 0,971 1 0,973 6 0,975 4 0,977 9 0,978 6 0,978 7 0,978 8
0,49 0,955 4 0,963 8 0,970 O 0,972 6 0,974 3 0,976 9 0,977 6 0,977 7 0,977 8

|||||||
0,50 0,954 2 0,962 6 0,968 9 0,971 5 0,973 3 0,975 8 0,976 6 0,976 7 0,976 8

|
0,51 0,952 9 0,961 4 0,967 8 0,970 3 0,972 1 0,974 7 0,975 4 0,975 6 0,975 7

|||
0,52 0,951 6 0,960 2 0,966 5 0,969 I 0,970 9 0,973 5 0,974 3 0,974 4 0,974 5

--
0,53 0,950 3 0,958 9 0,965 3 0,967 8 0,969 6 0,972 2 0,973 O 0,973 I 0,973 2
0,54 0,949 O 0,957 6 0,963 9 0,966 5 0,968 3 0,970 9 0,971 7 0,971 8 0,971 9

0,55 0,947 7 0,956 2 0,962 6 0,965 1 0,966 9 0,969 5 0,970 2 0,970 4 0,970 5
0,56 0,946 4 0,954 8 0,961 1 0,963 7 0,965 5 0,968 O 0,968 8 0,968 9 0,969 O
0,57 0,945 1 0,953 4 0,959 6 0,962 1 0,963 9 0,966 4 0,967 2 0,967 3 0,967 4
0,58 0,943 8 0,952 O 0,958 1 0,960 6 0,962 3 0,964 8 0,965 5 0,965 6 0,965 7
0,59 0,942 4 0,950 5 0,956 5 0,958 9 0,960 6 0,963 O 0,963 8 0,963 9 0,964 O

0,60 0,941 1 0,949 O 0,954 8 0,957 2 0,958 8 0,961 2 0,961 9 0,962 O 0,962 1
0,61 0,939 8 0,947 4 0,953 1 0,955 4 0,957 O 0,959 3 0,960 O 0,960 1 0,960 2
0,62 0,938 5 0,945 8 0,951 3 0,953 5 0,955 O 0,957 3 0,957 9 0,958 O 0,958 1
0,63 0,937 1 0,944 2 0,949 4 0,951 5 0,953 O 0,955 1 0,955 8 0,955 9 0,956 O
0,64 0,935 8 0,942 5 0,947 5 0,949 5 0,950 9 0,952 9 0,953 5 0,953 6 0,953 7

ow 0,934 5 0,940 8 0,945 5 0,947 3 0,948 7 0,950 6 0,951 1 0,951 2 0,951 3


0,66 0,933 2 0,939 O 0,943 4 0,945 1 0,946 4 0,948 1 0,948 7 0,948 7 0,948 8
0,67 0,931 9 0,937 2 0,941 2 0,942 8 0,944 O 0,945 6 0,946 O 0,946 1 0,946 2
0,68 0,930 6 0,935 4 0,939 O 0,940 4 0,941 4 0,942 9 0,943 3 0,943 4 0,943 5
0,69 0,929 3 0,933 5 0,936 7 0,937 9 0,938 8 0,940 1 0,940 5 0,940 5 0,940 6

0,70 0,928 O 0,931 6 0,934 3 0,935 3 0,936 I 0,937 2 0,937 5 0,937 5 0,937 6
0,71 0,926 8 0,929 6 0,931 8 0.932 6 0,933 2 0,934 1 0,934 4 0,934 4 0,934 4
0,72 0,925 5 0,927 6 0,929 2 0,929 8 0,930 3 0,930 9 0,931 1 0,931 1 0,931 2
0,73 0,924 3 0,925 6 0,926 5 0,926 9 0.927 2 0,927 6 0,927 7 0,927 7 0,927 8
0,74 0,923 1 0,923 5 0,923 8 0,923 9 0,924 O 0,924 1 0,924 2 0,924 2 0,924 2

0,75 0,921 9 0,921 3 0,920 9 0,920 8 0,920 7 0,920 5 0,920 5 0,920 5 0,920 5
0,76 0,920 7 0,919 2 0,918 o 0,917 6 0,917 2 0,916 8 0,916 6 0,916 6 0,916 6
0,77 0,919 5 0,916 9 0,915 O 0,914 2 0,913 6 0,912 8 0,912 6 0,912 6 0,912 5
0,78 0,918 4 0,914 7 0,911 8 0,91o 7 0,909 9 0,908 8 0,908 4 0,908 4 0,908 3
0,79 0,917 3 0,912 3 0,908 6 0,907 I 0,906 O 0,904 5 0,904 1 0,904 O 0,904 O

0,80 0,916 2 0,91o o 0,905 3 0,903 4 0,902 O 0,900 1 0,899 6 0,899 5 0,899 4
L
I NOTE - This table Is given for convenience. The values given are se interpolation. Extrapolation Is not permitted.

50
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Table A.13 - Long radius nozzle - Discharge coefficient, C


Mameter ratio

ß
r 1 x104 2 X 104 5 x 104
Dlscharge coemcient, C, for Red equal to

1 X 105 2 X 105 6H lo5 1X loe 5 x 10s 1 x 107

0,20 0,967 3 0,975 9 0,983 4 0,987 3 0,990 o 0,992 4 0,993 6 0,995 2 0,995 6
0,22 0,965 9 0,974 8 0,982 8 0,986 8 0,989 7 0,992 2 0,993 4 0,995 I 0,995 5
0,24 0,964 5 0,973 9 0,982 2 0,986 4 0,989 3 6,992 O 0,993 3 0,995 I 0,995 5
0,26 0,963 2 0,973 O 0,981 6 0,986 O 0,989 I 0,991 8 0,993 2 0,995 o 0,995 4

---
0,28 0,961 9 0,972 1 0,981 o 0,985 6 0,988 8 0,991 6 0,993 O 0,995 o 0,995 4

|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |
0,30 0,960 7 0,971 2 0,980 5 0,985 2 0,988 5 0,991 4 0,992 9 0,994 9 0,995 4
0,32 0,959 6 0,970 4 0,980 o 0,984 8 0,988 2 0,991 3 0,992 8 0,994 8 0,995 3
0 3 0,958 4 0,969 6 0,979 5 0,984 5 0,988 o 0,991 1 0,992 7 0,994 8 0,995 3
0,36 0,957 3 0,968 8 0,979 o 0,984 I 0,987 7- 0,991 O 0,992 6 0,994 7 0,995 3
0,38 0,956 2 0,968 O 0,978 5 0,983 8 0,987 5 0,990 8 0,992 5 0,994 7 0,995 2

| | | |||
Op0 0,955 2 0,967 3 0,978 o 0,983 4 0,987 3 0,9907 0,992 4 0,994 7 0,995 2
0,42 0,954 2 -0,966 6 0,977 6 0,983 I 0,987 o 0,990 5 0,992 3 0,994 6 0,995 2

|||||||
0,44 0,953 2 0,965 9 0,977 1 0,982 8 0,986 8 0,990 4 0,992 2 0,994 6 0,995 I
0,46 0,952 2 0,965 2 0,9767 0,982 5 0,986 6 0,990 2 0,992 1 0,994 5 0,9951

|
|||
0,48 0,951 3 0,964 5 0,976 3 0,982 2 0,986 4 0,990 1 0,992 O 0,994 5 0,995 1

--
0,50 0,950 3 0,963 9 0,975 9 0,981 9 o,gm 2 0,99ö O 0,991
9 0,994 4 0,995 O
0,51 0,949 9 0,963 5 0,975 6 0,981 8 0,986 1 0,989 9 .0,991 8 0,994 4 0,995 O
0,52 0,949 4 0,963 2 0,975 4 0,981 6 0,986 O 0,989 8 0,991 8 0,994 4 0,995o
0,53 0,949 O 0,962 9 0,975 2 0,981 5 0,985 9 0,989 8 0,991 7 0,994 4 0,995 O
0,54 0,948 5 0,962 6 0,975 O 0,981 3 0,985 8 0,989 7 0,991 7 0,994 4 0,995 o

0,55 0,948 1 0,962 3 0,974 8 0,981 2 c4985 7 0,989 7 0,991


7 0,994 3 0,995 O
0,56 0,947 6 0,961 9 0,974 6 0,981 o 0,985 6 0,989 6 0,991 6 0;994 3 0,995 O
0,57 0,947 2 0,961 6 0,974 5 0,980 9 0,985 5 0,9895 0,991 6 0,994 3 0,994 9
0,58 0,946 8 0,961 3 0,974 3 0,980 8 0,985 4 0,9895 0,991 5 0,994 3 0,994 9
0,59 0,946 3 0,961 O 0,974 1 0,980 6 0,985 3 0,9894 0,991 5 0,994 3 0,994 9

0,60 0,945 9 0,9607 0,973 9 0,980 5 0,985 2 0,989 3 0,991 4 0,994 2 0,994 9
0,61 0,945 5 0,960 4 0,9737 0,980 4 0,985 1 0,9!9 3 0,991 4 0,994 2 0,994 9
0,62 0,945 1 0,960 1 0,973 5 0,980 2 0,985 o 0,989 2 0,991 4 0,994 2 0,994 9
0'63 0,9447 0,959 9 0,973 3 0,980 1 0,984 9 0,989 2 0,991 3 0,994 2 0,994 9
O@ 0,944 3 0,959 6 0,973 1 0,980 o 0,984 8 0,989 1 0,991 3 0,994 2 0,994 8

0'65 0,943 9 0,959 3 0,973 O 0,979 9 0,984 7 0,989 1 0,991 2 0,994 1 0,994 8
0,66 0,943 5 0,959 o 0,972 8 0,9797 0,984 6 0,989 o 0,991 2 0,994 1 0,994 8
0,67 0,943 O 0,958 7 0,972 6 0,979 6 0,984 5 0,988 9 0,991 2 0,994 1 0,994 8
0,68 0,942 7 0,958 4 0,972 4 0,9795 0,984 5 0,9889 . 0,991 1 0,994 1 0,994 8
0,69 0,942 3 0,958 1 0,972 2 0,979 3 0,984 4 0,988 8 0,991 I 0,994 Z 0,994 8

0,70 0,941 9 0,957 9 0,972 1 0,979 2 0,984 3 0,988 8 0,991 o . 0,994 1 0,994 8
0,71 0,941 5 0,957 6 0,971 9 0,979 1 0,984 2 0,988 7 0,991 o 0,994 O 0,994 8
0,72 0,941 1 0,957 3 0,971 7 0,979 o 0,984 1 0,988 7 ' 0,991 o 0,994 O 0,994 7
0,73 0,940 7 0,957 O 0,971 5 0,978 9 0,984 O 0,988 6 0,990 9 0,994 O 0,994 7
0,74 0,940 3 0,956 8 0,971 4 0,978 7 0,983 9 0,988 6 0,990 9 0,994 O 0,994 7

0,75 0,939 9 0,956 5 0,971 2 0,978 6 0,983 9 0,988


0,990
5 8 0,994 O 0,994 7
0,76 0,939 6 0,956 2 0,971 o 0,978 5 0,983 8 0,988 4 0,990 8 0,994 O 0,994 7
O,?? 0,939 2 0,956 O 0,970 9 0,978 4 0,983 7 0,988 4 0,990 8 0,993 9 0,994 7
0,78 0,938 8 0,955 7 0,9707 0,978 3 0,983 6 0,9883 . 0;9907 0,993 9 0,994 7
0,79 0,938 5 0,955 5 0,970 5 0,978 1 0,983 5 0,988 3 0,9907 0,993 9 0,994 7

0,80 0,938 1 0,955 2 0,970 4 0,978 O 0,983 4 0,9907


0,988
2 0,9939 0,994 7

NOTE - This table is given for convenience. The values given are not intended for precise Interpolation. Extra lation k n c permitted.

51
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Table A.14 - Orifice plates - Expansibility [expansion] factor, E,

Expanslbliity [expansion] factor, E,, for p 2 / p 1equal to


Dlameter ratlo

B I 0,m 0,m

---
8' O M 0.88 0'04 O W 0,85 0,76

|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |
I for K = 1,2

0,993 0,986 0,980 0,973 0,966 0,949 0,932 0,915


0,562 0,993 0,985 0,978 0,970 0,963 0,944 0,926 0,907
0,669 0,992 0,984 0,976 0,968 0,960 0,940 0,920 0,900
0,740 0,300

| | | |||
0,991 0,983 0,974 0,966 0,957 0,936 0,914 0,893
0,316 0,750 0,991 0,983 0,974 0,965 0,957 0,935 0,913 0,892

|||||||
I for K = 1,3 I
/E

|
0,000 0,968 0,975 0,981 0,987 0,953 0,937 0,921

|||
966 0,973
0,562 0,979 0,986 0,993 0,949 0,932 0,914

--
3 0,9700,669 0,978 0,985 0,993 0,945 0,926 0,908
60 0,968
0,740 0,976 0,984 0,992 0,941 0,921 0,901
0,750 0,960
0,316 0,968 0,976 0,984 0,940 0,920 0,900

for K = 1,4

Oto00 0,OOo 0,994 0,988 0,982 0,977 0,971 0,956 0,941 0,927
0,562 0,100 0,994 0,987 0.98 1 0,975 0,968 0,952 0,936 0,921
0,669 0,200 0,993 0,986 0,979 0,973 0,966 0,949 0,931 0,914
0,740 0,300 0,993 0,985 0,978 0,971 0,963 0,945 0,926 0,908
0,750 0,316 0,993 0,985 0,978 0,970 0,963 0,944 0,926 0,907

I for K = 1,66
I
0,OOO 0,m 0,995 0,990 0,985 0,980 0,975 0,963 0,951 0,938
0,562 Oll O0 0,995 0,989 0,984 0,979 0,973 0,960 0,946 0,933
0,669 0,200 0,994 0,988 0,983 0,977 0,971 0,957 0,942 0,928
0,740 0,300 0,994 0,988 0,981 0,975 0,969 0,953 0,938 0,922
0,750 0,316 0,994 0,987 0,981 0,975 0,969 0,953 0,937 0,922

NOTE - This table is glven for convenlence. The values glven are not Intended for preclse Interpolatlon. Extrapolation Is not permitted.
I

COPYRIGHT 2002; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards Document provided by IHS Licensee=BP Amoco/5928366101, User=, 12/17/2002
19:00:52 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document
Policy Management Group at 1-800-451-1584.
I S 0 5167-1:I991(E)

Table A.15 - Nozzles, Venturi nozzles and Venturi tubes - Expansibility [expansion] factor, q
Expanslbllify [expanslon] factor, c,, for p2/p1equal to
..
Mametar ratlo

for K = 1,2

I I
i
0,000 O W J0,949 0,987 0,975 0,936 0,903 0,869 0,834
0,562 0,100 0,9860,957 0,971 0,928 0,891 0,854 0,817
0,200 0,669 1,000 0,934
0,9830,950 0,967 0,918 0,877 0,837 0,797
0,300 0,9240,9810,942 0,961 0,905 0,860 0,816 0,773
0,400 1,000 0,977 0,911 0,890 0,839 0,791 0,745
0,41 O 1,000 0,9090,9760,931 0,953 0,888 0,837 0,788 0,742

I
~~~ ~~~

for u = 1,3
I

0,OOO 0,OOO 1,000 0,988 0,977 0,965 0,953 0,941 0,910 0,878 0,846
0,562 0,l O0 1,000 0,987 0,973 0,960 0,947 0,933 0,899 0,864 0,829
0,669 0,200 1,000 0,985 0,969 0,954 0,939 0,924 0,886 0,848 0,81 o
0,740 0,300 1,000 0,982 0,964 0,947 0,929- 0,912 0,870 0,828 0,787
0,795 0,400 1,000 0,978 0,957 0,937 0,917 0,897 0,850 0,804 0,760
0,800 0,410 1,000 0,978 0,957 0,936 0,915 0,895 0,847 0,801 0,757

for u = 1,4

0,000 0,000 1,m 0,989 0,978 0,967 0,956 0,945 0,916 0,886 0,856
0,562 0,100 1,m 0,988 0,975 0,963 0,950 0,938 0,906 0,873 0,840
0,669 0,200 1,000 0,986 0,971 0,957 0,943 0,929 0,893 0,858 0,822
0,740 0,300 1,000 0,983 0,967 0,950 0,934 0,918 . 0,878 0,839 0,800
0,795 0,400 1,000 0,980 0,960 0,941 0,922 0,904 0,859 0,815 0,773
0,800 0,410 1,000 0,980 0,960 0,940 0,921 0,902 0,857 0,813 0,770
I
for K = 1,66

0,000 0,000 1,000 0,991 0,982 0,972 0,963 0,953 0,929 0,903 0,877
0,562 0,100 1,000 0,990 0,979 0,969 0,958 0,947 0,920 0,892 0,863
0,669 0,200 1,000 0,988 0,976 0,964 0,952 0,939 0,909 0,878 0,846
0,740 0,300 1,000 0,986 0,972 0,958 0,944 0,930 . 0,895 0,861 0,826
0,795 0,400 1,m 0,983 0,966 0,950 0,934 0,918 0,878 0,840 0,802
0,800 0,41 O 1,000 0,983 0,966 0,949 0,932 0,916 0,876 0,837 0,799
I I I 1 I I- l I I 1
NOTE - This table is given for convenlence. The values glvelI are not intended for precise Interpolation. Extrapolation isnot permitted.

-- ||| | ||||||| | | | ||| |||| ||||||||||| | || || | | --- 53


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19:00:52 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document
Policy Management Group at 1-800-451-1584.
~

BSI BS*1042: SEC*1.1 9 2 II 1 6 2 4 6 6 9 0298870 4 H


I S 0 5167-1~1991
(E)

Table A.16 - Venturi nozzles - Discharge


~~ ~~~
coefficient, C
Diameter ralio

0.316
P
"
Discharge coefficient
C

0,984 7
1
0,320 0,984 6
0,330 0,984 5
0,340 0,984 3

0,350 0,984 1
0,360 0,983 8
0,370 0,983 6
0,380 0,983 3
0,390 0,983 O

0,400 0,982 6
0,41 O 0,982 3
0,420 0,981 8
0,430 0,981 4
0,440 0,980 9

0,450 0,980 4
0,460 0,979 8
0,470 0,979 2
0,480 0,978 6
0,490 0,977 9

0,500 0,977 1
0,510 0,976 3
0,520 0,975 5
0,530 0,974 5
0,540 0,973 6

0,550 0,972 5
0,560 0,971 4
0,570 0,970 2
0,580 0,968 9
0,590 0,967 6

0,600 0,966 1
0,610 0,964 6
0,620 0,963 O
0,630 0,961 3
0,640 0,959 5

0,650 0,957 6
0,660 0,955 6
0,670 0,953 5
0,680 0,951 2
0,690 0,948 9

0,700 0,946 4
0,710 0,943 8
0,720 0,941 1
---

0,730 0,938 2
|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |

0,740 0,935 2

0,750 0,932 1
0,760 0,928 8
0,770 0,925 3
| | | |||

0,775 0,923 6

IOTE - This table is given for convenience.


convenlenc:e. The
The values
values given
|||||||

r e not Intended for precise Interpolation. Extrapolation


Extrapolation Is not
ermltted.
|
|||
--

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Annex B
(informative)

Classical Venturi tubes used outside the scope of this part of I S 0 5167

6.1 General number


Reynolds
the 6.3 ofInfluence
As indicated in 10.1.5.1 the effects of Re,, k / D and
B on C arenot yet known well enough to allow
8.3.1
General
standardizationoutsidethelimitsspecifiedinthis
part of I S 0 5167.
The influence. of the Reynolds number Re, varies
The aimofthis annex is to summarizethedata according to the type of classical Venturi tube, It is
which can be used from'all the results available; the shown by a variation in the discharge coefficient and
values or the direction of variation of discharge co- by an increase in the uncertainty.
efficientsandtheuncertainties are given in terms
This variation is larger when Re, is less than the
of the various parameters (D, Re, and k / D ) in order
specified minimum of Re, than when Re, is greater
to allow an assessment of the rate of flow. These
than the specified maximum òf Re,.
various effects aredealtwithseparatelyalthough
some results show that they are not independent.
B.3,2 Classical Venturi tube with a rough-cast
In particular, the number of tests available on this convergent sectlon
subject is small and these tests were mostly carried
outonVenturitubeswhosegeometrywasnot The influenceofthe Reynolds numberis as de-
strictly in accordance with this part of I S 0 5167. As scribed below.
a result the reliability not only of the discharge co-
efficientsbutalso of the uncertainties is relatively When Re, decreases below 2 x IO5, the. discharge
low, coefficient C decreases
and
thè unceitaintyin-
creases.
8.2 Effects of t h e diameter ratio P When Re, increasesabove 2 x IO6, the discharge
coefficient does not appear to change with Reynolds
From an examination of theresultsavailablefor number nor does the uncertainty.
Venturi tubes with diameter ratios of approximately
P = 0,75'*) andabove, it has beennotedthatthe For an approximate estimation of the rate of flow,
spread of measured discharge coefficients is wider thevalues ofthëdischarge coefficient C andthe
than for smaller diameter ratios. Hence an increase uncertainty given as guidance in table B.l may be
in theuncertainty
onthe
discharge
coefficient used.
should be assumed.
In order to allow an asse.ssment of the uncertainty Table B.1 - Values of the discharge coefficient C
on the rate of flow, it is recommended to double the . and the uncertainty as a function of Re,
~

I C I %
uncertainty on C whenisgreaterthanthe maxi- Uncertainty
mum permissible value.
~~~

4 X 104 0,957 2,5


6 x IO4 0,966 . 2
IX 105 0,976 i85
1,5 x 105 0,982 I

12) Values given below are based on tests carried out on Venturi tubes of diameter ratio P up to 0,8..

-- ||| | ||||||| | | | ||| |||| ||||||||||| | || || | | ---


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991(E)

8.3.3 Classical Venturi tube with a machined efficientandtheuncertainty,given as guidance in


convergent section table B.3, may be used to obtain an estimate of the
rate of flow.
The Influence ofthe Reynolds numberis as de-
scribed below. Table 9.3 - Values of the discharge coefficient C
When Re, decreases below 2 x IO5, it is often found and the Uncertainty as a function of Re,
that there Is a small increase in the discharge coef- Uncertainly
ficient C before there is a steady decrease with de- Re, C
%
creasing Re,. The uncertainty on C increases slowly
at first and then rapidly. 4 x 104 0,96 3
6 x lo" 0,97 2S
When Re, increases above 2 x IO', it is found occa- I x 105 0,98 2,5
sionallythatthereisaslightincreasein C with
Re,; the Uncertainty on C also increases slightly.
The discharge coefficient does not appear to change
The position of the highest point of a curve of the when Re, is greater than 2 x IO6.
values of C and the uncertainty with respect to the
Reynolds number Re corresponds to values of Re, Above Re, = 2 x IO', it is advisable to take the un-
5d
lying between 2 x 10 and 4 x IO5. certainty as equal to 2 %.

It is believed that there is sufficient evidence avail- 6.4 Effects of the relative roughness k/D
able to justify the statement that the discharge co-
eMcient of this type of Venturi tube is a function of
Re, (the Reynolds number based on the throat di- 8.4.1Roughness of the classical Venturi tube
ameter) and not a function of Re,. The results avail-
It canbesaidthatanincrease intheconvergent
able show thatbettercorrelationisachieved in
section roughness reduces the discharge coefficient
terms of Re, than ln terms ofRe,.
C. From present knowledge, it is not possible to de-
In order to allow an assessment of the rate of flow termine the value of this reduction, but it does not
the values of the discharge coefficient and the un- seem to exceed 2 YO.
certainty,given as guidance in table 8.2, maybe
used. Classical Venturi tubes with a machined convergent
section seem to be more sensitive to this effect than
classical Venturi tubes with an "as cast" or rough-
Table 9 . 2 - Values of the discharge coefficient C welded sheet-iron convergent section.
and the Uncertainty as a function of Re,,
The pressure loss oftheVenturitubeisalsoin-
creased by an increase in the roughness.

8.4.2Roughness of the upstream pipe


5 x 104 0,970 3
I X 105 0,977 2,s
2 X 105 0,992 2,5 An increase in the roughness of the upstream pipe
3 x 108 0,998 135 produces an increase in the discharge coefficient C
5 X 105 0,995 1 of the classical Venturi tube. It appears that this ef-
fect becomes all the more marked as fl increases.
'1 For low Reynolds numbers,thespread of the exper-
imental results Is not a Gausslan dlstrlbutlon, lhe mean devi-
ation Of resultssmaller thanthemeanvalue of C being There are insufficientsatisfactorydata to provide
greater than that of greater values. quantitative results on this subject.
In order to ailow an estimation of the discharge co-
8.3.4 ClassicalVenturitubewitha efficientandtheuncertainty, itmay be notedthat
transfer from a hydraulically smooth pipe to a pipe
rough-welded sheet-Iron convergent section the relative roughness of which is 5 x I O p 4 can in-
volve increases in the discharge coefficient ranging
The Influence ofthe Reynoldsnumber is as de-
from 0,2 Yoto 0,7 % for fl = 0,5.
scribed below.
Frompresentknowledge inthisfield,itisrec-
When Re, decreasesbelow 2 x I O 5 thedischarge ommended to increasetheuncertaintyon C bya
coefficient Cdecreases slightly while the uncertainty quantity equal to at least half the correction made
on C Increases. on C.
Although there is relatively less information on this
type of Venturi tube, the values of the dischargeco-

-- ||| | ||||||| | | | ||| |||| ||||||||||| | || || | | ---

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Annex C
(informative)

Pressure loss in a classical Venturi tube

NOTE 8 All values mentioned in this annex are given for value above about Re, = IO'. Figure C.lb) gives an
guidance only (see 10.1.9.2). approximation of how the ratio of 6 to its limiting
values varies.
C.l Mean value of the pressure loss and
influence of the relative roughness C.3 Influence of the angle of the divergent
section
For a classical Venturi tube with a total angle of the
divergent section equal to 7," and a pipe Reynolds The relative pressure loss increases with the angle
number Re, greater than 10 , the relative pressure of the divergent section. FigureClc) shows, every-
r
loss = (Ap" - Ap')/Ap generally lies in the hatched thing else beingequal, the ratio of the values of for r
--

area shown on figure C.la). The values of 6 close to two Venturitubeshavingangles ofthedivergent
|||

the upper threshold of this area meet for the upper section q equal to 15" and 7".
|

values of the relative roughness k / D and, therefore,


|||||||

for agivenmanufacturingdesignfortheclassical
C.4 Influenceofthetruncation
| | | |||

Venturi tube the diameters of which are the small-


est.
No precise indication is at present available on the
|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |

pressure loss of a truncated Venturi tube. It is con-


C.2 Influence oftheReynoldsnumber sidered,however,thatthe length of the divergent
sectioncan bereducedby about 35 % withouta
For a given Venturi tube, the value of f decreases significant increase in the pressure loss.
when Re, increases and it seems to reach a limiting
---

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(E)
IS0 5167-1 A991

Ap"-Ap'
Ap
0,s

0.05

105 2 3 4 5 6789106 m,
b) Effect of the Rcynaldr number Re D

c) Ettcct ot the a m e ot the dlveroent (o

Figure C . l - Values of the pressure loss across a classical Venturi tube

-- ||| | ||||||| | | | ||| |||| ||||||||||| | || || | | ---

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IS0 5167-1:I991(E)

Annex D
(informative)

Iterative computations

An iterative
computation
procedure is
required two members. Iterative computation enables a sec-
when a problem cannot be solved by direct calcu- ond guess X, to be substituted to obtain &.
lation methods (see 5.3).
Then Xl,.X,, d i and 62 are .entered int0.a linear al-
Taking the case for orifice plates for instance, iter- gorithm which computes X, ... X, and d3 .., #, until
ative computations are always required to calculate [an(is smaller than a given value, or until two suc-
cessive values of X or of # are seen to be “equal”
- the flow-rate qm at given values of pl, e l , D , Ap for a given precision.
and d,
An example of a linear algorithm with rapidconver-
- the orifice diameter d and P at given values of gence is
p l , e l , D , AP and qm9

- thedifferentialpressure Ap at givenvalues of
p l , el, D,d and q,.,,, Ifthecomputationsarecarriedoutusingapro-
grammable numeric calculator, the use of a linear
- the diameters D and d at given values of p l , p l , algorithm reduces only slightly the resulting calcu-
ß, A p and qm. lations by successivesubstitutions in thecase of
The principle is to regroup in one member allknown computationsfound in applicationsrelative to this
values of the basic flow-rate equation: part of I S 0 5167.
Note that the values of d, D and p. to be introduced
;
qm = C&, d2(1 - p 4 -0.5 ( 2 ~ ~ ~ , ) ~ 3 in thecalculationsarethoseprevailingunder
”working conditions” (see 5.3, note 4).
the

and the unknown values in the other member.


For orifice plates, if the platë and the metering tube
The knownmemberisthenthe“invariant” of the are made of different materials, it is possible that
problem. the variation in p due to the working temperature is
not negligible.
Then a first guess X1is introduced into the unknown

---
member and results in a difference 61 between the Examples of full schemes for iterative computations

|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |
are given below in tabularform.

| | | |||
|||||||
|
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I S 0 5167-1:I991(E)

C
I
:
X
r
V

C 4O
I
'r
O .-v)
r
X
a
V r

II
c

q
I
:
X
r

II
ã

E
I
9
d
u 7
X

Il V

(à-
---

cl
|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |

2 *lu
I
II
%
à-
| | | |||
|||||||
|
|||
--

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B S I BS*1042: S E C * 1 * L 9 2 m L624669 0298897 7 I

I S 0 5167-1 A991
(E)

Annex E
(informative)

Examples of values of the pipe wall uniform equivalent roughness, k

Table E.l - Values of k


. Values in millimetre
Material Condltlon li

Brass, copper, aiumin-


sedlment
lum, plastics, glass
smooth, without < 0,03

new, seamless cold drawn < 0,03


new, seamless hot drawn
new, seamless rolled 0,05 to 0,lO
new, welded longltudlnaliy
new, welded splrally 0,l o
slightly rusted 0,lO to 0,20
Steel 0,20to 0,30
rusty
encrusted 0,50 to 2
with heavy encrustation >2
bituminized, new 0,03 to 0,05
bltumlnlzed, normal 0,lO to 0,20
galvanized 0,13

new 0,25
rusty 1,0 to 1,s
Cast Iron
encrusted > 1,5
bltumlnlzed, new 0,03 to 0,05

---
and
Asbestos cement
coated not coated, new < 0,03

|||| ||||||||||| | || || | |
normal not coated, 0 9 0 5

~~

| | | |||
|||||||
List of references |
|||
--

See national foreword.

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B S I BS*1042: SEC*l.l 92 m l b 2 4 6 6 9 0298878 9 m
BS 1042 :
Section 1.1 :
1992
IS0 5167-1 : BSI - British Standards Institution
1991

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