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Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Introductio

Spending in the course of everyday life, makes a variety financial decisions among

people.

Spending behavior is commonly a behavior affecting the way of a person to use their money

in order to satisfy their wants and needs without any ise of control. This spending behavior is

mostly experienced among youth and students. A recent survey by the American Institute of

Certified Public Accountants reveals that over three-quarters of Millennials want the same

clothing, vehicles and electronic devices as their friends and that about half of them have to

use a credit card to pay for basic daily needs such as food and utilities. More than 25 percent

of them had late payments or struggle with bill collectors, and more than half also receive

some form of financial assistance from their families. One of this study's most disturbing

findings reveals that seven out of ten young people define financial stability as being able to

pay all their bills every month.

Nowadays most of the youth has become more prudence in their daily routine to

satisfy their self concept and social circle which lead in accordance to their personal

necessity. This present the spending interest of students that lead them to spend prior to their

interest,wants and needs. They become emerged with new personality characteristics,whic h
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has made them more productive in order to response to things in the environment and

without spending control.

In fact, being wise in one's spending will lead to improved available resources and

reduced financial problems during education. According to financial behaviorist Syble

Solomon, many students run into budget issues when they begin making decisions based on

emotions in the moment. “Students need to think through the ‘what if’ questions and be

prepared for situations when they will spend money without thinking,” she says. “What if

your friends are going to a concert where tickets cost $100 and you hadn’t planned on that

expense? What if your friends are planning an amazing spring break that is way more than

you planned to spend? By being aware that things like this will pop up from time to time, you

can be better prepared and not throw your budget out of order.” On the other hand helping

young people to know financial spending is quite important because this will guide them

properly in spending their money or allowance.

The researchers believe that this study will lead students to proper way of spending

that guide them to financial literacy. Thus the discovery of this study will recognize students

spending behavior and interest and upon the information gathered the researchers would able

to determined the factor influenced and category of students spending habits.


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Conceptual and Theoretical Framework

According to social learning theory, spending behavior can be viewed as a learned

bahavior often transmitted by parents and other influencial individuals, and is, therefore,

predomenantly, one that is passed from generation to generation ( Lois carrier, CFP; David

Maurice, CFP, 1998 ). According to the theory spending behavior can be passed or

transmitted in different factors which is Parents and other influencial factors such as Peers,

and advertisement it might be on television, radio, and from social media or any platform of

advertisement. Spending habit behavior is not seen first in the student, but that behavior

might be transmited from others who influence his/her.

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram

INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT
Demograohic Profile: Spending habit factors:
 Gender
 Family Socio PERSONAL
economic status
 Allowance -Entertainment
-Leisure
-Basic Needs
Influencial Factos -Beauty products
 Parents
 Peers EDUCATIONAL
 Advertisement
-EducationNeeds
-Transportation
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Statement of the Problem

Students now a days are more active and productive when it comes to thier needs and

financial way of spending and that they are capable also on what to buy and how much to

spend. In fact they consider themselves as independent individual that somehow lead them to

a wrong way of spending. This study aim to know the factors influenced the spending habits

of students and the researchers target is to determined each factors. Specifically it seek to

answer the following question:

1.) What is the profile of the students when grouped according to:

1.1) Gender;

1.2) Socio economic status

1.3) Allowance;

1.4) Geographical location;

2.) Is there a significant difference between students spending habit in relation to

profile?

2.1) gender;

2.2) socio-economic status

2.3) allowance

3.) What is the spending habit of the respondents when grouped according to profile in

relation to;

3.1) personal needs

3.2) educational needs


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4.) Is there a significant difference on respondents spending habit when grouped

according to profile?

Hypothesis

Ho= There is no significant difference between the spending habit of the senior

highschool students of Liceo de Cagayan University when grouped according to gender, and

allowance.

Scope and Delimitations

The respondents of this study will be the students from the Senior High School of

Liceo de Cagayan University-Main Campus. The respondents will be coming from different

strands of senior high school department which are (STEM) Science Technology &

Engineering Mathematics, (ABM) Accountancy & Business Management, (HUMSS)

Humanities & Social Sciences, (COALITION) which consist of (ICT) Information Computer

Technology, (HE) Home Economics, and lastly (TVL) Technical-Vocational Livelihood

Track.

The demographic profile will be gathered according to their gender, allowance, and

socio-economic status to determine the significant differences in their spending habits

according to their demographic profile, as well as the factors that affect their behavior on

spending which are the family, peers, and advertisement.

Also, this will be determined where their money goes when grouped according to

Personal and Educational, under the personal are entertainment, leisure, basic needs, and
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beauty products and for educational we have educational needs such as printing, photocopy,

etc. And transportation will determine the significant differences among the students on their

spending habits.

This study will be conducted on the main campus of Liceo de Cagayan University.

The study will no longer extend its geographical area where the study is conducted, it will be

only inside the main campus outsider students will not be part in conducting the research.

Significance of the Study

In various way every study has its own importance and imlplications. Earlier, the

importance of critical thinking which result to a good decision when it comes in spending

habit. This study will serve and give the readers a number of purposes. The researchers

believe that thi study will benefits the following:

Students. Particularly the object earning and direct benefactors of the advantages of

the study. They would be more aware of thier interest and more certain of how they want to

spend thier money.

Administrators. This study will serve as a reading that will enable them to work with

teachers in helping the students in decision making by spending thier money. It will also help

them conducting seminars in alignment with decision making to give knowledge to every

student on how should they spend and save thier money/allowance.


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Teachers. The informaton gathered disclose the possibility that the teacher would be

able to give appropriate recommendation regarding the students spending habit. They also

one of the impotant factors in the realization of students goals and vision.

Parents. The research aim to help the parents undertand their child endeavors. They

would be also innovated to work an support the teachers in giving assistance to their children.

Moreover, they will be informed the great role, they play in fostering decision making

towards money/allowance

Definition of Terms

BASIC NEEDS. Refers to the teenagers differemt neeeds in every day living. That

includes thier personal traits , school matters and others. This would allow the studentsnto

divide thier money in accordance of thier needs.

BEAUTY PRODUCTS. Mostly only girlls can relate on this. This are the things

wherein they buy something that can paint thier selves or a product that might help them to

be more beautiful and attractive. Usually, they brought these things from distinguish

boutiques and even in malls.

EDUCATIONAL NEEDS. Everystudents experience of being needy, for this is the

body of being a students the needs education. Educatinal needs are the things that can help

the students to perform in class and to help the students to be productive at school.

ENTERTAINMENT. In the study it describe as part of the students happiness it

might be through watchimg moviein in malls or it may be in he internet and mobile phones,

also it it could be in some waythat can make the student satisfied and entertained.
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ELISURE. It is the things that makes the students entertaind in other way like

drinking alohol and taking cigarette.

SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS. Socioeconomic status is typically broken into three

levels whoch is high, middle, and low to describe the three places a family or an individual

may fall into. When placing a family or individual into one of these categories, any or all of

the three variables (income, education, and occupation) can be assessed.

ALLOWANCE. the amount of something that is permitted, especially within a set of

regulations or for a specified purpose.

GENDER. Either of the two sexes (male and female), especially when considered

with reference to social and cultural differences rather than biological ones. The term is also

used more broadly to denote a range of identities that do not correspond to established ideas

of male and female.


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Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

In everyday living, people make a variety of financial decisions about spending their

money, especially among the younger generation. According to the Social Learning Theory,

spending habit is influenced by parents or other individuals. Mainly, it is passed generation to

generation. As of today, the adolescent is developing in a new society of obligation in a

luxurious way of life and simple credit

Spending conduct has never been steady. In contrasts starting the one era then onto the next.

The study of Alex Diaz de Rivera (2014), shows the big pack of students allowance., that

50% will go to the everyday needs of the students. Hence the student's expenses are directly

blended to their resources. Being wise will lead them to improve available resources and

reduced the financial problem during education. however, in some cases, students spend

their money in terms of clothes, accessories, room and board, tuition fees, school supplies,

assignments and projects, gadgets and other personal expenses that lead them to take

responsibility regardless in spending their money.

Accordingly, it presents that increasing literacy and capability promotes better

decision making inline in the financial matter that would result in better planning and

management for education and life events. Moreover, the students in the university take a

hand to hold a high level of personal financial responsibility. Together with appropriate
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guidance, these students face more financial challenges and meet more financial challenges

such as investments, monthly expenses and debt management.

As they get older, as they become more conscious of the product, youth can invest

more of their cash on entertainment and lifestyle.In addition, according to the global youth

board, a study of consumer spending habits around the world was undertaken to recognize

factors that influence the decision-making process of teenagers (Norvilitis and Maclean,

2010). In the othe study (OECD, 2011) The outcome shows that the effect of young people

on nutrition, clothes and forms of entertainment influenced by family or friends and,

subsequently, by young people. Therefore, in adulthood, they are also more likely to bear

more financial risks, notably in saving and planning. In a study by Schreiber as cited in karki

(2000), there are five criteria that must be taken into account when studying consumer

buying behaviour: 1) price awareness 2) quality awareness 3) original, unusual decision 4)

planned decision and 5) non-conformist decision.

many study studies have indicated the age and compulsive shopping were strongly rel

ated to each other in relation to the younger customers. it is also shown that when there is im

pulse and compulsive purchasing condition then the younger customer are the response (Sub

hani et al., 2011). This unique behaviour is due to their impulsive inclination towards

unrestrained capacity towards the advertising and marketing practices that surround them. On

thier actions, they don't have much self-control. In collectivist cultures it is possible to see

less compulsive buying / spending pattern than individualistic cultures (Kacen & Lee, 2002).

With the increase of standard livong, hthe young have been empowered with more

purchasing power. Lusardi & Mitchell (2011) states that the global market place increasingly
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risky and becoming more valuable day by day. One of its implications include rising cost of

goods and services. Wherein student’s expenses are directly associated to thier resources.

However students spend their money accordingly to their personal traits that lead them to

take the responsibility for decision making as they spend thier money.

Spending and saving habit of the youth in the city of Indore were studied and

addressed the question of why, where and how the youth spend?. The youth referred to here

are of the age group 14-30 years. The west depicts this youth as financially and emotionally

free; but in India case is not the same. Despite being fenancially dependent on the parents till

about the age of 25-16 years, there is a radical difference observed in the spending behavior

of the youth in their country. The study includes that there is a huge influence if peer group

in the yout below 19 years while making purchase decision. This is more so in the smaller

age group i.e. for respondents below 15 years and those in he age group of 15-19 years. With

the maturity of the respondents this influence of friends associate degreed family decreases

and he/she depends a lot of on evaluating products/services options and characteristics and

thence makes an freelance call. A different was also observed on the gender wise purchase

behavior and thier saving habits. The youth conjointly doesn't believe a lot of in saving and

believes in payment a lot of on diversion, gadgets, intake out and private grooming

(Dr.Rekha Atri, 2012)


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Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

The methodology and strategies will be described in this chapter that will be used by

the researchers in this study. The place or location to which the study will be conducted, the

process acquire and organize data. In the process, the respondents and sampling procedures,

the researchers and the instruments that will be used in processing and obtaining the data.

Research Setting

The area of the study is only located within the main campus of Liceo de Cagayan

university, Main campus. The Research exact setting is located in Rodolfo N. Pelaez

boulevard, kauswagan road, Kauswagan Cagayan de oro city, 900 misamis oriental,

Philippines.

Research Design

The researchers use the descriptive coralation research design. It answer who, what,

when and how the question is related to the study. It seek to answer the questions in the

study.

Respondents and Sampling Procedure

In this study the researchers will be using the Stratified Sampling Procedure. This

sampling procedure is the most effective method inline to the study that is conducted by the
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researcher in determining the respondents which will be getting a sample from the general

population of senoir high school students in Liceo de Cagayan University. The respondents

should be bonafide grade 11 students of Liceo-main campus.

Research Instruments

Below are the indtrument/s that will be used in the study.

Instrument 1. Questionnaires

The questionnair is used in the survey. The purpose of the questionnaires is to gather

information. The researchers use close ended question that shall be answer by the

respondents. The instrument that will be use in gathering the data is adopted from a related

study of Abhijeet & Umesh D. (2014). The qeustions in the questionnaires consist by

categories of spending habit’s.

Research Protocol

To ensure the quality and reliability of research findings, the Senior High School student

researchers shall be observe the following University Research Protocol:

1. The researchers will seek approval from the adviser after careful assessment

and review of the research / investigatory project manuscript.

2. The High school principal will approve the schedule for the defense of the

research proposal/ investigatory project after through assessment and review of

the final manuscript.


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3. After proposal defense, the research will accomplish the research Ethics

Application From and submit it to the office of the Vice president for Research,

Publication and Extension together with the approved research proposal.

4. The Associate Director of the Research and Publication Office reviews the

proposal and Research Ethics Form for compliance with the University format

and guidelines. The research ethics from shallbe forwarded to the Vice President

for Research, Publication, and extension for further review and approval of the

Research Ethics Committee.

5. The researchers will write letter to secure permission from the College

Dean/Principal/Department Chairman/ Director or Head of the Office where the

researchers plan to conduct the study.

6. The researchers will secure the respondents’ consent to participate in the study.

Moreover, the respondents will be assured that all their responses should be

treated with utmost confidentially.

7. Provision of the final manuscript. The researchers will provide the adviser copy

or the manuscript for the assessment and review of the quality and relevance of

the paper prior to the scheduling of the final research presentation.

8. Once is approved by the adviser, it will be forwarded to the Research

Coordinator for further review of the completeness of the paper. The

Coordinator then meets with Principal of for the scheduling of the paper

presentation.
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9. After the final paper presentation, the researchers shall incorporate all the

corrections and suggestions of the Research Panel. It will be reviewed by the

adviser and panel members.

10. After the final paper presentation, It will be submitted to the office of the Vice

President for Research, Publication, and Extension for Plagiarism and

Grammarly Tests.

11. The researcher will be forwarded the final paper to their assigned editor. After

incorporating all the corrections, the research shall submit the final paper to the

adviser and Research Panel for signature and approval for binding.

12. The researchers shall submit the soft bound copies and electronic copy their

final paper to the Research Teacher/ Adviser. The Teacher/ Adviser shall

endorse the copies to the Research Coordinator.


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Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers initiate a letter to the university for the assurance in conducting the

data gathering in every strand and classrooms in different strands. The letter will be signed

by the principal, academic chairman, and the research adviser. The data gathering will be

conducted on the first week of december initiated by the researcher. The team will disiminate

the question into the 4 strands in a fix schedule, the respondents will recieve the instrument

and answer all the questions in the material, the team will collect all the answered

questionnaires. The data that will be collected will be checked, tallied, interpret and analyze.

Statistical Technique

The tools used in this study are:

One way ANOVA

Independent Samples T-Test

Two hypotheses were made in this study and hypothesis testing was done using One-

way ANOVA and Independent Sample T-Test using IBM SPSS software.
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Reference

s
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APPENDIX F

CURRICULUM VITAE

2x2 picture

executive look

Name:
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Address:

Email Address:

ORCID no.

Name of Father:

Name of Mother:

School Graduated:

Elementary

High School

College

Membership:
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