Employees Stress and Emotional Intelligence

____________________

A Thesis
Presented to
The Faculty of the College of Business and Accountancy
University of Caloocan City
Camarin, Caloocan City

____________________

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Business Administration
Major in Management

____________________

By

Enrique, Crystal Jane A.

Mogote, Amybelle C.
Navarro, Mary Rose L.
Padecio, Nelson
Villaflor, Ijel B.

2008
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We would like to thank our parents for without their support and

guidance, we will not be able to finish and fulfilled our dreams. Their effort,

their love and patience to pushed us to where we are today. Now it’s time

for us to let them know that their dreams and aspiration will not be wasted.

To our beloved professors, who taught us the knowledge that we will

need in facing the tough future that await us. Their perseverance to share

to us their own experienced that will give us a foot step ahead in achieving

our goal in life. We thank them for their gratitude.

To our beloved alma mater, university of Caloocan City, that gave us

the place that we can call our 2nd home. The place that helped us build

there foundation that will carry us to stand tall and stand on our own feet.

We will carry the burden on our shoulder to show them that this school we

call “home” is the right place to build and prepare your bright future.

And to all the authors who have been part of our study without them

we won’t have all the information we needed to pursue this study.

To all our classmates and friends, thanks for the memories that will

embody in our hearts and mind.

Thank you all!

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DEDICATION

We dedicate this thesis to our parents. Without their patience,

understanding, support and most of all their love, the completion of this

work would not have been impossible.

We also want to dedicate our piece of work to our adviser Ms.

Balangue who guided us to complete this study and to all the authors who

cater all the information we needed to use in order to come up with

valuable work.
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ABSTRACT

Title : Employees Stress And Emotional Intelligence

Researchers : Enrique, Crystal Jane A.

Mogote, Amybelle C.
Navarro, Mary Rose L.
Padecio, Nelson
Villaflor, Ijel B.

Degree Conferred : Bachelor of Science in Business Administration

Major in Management

Name and Address : University of Caloocan City

of the Institution Tulip St., Camarin, Caloocan City

Year : 2008
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PLEASE REFORMAT ACCORDING TO MARGIN

Page

TITLE PAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
DEDICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi
LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix

Chapter

1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Background of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Theoretical Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Research Paradigm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Hypotheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Significance of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Scope and Delimitation of the Study . . . . . . . . 21
Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Chapter Page

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

AND STUDIES
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Related Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Foreign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Related Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Foreign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 55
Synthesis of the Reviewed Studies . . . . . . . . 65

3 METHODS AND PROCEDURES

Method of Research Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Respondents of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Sampling Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Instruments and Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Validation of the Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Data Gathering Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Statistical Treatment of Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND

INTERPRETATION OF DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Chapter Page

5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND

RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Summary of Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
CURRICULUM VITAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
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LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

1 Profile of the Respondent NBI Investigators,

Special Agents, and Confidential Agents . . . . . . 71

ASSESSMENT OF LEVEL OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION OF

STARBUCKS COFFEE SHOP

THIS IS FOR COVER OF HARDBOUND

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By

NAMES SHOULD BE ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED

University of Caloocan City

Camarin, Caloocan City

200

CHAPTER 1

The Problem and its Background

***CHECK CONSISTENCY OF MARGINS – SHOULD BE

***RIGHT JUSTIFIED
***HIGHLIGHT SUBHEADINGS ..
***BE CONSISTENT WITH SUBHEADINGS … IT SHOULD BE UPPER/LOWER

Introduction
As Selye, in Greenberg,(2000) defined, “stress is the nonspecific

response of the body to any demand made upon it.“ Schwartz (1980)

added that anything pleasant or unpleasant that interferes with the body’s
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equilibrium is a stressor or source of stress. To be adept at minimizing

stress it requires ample of time to understand and to interpret the effect of

stress to an individual.

Stress seems to be an inevitable result of today’s mode of living.

Almost everyone experiences stress – teachers, students, politicians,

businessmen, workers, etc. And employees of SM Fairview (Supermarket)

are not exempted from stress, especially that everyday they encounter or

interact with different types of people that require social awareness. With

less stress, employees of SM Fairview (Supermarket) can perform their

duties and responsibilities and at the same time create a good rapport

among co-worker and supervisors.

The intertwined relationship between occupational stress and

emotion has been proposed to play a role in the stress–outcomes

relationship. Truly, emotional quotient is important to people to manage

themselves to all the weights of life to stay calm and compost and to

understand and help other people in any way they can help them. This

enables a person to manage their own emotion to be more productive and

to improve quality of life. As Weisinger, (1998) defined, emotional

quotient is self-awareness, managing emotions, self-motivation relating to

others and emotional mentoring.

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Background of the Study

This study is being proposed to assess the importance of having a

stress free and a better understanding of others’ emotion among workers

of SM Fairview. Evaluation based on the reaction of the respondent

employees was made on their job related stressors, relationship at work,

physical environment and career development. The personal analyses of

the respondent employees regarding emotional recognition and

expressions, understanding other’s emotion, emotions direct cognition,

emotion management, and emotional control were correlated to the above

variable. This determined any relationship or non relationship existing on

such variables as employees stress level and emotional intelligence level.

With the foregoing impress of the writer, this study hopes to further

authenticate existing theories and generalization on the subject.

Theoretical Framework

The following literature and studies present valuable information

essential to the formation of the study and to extent its basic purpose of

distinguishing if there is a significant relationship between emotional

intelligence and stress.

As Selye, in Greenberg,(2000) defined, “stress is the

nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it,“ to be

adept at stress it requires ample of time to understand and to

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interpret the effect of stress to an individual. (THIS IS A REPETITION

– DELETE) In his effort to give a better view of stress he (INDICATE

AUTHOR, YEAR) found out and distinguishes the two effects of stress.

The first one, termed distress is a negative result of stress it could be due

to the reason that the level of stress is too high or too low, both will create

threats to an individuals security. Second, is termed eustress that gives a

positive result to a person, this is just enough stress that will push or

motivate an individual to develop his/her craft.

Greenburg, (2000) stated that stressors is a stimulus with the

potential of triggering the fight-or-flight response and threats to our
safety. The fight-or-flight response was necessary, and it’s rapidly is
vital for survival.
Stress is an inevitable reality, its presence cannot be denied for the

reasons that it had a strong impact to an individuals functioning. There are

numerous sources of stress, it could be at our own home, in our

workplace, or in any other places at any given situation and time. Stressors

will not affect us but not until we had recognized and consider them to be

one.

Cherniss and Adler (2000) reported a study in an intervention

designed to develop emotional competencies for the improvement of

performance, that if it could be learned for better understanding and

managing of their own, and other’s emotions, their level of stress will be

lessen.
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This imply, that emotional intelligence is useful and beneficial to any

individuals not only for himself but also to others, to improve the whole

being of a person, to manage himself effectively and be a help for others

improvement and productivity.

Gardner (2005) stated that emotional training program as “a

program to teach employees how to utilize dimensions of emotional

intelligence more effectively in the workplace and to teach them on how to

deal with the negative emotions that arise from experience of occupational

stress, to go further with emotional intelligence training program,

specifically, the four dimensions of emotional intelligence which involves

expressing, recognizing, understanding, and teaching emotions.

This study shows that emotional intelligence can be learned and

must be learned, to improve levels of emotional intelligence, to decrease

impact of stress. Effects of stress can be control, it should not make a

person down but a push to improve your ability through proper use of

emotional intelligence.

RESEARCH PARADIGM

**DISCUSS YOUR RESEARCH PARADIGM

The research paradigm for the study is illustrated in Figure 1. The

inputs were ….
The process carried out in the study was …
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The expected outputs are ….

**PUT TITLE UNDER YOUR RESEARCH PARADIGM CENTERED

Figure 1. Research Paradigm

** LOOK CLOSELY AT THE DATA IN OUTPUT BOX – WORDS ARE

NOT COMPLETE)

Input Process Output

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Correlation of Less stress

Employee employees
Stress Level Respondents will
and Emotional be more
STRESS LEVEL Intelligence productive
Job Related stressor Level Improve social
Relationship at Work interaction
Physical Environment among
Career Development employees
EMOTIONAL
INTELLIGENCE LEVEL
Emotional Recognition
and Expression
Understanding Other’s
Emotion
Emotion Direct
Cognition
Emotion Management
Emotion Control

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

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The study has its purpose of making an analysis of the influences of

stress level and emotional intelligence level of employees of Supermarket

at SM Fairview.

INDENT – RIGHT MARGIN JUSTIFY

1. What are the different stressors of the respondents in terms of the

following?

1.1 Job related stressors

1.2 Relationship at work

1.3 Physical Environment

1.4 Career development

2. What are the emotional levels of the respondents in terms of the

following:

2.1 Emotional control

2.2 Emotional Management

2.3 Emotional recognition and expression

2.4 Emotions direct cognition

2.5 Understanding other’s emotion

3. Is there a significance relationship between stress levels and emotional

intelligence levels of the respondents?

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STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS

This study tested the following null hypothesis:

There is no significant relationship between stress levels and

emotional intelligence levels of the respondent employees of Supermarket

of SM Fairview.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

REPHRASE YOUR DISCUSSION OF SIGNIFICANCE … START WITH … THIS STUDY IS SIGNIFICANT BECAUSE IT CAN
BE A BASIS FOR A PROGRAM OF ACTION ABOUT JOB-RELATED STRESS …… AND SO ON AND SO FORTH

Should the management of SM Fairview (Supermarket) implement a

program of action about their employees who are experiencing job related

stress, we can expect this to boost the morale and efficiency of those

workers. They will improve their work both qualitatively and quantitatively.

The company loyalty can even be established.

If the workers can manage their stress and established a better

rapport with their co-employees and superiors. This company is sure to

march on with greater heights in terms of productivity and profitability.

Other practitioners of similar institutions may likewise, implement

this kind of employee program warranting them with the same improved

market status and position in the industry.

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Should an industrial boom be created as a result of these. There

might be ease in the tax collection system of the government. This will

surely lead the country to better economic growth and development in the

coming years.

Scope and Delimitation (NOT DELIMINATION)

CHANGE VERBS - FUTURE TENSE TO PAST TENSE

This study is limited only to 50 respondent employee of SM Fairview

(Supermarket), Novaliches, Quezon Ctiy. A questionnaire will be

administered to the respondent who will be selected through random

sampling.

INCLUDE HERE A DISCUSSION OF YOUR VARIABLES.. AND

WHEN THE STUDY WAS CONDUCTED.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
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The following terms are defined to have a better grasp of the

concepts used in the study:

Career development. Is a source of stress like under promotion and

lack of promotion.

Emotional control. This is a subscale of the Emotional Intelligence

scale which refers to the ability to effectively control strong emotional

states experienced at work.

Emotional intelligence. Described qualities like understanding

one’s feelings, empathy for the feelings of others, and the “regulation of

emotion in a way that enhances living.”

Emotional management. This is a subscale of the Emotional

Intelligence scale which refers to the ability to manage both positive and

negative emotions both within oneself and others.

Emotional recognition and expression. This is a subscale of the

Emotional Intelligence scale which refers to the ability to identify one’s own

feelings and states and the ability to express those inner feelings to others.

Emotions direct cognition. This is a subscale of the Emotional

Intelligence scale which refers to the extent to which emotions and

emotional knowledge are incorporated in decision-making and problem

solving.
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Eustress. “euphoria” + “stress” was used to refer to the

consequence of healthy, normal stress which includes a number of

performance and health and organizational distress.

Job related stressor. Stressors that affects inner thoughts and

feelings.

Physical environment. It can simply defined as, stressors that

came from workplace environments, whether unpleasant or particularly

safe.

Relationship at work. Stressors came from subordinates or

colleagues, co-workers, supervisors or management, and even from

customers.

Stress. Is defined as a negative discrepancy between an individual’s

perceived state and desired state, provided that the presence of this

discrepancy is considered important by the individual. The term negative

discrepancy indicates that stress exists when the individual’s perceived

state falls short of his or her desired state.

Stressor. Anything pleasant or unpleasant- that interferes with the

body’s equilibrium is a stressor or source of stress.

Understanding other’s emotions. This is a subscale of the

Emotional Intelligence scale which refers to the ability to identify and

understand the emotions of others and those that manifest in response to

workplace environments, staff meetings, literature, artwork, etc.

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