Question and Answer on Practical Technology of Thermal Power

Plant 2
1. Why is the colloidal particles in the water not easy to settle down?
Answer :
The particle size of colloidal particles is between the dissolved molecule and the
suspended matter, and it is the smallest particle with the dispersed phase (such as water).
Therefore, it has a large specific surface area and a large interfacial free energy, which
determines that the colloid has many special properties different from the suspended
matter. The stability of colloid is one of its important properties. The stability of colloid
includes dynamic stability and aggregation stability. Dynamic stability, also known as
settlement stability, is due to the existence of Brownian motion, so that colloidal
particles in water can remain dispersed for a long time without settling. Aggregation
stability is also called coagulation stability. Because of the existence of double electric
layer (potential) on the surface of colloidal particles, the repulsive force of same-sex
charge hinders the adhesion and growth of colloidal particles to each other during
collision, so there is no self-condensation and instability between colloidal particles.
This is why colloidal particles do not settle easily.
2. How to determine whether the coagulant dose of the clarifier is appropriate?
Answer :
Coagulant is one of the main bodies of coagulation reaction. Its dose has direct
influence on coagulation effect. Because there are differences in composition and
content of colloidal impurities, suspended solids in raw water, it is impossible to have
a coagulant dose suitable for all water quality; A reasonable dose is usually determined
by jar tests.
In the operation of the clarifier, if it is found that the effluent is turbid (the
appearance is similar to that of the influent), there is no mud in the reaction area or the
concentration of mud is very low, which is generally caused by insufficient dose. The
dosage of coagulant is insufficient, which can not destabilize all colloids, form flocs or
flocs for a long time, the size is small and the concentration is very low, and the
treatment effect is very poor. If it is found that the treated water quality is clear and
transparent and the turbidity is very low, but there are a lot of white aluminum
hydroxide flocs left in the water (these flocs are translucent and have little effect on the
turbidity value), which is generally caused by the excessive coagulation dose. Because
the dosage of coagulant is too high, a large number of metal hydroxide precipitates are
produced. The sludge concentration in the reaction zone and separation zone of the
clarifier is very high, the activity is strong, and the turbidity removal effect is very good.
However, the density of flocs formed under these conditions is low, the mud layer
increases rapidly, the frequency of mud discharge increases, and the water consumption
increases accordingly. At the same time, the concentration of residual aluminum ion or
iron ion in water is high, which is not conducive to the next stage treatment.
3. What are the common coagulant aids?
Answer :
It can be used as a coagulant aid, and the natural bone glue, the sodium alginate
and the camphor tree, and the like and the like can be used for coagulation. However,
the coagulant used in the thermal power plant is mainly composed of synthetic
substance, active silicic acid (water glass, water glass), polyetheramine (PAM), and
hydrolysis and polycondensing amine (HPAM). Active silicic acid is prepared by
adding acid to water glass, because the preparation process is complex and is not easy
to store, the thermal power plant is no longer in use, and the PAM and the HPAM are
mainly used.
4. How many kinds of mud discharge methods are there in the clarifier? What
are the advantages and disadvantages?
Answer :
During the operation of the clarifier, suspended mud layer will be produced. The
suspended mud layer has the effect of adsorbing small particles of alum in water, and
the change of its height has a great influence on the turbidity of the effluent of the
clarification tank, and the center must be maintained in a certain range. If the suspended
mud layer is too high, the effluent turbidity will increase because the clear water area
becomes shorter and the effluent turbidity will increase, on the contrary, the effluent
quality will become worse because it can not adsorb the small alum flowers in the water.
When the operating conditions are fixed, the height of mud layer is mainly controlled
by mud discharge, so the scientific and reasonable mud discharge control mode is very
critical to the operation of clarification pond. at present, there are the following main
ways of mud discharge in clarification pool:
a) Manual sludge discharge. This is the first method to use. Since the level of the
mud layer in the clarifier cannot be monitored, the mud can only be drained with
experience. The defect of the invention is that the height control of the mud
layer can not be controlled within a reasonable range, the operation and
maintenance of the operators is large, and the method is not a scientific and
reasonable method. In particular, after the output of the clarification tank or the
amount of the coagulant is changed, the growth rate of the sludge layer is
changed, and the problem that the sludge discharge is not enough or the sludge
discharge is excessive can be easily caused by adopting the fixed interval time
sludge discharge.
b) Controlling the time timing sludge discharge. The principle of timing sludge
discharge and manual sludge discharge is the same, except that manual
operation is omitted, and the other aspects have the same disadvantages as
manual sludge discharge. The mud-discharge mode has been phased out due to
the low principle and the low people's rate.
c) Automatically discharging mud according to the height of the sludge. The
working principle of the mud discharging mode is to control the mud layer
height in the clarifying tank as a control signal to perform sludge discharge. And
a mud level meter is arranged in the equipment body to detect the mud slag
height.
d) Automatic mud discharge according to mud concentration. The principle of this
method is to control the sludge discharge by continuously monitoring the mud
concentration of suspended sludge layer. The results show that for most of the
water quality, the mud concentration in the clarifier separation area increases
gradually when the inclined pipe is installed, and when the slant layer increases
to a certain extent, the slag layer begins to drown the inclined pipe and rise.
Therefore, when the concentration reaches a certain value, the mud layer height
can be controlled. For many clarifiers, especially after the inclined tube is
installed, there is no clear interface of mud layer, or even there is no interface
of mud layer. In this case, it is impossible to measure the slag level, so it is more
reasonable to use the mud concentration control to control the discharge mud
than to control the mud level height.