CE REFRESHER UNIVERSITY OF NUEVA CACERES

HYDRAULICS & GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING SOLUTION:

(REFRESHER PART III) Depth of water if s = 300 mm:
 2
INSTRUCTION: Select the correct answer for each of the following T  T Ahoop  104   20    10400 N
questions. Mark ONLY ONE ANSWER for each item by shading the box 4 
corresponding to the letter of your choice on the answer sheet provided. 2T  PDs   h Ds
STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED. Use pencil No. 2 only.
2 10400    9810h  0.45  0.3 
1. A vertical trapezoidal gate is subjected to water pressure on one side. h  49.3413 m
The upper edge that is 3 m long is level with the water surface. The ANSWER: A. 49.34 m
vertical edges measure 4 m and 7 m each. Which of the following
most nearly gives the total force acting on the gate? 6. A 3 mm diameter tube is connected in series to a 12 mm diameter
A. 233.15 kN B. 345.32 kN tube. Water flows at 0.5 m/s in the larger tube. Determine the velocity
C. 456.16 kN D. 566.34 kN in the smaller tube. (CE MAY 2001)
SOLUTION: A. 6 m/s B. 8 m/s
C. 10 m/s D. 12 m/s
F  hA
SOLUTION:
4
Frectangle  9.81   3  4  Continuity equation:
2 Q1  Q2
Frectangle  235.44 kN
A1V1  A 2 V2
F  PA  PcgA  
 3 2  V1   12 2  0.5 
4 4
  1   1  V1  8 m/s
Ftriangle  9.81 4   3      3  3  
  3    2  ANSWER: B. 8 m/s
Ftriangle  227.725 kN
7. Theoretical velocity generated by a 3-m hydraulic head is equal to:
F  Frec tangle  Ftriangle A. 5.42 m/s B. 7.67 m/s
F  456.165 kN C. 4.25 m/s D. 6.77 m/s
ANSWER: C. 456.16 kN SOLUTION:

SITUATION I. (CE JAN 2008, CE MAY 2012) V2

hv 
A 3 m square plate is immersed vertically in water such that the two edges 2g
of the square are horizontal. The center of pressure is located 8 cm from
V2
the centroid of the square plate. 3
2. Which of the following most nearly gives the distance of the top edge 2  9.81
of the plate from the water surface? V  7.6720 m/s
A. 6.38 m B. 7.88 m ANSWER: B. 7.67 m/s
C. 9.38 m D. 10.88 m
3. Which of the following most nearly gives the distance of the center of 8. Water in a basin with water surface elevation of 200 m is pumped
pressure from the water surface? through a 600 mm pipe to a point whose elevation is 250 m and
A. 12.46 m B. 10.96 m pressure is 180 kPa. If the loss of head due to friction and other minor
C. 9.46 m D. 7.96 m losses is 4 m, what power must the pump furnish in order to pump
4. Which of the following most nearly gives the total hydrostatic pressure 1000 liters/sec of water through the pipe?
on one side of the plate? A. 744.2 hp B. 834.4 hp
A. 1092.59 kN B. 960.15 kN C. 959.8 hp D. 1234.5 hp
C. 827.72 kN D. 695.28 kN SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: Velocity of flow:
Distance of center of gravity from the water surface: Q 1
V   3.5368 m/s
A  0.6 2
e
I  
Ah 4
1 Head developed by the pump:
 3  3 3
180  3.5368 
2
0.08  12 2 Hpump  250    4  200
3 h 9.81 2  9.81
h  9.375 m Hpump  72.9862 m
Distance of the top edge of the plate from the water surface: Power supplied by the pump:
3 Power  QHpump
y top  h 
2
3 Power   9810 1 72.9862 
y top  9.375 
2 1 hp
Power  715994.3941 watts 
y top  7.875 m 746 watts
Power  959.7780 hp
ANSWER: B. 7.88 m
Distance of the center of pressure from the water surface ANSWER: C. 959.8 hp
ycp  h  e
SITUATION II.
ycp  9.375  .08 A pipeline splits into parallel pipes 1, 2 and 3 at junction A and merges
again at junction B. Pressure heads at A and B are 70 m and 45 m,
ycp  9.455 m
respectively.
ANSWER: C. 9.46 m Pipe 1 Pipe 2 Pipe 3
Total hydrostatic pressure on one side of the plate: C 120 120 120
F  hA Length 3000 m 1600 m 1500 m
F   9.81 9.375  3 
2
Diameter 300 mm 250 mm 200 mm
F  827.7188 kN 9. Which of the following most nearly gives the rate of flow in pipe 1, Q 1 ?
ANSWER: C. 827.72 kN A.105.5 L/s B. 91.7 L/s
C.125.4 L/s D. 52.8 L/s
5. A 450-mm diameter wood-stave pipe is reinforced with 20 mm steel 10. Which of the following most nearly gives the rate of flow in pipe 2, Q 2 ?
hoops which has an allowable tensile stress of 104 MPa. If the steel A. 105.5 L/s B. 91.7 L/s
hoops are spaced 300 mm on centers, which of the following most C. 125.4 L/s D. 52.8 L/s
nearly gives the depth of water conveyed by the pipe?
11. Which of the following most nearly gives the rate of flow in pipe 3, Q 3 ?
A. 49.34 m B. 24.67 m
A. 105.5 L/s B. 91.7 L/s
C. 32.67 m D. 65.34 m
C. 125.4 L/s D. 52.8 L/s

1 MDSD ☺
 ENGI NEERI NG REVIEW CENTER HYDRAULICS & GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SOLUTION: Ww
  0.4453 
Hazen-Williams Formula: V 1
10.67LQ1.85 Ww  0.4453 kN  1000  9.81
HL 
C1.85D4.87 Ww  45.3928 kg
Rate of flow in pipe 1: ANSWER: C. 45.39 kg
10.67  3000  Q1 
1.85
Volume of soil solids if mass of water is 25 g for saturation of soil:
70  45  W se
120 1.85  0.3 4.87  w 
Ws Gs
Q1  0.10546 m3 /s
25  1000 1 0.3432 
Q1  105.46 L/s 
Ws 2.67
ANSWER: A. 105.5 L/s Ws  0.1945 kg
Rate of flow in pipe 2: Ws
10.67 1600  Q2 
1.85
s V
70  45  Gs   s
120 1.85  0.25 4.87 w w
0.1945
Q2  0.09167 m3 /s
Vs
Q2  91.67 L/s 2.67 
1000
ANSWER: B. 91.7 L/s Vs  7.2841 10 5 m3
Rate of flow in pipe 3:
Vs  72.84 cm3
10.67 1500   Q3 
1.85
70  45  ANSWER: C. 72.84 cm
3

120 1.85  0.24.87

SITUATION IV.
Q3  0.05275 m3 /s
A fully saturated clay sample has a mass of 1526 g. After oven-drying, its
Q3  52.75 L/s mass was reduced to 1053 g. The specific gravity of soil solids is 2.70.
ANSWER: D. 52.8 L/s 16. Which of the following most nearly gives the natural water content of
the clay sample?
12. The Froude Number of flow in a rectangular open channel is 0.85 at A. 35.50% B. 21.28%
depth of flow of 1.3 m. Determine the critical depth. C. 54.81% D. 44.92%
A. 0.59 m B. 0.98 m 17. Which of the following most nearly gives the void ratio?
C. 1.17 m D. 1.26 m A. 0.8212 B. 0.5481
SOLUTION: C. 1.3550 D. 1.2128
18. Which of the following most nearly gives the percent voids?
Froude Number (rectangular only):
A. 54.81% B. 44.92%
V
FN  C. 35.50% D. 21.28%
gd
SOLUTION:
V
0.85  Natural water content:
9.811.3  mwet  mdry 1526  1053
   0.4492  44.92%
V  3.0355 m/s mdry 1053
Flow rate per unit-width: ANSWER: D. 44.92%
q  Vd  3.0355  1.3
Void ratio:
q  3.9461 m3 /s per m-width se  Gs
Critical Depth (rectangular only): 1 e   0.4492 2.70 
q2 e  1.2128
 dc 3
g ANSWER: D. 1.2128
 3.94612 dc 3
Percent voids or porosity:
9.81 e
n  0.5481  54.81%
dc  1.1665 m 1 e

ANSWER: C. 1.17 m ANSWER: A. 54.81%

SITUATION V.
SITUATION III.
3
A soil sample has a dry unit weight of 19.5 kN/m , moisture content of 8% An embankment for a highway 30 m wide and 1.5 m thick is to be
and specific gravity of soil solids of 2.67. constructed from sandy soil which is excavated and transported from a
13. Which of the following most nearly gives the void ratio?
borrow pit. The water content of the sandy soil in the borrow pit is 15%
and its void ratio is 0.69. Specifications require that the embankment be
A. 0.343 B. 0.214 3
compacted to a dry unit weight of 18 kN/m . Assume specific gravity of soil
C. 0.696 D. 0.451 solids to be 2.7 and consider 1 km length of embankment.
14. Which of the following most nearly gives the mass of water to be 19. Which of the following most nearly gives the dry unit weight of sandy
added to a cubic meter of soil to reach 80% saturation? soil from the borrow pit to construct the embankment?
A. 20.44 kg B. 34.52 kg A. 14.49 kN/m
3
B. 15.67 kN/m
3

C. 45.39 kg D. 62.48 kg C. 16.81 kN/m

3
D. 18.02 kN/m
3

15. If the mass of water is 25 g for saturation of the soil, which of the 20. Which of the following most nearly gives the number of 10 m
3

following most nearly gives the volume of soil solids? (Hint: void ratio truckloads of sandy soil required to construct the embankment?
and specific gravity of soil solids are held constant) A. 1215 B. 3058
3 3
A. 45.49 m B. 60.33 m C. 5169 D. 8100
3 3
C. 72.84 m D. 84.25 m 21. Which of the following most nearly gives the weight of water per truck
SOLUTION: load of sandy soil?
Void ratio: A. 30.82 kN B. 23.51 kN
Gs  w C. 21.24 kN D. 15.47 kN
 dry 
1 e SOLUTION:
e  0.3432 Dry unit weight from borrow pit:
ANSWER: A. 0.343 G  2.7  9.81
 d1  s w 
Mass of water added to a cubic meter of soil to reach 80% saturation: 1  e1 1  0.69
1  1    dry  1  0.08 19.5   21.06 kN/m3  d1  15.6728 kN/m3
Gs  se 2.67   0.80  0.3432 3
2  w   9.81  21.5053 kN/m3 ANSWER: B. 15.67 kN/m
1 e 1  0.3432
   2  1  0.4453 kN/m3

UNIVERSITY OF NUEVA CACERES 2 CE REFRESHER – PART III - 2019

 ENGI NEERI NG REVIEW CENTER HYDRAULICS & GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

Embankment: Total effective pressure at the mid-height of the clay layer:

2.7  9.81 P 776.2
 d2  18  P  
1  e2 Amid  2.4  4.9 2
e2  0.4715 P  14.5656 kPa
V2   30 1.5 1000 
Ptotal  Po  P
V2  45000 m3
Ptotal  49.593  14.5656
3
Number of 10 m truckloads: Ptotal  64.1586 kPa
V1 V2
Vs   ANSWER: C. 64.159 kPa
1  e1 1  e2
Settlement due to primary consolidation:
V1 45000
 H   Po  P  
1  0.69 1  0.4715 S Cc log  
1  e   Po  
V1  51681.9572 m3
2600  64.1586  
V1 S  0.30  log  
Number of truckloads 
10
 5168.20  5169 1  0.85   49.593  
ANSWER: C. 5169 S  47.1518 mm
Weight of water per truckload: ANSWER: 47.15 mm
V1 V2
Vs    30581.0398 m3 25. Given the following data for a falling head permeability test of a soil:
1  e1 1  e2
Ws Diameter of sample = 80 mm Length of sample = 150 mm
2
V Area of stand pipe = 0.018 cm Time of observation = 65 seconds
Gs  s Initial head = 70 cm Final head = 40 cm
w
 14 = 0.01167 poise  20 = 0.01003 poise
Ws
Temperature = 14C
2.7  30581.0398
9.81  
Ws  810000 kN Use the formula, k 20  k T  T  , where kT and  T are the coefficient
 20 
Ww
 of permeability and absolute viscosity at temperature T, k 20 and  20
Ws
are the coefficient of permeability and absolute viscosity at 20C.
Ww Determine the coefficient of permeability at 20C.
0.15 
810000 A. 43.25106 cm/s B. 46.58106 cm/s
Ww  121500 kN  5169 C. 50.63106 cm/s D. 53.81106 cm/s
Wwper truckload  23.5035 kN SOLUTION:
Coefficient of permeability (falling head):
ANSWER: B. 23.5 kN
h 
 aL  ln  1 
SITUATION VI. (CE MAY 2014)  h2 
kT 
A square footing 2.4 m  2.40 m carries a column load of 776.2 kN resting At
on the sand layer with depths above the water table a = 1.2 m and below
 0.018 15  ln  
70
the water b = 2.4 m as shown in Figure GE-PCS-250. Unit weight of sand
above the water table is 1 = 17.10 kN/m and saturated unit weight of sand
3
k14   40 
 2
below the water table is 2 = 18.30 kN/m . The sand overlies a clay layer c  8   65 
3

= 2.6 m thick having a saturated unit weight of 3 = 16.50 kNm , a void 4

3

ratio of e = 0.85 and a compression index of C c = 0.30. k14  4.6246  105 cm/s

μ  μ 
k 20  k T  T   k14  14 
μ
 20   μ20 


k 20  4.6246  10 5  
 0.01167 

 0.01003 
k 20  5.38072  10 5 cm/s
k 20  53.8072  10 6 cm/s
ANSWER: D. 53.81x106 cm/s

26. A pumping test was carried out in a confined aquifer 20 m thick

overlain by an impermeable layer 30 m thick. Rate of pumping was
3
0.10 m /s; drawdowns in observation wells located at 10 m and 60 m
from the center of the pumping well were 4.0 m and 3.0 m,
respectively, from the initial groundwater level. The diameter of the
Assume a vertical stress distribution of 2 vertical to 1 horizontal. pumping well is 0.50 m. Determine the hydraulic conductivity.
−3 −3
A. 1.076110 m/s B. 2.851710 m/s
22. Which of the following most nearly gives the overburden pressure at −3 −3
C. 2.390310 m/s D. 1.425810 m/s
the midheight of the clay layer?
A. 58.290 kPa B. 49.593 kPa SOLUTION:
C. 30.708 kPa D. 85.890 kPa Hydraulic head:
23. Which of the following most nearly gives the total effective pressure at h1  20  30  4  46 m
the midheight of the clay layer? h2  20  30  3  47 m
A. 45.273 kPa B. 85.890 kPa
Coefficient of permeability for confined aquifer:
C. 64.159 kPa D. 72.856 kPa
r 
24. Which of the following most nearly gives the settlement due to primary
 Q  ln  1 
consolidation?
k  r2 
A. 47.15 mm B. 71.80 mm 2H  h1  h2 
C. 30.48 mm D. 19.64 mm
 0.10  ln 
10 
SOLUTION: 
k  60 
Overburden pressure at the mid-height of the clay layer: 2  20  46  47 
Po     eh 
k  1.4258  10 3 m/s
 2.6 
Po  17.10 1.2   18.30  9.81 2.4   16.50  9.81   ANSWER: D. 1.4258x103 m/s
 2 
Po  49.593 kPa
ANSWER: B. 49.593 kPa

UNIVERSITY OF NUEVA CACERES 3 CE REFRESHER – PART III - 2019

 ENGI NEERI NG REVIEW CENTER HYDRAULICS & GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION VII. Maximum total passive pressure that the passive soil can offer:
A clayey soil has a drained angle of friction of 28° and a cohesion of 30
kPa. In the triaxial test of the same sample, the maximum shear stress is 
Fp  Pvcg kp  2c kp Ap 
70 kPa.
  3.2  
27. Which of the following most nearly gives the all-around pressure for Fp  18.8352     3.3921  0   3.2 
failure to occur?   2  
A. 25.62 kPa B. 28.62 kPa Fp  327.1232 kN/m
C. 20.51 kPa D. 22.68 kPa
28. Which of the following most nearly gives the normal stress at
ANSWER: A. 327.12 kN/m
maximum shear stress? Required total passive pressure to ensure stability:
A. 86.51 kPa B. 96.52 kPa  Mbottom  0
C. 46.51 kPa D. 92.68 kPa  3.2  7
29. Which of the following most nearly gives the major principal stress at Fpreq' d    Fa    0
 3  3
failure?
 3.2  7
  136.0395     0
A. 196.42 kPa B. 136.52 kPa Fpreq' d 
C. 158.70 kPa D. 162.68 kPa  3  3
SOLUTION: Fpreq' d  297.5865 kN/m
  28 ANSWER: A. 297.59 kN/m
c  30 kPa
max  R  70 kPa SITUATION IX.
The foundation of a building is 1.2 m x 1.2 m and is placed at a depth of
3
c 0.9 m from the ground surface. The soil has unit weight of 18 kN/m and
tan   cohesion of 9.6 kPa. Use soil bearing capacity factors: Nc = 16, Nq = 7,
x
30 and N = 4.5 for general shear failure; Nc’ = 11.5, Nq’ = 3.5, and N’ = 1.6
tan  28   for local shear failure. Assume factor of safety of 3.
x The ultimate bearing stress for general shear can be obtained using the
x  56.4218 equation:
All-around pressure for failure to occur: qu  1.3cNc  Df Nq  0.4BN
R
sin   qu  Df
x  3  R qanet  
FS
70
sin  28   The ultimate bearing stress for local shear can be obtained using the
56.4218  3  70 equation:
3  22.6820 kPa qu  1.3cN'c  Df N'q  0.4BN' 
ANSWER: D. 22.68 kPa 2
c c
Normal stress at maximum shear stress: 3
  3  R 33. Which of the following most nearly gives the gross allowable load that
  22.6820  70 the footing can carry assuming general shear failure?
A. 168.94 kN B. 186.49 kN
  92.6820 kPa
C. 149.86 kN D. 194.68 kN
ANSWER: D. 92.68 kPa 34. Which of the following most nearly gives the net allowable load that
Major principal stress at failure: the footing can carry assuming general shear failure?
1  3  2R A. 116.61 kN B. 161.16 kN
1  22.6820  2  70  C. 111.66 kN D. 166.11 kN
35. Which of the following most nearly gives the gross allowable load that
1  162.6820 kPa
the footing can carry assuming local shear failure?
ANSWER: D. 162.68 kPa A. 79.78 kN B. 77.89 kN
C. 87.97 kN D. 89.77 kN
SITUATION VIII.
SOLUTION:
A cantilever sheet pile 7 m long supports a 3.8 m high sand with density of
1.92 g/cc and an angle of shearing resistance of 33. The pile is embedded General Shear Failure:
to a depth of 3.2 m. The water table is located at the bottom of the sheet Nc = 16, Nq = 7, N = 4.5
pile. Ultimate bearing stress:
30. Which of the following most nearly gives the total active force acting qu  1.3cNc  Df Nq  0.4 BN
on the sheet pile per meter width?
A. 124.07 kN/m B. 136.04 kN/m qu  1.3  9.6 16   18  0.9  7   0.4 18 1.2  4.5 
C. 148.01 kN/m D. 155.05 kN/m qu  351.96 kPa
31. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum total passive
pressure that the passive soil can offer? Gross allowable stress:
A. 327.12 kN/m B. 369.23 kN/m q
qa gross   u
C. 448.67 kN/m D. 497.89 kN/m FS
32. Which of the following most nearly gives the required total passive 351.96
qa gross  
pressure to ensure stability? 3
A. 297.59 kN/m B. 327.12 kN/m qa gross   117.32 kPa
C. 339.17 kN/m D. 433.13 kN/m
Gross allowable load:
SOLUTION:
Pa gross 
  1.92 g/cc  18.8352 kN/m3 qa gross  
A
 = 33° Pa gross 
117.32 
1  sin  1  sin  33 
ka    0.2948 1.2 2
1  sin  1  sin  33 
Pa gross   168.9408 kN
1  sin  1  sin  33 
kp    3.3921 ANSWER: A. 168.94 kN
1  sin  1  sin  33 
Net allowable stress:
Total active force acting on the sheet pile per meter width: q  Df
qanet   u

Fa  Pvcg k a  2c k a A a FS
351.96  18  0.9 
 7  qanet  
Fa  18.8352     0.2948   0   7  3
  
2  qanet   111.92 kPa
Fa  136.0395 kN/m
ANSWER: B. 136.04 kN/m

UNIVERSITY OF NUEVA CACERES 4 CE REFRESHER – PART III - 2019

 ENGI NEERI NG REVIEW CENTER HYDRAULICS & GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

Net allowable load: PRACTICE PROBLEMS:

Panet 
qanet   1. The ratio of the change in pressure to the relative change in density,
A and measures the compressibility of a material is known as:
Pa gross  A. Modulus of Compressibility B. Bulk Modulus of Elasticity
111.92 
1.2 2 C. Compression Index D. Swell Index
Pa gross   161.1648 kN
2. What pressure is required to reduce the volume of water by 0.16
ANSWER: B. 161.16 kN percent? Bulk modulus of elasticity of water is equal to 8250 MPa.
A. 13.2 MPa B. 11.5 MPa
Local Shear Failure: C. 14.6 MPa D. 12.4 MPa
Nc’ = 11.5, Nq’ = 3.5, N’ = 1.6
3. If the kinematic viscosity of a certain liquid is 800 centistokes and its
Ultimate bearing stress: specific gravity is 1.13, determine its absolute viscosity.
2 2 A. 0.409 Pa-sec B. 0.904 Pa-sec
c  c   9.6  C. 0.049 Pa-sec D. 0.940 Pa-sec
3 3
c  6.4 kPa 3
4. The mass of tetrachloride is 500 kg with a total volume of 0.315 m .
qu  1.3cN'c  Df N'q  0.4 BN'  3
Which of the following most nearly gives the unit weight in kN/m ?
qu  1.3  6.4 11.5   18  0.9  3.5   0.4 18 1.2 1.6  A. 17.232 B. 15.571
C. 18.621 D. 14.213
qu  166.204 kPa
Gross allowable stress: 5. The radius of a glass capillary tube is 1 mm. The surface tension of
q water at 20C is equal to 0.0728 N/m. For a water-glass interface, the
qa gross   u wetting angle  = 0. Which of the following most nearly gives the
FS
capillary rise in the tube?
166.204
qa gross   A. 19.98 mm B. 14.84 mm
3
C. 11.25 mm D. 16.33 mm
qa gross   55.4013 kPa
SITUATION X.
Gross allowable load:
An open cylindrical wood stave tank having a diameter of 2 m and a height
Pa gross  of 4 m is full of water. The upper and lower ends of the tank are held by
qa gross  
A hoops.
Pa gross  6. Which of the following most nearly gives the tensile force on the upper
55.4013  end hoop?
1.2 2 A. 26.16 kN B. 68.86 kN
Pa gross   79.7779 kN C. 19.62 kN D. 52.32 kN
7. Which of the following most nearly gives the tensile force on the lower
ANSWER: A. 79.78 kN end hoop?
A. 26.16 kN B. 68.86 kN
C. 19.62 kN D. 52.32 kN
8. If the lower end hoop remains on its position, at what distance should
the other hoop be placed from the upper end of the tank so that both
hoops will experience the same amount of tensile force?
A. 2.00 m B. 1.33 m
C. 1.00 m D. 2.33 m

SITUATION XI.
A cylindrical tank 1 m in diameter and 3 m tall is open at the top.
9. If the tank floats in water with a draft of 2.30 m, which of the following
most nearly gives the weight of the tank?
A. 15.30 kN B. 17.72 kN
C. 19.58 kN D. 21.11 kN
10. Which of the following most nearly gives the weight of a lead (lead =
3
110 kN/m ) that must be fastened to the outside bottom of the tank to
make the top of the tank flushed with the water surface?
A. 3.19 kN B. 5.92 kN
C. 8.76 kN D. 9.33 kN
11. Which of the following most nearly gives the weight of the lead (lead =
3
110 kN/m ) that must be placed inside the tank to make the top of the
tank flushed with the water surface?
A. 8.88 kN B. 7.06 kN
C. 5.39 kN D. 3.26 kN

SITUATION XII.
A rectangular barge weighing 200,000 kg is 8 m wide, 14 m long and 4.5 m
“It is not he deep. It is used to transport to Manila 20 mm diameter, 6 m long reinforcing
3
steel bars having a density of 7850 kg/m . Assume density of sea water to
who runs the fastest be 1026 kg/m .
3

12. Which of the following most nearly gives the draft of the barge in sea
who will get the prize, water before the steel bars were loaded?
but it is he A. 2.73 m B. 1.52 m
who finishes the race.” C. 1.74 m D. 2.43 m
13. If a draft of 3 m is to be maintained in sea water, which of the
following most nearly gives the number of steel bars the barge can
carry?
A. 9191 bars B. 9518 bars
Hindi lang patalinuhan.. C. 9781 bars D. 10129 bars
14. Which of the following most nearly gives the draft of the barge when
Hindi lang pagalingan.. one half of its cargo is unloaded in fresh water?
A. 2.73 m B. 1.52 m
Kailangan rin.. C. 1.74 m D. 2.43 m
DETERMINASYON at LAKAS NG LOOB!!!

UNIVERSITY OF NUEVA CACERES 5 CE REFRESHER – PART III - 2019

 ENGI NEERI NG REVIEW CENTER HYDRAULICS & GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION XIII. SITUATION XVII.

An open trapezoidal tank in the form of a half regular hexagon has a In Figure FM-RN-150, the 50-m pipe is 60 mm in diameter. The fluid
3
bottom width of 3 m. It is 2 m wide and is half-filled with water. It is then flowing has mass density of 920 kg/m and absolute viscosity of 0.29 Pa-
accelerated along its length. sec. The pressure in the enclosed tank is 200 kPagage.
15. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum acceleration
that can be applied to the tank without spilling any water?
2 2
A. 3.92 m/s B. 4.14 m/s
2 2
C. 6.80 m/s D. 7.86 m/s
16. Which of the following most nearly gives the acceleration such that
half of the content of the tank will be spilled out?
2 2
A. 3.92 m/s B. 4.14 m/s
2 2
C. 6.80 m/s D. 7.86 m/s
17. Which of the following most nearly gives the acceleration to empty the
tank?
2 2
A. 11.22 m/s B. 13.33 m/s
2 2 28. Which of the following most nearly gives the rate of flow?
C. 16.99 m/s D. 18.11 m/s A. 2.01 lit/s B. 1.20 lit/s
C. 3.45 lit/s D. 1.79 lit/s
18. A frustum of a right conical vessel stands vertical on its vertex. It has
29. Which of the following most nearly gives the velocity of flow?
an altitude of 1.0 m. The diameter of its top is 0.8 m while the
diameter of its bottom is 0.5 m. It is filled with water and then rotated A. 0.135 m/s B. 0.201 m/s
about its vertical axis with a speed of 90 rpm. Find the volume of C. 0.711 m/s D. 0.893 m/s
water remained after rotation. 30. Which of the following most nearly gives the Reynold’s Number of
A. 139 liters B. 156 liters flow?
C. 210 liters D. 312 liters A. 135.4 B. 351.4
C. 584.1 D. 711.2
SITUATION XIV.
A closed cylindrical tank is 2 m high and 1 m in diameter is filled with water SITUATION XVIII.
at a depth of 1.5 m. The air space inside is under a pressure of 1.07 bar. There is a leak in a horizontal 20 cm  pipeline (f = 0.02). Upstream from
19. If it is rotated about its vertical axis at 12 rad/sec. Which of the the leak two gages 500 m apart on the line show a pressure difference of
following most nearly gives the maximum pressure at the bottom of 145 kPa. Downstream from the leak two gages 500 m apart shows a
the tank? pressure difference of 130 kPa.
A. 131.33 kPa B. 311.33 kPa 31. Which of the following most nearly gives the discharge at the
C. 113.33 kPa D. 313.33 kPa upstream side?
20. If it is rotated about its vertical axis at 12 rad/sec. Which of the A. 75.6 lit/sec B. 71.6 lit/sec
following most nearly gives the minimum pressure at the bottom of the C. 97.2 lit/sec D. 94.2 lit/sec
tank? 32. Which of the following most nearly gives the discharge at the
A. 131.33 kPa B. 311.33 kPa downstream side?
C. 113.33 kPa D. 313.33 kPa A. 75.6 lit/sec B. 71.6 lit/sec
21. Which of the following most nearly gives the angular speed when the C. 97.2 lit/sec D. 94.2 lit/sec
depth of water at the center is zero? 33. Which of the following most nearly gives the amount of water being
A. 17.72 rad/sec B. 11.67 rad/sec lost from the pipe?
C. 8.51 rad/sec D. 13.58 rad/sec A. 5 lit/sec B. 4 lit/sec
C. 3 lit/sec D. 2 lit/sec
SITUATION XV.
A certain fluid has a specific gravity of 1.25 flows through a 150 mm SITUATION XIX.
diameter pipe with mean velocity of 12 m/s. Water from a reservoir flowing through a pipe with a diameter of 600 mm at
22. Which of the following most nearly gives the volume flow rate? 1.80 m/s is completely stopped by a closure of a valve situated 150 m from
A. 176.72 L/s B. 212.06 L/s the reservoir. The pipe has a thickness of 20 mm. The modulus of elasticity
11 9
C. 261.57 L/s D. 318.11 L/s of the pipe is 1.4010 Pa. The bulk modulus of water is 2.2010 Pa.
23. Which of the following most nearly gives the mass flow rate? Assume that the pressure increases at a uniform rate and there is no
A. 220.90 kg/s B. 397.64 kg/s damping of the pressure wave.
34. Which of the following most nearly gives the celerity of the pressure
C. 212.06 kg/s D. 265.07 kg/s wave?
24. Which of the following most nearly gives the weight flow rate?
A. 1180.25 m/s B. 1222.76 m/s
A. 2600.36 N/s B. 2167.09 N/s
C. 1275.29 m/s D. 1386.29 m/s
C. 3900.84 N/s D. 2080.28 N/s 35. Which of the following most nearly gives the composite bulk modulus
of elasticity of the pipe and water?
SITUATION XVI. 9 9
A. 1.9210 Pa B. 1.6310 Pa
A steady push on the piston in a syringe shown in Figure FM-RN-325 9 9
C. 1.5010 Pa D. 1.3910 Pa
causes a flow rate of 0.4 ml/s. The fluid has a mass density,  = 900 kg/m
3
36. Which of the following most nearly gives the water hammer pressure
and an absolute viscosity,  = 0.002 Pa-sec. Assume that there is no
assuming instantaneous closure?
headloss in the larger cylinder.
A. 2.05 MPa B. 2.33 MPa
C. 2.49 MPa D. 2.20 MPa

37. A closed cylindrical tank 7 m high is half-filled with water. A nozzle 80

mm in diameter is attached at the side of the tank at a distance of 0.5
m above the bottom of the tank. The nozzle has coefficients of
velocity C V = 0.98 and coefficient of contraction C C = 0.62. Calculate
the air pressure inside the tank to produce 20 horsepower of energy
at the nozzle.
Figure FM-RN-325 A. 134.67 kPa B. 199.08 kPa
25. Which of the following most nearly gives the Reynold’s Number for C. 183.33 kPa D. 131.85 kPa
the given flow of 0.4 ml/s in the needle?
A. 645 B. 917 38. A vessel has a circular orifice 80 mm in diameter located on the
C. 897 D. 795 vertical side of the vessel under a head of “h” meters. The jet strikes a
26. Which of the following most nearly gives the head loss in the needle?
horizontal plane which is 9.6 m below the center of the orifice at a
point 24.4 m measured horizontally from the orifice. If air friction is
A. 18.90 m B. 15.21 m
neglected and C V = 0.98, Determine the head “h”.
C. 14.43 m D. 16.23 m A. 16.12 m B. 19.55 m
27. Which of the following most nearly gives the force required to
C. 12.35 m D. 14.38 m
maintain the flow?
A. 64.23 N B. 45.25 N
C. 34.77 N D. 25.36 N

UNIVERSITY OF NUEVA CACERES 6 CE REFRESHER – PART III - 2019

 ENGI NEERI NG REVIEW CENTER HYDRAULICS & GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION XX. SITUATION XXIII.

The fountain at the park rises to a height “h”. It discharges water vertically Water flows in a rectangular channel 10 m wide and 1.20 m deep at a rate
3 3
through a nozzle of diameter 250 mm at a rate of 0.50 m /sec. of 18.40 m /s. The roughness coefficient of the channel is 0.012.
39. Which of the following most nearly gives the value of “h”? 50. Which of the following most nearly gives the slope of the channel?
A. 4.51 m B. 6.89 m A. 0.000534 B. 0.000453
C. 5.29 m D. 3.91 m C. 0.000444 D. 0.000354
40. Which of the following most nearly gives the diameter of the jet of 51. Which of the following most nearly gives the specific energy?
water at a height h/2? A. 1.86 m B. 1.59 m
A. 125 mm B. 297 mm C. 1.32 m D. 1.22 m
C. 324 mm D. 256 mm 52. Which of the following most nearly gives the boundary shearing
41. Which of the following most nearly gives the height where the jet of stress?
water has a diameter of 350 mm? A. 5.07 Pa B. 4.30 Pa
A. 3.91 m B. 4.51 m C. 4.21 Pa D. 3.36 Pa
C. 5.29 m D. 6.89 m
53. A 300 mm diameter sewer pipe is laid on a grade/slope of 3 m/km.
SITUATION XXI. Find the discharge when the depth is 40% full. Use roughness
The water in a vertical cylindrical tank is lowered by an orifice from coefficient n = 0.013.
3 3
elevation 3 m to elevation 2.5 m in 70 seconds. The orifice is located at the A. 0.0178 m /s B. 0.0567 m /s
bottom of the tank with elevation 0 m. C. 0.0911 m /s
3
D.
3
0.2345 m /s
36. If the water level is initially at elevation 3 m, which of the following
3
most nearly gives the time required to discharge half of the water 54. A trapezoidal channel discharging 20.40 m /s at a depth of 1.2 m and
content? a base width of 6 m. The side slope is 2H:1V and use n = 0.014.
A. 182.58 sec B. 205.28 sec Determine the slope of the energy grade line?
C. 215.63 sec D. 235.31 sec A. 0.00015 B. 0.00124
37. If the water level is initially at elevation 3 m, which of the following C. 0.00094 D. 0.00021
most nearly gives the time required to discharge all the water 55. Water flows in a trapezoidal channel and running full. If the channel
content? 3
has a discharge of 8.0 m /s, find the base width for a most efficient
A. 713.60 sec B. 803.40 sec section. Use n = 0.012 and S = 0.0008.
C. 850.72 sec D. 929.06 sec A. 2.66 m B. 2.33 m
2
38. If the tank is accelerated upward at 12 m/s , which of the following C. 1.77 m D. 1.53 m
most nearly gives the time required to discharge all the water content
when the water level is initially at elevation 3 m? 56. Determine the bottom width of an earth canal having a sides slope of
A. 309.43 sec B. 410.15 sec 2H:1V. If it is designed to have the most efficient section and to carry
3
C. 440.35 sec D. 538.82 sec 6.0 m /s with a grade of 40 cm/km. Assume n = 0.025
A. 0.58 m B. 0.67 m
42. Two vertical cylindrical tanks of diameters 1 m and 2 m are connected C. 0.85 m D. 1.35 m
by a short tube 100 mm at the lower portion having a coefficient of 57. A trapezoidal flume of most efficient proportion has a base width of
discharge (C = 0.62). At the time the tube is closed, the water levels 3
1.5 m. Its full discharge is 3 m /s. If the same material was used for a
of the two tanks are 5 m and 3 m respectively above the centerline of most efficient rectangular section, what is the discharge of the new
the tube. How long will it take for the water surfaces to reach same section?
level after opening the tube? A.
3
2.36 m /s B.
3
3.65 m /s
A. 91.34 sec B. 82.36 sec 3 3
C. 4.23 m /s D. 5.12 m /s
C. 56.34 sec D. 35.56 sec
SITUATION XXIV.
43. Determine the discharge of a 45° triangular weir under a head of 0.75 A rectangular channel 6.20 m wide and 1.20 m deep is laid on a uniform
m. Use C = 0.58 slope of 0.003. The roughness coefficient of the channel is 0.013.
3 3
A. 0.276 m /s B. 0.433 m /s 58. Which of the following most nearly gives the rate of flow in the
3 3
C. 0.545 m /s D. 0.912 m /s channel?
3 3
A. 19.72 m /s B. 20.65 m /s
44. A suppressed sharp crested weir under head of 2.03 m is 3.5 m high C.
3
24.86 m /s D.
3
28.46 m /s
and 2 m long. Determine the discharge over the weir if C = 0.603. 59. Which of the following most nearly gives the savings in lining per
Neglect velocity of approach. meter length of channel that could have been offered by using the
3 3
A. 19.8 m /s B. 23.3 m /s most efficient rectangular section but adhering to the same flow
3 3
C. 11.8 m /s D. 10.3 m /s capacity and slope?
2 2
A. 1.092 m /m B. 1.183 m /m
45. A rectangular, sharp-crested weir with end contractions is 2 m long. C.
2
1.209 m /m D.
2
1.318 m /m
How high should it be installed in a channel to maintain an upstream 60. Which of the following most nearly gives the savings in earth
3
depth of 2.25 m if the flow is 0.89 m /s. Neglect velocity of approach excavation per meter length of channel that could have been offered
and Use Francis Formula. by using the most efficient rectangular section but adhering to the
A. 1.85 m B. 1.41 m same flow capacity and slope?
3 3
C. 1.15 m D. 0.98 m A. 0.393 m /m B. 0.614 m /m
3 3
3
C. 0.933 m /m D. 1.064 m /m
46. A channel is carrying 0.6 m /s of water. Assuming an error of 0.018 m
is made in measuring the head. If a Cipolletti weir is used with L = 4.6 SITUATION XXV.
m, which of the following most nearly gives the percentage error in the A sluice gate flows into a horizontal channel as shown in the figure.
discharge? Assume the pressure distribution at sections 1 and 2 to be atmospheric
A. 11.58% B. 20.05% and neglect friction losses in the channel. Use Cc = 0.85 and Cv = 0.95.
C. 16.28% D. 30.77%

SITUATION XXII.
2
A spillway 11.86 m long releases flood run-off from a reservoir 46,000 m
in surface area. The water surface is at elevation 65.5 m and the
permanent crest is at elevation 64.0 m. Use Francis Formula.
47. Which of the following most nearly gives the discharge if the head is
constant?
3 3 61. Which of the following most nearly gives the depth of flow at section
A. 40.09 m /sec B. 12.34 m /sec
3 3 2?
C. 60.14 m /sec D. 21.82 m /sec
3 A. 0.95 m B. 0.90 m
48. Which of the following most nearly gives the time to discharge 500 m
C. 0.85 m D. 0.75 m
of water if head is constant?
62. Which of the following most nearly gives the velocity of flow at section
A. 47.21 sec B. 12.47 sec
2?
C. 25.20 sec D. 40.52 sec A. 9.65 m/s B. 9.14 m/s
49. Which of the following most nearly gives the final elevation of water
C. 8.20 m/s D. 7.88 m/s
surface if water is released in 0.7 hour?
63. Which of the following most nearly gives the rate of flow through the
A. 64.5 m B. 65.0 m 3
gate, in m /sec per meter width?
C. 64.8 m D. 65.9 m A. 8.20 B. 9.65
C. 8.68 D. 7.38

UNIVERSITY OF NUEVA CACERES 7 CE REFRESHER – PART III - 2019

 ENGI NEERI NG REVIEW CENTER HYDRAULICS & GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

3
64. A soil sample has a unit weight of 17.35 kN/m at a moisture content Classification of Highway Subgrade Materials
3
of 12.5%. When saturated, the unit weight increases to 19.60 kN/m . for Silt-Clay Materials (AASHTO)
Determine the void ratio of the soil sample.
A. 0.4259 B. 0.7418 Silt-Clay Materials
General classification (more than 35% of total sample passing No.
C. 0.3428 D. 0.5217
200)
A-7
SITUATION XXVI. a
Group classification A-4 A-5 A-6 A-7-5
The relative compaction of a sand in the field is 94%. The maximum and b
A-7-6
minimum dry unit weights of the sand are  d(max) = 16.2 kN/m and d(min) =
3
3 Sieve analysis (percentage
14.9 kN/m .
passing)
65. Which of the following most nearly gives the dry unit weight?
3 3 No. 10
A. 15.23 kN/m B. 15.94 kN/m
3 3 No. 40
C. 10.12 kN/m D. 14.49 kN/m No. 200 36 min 36 min 36 min 36 min
66. Which of the following most nearly gives the relative density of
Characteristics of fraction
compaction? passing No. 40
A. 26.84% B. 23.33% Liquid Limit 40 max 41 min 40 max 41 min
C. 31.11% D. 17.16% Plasticity Index 10 max 10 max 11 min 11 min
67. Which of the following most nearly gives the moist unit weight at a Usual types of significant
moisture content of 8%? Silty soils Clayey soils
3 3
constituent materials
A. 14.86 kN/m B. 18.27 kN/m General subgrade rating Fair to poor
3 3
For A-7-5, PI  LL – 30
a
C. 16.45 kN/m D. 17.55 kN/m
b
For A-7-6, PI > LL – 30
3
68. A 6000 m of soil is excavated from a borrow pit that has a void ratio
e1 = 1.2. The soil excavated will be placed in an embankment that 72. Which of the following gives the classification of soil A with its group
requires a void ratio e2 = 0.80. Specific gravity of soil solids is 2.67. If index?
the moisture content when excavated is 15% and must be 18% when A. A-7-5 (3) B. A-7-5 (13)
placed in the embankment, which of the following most nearly gives C. A-7-6 (3) D. A-7-6 (13)
the volume of water added? 73. Which of the following gives the classification of soil B with its group
3 3
A. 1834.97 m B. 439.55 m index?
3 3 A. A-2-6 (0) B. A-2-6 (1)
C. 218.45 m D. 348.73 m
C. A-2-7 (0) D. A-2-7 (1)
SITUATION XXVII. 74. Which of the following gives the classification of soil C with its group
A soil having a natural moisture content of 28% has a liquid limit of 54% index?
and a plastic limit of 32%. A. A-7-5 (7) B. A-7-5 (13)
69. Which of the following gives the plasticity index? C. A-7-6 (7) D. A-7-6 (13)
A. 22% B. 24%
C. 26% D. 28% SITUATION XXIX.
70. Which of the following most nearly gives the liquidity index? The table below shows the laboratory results of the sieve analysis of a soil
A. 0.1818 B. 0.1818 sample:
C. 0.1538 D. 0.1538 Sieve No. Diameter (mm) Percent Passing, %
71. Which of the following represent the given values? 4 4.750 94
A. Degree of saturation B. Hydraulic Gradient
10 2.000 88
C. Porosity D. Moisture content
20 0.850 75
SITUATION XXVIII. 40 0.425 52
The sieve analysis of three soils and the liquid and plastic limits of the 60 0.250 24
fraction passing no. 40 sieve are given in the table below. Use AASHTO 100 0.150 10
Classification System. 200 0.075 4
Sieve Analysis
Unified Soil Classification System
Percent Finer, %
Sieve No. Diameter (mm)
A B C
4 4.750 94 100 100
8 2.360 84 90 100
10 2.000 72 77 98
20 0.850 66 59 92
40 0.425 58 51 84
60 0.250 50 42 79
100 0.150 44 35 70
200 0.075 38 33 63
LL 44 46 47
PL 23 29 24

Classification of Highway Subgrade Materials

for Granular Materials (AASHTO)
General Granular Materials
Classification (35% or less of total sample passing No. 200)
Group A-1 A-2
classification A-1-a A-1-b A-3 A-2-4 A-2-5 A-2-6 A-2-7
Sieve analysis
(percentage
passing)
No. 10 50 max
No. 40 30 max 50 max 51 min
No. 200 15 max 25 max 10 max 35 max 35 max 35 max 35 max
Characteristics
of fraction
passing No. 40
Liquid Limit 40 max 41 min 40 max 41 min
Plasticity Index 6 max NP 10 max 10 max 11 min 11 min
Usual types of
Stone
significant Fine
fragments, Silty or clayey gravel and sand
constituent sand
gravel, and sand
materials
General
Excellent to good
subgrade rating

UNIVERSITY OF NUEVA CACERES 8 CE REFRESHER – PART III - 2019

 ENGI NEERI NG REVIEW CENTER HYDRAULICS & GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

85. Which of the following most nearly gives the increase in pressure in
the soil when the tank is filled with oil?
A. 43.16 kPa B. 47.09 kPa
C. 55.27 kPa D. 59.48 kPa
86. Which of the following most nearly gives the settlement of the clay
layer? Assume that the swell index is equal to one-fifth of the
compression index?
A. 96.23 mm B. 90.35 mm
C. 78.57 mm D. 72.75 mm

87. A constant head permeability laboratory test is conducted on a certain

soil. The diameter of the sample is 5.50 cm, the length is 18 cm, and
the constant head is 45 cm. The mass of water collected in 50
seconds is 85 grams. Determine the coefficient of permeability.
A. 1.6167 cm/min B. 1.7173 cm/min
75. Which of the following most nearly gives the effective size of the soil?
C. 1.8489 cm/min D. 2.5015 cm/min
A. 0.425 mm B. 0.250 mm
88. This test is described as follows: “The water supply at the inlet is
C. 0.150 mm D. 0.075 mm adjusted in such a way that the difference of head between the inlet
76. Which of the following most nearly gives the coefficient of gradation of and the outlet remains constant during the test period.”
the soil? A. Hydraulic Head B. Velocity Head
A. 0.97 B. 1.11 C. Constant Head D. Falling Head
C. 1.22 D. 1.67
77. Classify the soil according to the Unified Soil Classification System. SITUATION XXXIII.
A. GW (well-graded gravel) B. GP (poorly-graded gravel) For a constant head laboratory permeability test on fine sand, the following
C. SP (poorly-graded sand) D. SW (well-graded sand) values are obtained:
Length of specimen = 10 inches
SITUATION XXX.
A clay layer 12 ft thick rests beneath a deposit of submerged sand 26 ft Diameter of specimen = 2.5 inches
thick. The top of the sand is located 10 ft below the surface of a lake. The Head difference = 22 inches
3
saturated unit weight of the sand is 125 lb/ft and of the clay layer is 117 Water collected in 2 minutes = 0.044 cubic inches
3
lb/ft . Void ratio of soil sample = 0.34
78. Which of the following gives the total vertical pressure at the mid
height of the clay layer? 89. Which of the following most nearly gives the hydraulic conductivity, k,
A. 4576 psf B. 4862 psf of the soil in in/min?
-3 -3
C. 3245 psf D. 6451 psf A. 1.522x10 B. 1.586x10
-3 -3
79. Which of the following gives the pore water pressure at the mid height C. 1.819x10 D. 2.037x10
of the clay layer? 90. Which of the following most nearly gives the discharge velocity?
-3 -3
A. 3500.0 psf B. 2620.8 psf A. 4.824x10 B. 4.482x10
-3 -3
C. 4576.7 psf D. 1561.3 psf C. 2.844x10 D. 2.448x10
80. Which of the following gives the vertical pressure at the mid height of 91. Which of the following most nearly gives the seepage velocity?
the clay layer? A. 0.0177 B. 0.0233
A. 2300.0 psf B. 1955.2 psf C. 0.0350 D. 0.0418
C. 2621.5 psf D. 2451.1 psf
SITUATION XXXIV.
SITUATION XXXI. A test is set-up as shown in Figure GE-FWS-401. A cylindrical mold 4” in
A thick layer of clay underlies a sand layer 5.50 m thick. The groundwater diameter is filled with silt to a height of H 1 = 0.20 ft whose coefficient of
−3
table is located 2.50 m below the ground (sand) surface. The sand has a permeability is 3.8x10 ft/min.
void ratio of 0.52. The degree of saturation above the water table is 0.37. A second coaxial mold, placed on top of the silt inside the first mold, has an
The clay has a moisture content of 42%. The specific gravity of solids for inside diameter of 1.50” and height H 2 = 0.30 ft. Its thickness is negligible.
both sand and clay is 2.65. The inside of this second mold is filled with sand whose coefficient of
−4
81. Which of the following most nearly gives the unit weight of clay? permeability is 7.5x10 ft/min.
3 3
A. 16.39 kN/m B. 17.47 kN/m The test set-up is a permeameter of constant head. Water is placed in the
3 3 mold and maintained at a level h = 1.25 ft above the level of the outlet. It
C. 18.34 kN/m D. 20.46 kN/m
82. Which of the following most nearly gives the total stress at a depth of may be considered that the system consists of a fictitious soil of thickness
10 m below the ground surface? H = H1 + H2 and coefficient of permeability kf.
A. 181.00 kPa B. 185.86 kPa
C. 189.79 kPa D. 199.30 kPa
83. Which of the following most nearly gives the effective stress at a
depth of 10 m below the ground surface?
A. 107.43 kPa B. 112.28 kPa
C. 116.21 kPa D. 125.73 kPa

SITUATION XXXII.
A tank shown in Figure GE-PCS-456 has an inside diameter of 8 m and a
height of 6 m. It is used as storage of oil with specific gravity of 0.80. The
combined weight of the empty tank and the footing is 2800 kN.

92. Which of the following most nearly gives the total amount of flow of
water through the soil?
-4 3 -4 3
A. 4.1856x10 ft /min B. 3.2369x10 ft /min
-4 3 -4 3
C. 4.5333x10 ft /min D. 3.5520x10 ft /min
93. Which of the following most nearly gives the equivalent coefficient of
permeability of the system?
-3 -3
A. 1.6281x10 ft/min B. 2.2699x10 ft/min
-3 -3
C. 2.8495x10 ft/min D. 1.4837x10 ft/min
94. Which of the following most nearly gives the total amount of flow that
percolated after 30 minutes?
84. Which of the following most nearly gives the required depth of the 3 3
A. 274.9762 cm B. 237.5454 cm
footing? 3 3
C. 301.7429 cm D. 388.3938 cm
A. 2.38 m B. 2.53 m
C. 2.71 m D. 2.99 m

UNIVERSITY OF NUEVA CACERES 9 CE REFRESHER – PART III - 2019

 ENGI NEERI NG REVIEW CENTER HYDRAULICS & GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION XXXV. SITUATION XXXIX.

3
An unconfined aquifer underlies a confined aquifer as shown in Figure GE- A wall of 7 m height retains sand having a dry density of 1570 kg/m . Angle
FWS-305. of internal friction is 34° and void ratio is 0.68. Use Rankine Earth Pressure
Theory.
107. Which of the following most nearly gives the total active thrust on the
wall when the soil is dry?
A. 171.95 kN B. 160.86 kN
C. 119.57 kN D. 106.68 kN
108. Which of the following most nearly gives the total active thrust on the
wall if there is water 3 m below the horizontal ground surface?
A. 171.95 kN B. 152.36 kN
C. 93.47 kN D. 19.59 kN
109. Which of the following most nearly gives the location of the resultant
active thrust on the wall from the bottom if there is water 3 m below
the horizontal ground surface?
A. 1.32 m B. 1.61 m
D1 = 57 m D2 = 40 m
C. 1.95 m D. 2.13 m
H1 = 42 m H2 = 33 m
k1 = 35 m/day k2 = 25 m/day SITUATION XL.
L = 2000 m A frictionless retaining wall is shown in Figure GE-RWRT-041. Consider 1
m length of wall.
95. Which of the following most nearly gives the equivalent coefficient of
permeability for flow in the horizontal direction?
A. 30.60 m/day B. 27.32 m/day
C. 28.20 m/day D. 29.76 m/day
96. Which of the following most nearly gives the hydraulic gradient?
A. 0.0060 B. 0.0067
C. 0.0085 D. 0.0075
97. Which of the following most nearly gives the rate of flow of water per
meter width from one stream to another?
3 3
A. 12.61 m /day B. 11.62 m /day
3 3
C. 11.26 m /day D. 12.27 m /day

SITUATION XXXVI.
Two results of tri-axial drained test that was conducted on saturated clay 110. Which of the following most nearly gives the total horizontal passive
are as follows: pressure on the backfill at the bottom of the wall?
Trial Cell Pressure Deviator Stress A. 51.20 kPa B. 153.66 kPa
1 85 kPa 203 kPa C. 204.88 kPa D. 307.33 kPa
111. Which of the following most nearly gives the total passive force on the
2 130 kPa 262 kPa
backfill?
98. Which of the following most nearly gives the angle of internal friction A. 512.19 kN B. 307.33 kN
of the soil? C. 204.88 kN D. 166.35 kN
A. 23.33° B. 18.45° 112. Which of the following most nearly gives the location of the total
C. 24.26° D. 16.67° passive force from the bottom of the wall?
99. Which of the following most nearly gives the cohesion of the soil? A. 0.95 m B. 1.28 m
A. 36.66 kPa B. 33.55 kPa C. 1.40 m D. 1.60 m
C. 30.11 kPa D. 28.44 kPa
100. If a third test is made with a cell pressure of 185 kPa, which of the SITUATION XLI.
following most nearly gives the value of the maximum principal stress A vertical retaining wall retains soil at a depth of 26 ft. The soil has a dry
3 3
to be expected? unit weight of 110 lb/ft above the water table and a unit weight of 120 lb/ft
A. 352.05 kPa B. 467.55 kPa below the water table. The soil also has an angle of internal friction of 30°.
C. 519.11 kPa D. 553.33 kPa The ground water table is located 10 ft below the ground surface. Consider
1 ft length of wall.
113. Which of the following most nearly gives the total active pressure
SITUATION XXXVII.
acting on the wall?
A soil specimen has an angle of shearing resistance of 28° and a cohesion
of 31 kPa. The shearing stress on the failure plane at failure is 65 kPa. A. 16933.70 lbs B. 18144.80 lbs
101. Which of the following most nearly gives the minimum normal stress? C. 17484.03 lbs D. 16327.49 lbs
A. 16.35 kPa B. 21.18 kPa 114. Which of the following most nearly gives the location of the total active
C. 18.04 kPa D. 24.89 kPa pressure from the ground surface?
102. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum normal stress
A. 16.38 ft B. 19.27 ft
to cause failure? C. 15.09 ft D. 18.39 ft
A. 180.75 kPa B. 155.87 kPa 115. Which of the following most nearly gives the overturning moment
C. 161.52 kPa D. 172.12 kPa developed by the active forces?
103. Which of the following most nearly gives the normal stress on the
A. 190750.77 lb-ft B. 157070.45 lb-ft
failure plane at failure? C. 113963.80 lb-ft D. 138081.93 lb-ft
A. 59.86 kPa B. 66.70 kPa
SITUATION XLII.
C. 63.94 kPa D. 69.16 kPa
An anchored sheet pile 10.50 m high is to retain 7.30 m deep of soil. The
3
soil has an angle of friction of 31° with a unit weight of 17 kN/m . The sheet
SITUATION XXXVIII.
pile is anchored at a depth of 1.20 m below the ground surface with center
A tri-axial test was conducted on a moist sand sample. The normal stress
to center spacing of 3 m.
and the shear stress on the failure plane were determined to be 300 kPa
116. Which of the following most nearly gives the total active force on the
and 200 kPa, respectively. The cohesion of the soil was found to be 65
sheet pile per meter width?
kPa.
104. Which of the following most nearly gives the angle of shearing
A. 364.76 kN/m B. 281.16 kN/m
resistance of the soil? C. 299.97 kN/m D. 332.42 kN/m
A. 32.56° B. 26.74° 117. Which of the following most nearly gives the percentage of the total
C. 24.23° D. 18.97° passive resistance utilized by the wall?
105. Which of the following most nearly gives the angle of the failure
A. 86.12% B. 94.50%
plane? C. 72.84% D. 77.71%
A. 57.12° B. 54.48° 118. Which of the following most nearly gives the tension in the anchor?
C. 63.78° D. 61.28° A. 265.98 kN B. 294.75 kN
106. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum principal C. 249.29 kN D. 323.41 kN
stress?
A. 672.97 kPa B. 592.67 kPa
C. 576.42 kPa D. 609.32 kPa

UNIVERSITY OF NUEVA CACERES 10 CE REFRESHER – PART III - 2019

 ENGI NEERI NG REVIEW CENTER HYDRAULICS & GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION XLIII. 125. Which of the following most nearly gives the stability factor?
A 9 m deep braced cut in sand is shown in Figure GE-BE-105. On plan, the A. 5.92 B. 6.50
struts are placed at a spacing of 3 m center to center. Use Peck’s empirical C. 5.41 D. 6.31
pressure diagram and neglect soil reaction at the bottom of the cut. 126. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum depth up to
which the cut could be made?
A. 5.99 m B. 7.21 m
C. 6.82 m D. 6.37 m
127. Which of the following most nearly gives the angle that the failure
plane makes with the horizontal?
A. 28.61° B. 29.74°
C. 30.65° D. 27.60°

ASK…
BELIEVE…
RECEIVE…
119. Which of the following most nearly gives the strut load at A?
A. 128.21 kN B. 224.37 kN
“Whatever you ask for in prayer,
C. 189.25 kN D. 288.47kN
120. Which of the following most nearly gives the strut load at B? believe that you have received it,
A. 128.21 kN B. 224.37 kN and it will be yours.”
C. 189.25 kN D. 288.47 kN
121. Which of the following most nearly gives the strut load at C?
Mark 11 :2 4
A. 128.21 kN B. 224.37 kN
C. 189.25 kN D. 288.47 kN
Do This If You Want To Pass Your Engineering Licensure Exam
SITUATION XLIV. (I wish I did this during my first take of the licensure exam)
A 1.5 m x 1.5 m square footing has a base depth of 1.0 m from the ground
surface. The soil supporting the foundation has an angle of friction of 20, a by Ninez Hernandez
3
cohesion of 15.2 kPa and a unit weight of 17.8 kN/m .
The ultimate bearing stress can be obtained using the equation: I was never the confident student in engineering school. Every
class I was in, I never really gave myself the chance to stand out among
qu  1.3cNc  Df Nq  0.4BN my peers because I underestimated my ability to absorb the lessons fast
Terzaghi’s bearing capacity factors can be determined using the and answer the questions asked correctly. I’ve never given myself the
table: opportunity to learn more about the engineering program I was in. So I
just sat in every class and I was the mediocre student my classmates
 Nc Nq N looked down on. In short, I was the student who never believed in
0 5.7 1.0 0 herself and her capabilities to excel in class.
5 7.3 1.6 1.5
Fast forward to graduation day, I was relieved that classes were
10 9.6 2.7 1.2 over yet there was only one obstacle I had to go through before I can
15 12.9 4.4 2.5 finally consider myself free from engineering: the licensure exam. Of
20 17.7 7.4 5.0 course, if you want to be really called an Engineer and get a really good
job in the industry, you must pass the licensure exam first.
25 25.1 12.7 9.7
30 37.2 22.5 19.1 So for five months, I studied. But at the back of my mind, I told
35 57.8 41.4 42.4 myself, can I really do this? Will I really make it? I was such an awful
40 95.7 81.3 100.4 student who didn’t engage in different learning opportunities so I keep
asking myself if I can do it. Self-doubt has clouded my mind and there
45 172.3 173.3 297.5 was always this insecurities that bothered me. I didn’t really believe in
50 347.5 415.1 1153.0 myself, so when the time came that I took the licensure exam, I was
filled with more panic, self-doubt and self-loathing during the exam.
122. Which of the following most nearly gives the ultimate bearing capacity
of the soil? I felt discouraged as I answer one question after another. I even
A. 534.87 kPa B. 827.33 kPa remember preparing a speech to tell my parents just in case I didn’t
C. 300.87 kPa D. 133.72 kPa pass the exam. The sad thing about it though is that the mind can
123. Which of the following most nearly gives the allowable bearing really project your thoughts into your reality. I failed the licensure
capacity of the soil? exam. I thought that I was going to fail, that I wasn’t going to make and
A. 827.33 kPa B. 534.87 kPa well, I did fail. So it really broke my heart, which led me to disappear
from everyone for quite some time.
C. 133.72 kPa D. 300.87 kPa
124. Which of the following most nearly gives the allowable gross load to When I finally got out of my hiatus, I decided to have a change of
be carried by the footing with a factor of safety of 4? heart. I knew I had to prepare again for my second take so I needed to
A. 133.72 kN B. 300.87 kN be more confident the second time around. I needed to have more faith
C. 534.87 kN D. 827.33 kN in myself and I had to endure all the hardships. And I did. Every time I
felt like giving up because I started to lose faith in my abilities, I
SITUATION XLV. (CE NOV 2009) reminded myself that I can do it. I needed to believe in myself before I
A cut slope was excavated in saturated clay as shown in Figure GE-FS- show to other people that I can be an awesome licensure exam-passing
3 person.
003. The soil has a unit weight of 18 kN/m and an additional shear
strength cu = 24 kPa. The slope makes an angle of 60° with the horizontal.
So when the days arrived that I took the second take, I kept
Assume stability number m = 0.185. Slope failure occurs along the plane
reminding myself that I can pass this exam. No matter how hard the
AC with BC = 8 m. second take was for me, I persevered and always told myself that I will
pass. I got rid of all the negative thoughts gave myself good reasons why
I deserve to pass this exam. So, on my second take, with the confidence
and faith I needed to pass, I did pass the licensure exam.

I’ve learned that in order for you to pass the exam, you have to
believe in yourself. You have to always remember that you have the
same chance of passing like everyone else.

I urge you to start believing in yourself. Start thinking positive

thoughts as the licensure exam approaches you. It can make a big
difference. Whatever your mind thinks, it will manifest. So good luck
and just have confidence in yourself as you take the exam. Hopefully,
you’ll pass the licensure exam as well.

UNIVERSITY OF NUEVA CACERES 11 CE REFRESHER – PART III - 2019