International Development Cooperation Lecture Note

Irrigation Canal Design

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International Development Cooperation Lecture Note

Concrete Lined Canal

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International Development Cooperation Lecture Note

Check Structure

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International Development Cooperation Lecture Note

Drop Structure

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International Development Cooperation Lecture Note

Environment Friendly Drop Structure

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International Development Cooperation Lecture Note

Diversion Weir

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International Development Cooperation Lecture Note

Fish Way

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International Development Cooperation Lecture Note

Open Channels

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International Development Cooperation Lecture Note

Artificial and Natural Channel

Cross-Sections

y - Depth of Flow (L)

A - Cross-Sectional Area (L2)
T - Top Width (L)
P - Wetted Perimeter (L)
Hankyong National University DR.LEENAMHO
International Development Cooperation Lecture Note

Best Hydraulic Section

• The channel design A

that gives the p  b  2h   2h
h
highest flow for a
P  A
given shape  (  2h)  0
• The best hydraulic h h h
section is achieved  A  2  0
2
by minimizing the h
wetted perimeter for 1
a given area. h B
2

Hankyong National University DR.LEENAMHO

International Development Cooperation Lecture Note

• Flow in streams, channels and large rivers

is typically classified as open channel flow.
– Laminar flow possible during low discharge rates
– Turbulent flow is typical, especially for flood events.
• Stream flow varies with many factors in a
watersheds including:
– Rate of precipitation and water input to channel.
– Channel characteristics (slope, area, sinuousity).
– Roughness along channel bottom and banks.
– Hydraulic control structures (culverts, bridges,
dams).

Hankyong National University DR.LEENAMHO

International Development Cooperation Lecture Note

To simplify the analysis of fluid flow

through channels
• Assumptions
 Flow is UNIFORM
the depth of flow is uniform along the channel
 Flow is STEADY
the channel flow does not change in time
• These are restrictive assumptions and
may not occur in channels

Hankyong National University DR.LEENAMHO

International Development Cooperation Lecture Note

Discharge and Flow Velocity Prediction

• Channel Width (w)

• Channel Depth (d)
• Cross-sectional area (a)
• Discharge (q)
• Velocity (v)
• Slope (S)
• Wetted Perimeter (P)
• Hydraulic Radius (R)

Hankyong National University DR.LEENAMHO

International Development Cooperation Lecture Note

Hydraulic Radius

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International Development Cooperation Lecture Note

Types of Flow

Variation in Time?
• Unsteady flow velocity and depth change with time
• Steady flow velocity and depth change with time
Variation in Space?
• Uniform flow velocity and depth same at every
cross-section
• Nonuniform flow velocity and depth vary between
cross-sections

Hankyong National University DR.LEENAMHO

International Development Cooperation Lecture Note

Uniform Flow

The depth (y) and velocity (V) are constant

throughout the entire reach of the channel

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International Development Cooperation Lecture Note

Manning's equation

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International Development Cooperation Lecture Note

Manning's n

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International Development Cooperation Lecture Note

Chezy Formular

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International Development Cooperation Lecture Note

What happens if a channel is not

rectangular? How would we compute R?

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International Development Cooperation Lecture Note

What happens if the channel cross section

is compound and contains floodplain?

Compound Manning Equation:

• Divide the channel into
representative sections and treat
each individually.
• Different geometries, roughness
and slopes can be assigned as
needed.
• One approach for two-stage
channel is to treat inner channel
separate from outer.
• Sum discharges across two
subsections to obtain total
discharge.

Hankyong National University DR.LEENAMHO

International Development Cooperation Lecture Note

Normal Depth

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International Development Cooperation Lecture Note

Excel Template

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