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Primary Documents in American History

United States Constitution


The members of the Constitutional Convention signed the United
States Constitution on September 17, 1787 in Philadelphia, The Foundation of American
Pennsylvania. The Constitutional Convention convened in response to Government / Hy. Hintermeister.
dissatisfaction with the Articles of Confederation and the need for a Reproduction of painting of George
strong centralized government. After four months of secret debate and Washington, Benjamin Franklin and
many compromises, the proposed Constitution was submitted to the others signing the U.S. Constitution
states for approval. Although the vote was close in some states, the in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Constitution was eventually ratified and the new Federal government 1 photomechanical print: color.
came into existence in 1789. The Constitution established the U.S. Newark, New Jersey:
government as it exists today. Osborn Co., c1925.
Prints & Photographs Division.
Library of Congress Web Site | External Web Sites | Selected Reproduction Number:
Bibliography LC-USZ62-995

American Memory Historical Collections

A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation

Elliot's Debates is a five-volume collection compiled by Jonathan Elliot in the mid-nineteenth century. The
volumes remain the best source for materials about the national government's transitional period between the
closing of the Constitutional Convention in September 1787 and the opening of the First Federal Congress in
March 1789.

Farrand's Records gathered the documentary records of the Constitutional Convention into four volumes, three
of which are included in this online collection, containing the materials necessary to study the workings of the
Constitutional Convention. The notes taken at that time by James Madison, and later revised by him, form the
largest single block of material other than the official proceedings. The three volumes also include notes and
letters by many other participants, as well as the various constitutional plans proposed during the convention
such as the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan.

The Making of the U.S. Constitution is a special presentation that provides a brief history of the making of the
Constitution followed by the text of the Constitution as originally adopted.

An American Time Capsule: Three Centuries of Broadsides and Other Printed Ephemera

This collection contains a broadside announcing that Virginia had ratified the Constitution on June 25, 1787. It
also presents a copy of the Constitution that includes Rhode Island's ratification statement from May 29, 1790.

Search this collection to locate additional printed ephemera related to the Constitution.

Documents from the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention, 1774-1789

Presents an early printed version of the Constitution from 1787. This collection also contains an additional
twenty documents from the Constitutional Convention Broadside Collection, including documents relating to
the Constitutional Convention of 1787, extracts of proceedings of state assemblies and conventions relating to
the ratification of the Constitution, and several essays on ratification. Search on the word "Constitution" to find
these broadsides.

This collection contains an essay titled To Form a More Perfect Union that examines American history from
1774 to 1789, including the work of the Constitutional Convention.

George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress

This collection contains a printed copy of the Constitution with marginal notes by George Washington from
September 12, 1787. It also includes Washington's copies of the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan.
Search this collection using the words "Constitution" or "Constitutional Convention" to find additional
documents, including a copy of the diary Washington kept during the Constitutional Convention.

The James Madison Papers

The James Madison Papers consists of approximately 12,000 items that document the life of the man who
came to be known as the “Father of the Constitution.” Includes an essay on Madison's role in the
Constitutional Convention. Also contains Madison's original notes on debates in the Federal Convention of
1787, Part 1 and Part 2, as well as John C. Payne's copy of Madison's original notes.

Search this collection to locate additional documents related to the Constitution.

The Thomas Jefferson Papers at the Library of Congress

Thomas Jefferson received a copy of the Constitution in November, 1787, while living in France. Beginning
on the second page of a letter to James Madison dated December 20, 1787, Jefferson expressed his opinions on
the new Constitution, including his belief that a Bill of Rights was needed. This collection also contains
Alexander Hamilton's proposals from the Constitutional Convention and Jefferson's notes on the Constitution
from 1788.

Search this collection using the words "Constitution" or "Constitutional Convention" to find additional
documents on this topic.

Words and Deeds in American History

Presents Alexander Hamilton's notes for a speech proposing a plan of government at the Constitutional
Convention.

America's Library

Jump Back in Time: The New United States of America Adopted the Bill of Rights
December 15, 1791

Meet Amazing Americans: James Madison's Contribution to the Constitution

Exhibitions

American Treasures of the Library of Congress - Report of the Committee of Detail

On July 24, 1787, the Federal Convention appointed a five-man Committee of Detail, chaired by John
Rutledge of South Carolina, to prepare a draft constitution that encompassed the results of deliberations up to
that point.

American Treasures of the Library of Congress - Report of the Committee of Style

During the Constitutional Convention, the Committee of Style was appointed "to revise the style of, and
arrange, the articles which have been agreed to by the House." On September 12, 1787, the Convention
ordered copies printed and distributed to the delegates. This copy belonged to James Madison.

Creating the United States

This online exhibition offers insights into how the nation’s founding documents were forged and the role that
imagination and vision played in the unprecedented creative act of forming a self–governing country. The
exhibition contains a section on creating the United States Constitution.

The Teachers Page

American Memory Timeline: The United States Constitution


Discusses the Constitutional Convention and links to related documents.

Primary Source Set: The Constitution

This Primary Source Set includes images, documents, maps, sound files and analysis tools to help teach about
the United States Constitution.

Today in History

September 17, 1787

Members of the Constitutional Convention signed the final draft of the Constitution on September 17, 1787.

October 27, 1787

Known as the Federalist Papers, the first in a series of eighty-five essays by "Publius," the pen name of
Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, appeared in the New York Independent Journal on
October 27, 1787.

December 12, 1787

On December 12, 1787, delegates to the Pennsylvania ratifying convention meeting at the Pennsylvania State
House voted to ratify the Constitution.

December 18, 1787

The New Jersey ratifying caucus approved the Constitution on December 18, 1787.

January 9, 1788

On January 9, 1788, Connecticut ratified the Constitution, becoming the fifth state in the Union.

July 26, 1788

On July 26, 1788, the Convention of the State of New York, meeting in Poughkeepsie, voted to ratify the
Constitution.

December 15, 1791

The new United States of America adopted the Bill of Rights, the first ten amendments to the U.S.
Constitution, confirming the fundamental rights of its citizens on December 15, 1791.

THOMAS

A collection of Constitution Day resources for teachers from the Library of Congress.

Webcasts

Award-winning author and journalist Linda R. Monk discussed her book, The Words We Live By: Your
Annotated Guide to the Constitution (Hyperion, 2003), at the Library of Congress on April 14, 2003.

External Web Sites

The American Constitution - A Documentary Record, The Avalon Project at Yale Law School

Charters of Freedom, Constitution of the United States, National Archives and Records Administration

Constitution of the United States, Government Printing Office


The Founders' Constitution, University of Chicago Press and the Liberty Fund

Interactive Constitution, National Constitution Center

Our Documents, Constitution of the United States, National Archives and Records Administration

Selected Bibliography

Amar, Akhil Reed. America’s Constitution: A Biography. New York: Random House, 2005. [Catalog Record]

Bowen, Catherine Drinker. Miracle at Philadelphia: The Story of the Constitutional Convention, May to
September, 1787. Boston: Little, Brown, 1986. [Catalog Record]

Collier, Christopher, and James Lincoln Collier. Decision in Philadelphia: The Constitutional Convention of
1787. New York: Random House, 1986. [Catalog Record]

Maddex, Robert L., The U.S. Constitution A to Z. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press, 2008. [Catalog Record]

Maier, Pauline. Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787-1788. New York: Simon & Schuster,
2010. [Catalog Record]

Monk, Linda R. The Words We Live By: Your Annotated Guide to the Constitution. New York: Hyperion,
2003. [Catalog Record]

Rakove, Jack N. Original Meanings: Politics and Ideas in the Making of the Constitution. New York: A.A.
Knopf, 1996. [Catalog Record]

Stewart, David O. The Summer of 1787: The Men Who Invented the Constitution. New York: Simon &
Schuster, 2007. [Catalog Record]

Younger Readers

Banks, Joan. The U.S. Constitution. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 2001. [Catalog Record]

Bjornlund, Lydia D. The Constitution and the Founding of America. San Diego, Calif.: Lucent Books, 2000.
[Catalog Record]

Collier, Christopher, and James Lincoln Collier. Creating the Constitution, 1787. New York: Benchmark
Books, 1999. [Catalog Record]

Faber, Doris, and Harold Faber. We the People: The Story of the United States Constitution Since 1787. New
York: Scribner's, 1987. [Catalog Record]

Fritz, Jean. Shh! We're Writing the Constitution. New York: Putnam, 1987. [Catalog Record]

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