Research Proposal

Research Title: Synchronization of Chaotic Systems and its Application in

Secure Communication

Introduction
The concept of dynamical system is a mathematical formulation for any fixed law that depicts
the time response of a point’s position. The hypothesis of the dynamical system manages the
long term subjective conduct and concentrates the idea of the movement of a framework that is
regularly mechanical or general physical phenomena. In recent days, the dynamical system has
been focused on the study of chaotic systems due to their importance in real time applications
such as image processing, secure communications and so on see [1-5]. Although fractional
calculus has a history as long as the integer-order calculus, it has received much attention only in
recent several decades because it has been shown that the fractional calculus can provide real-
world systems some useful properties, such as hereditary and memory [12]. With the supplement
and perfection of fractional theory, fractional calculus provides better application value and
development prospects than the integer-order one. The advancements in the field of secure
communications are presently play an important role in our real life. This gives birth to various
digital technologies like online voting, biometric, face identification and so on. In recent years,
fractional order dynamical systems are used to encrypt and decrypt an image, audio and video
signals by the route of synchronization of chaotic systems. Image processing and dynamical
system will become most powerful weapon to defeat an insecure channel and gives protection
from adversary.

Literature Review
Master-slave synchronization method is proposed by Pecora and Carroll [6]. The fundamental
idea of master-slave synchronization is to take the output of one chaotic system to the input of
other chaotic system, so that realize the synchronization of the two systems. Master-slave
method is the basic of other methods, and is also an important way to give an application in
secure communication. In recent days, the following literatures are studied in chaotic systems.
1. P. Balasubramaniam et.al [5] studied an appropriate linear and nonlinear feedback
control, the two identical integer order chaotic systems are synchronized. ElGamal public
key cryptosystem is studied through the existing Diffie–Hellman key exchange protocol
based on the synchronized chaotic systems using linear feedback control and their
security are analyzed.
2. P. Muthukumar et.al [14] studied three dimensional king cobra face shaped fractional
order chaotic system. The necessary conditions for the multi-scale synchronization of two
identical fractional order king cobra chaotic systems are derived through feedback
control. Cryptographic technique for an image encryption and decryption is obtained by
using synchronized fractional order King Cobra chaotic systems.
3. S. Lakshmanan et.al [4] studied the synchronization of an inertial neural network with
time-varying delays is investigated. The synchronization criteria are established in terms
of linear matrix inequalities. Moreover, a feedback controller is designed to attain
synchronization between the master and slave models. An image encryption algorithm is
studied based on the piecewise linear chaotic map and the chaotic inertial neural network.
The chaotic signals obtained from the inertial neural network are utilized for the
encryption process.
4. M. Prakash et.al [13] mainly focused on synchronization criteria for Markovian jumping
time delayed bidirectional associative memory neural networks and their applications in
secure image communications.
5. K. Ratnavelu et.al [3] studied an image encryption based on synchronization of chaotic
fuzzy cellular neural networks (FCNNs) with different time delays and uses sampled-data
controller.
6. The theoretical framework [2] is developed to identify the values of the parameters of
FCNN to generate chaotic signals, which are in turn utilized to encrypt the image. The
encryption method is designed where an encrypted pixel is generated based on the
corresponding plaintext pixel together with the neighbouring encrypted pixels.
7. H. Wang et.al [11] developed the synchronization scheme by combining a fuzzy method
with intermittent control.
 8. M. Kalpana et.al [1] studied an audio encryption technique by using synchronization
of hybrid bidirectional associative memory (BAM) and fuzzy cellular neural networks
(FCNNs) with time delays.
9. J. Liu et.al [9] demonstrated the advantages of fractional complex chaotic
synchronization (FCCS) in secure communication. The authors proposed the definition of
fractional difference function synchronization (FDFS) according to difference function
synchronization (DFS) of integer complex chaotic systems. The proposed work is
demonstrated in secure communication.
10. G. Li et.al [10] studied the synchronization characteristic of a class of the cellular neural
network and Lorenz hyper chaotic systems. The control method between different
chaotic and dimensions system, using the controller and based on stability theory of
Lyapunov approach, the synchronization is studied. Finally a synchronization encryption
algorithm for audio is presented.
11. Y. Cao [7] studied the coupled synchronization control method and also proposed the
chaotic synchronization problem of fractional calculus financial systems.
12. Y. J. Chen et.al [8] studied the polynomial fuzzy model based design methodology to
synchronize multi-scroll Chen chaotic systems for secure communication. At first, the
authors developed the architecture of secure communication system (SCS) based on the
synchronization of multi-scroll Chen chaotic systems. Then, the master and slave multi-
scroll Chen chaotic systems are transformed into the equivalent master and slave
polynomial fuzzy models respectively.

Objectives and Methodology

This research will focus on the secure communication of an image, audio and video signals that
are used in real time applications with the help of synchronization of chaotic system. To model
the fractional electronic circuit into fractional order dynamical system and analyze their chaotic
behavior for some appropriate parameters. Due to the presence of uncertainty, impulse, jump and
external disturbances in real life problems, we model a novel fractional order impulsive
Markovian jump chaotic system with uncertainties. This system will be linearized by T-S fuzzy
model and synchronize the proposed master and slave system by utilizing the fuzzy control,
sliding mode control and intermittent control. Our research work is to build up a novel fuzzy and
sliding mode control because of vulnerability and outside influences in nature. After
synchronization, a fractional mask (key matrix) is generated for encryption and decryption
process. Most of the encryption techniques are destroyed by brute force attack. To overcome
these difficulties, these kind of fractional mask is generated. Also, the proposed mask will be
convoluted with DNA sequence due to need of more security purpose. Finally, a new fractional
mask is applied to the original signals (image, audio and video) with some mathematical
operation.

Synchronization of the following problems will be investigated in my Ph.D. programme.

Phase I:

S. Chaotic system
No.
1. Fractional order chaotic system and its application in image enhancement
2. Fractional order hyperchaotic system and its application in audio encryption
3. T-S fuzzy model of fractional order memristive chaotic system and its application in
video encryption
4. T-S fuzzy model of fractional order impulsive chaotic system and its application in
image encryption

Phase II:

S. Chaotic neural network

No.
1. Fuzzy model of time delayed fractional order chaotic neural network and its
application in secure communication
2. Fuzzy model of time delayed fractional order chaotic neural network with uncertainty
and its application in satellite signal communication
3. Fractional order Markovian jump chaotic neural network and its application in image
processing
4. Fractional order stochastic Markovian jump impulsive chaotic neural network and its
application in secure communication
References
[1] M. Kalpana, K. Ratnavelu and P. Balasubramaniam, An audio encryption based on
synchronization of robust BAM FCNNs with time delays, Multimedia Tools and
Applications, 78, 5969-5988, (2019).

[2] M. Kalpana, K. Ratnavelu, P. Balasubramaniam and M. Z. M. Kamali, Synchronization

of chaotic-type delayed neural networks and its application, Nonlinear Dynamics, 93,
543-555, (2018).

[3] K. Ratnavelu, M. Kalpana, P. Balasubramaniam, K. Wong and P. Raveendran, Image

encryption method based on chaotic fuzzy cellular neural networks, Signal Processing,
140, 87-96, (2017).

[4] S. Lakshmanan, M. Prakash, C. P. Lim, R. Rakkiyappan, P. Balasubramaniam and S.

Nahavandi, Synchronization of an inertial neural network with time-varying delays and
its application to securer communication, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and
Learning Systems, 29, 195-207, (2016).

[5] P. Balasubramaniam and P. Muthukumar, Synchronization of chaotic systems using

feedback controller: An application to Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol and
ElGamal public key cryptosystem, Egyptian Mathematical Society, 22, 365-372, (2014).

[6] L. M. Pecora and T. L. Carroll, Synchronization in chaotic systems, Physical Review

Letters, 64, 821-824, (1990).

[7] Y. Cao, Chaotic synchronization based on fractional order calculus financial system,
Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 130, 1-7, (2020).

[8] Y. J. Chen, H. G. Chou, W. J. Wang, S. H. Tsai, K. Tanaka, H. O. Wang and K. C.

Wang, A polynomial-fuzzy-model-based synchronization for the multi-scroll Chen
chaotic secure communication system, Engineering Applications of Artificial
Intelligence, 87, 1-12, (2020).

[9] J. Liu, Z. Wang, M. Shu, F. Zhang, S. Leng and X. Sun, Secure communication of
fractional complex chaotic systems based on fractional difference function
synchronization, Complexity, 1-10, (2019).

[10] G. Li, Y. Pu, B. Yang and J. Zhao, Synchronization between different hyper chaotic
systems and dimensions of cellular neural network and its design in audio encryption,
Cluster Computing, 22, 7423-7434, (2019).
[11] H. Wang and H. Yu, Fuzzy synchronization of chaotic systems via intermittent control,
Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 106, 154-160, (2018).

[12] A. A. Kilbas, H. M. Srivastava and J. J. Trujillo, Theory and applications of fractional

differential equations, Elsevier, Netherland, (2006).

[13] M. Prakash, P. Balasubramaniam, S. Lakshmanan, Synchronization of Markovian

jumping inertial neural networks and its application in image encryption, Neural
Networks, 83, 86-93, (2016).

[14] P. Muthukumar, P. Balasubramaniam and K. Ratnavelu, Synchronization and an

application of a novel fractional order king cobra chaotic system, Chaos: An
Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, 24, 1-11, (2014).