APA STYLE, 6th edition

GUIDE TO USING THE UQ LIBRARY ENDNOTE OUTPUT STYLE

The sixth edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association
gives detailed and often complex instructions on how to reference sources. The EndNote
software is not able to meet all the requirements of the APA style.

However if you follow the instructions below, and use them in conjunction with the
uq_apa6th output style which you can download from the University of Queensland
Library website at http://www.library.uq.edu.au/endnote/styles.html, you should be
able to produce references which are close to APA requirements in the majority of cases.

These instructions deal mainly with how to enter data into your EndNote library. The
EndNote output style can only format your references correctly if you have entered data
into the correct fields, as specified below.

If you have exported references to your EndNote library from databases other than
Psycinfo, you will probably have to do some editing of those references in your library.

Print or Online?

Most journal articles (and an increasing number of books) are now being accessed online.
Many of these publications are also available in an identical printed format.

APA referencing requirements for electronic publications are more complicated than the
requirements for printed publications. For this reason, many researchers cite the printed
format of the publication even though they have used the online format. You must
decide which policy you intend to follow.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

The Digital Object Identifier is now being used by the APA style to cite online
publications. Not all online publications have a DOI.
In the following image of the first page of a journal article, the DOI is printed in the top
right-hand corner:

Citing Specific Page Numbers

If you have quoted directly from a source, you must cite the specific page number from
which you obtained the quotation. Click on the citation in your document, and select the
EndNote Edit Citations command. When the dialogue box opens, you will see a box
labelled Pages where you can insert the page number.

For online documents which do not have page numbers, you can still use the Edit
Citations function. Go to the Suffix box and insert a paragraph number, or the heading of
the relevant section. You will also have to enter the necessary preceding punctuation. For
example, you might type in the Suffix box: , para. 4

Removing the Author's Name from the Citation in the Text

If you have inserted a reference and your document now looks like this: Smith (Smith,
2008) has argued that…, you should use the Edit Citations command and check the
Exclude Author box. EndNote will remove the author's name from the citation and it
will now read: Smith (2008) has argued that…

Acronyms for Corporate Authors

When citing references in the text, it is permissible to use a common acronym for the
name of a corporate author, e.g. WHO instead of World Health Organization. However
the full form of the name should be used when the author is cited for the first time. The
full form must also be used in the reference list.

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For a workaround that will allow you to do this with EndNote, see:
http://www.library.uq.edu.au/endnote/acronym_in_citation.html

Different Authors with the Same Family Name

EndNote is able to deal with the situation where you cite different authors who have the
same family name. APA style requires that you use the first initials of these authors'
names in the citation in the text. For more information, see:
http://www.library.uq.edu.au/endnote/initials_in_citation.html

References with More than Seven Authors

When a reference has more than seven authors, the 6th edition of the APA style requires
that the bibliography list the first six authors, followed by the points of ellipsis (…) and
the last author's name. Currently the EndNote software cannot format references like this.
The output style will list the first six authors, followed by et al.

Entering Data in Your EndNote Library: General Instructions

Multiple Authors: each author must be entered on a separate line in the Author
field of the reference.

Corporate Authors: if the author is an organisation, type the name in the Author
field, and type a comma at the end of the name (e.g. American Psychological
Association,)

No Author: if the reference has no discernible personal or corporate author,

EndNote will use the title when citing it in the text. If the title is more than a few
words long, you should enter the first few words in the Short Title field of the
reference. EndNote will use this short title when citing the reference in the text.
The full title will be used in the reference list.

Capitalisation of Titles: For journal articles and books, capitalise only the first
word of the title and the first word of the subtitle (e.g. Women and depression:
Recovery and resistance). But for titles of journals, capitalise all significant words
(e.g. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology).

Reprint of an Earlier Publication: If you are citing a recent publication of a

work which was first published many years ago, enter the original date of
publication in the Original Publication field. The output style will use this data
when creating the citation in the text, e.g. (James, 1890/2003).

No year of publication: Some references do not identify the year of publication.

This is particularly true of web pages. In these cases, type the letters n.d. (for "no
date") in the Year field.

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Entering Data in Your EndNote Library: Specific Reference Types

The uq_apa6th output style is configured to format the following reference types, using
the fields indicated under each. If you follow these instructions, most of your references
should format in accordance with the APA manual.

If you have to use another reference type, the output style will format it in a simple
generic format.

Journal Articles

When citing a journal articles which you accessed in printed form, use the Journal Article
reference type.

Enter data in the following fields: Author, Year, Title, Journal, Volume, Issue (if
appropriate), Pages.

Electronic Journal Articles

When citing a journal article which you accessed electronically, use the Electronic Article
reference type.

Enter data in the following fields: Author, Year, Title, Periodical Title, Volume, Issue (if
appropriate), Pages (some online journals paginate each article from page one onwards;
in such cases, leave the Pages field blank).

Enter the Digital Object Identifier of the article in the DOI field. If the article has no DOI,
use the URL field and enter either the URL of the journal's website (for subscription
journals), or the full URL of the article (for articles available free on the web).

Newspaper Articles

For newspaper articles use the Newspaper Article reference type, regardless of whether
you accessed the article in print or online.

Enter data in the following fields: Reporter (if applicable), Year, Title, Newspaper, Pages
(normally only relevant to printed newspapers), Issue Date.

If you accessed the article online, enter the URL of the newspaper's home page in the
URL field.

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Books

When citing a book that you accessed in printed form, us the Book reference type and
enter data in the following fields: Author, Year, Title, City, Publisher. Other fields may
also be relevant: Edition, Volume.

Electronic Books

When citing an electronic book, use the Electronic Book reference type. Enter data in the
following fields: Author, Year, Title. Other fields may also be relevant: Edition, Volume.

If relevant, the type of e-book (e.g. Kindle Reader version) can be entered in the Type of
Medium field.

Enter the Digital Object Identifier of the book in the DOI field.

If the book has no DOI, use the URL field and enter the full URL of the e-book if it was
only published electronically. If the book was originally published in print, enter the URL
of the homepage of the website on which it is available.

Edited Books

For an edited book, whether print or electronic, use the Edited Book reference type.

For a printed edited book, follow the instructions for a printed book (see above).

For an electronic edited book, follow the instructions for an electronic book (see above).
If relevant, the type of e-book (e.g. Kindle Reader version) can be entered in the Type of
Work field.

Book Sections

Use the Book Section reference type for an article in an edited book, whether print or
electronic. The edited book might be a volume of conference proceedings, an
encyclopaedia, a dictionary, or just a collection of papers by different authors on a
particular subject.

Enter data in the following fields: Author, Year, Title (for the title of the section), Editor,
Book Title, City, Publisher, Volume (if applicable), Pages, Edition (if applicable).

If the book section is available electronically, enter the Digital Object Identifier of the
book in the DOI field.

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If the book section is available electronically but has no DOI, use the URL field and enter
the full URL of the location if it was only published electronically. If the book section
was originally published in print, enter the URL of the homepage of the website on which
it is available.

Reports

Use the Report reference type for reports, whether print or electronic, published by
government agencies, research institutes, etc.

Enter data in the following fields: Author, Year, Title, City, Institution, Report Number (if
applicable).

When entering data in the Report Number field, enter the name of the report series and
the number, e.g. Technical Report No. 87; Bulletin 08-27.

If the report is available electronically, enter the Digital Object Identifier of the report in
the DOI field.

If the report was published electronically but has no DOI, use the URL field and enter the
full URL.

Conference Papers

For a published conference paper, use the Book Section reference type if the paper was
published in an edited volume of conference proceedings. If the paper was published as a
journal article (possibly in a special issue of a journal), use the Journal Article reference
type.

Use the Conference Paper reference type for an unpublished conference paper, whether
print or electronic.

Enter data in the following fields: Author, Year, Date (month only, if known), Title,
Conference Name, Conference Location (if known).

If the paper is available electronically, enter the Digital Object Identifier of the paper in
the DOI field.

If the paper was published electronically but has no DOI, use the URL field and enter the
full URL.

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Theses and Dissertations

Use the Thesis reference type for a thesis or dissertation, whether you accessed it in print
form or online.

Enter data in the following fields: Author, Year, Title, Thesis Type (enter either Doctoral
dissertation or Master's thesis), University, City.

If the dissertation or thesis is available on the Proquest Dissertations and Theses database,
enter the name of this database in the URL field, followed by the order number in
parentheses, e.g. Proquest Dissertations and Theses database (UMI No. 1789325)

If the thesis is available online elsewhere, enter the Digital Object Identifier of the thesis
in the DOI field.

If the thesis was published online but has no DOI, use the URL field and enter the URL of
an institutional repository where it is located, or the full URL of the thesis if it is not
located in an institutional repository (for example, if it is located on the author's
homepage.)

Audiovisual Material

Use the Audiovisual Material reference type for items such as maps, video, sound
recordings, broadcasts.

Enter data in the following fields: Author, Year, Date (mainly used for broadcast
material), Title, Type (e.g. DVD, Audio podcast, Video webcast, Television series
episdode, CD, Map), City, Publisher (use for TV network, film or record distributor, etc.).

If the item is available electronically, enter the Digital Object Identifier of the item in the
DOI field.

If the item was published electronically but has no DOI, use the URL field and enter the
full URL.

Manuscript and Archival Material

Use the Manuscript reference type for unpublished archival sources. These will normally
have been accessed in paper format, although a small amount of such material has now
been digitised and is available online.

Enter data in the following fields: Author, Year, Date (if applicable), Title (if any), Type
of Work (use this field for descriptive phrases, e.g. Letter to William James; Diary;
Interview with Walter Smith), Collection Title (if relevant, use this field for the title of a
collection of records within a repository, e.g. William James Papers, and include here the

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number of the item within the collection), Library/Archive (name of the institution where
the document is stored), City (location of the library or archive).

If the item is available electronically, enter the Digital Object Identifier of the item in the
DOI field.

If the item is available electronically but has no DOI, use the URL field and enter the full
URL.

Web Pages

Use the Web Page reference type for online material not covered by the more specific
reference types listed above. This would include postings on blogs, bulletin boards and
discussion lists.

Enter data in the following fields: Author, Year, Last Update Date (if given), Title, Type
of Medium (e.g. Web log message; Electronic mailing list message; Online forum
comment), URL.