Fire Protection Standard For Fire Fighting Equipment

THERMAL COAL
IMPLEMENTATION DATE 9/2/2013

HEAD OFFICE FIRE PROTECTION STANDARD FOR FIRE FIGHTING
EQUIPMENT DOC NO AATC000171
HEAD OFFICE FIRE PROTECTION

STANDARD FOR FIRE FIGHTING
EQUIPMENT
AUTHORISATIONS NAME POSITION SIGNATURE DATE
AUTHOR Thomson, Andrew AATC Divisional

(VOHE) VOHE Manager
AATC Head of
REVIEWED BY Engineering,
Maapola, Phanki
Underground
Operations
AATC Head of
REVIEWED BY Engineering,
Ford, Julian
Technical Services
and Projects
REVIEWED BY AATC Head Opencast

Matthews, Darren
Engineering
AATC Head of
APPROVED BY Engineering Services,
Coetzee, Johnny
RSA Opencast
Operations
Refer to the AATC Document Management System for the latest version of the document. Copyright resides with the
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company.
CONTENTS
Page
1 AIM 3
2 SCOPE 3
3 DEFINITIONS 3
4 ABBREVIATIONS 4
5 STANDARD SPECIFICATION 6
5.1 Hand-Held Fire Extinguishers 6

5.2 65 mm Fire Hydrants and Related Equipment 6
5.3 Fire Fighting Water Supply and Fire Pumps 8
5.4 25 mm Fire Hosereels 10
5.5 Foam Trolleys 11
5.6 Various Types of Fire Engines and their Application 12
5.7 Initial Attack Fire Appliances 13
5.8 Emergency and Standby Generator Installations on Surface 14
5.9 Mobile Water-Supply Fire Appliances 15
5.10 Pumper Fire Appliances 18
5.11 Fire and Fire Equipment Training 20
5.12 Installation and Maintenance of Hand Held Portable Fire
Extinguishers 21
5.13 Installation, Maintenance, Inspection and Testing of 65 mm Fire
Hydrant, Standpipe and Hose Systems 32
5.14 Installation and Maintenance of Dedicated Main Fire Service
Pipeline 40
5.15 Installation and Maintenance of Water Storage Tanks 44
5.16 Installation and Maintenance of 25 mm Fire Hose Reels 47
5.17 Installation and Maintenance of Fire Pumps 49
6 REFERENCES 56
7 REVISION HISTORY 57
8 APPENDICES 57
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company.
1 AIM
The aim of this standard is to ensure that fire fighting equipment complies with minimum
requirement for suppression of fire.
2 SCOPE
This standard is applicable to all the Anglo Thermal Coal Operations where the following fire
fighting equipment is required:
a) Hand-Held Fire Extinguishers

b) 65 mm Fire Hydrants and Related Equipment
c) Fire Fighting Water Supply and Fire Pumps
d) 25 mm Fire Hosereels
e) Foam Trolleys
f) Various Types of Fire Engines and their Application
g) Initial Attack Fire Appliances
h) Emergency and Standby Generator Installations on Surface
i) Mobile Water-Supply Fire Appliances
j) Pumper Fire Appliances
k) Fire and Fire Equipment Training
l) Installation and Maintenance of Hand Held Portable Fire Extinguishers Standard
m) Installation, Maintenance, Inspection and Testing of 65 mm Fire Hydrant, Standpipe and
Hose Systems
n) Installation and Maintenance of Dedicated Main Fire Service Pipeline
o) Installation and Maintenance of Water Storage Tanks
p) Installation and Maintenance of 25 mm Fire Hose Reels
q) Installation and Maintenance of Fire Pumps
3 DEFINITIONS
Term Definition
Throughout these standards, measures are frequently prescribed as
‘depending on the assessed criticality of the installation’. The criticality
of an installation is to be determined by a risk assessment which takes
into account the foreseeable combined impact:
Criticality
 on the safety and health of people,
 in terms of property damage / loss (asset value),
 in terms of business interruption, i.e. loss of revenue due to
process interruption, if the installation were to be damaged or lost.
This term refers to a material which under all normal conditions cannot
burn. Examples are brick, concrete, mineral wool, rock wool and perlite.
In most cases, project managers will need to use such materials for
walls, support structures and similar.
Incombustible
Note, though, that even ‘incombustible’ materials will lose their
structural integrity when subjected to extreme heat, although they will
never actually burn, and will therefore never contribute to the fire load in
a building. For example, steel starts to buckle at a relatively low 500O.
Even concrete will decompose under really extreme conditions (e.g. the
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company.
Term Definition
World Trade Centre disaster), when the concrete reverted to powder.
“Fire retardant” is one of several terms that for all practical purposes
within the context of this document mean roughly the same thing. Other
terms in the group are “fire resistant”, “flame retardant” and “flame
resistant”. The following discussion is relevant to all of these terms.
These terms refer to materials which are so composed or treated as to

inhibit combustion. But flame retardant material may still combust if
there is an outside heat source acting upon it. Manufacturers of flame
retardant materials often claim that it ‘will not support combustion’, but if
heat from another source, like other burning materials, is applied to it, it
will still combust upon reaching its particular ignition temperature,
whereupon it will burn in conjunction with the external heat source,
adding to the energy levels available for release during the fire. This will
hasten structural collapse and propagation of the fire to unaffected
areas, because the fire will ‘burn that much hotter’.
Sometimes, once the external heat source has been removed, the fire
Fire Retardant
retardant material will cease to burn, but it can happen that if sufficiently
high temperatures have been reached before the external heat source
has been removed, the ‘fire retardant’ material will still continue to burn,
despite its supposed ‘flame retardancy’.
From the above, it is obvious that ‘flame retardant’ materials have very
limited use, and actually offer little advantage. An example is styrene
which normally ignites at around 200OC. Flame retardant styrene is
claimed only to ignite at around 300OC. However, when one considers
that structure fires easily reach 1000O C quite quickly, then it is obvious
that this difference is just academic.
In reality, the term ‘fire retardant’ is misleading, and project managers

would do well to aim for ‘incombustible” construction materials in almost
all cases in Plants and similar. ‘Flame retardant’ materials may have
some use in low risk, low value facilities where life safety is not an
issue.
4 ABBREVIATIONS
Term Abbreviation
LDV Light Delivery Vehicle
TLB Tractor Loader Back actor
AATC Anglo American Thermal Coal
SHERMP Safety, Health, Environment Risk Management Plan
FRMP Fire Risk Management Plan
SME Surface Mobile Equipment
AFFF Aqueous Film-Forming Foam
SABS South African Bureau of Standards
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company.
Term Abbreviation
DCP Dry Chemical Powder
ASIB Automatic Sprinkler Inspection Bureau (South Africa)
NFPA National Fire Protection Association
kPa Kilopascal
MCC Motor Control Centre
MV Medium Voltage
LT Low Tension
PLC Programmable Logic Controller
SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
CR Control Room
IT Information Technology
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
PVC Polyvinyl Chloride
FES Fire and Emergency Signs
cfm Cubic Feet per Minute
SCBA Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
ESCF Embankment-Supported Coated Fabric
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company.
5 STANDARD SPECIFICATION
5.1 Hand-Held Fire Extinguishers
5.1.1 Requirements
a) A minimum of one hand-held fire extinguisher to be deployed per 200 m2 of floor area in
all structures, increasing in density in areas with a high fire load, and / or an increased risk
of ignition.
b) Normal deployment is to be 9 kg DCP hand-held fire extinguishers.
c) In offices and areas where there are many female staff members, or disabled persons,
who may find 9kg units difficult to handle, 2 x 4.5kg hand-held DCP units may be
substituted for every 9kg DCP unit. Note that this concession is never appropriate in an
industrial area such as a workshop or plant building, where 9 kg units are an absolute
requirement.
d) areas where sensitive electronic equipment, foodstuffs, and medicines are present, 5 kg
hand-held CO2 fire extinguishers should be substituted in place of the 9kg hand-held
DCP fire extinguishers.
e) Fire extinguishers are to be mounted 1.2 metres above ground or floor level, against a
wall or other suitable support.
f) The relevant symbolic signage indicating the position of each fire extinguisher shall be
posted up. Such signage must comply with SABS 0400 TT29, FPA Bulletin 19, NFPA 170
& SABS 1186.
g) Directional signage is only necessary if the extinguisher is in an obscured position (e.g.
around a corner). Otherwise the symbolic signage and the extinguisher’s colour (red) shall
serve to indicate its position.
h) An area of 1.2 metres x 1.2 metres shall be demarcated on the floor where fire
extinguishers are mounted, and shall be kept clear of obstructions at all times, to make
access to the fire extinguishers possible whenever required.
i) Three-monthly inspections must be conducted on all fire extinguishers deployed. Results
must be logged and deviations noted must be rectified within the shortest reasonable
time.
j) Servicing by an accredited external agency is to be performed on each unit once per year.
k) Pressure testing of the cylinders is to be performed every 3 years.
l) Fire extinguishers located inside plant buildings should ideally be mounted within see-
through “Extinguimate” type extinguisher cabinets, to prevent them from deterioration due
to the harsh environment.
m) Fire extinguishers located externally, and which are exposed to the elements should
ideally be mounted within glass or steel extinguisher cabinets, to protect them from the
elements.
n) Fire extinguishers inside buildings which do not constitute harsh environments, such as
office blocks, workshops, substations, stores and similar, do not require cabinets and may
be hung from a wall bracket.
o) 2 x 9 kg DCP fire extinguishers are to be mounted within 5m of every drive electric motor
associated with a belt conveyor.
5.2 65 mm Fire Hydrants and Related Equipment

5.2.1 Requirements
a) Area hydrants should be positioned on a 90 m x 90 m grid. By ‘area hydrants’ is meant

hydrants which are located at ground level and are intended to cover a wide area such as
a plant, a multiple workshop complex, or an office park, where a number of unattached
buildings are located. Area hydrants serve two purposes:
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 They obviate the need for internal hydrants in some of the smaller buildings, since
reliance may be placed upon the area hydrants alone.
 They offer a fall-back fire fighting strategy for use when a fire in a structure has
developed past the point where fire fighting operations can be conducted internally
using internally provided hydrants and hosereels. At this point, fire fighters will retreat
to a safe position outside the building, and will spray water on the flames using area
hydrants. The purpose of this activity might be to attempt to contain fire to only certain
levels of the structure, or to prevent the fire from spreading to other areas of the plant
or other complex.
Note however, that hydrants associated with specific buildings (“structural hydrants”), may
in some instances satisfy the requirement for area hydrants.
b) 65 mm fire hydrants are to be installed at the rate of one per level in all buildings
exceeding 12 metres in height.
c) In all structures with a footprint exceeding 1000 m², fire hydrants will be installed on all
levels at a rate of one per 1000 m² or part thereof.
d) In close proximity to each “structural hydrant” located in a building, a fire hose box or
cupboard must be provided, containing a minimum of 3 x 65 mm lay flat fire hoses and a
single 65 mm nozzle.
e) In the case of “area hydrants”, either a fire hose box containing at least 3 x 65 mm lay flat
fire hoses and a single 65 mm nozzle must be provided in a fire equipment box at each
hydrant point, or there must be ready access in a central position on site to a cache of at
least 9 x 65 mm lay flat fire hoses, and 3 x 65 mm nozzles.
In either case, the receptacle in which the fire equipment is kept must be colour coded red
and must be suitably demarcated with appropriate symbolic signage.
f) 65 mm fire nozzles, also called branches, shall have a 65 mm male fitting, and an internal
diameter of 16 mm. They may be fixed or variable jet, except that where nozzles are
provided primarily for the use of fire teams only, then at least 50% of the nozzles provided
shall be variable jet, to cater for specialist applications.
g) Hydrants in elevated positions, for example in multi-level plant structures or on conveyor
gantries, must be supplied off a steel rising or inclined main of minimum diameter 100 mm
which in turn is taken off a steel ring fed fire main at ground elevation which should be of
minimum diameter 300 mm.
Notwithstanding the above, no more than 3 x 65 mm fire hydrants may be taken off any
100 mm spur line leading off the ring main. If additional hydrants are required, then the
spur line must be increased to 300 mm, in diameter, in which case the number may
increase to five.
h) Single hydrants may be fed off a spur line of minimum diameter 75 mm, provided that no
such 75mm spur line should exceed 300 m in length. This requirement shall also apply to
the standpipes of single hydrants.
i) Concerning the minimum diameters specified above, note that at no point on the supply
line may the supply pipe be restricted or reduced to a lesser diameter, irrespective of for
how short a distance. This is based on the principle that the effective diameter of a pipe is
equal to its diameter at the narrowest point in its length.
j) All fire water mains and supply lines right up to the hydrant point must be of steel, unless
they are buried underground, in which case, Class 6 HDPE pipe is acceptable.
k) Colour-code all hydrant points and above ground fire mains red.
l) Irrespective of the aforegoing requirements, all hydrants on the system must be supplied
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at a minimum static pressure of 300 kPa. If necessary, increase the diameter of the pipes
to achieve this pressure.
m) Irrespective of the aforegoing, the water supply in the fire mains must be adequate to
ensure a minimum flow rate at each hydrant of 1200 l/min, measured when any three
hydrants on the system are open simultaneously. If necessary, increase the diameter of
the fire mains to achieve this required flow.
n) All “area hydrants” are to be located at least 3 metres away from any structure or installed
equipment, so that they can be accessed even if the fire has already taken hold on that
structure or equipment. This does not apply to “structure hydrants”.
o) Hydrants should be located as close as possible to hard surfaces / roadways, so that fire
engines connecting to them do not sink into the mud that will develop from prolonged fire
fighting.
p) All 65 mm hydrant points, and fire hose boxes, cabinets, cupboards and other
receptacles, must be inspected monthly by persons appointed in writing to perform this
task. Such persons should be suitably trained and the results of the inspections must be
logged. Any deviations noted must be rectified in the shortest possible time, as befits the
importance of all emergency equipment.
q) All 65 mm hydrant points, and fire hose boxes, cabinets, cupboards and other
receptacles, must be inspected annually by an accredited external service provider.
Effective hydrants and equipment are to be replaced or repaired as directed, again in the
shortest possible time.
r) No process / service water may be drawn from a fire main. Fire mains must be dedicated
to fire fighting purposes, from the reservoir to the point of delivery.
s) 65 mm hydrants, hoses and nozzles will not be used for any purpose other than fire
fighting.
t) The relevant symbolic signage indicating the position of each structural hydrant shall be
& SABS 1186.
u) Directional signage is only necessary if the structural hydrants are in an obscured position
(e.g. around a corner). Otherwise the symbolic signage and the red colour of the
structural signage shall serve as adequate indication of its position. This requirement
does not pertain to area hydrants.
v) Where fire hoseboxes are locked, keys must be provided in a break glass panel at the
affected hosebox.
w) ‘As built’ drawings, capacities, full instructions and a maintenance schedule must be
provided by the designer / installer in respect of every hydrant system. The owner must
determine at least once a year that these are available for every system on his site and
that they are current (i.e. include any changes made to the system). In respect of existing
systems, where such drawings, instructions and maintenance schedules are not
available, the owner must engage a suitable service provider to inspect the system(s) and
compile the missing documentation.
5.3 Fire Fighting Water Supply and Fire Pumps

5.3.1 Requirements
a) The capacity of the water supply reservoir, dam or tank which must be always readily
available via the fire water mains which supply inter alia the 65 mm hydrant points and the
25mm fire hosereels, shall be adequate to sustain fire fighting from 3 hydrants operating
simultaneously for 120 minutes, i.e. 3 x 1200 litres per minute x 120 minutes which
equates to a minimum reservoir capacity of 432 kl, dedicated to fire.
b) To ensure that this supply is dedicated to fire, a separate reservoir should be provided for
the storage of fire fighting water. Alternatively, a process water reservoir may be shared,
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but the take-off for the fire system must be positioned sufficiently lower in the reservoir to
ensure that even when the process water supply runs ‘dry’, there is at least 432kl of water
left in the reservoir, available through the fire mains. Points from which process / service
water is drawn, must be supplied from separate and independent, and via a separate
service water main which is not interconnected with the fire main.
c) The standard governing fire water supply is SABS 0287 which deals inter alia with fire
pump requirements.
d) Ideally, water for fire fighting purposes will be gravity fed which will remove all need for
fire pumps, and all risk of a lack of fire fighting water as a result of power or pump failure.
However, if this is not possible, then fire pumps must be provided. Most importantly, the
fire pumps should comply with the following requirements:
 An electrically driven jockey pump must be provided to maintain pressure in the fire
mains under normal conditions when there is no drain on the system.
 This should turn on automatically in response to any pressure drop in the system,
and should turn off once the required pressure has been attained. A timing factor
should also be built into the PLC of this unit to ensure that it does not switch on
and off repeatedly at short intervals.
 An electrically driven main fire pump must be provided to maintain pressure in the
fire mains under demand conditions such as will occur when there is a drain on the
system during fire fighting.
 This pump should turn on automatically in response to any pressure drop in the
system with which the jockey pump cannot cope. This pump needs to be able to
supply 75% of the stated maximum demand of 3600 l/min at 300kPa static
pressure, sustainable for 120 minutes. Also refer to section referring to Fire
Hydrants and Related Equipment.
 A diesel driven standby main fire pump must be provided to maintain pressure in
the fire mains under demand conditions if:
 The electrically driven jockey pump conjoined with the electrically driven main fire
pump cannot cope with the demand, and / or…
 There is a power failure, so that the electrically driven jockey pump and main fire
pump cannot run.
 This pump should turn on automatically in response to any pressure drop in the
system with which the jockey pump and the electrically driven main fire pump
cannot cope. This pump needs to be able to supply 75% of the stated maximum
demand of 3600 l/min at 300kPa static pressure, sustainable for 120 minutes.
e) Note (1) that it is acceptable to forego the requirement to provide a main electrically
driven fire pump as contemplated in the second bullet point above, on condition that:
 The capacity of the installed diesel driven fire pump is at least 120% of the stated
maximum demand of 3600 l/min at 300 kPa static pressure, sustainable for 120
minutes, and
 Life-safety does not depend upon the fire fighting water supply.
f) Note (2) that it is acceptable to forego the requirement to provide a diesel driven standby
main fire pump as contemplated in the second bullet point above, on condition that.
 The capacity of the installed electrically driven fire pump is at least 120% of the stated
maximum demand of 3600 l/min at 300 kPa static pressure, sustainable for 120
minutes, and
 Life-safety does not depend upon the fire fighting water supply.
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 Adequate emergency diesel powered generating capacity is installed at the plant to

allow for the running of such pump in addition to all the other functions for which such
emergency supply is required.
g) As built’ drawings, capacities, full instructions and a maintenance schedule must be
provided by the designer / installer in respect of every fire water supply system. The
owner must determine at least once a year that these are available for every system on
his site and that they are current (i.e. include any changes made to the system). In
respect of existing systems, where such drawings, instructions and maintenance
schedules are not available, the owner must engage a suitable service provider to inspect
the system(s) and compile the missing documentation.
5.3.2 Relevant Standards, Codes of Practice and References
a) NFPA 14 - Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems (Part WW
b) NFPA 20 - Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection
c) SABS 0287 - Automatic sprinkler installations for fire-fighting purposes
d) ASIB (compliance is mandatory only where the pumps supply sprinkler systems, upon
which life safety depends)
5.4 25 mm Fire Hosereels

5.4.1 Requirements
a) In all buildings, including inter alia warehouses, plant structures, workshops and offices
complexes, 25 mm hosereels must be installed at the rate of 1 per 500 m² of building floor
area.
b) Each 25 mm fire hosereel must be fed via a steel take-off line of minimum diameter 32
mm.
c) These 32 mm take-off lines should be fed off a steel fire water main of minimum diameter
100 mm.
d) The water supply to the 25 mm fire hosereels shall be sourced from the main ring fed
water main. Also see Fire Fighting Water Supply and Fire Pumps section.
e) Fire hose reels should be supplied at a water pressure of no less than 300 kPa static
pressure.
f) Each fire hosereel must be able to deliver a flow of no less than 0.5 litres per second (30
litres per minute).
g) Where a conveyor path is protected by 25 mm fire hosereels, these must be positioned no
further than 30 metres apart.
h) All fire hosereels in service must be inspected monthly by a member of staff appointed in
writing for that purpose. Such person shall be suitably trained, and shall log results of his
inspections in a book to be kept for that purpose. As befits critical emergency equipment,
all faults noted are to be rectified as soon as practicable.
i) All fire hosereels must be inspected annually by an accredited external service provider,
who, on completion of their inspections, shall provide a detailed report per hosereel,
indicating any faults which may have been found. As befits critical emergency equipment,
all such faults shall be rectified, or the equipment replaced as soon as practicable.
j) No process water point may be fed off the fire water main. This includes all supply lines
leading to 25 mm fire hosereels.
k) Hosereels and fire fighting water shall not be used for any purpose other than fire fighting.
l) The hosereels and above ground supply lines should be colour-coded red.
m) All supply lines, from the source to the hosereel must be of steel, unless they are buried
underground, in which case Class 6 HDPE is acceptable.
n) An area of 1.2 metres x 1.2 metres must be demarcated on the floor at all positions in
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which 25 mm fire hosereels are mounted. This area must be kept free of obstructions at
all times, to ensure easy access to the fire hosereels in an emergency.
o) The relevant symbolic signage indicating the position of each 25 mm fire hosereel shall be
& SABS 1186.
p) Directional signage is only necessary if the 25 mm fire hosereel is in an obscured position
(e.g. around a corner). Otherwise the symbolic signage and the red colour of the 25 mm
fire hosereel shall serve as adequate indication of its position.
q) The minimum acceptable length of hose on a 25 mm fire hosereel is 30 metres.
r) ‘As built’ drawings, capacities, full instructions and a maintenance schedule must be
provided by the designer / installer in respect of every fire hosereel system. The owner
must determine at least once a year that these are available for every system on his site
and that they are current (i.e. include any changes made to the system). In respect of
existing systems, where such drawings, instructions and maintenance schedules are not
available, the owner must engage a suitable service provider to inspect the system(s) and
compile the missing documentation.
5.5 Foam Trolleys

5.5.1 Application
a) At hydraulic power packs, lubrication packs, areas where flammable liquids are involved,
and in other areas where the application of foam offers an effective means of
suppression, but where the size of the risk does not justify a fixed system, a foam trolley
can offer a solution.
b) At such locations, the provision of such trolley would be deemed to satisfy the need for
advanced primary fire protection, and may justify the omission of a high velocity deluge
system, or a fixed foam system.
c) In multilevel structures, the Viking hoses provided will make it possible to use the foam
trolley to fight fires on the levels immediately above and below, without the necessity of
moving the trolley to those levels.
5.5.2 Requirements
Foam trolleys should meet the following requirements:
a) The unit should be fitted with solid rubber wheels of minimum diameter 400 mm.
b) The tank should be chemically resistant to the foam.
c) The chassis should be corrosion protected and suitable for outdoor use and storage.
d) The minimum tank capacity should be 120 litres.
e) The trolley should be filled with AFFF or equivalent foam.
f) The foam trolley should be fitted with a variable foam inductor capable of 225
litres/minute, with an induction rate of 3%.
g) The trolley should be equipped with at least 2 x 15 metre long, 65 mm diameter, Viking (or
equivalent) fire hoses complete with installation connectors.
h) The trolley must be provided with a foam branch pipe capable of delivering 225
litres/minute.
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company.
5.6 Various Types of Fire Engines and their Application

5.6.1 Consideration
One of the primary reasons why fire engines are often found to be inadequate when required
for service is that they are incorrectly chosen in relation to their intended purpose. There are
many classes of fire engine, but for the purposes of these standards, three classes of fire
engine are considered. These are:
5.6.1.1 Initial attack fire appliances

As the name implies, initial attack fire appliances are meant to provide a first response to the
outbreak of fire in an area. They would be suitable for the early stages of a fire in a single
storey structure, for bush fires, and for an initial response to an earthmoving vehicle fire.
However, they are unsuitable for well-developed fires in any structure, and certainly for fires in
multi-level structures. They are also not suitable for sustained fire fighting operations where a
supplementary source of water is unavailable, for example, in an opencast pit. Initial attack fire
appliances have limited pumping capacity, and are therefore also not suitable for use where it
is necessary to boost the water pressure and flow from another source. This is the function of
a pumper appliance (see below). Refer to section that provides details of the requirements
pertaining to initial attack fire appliances.
5.6.1.2 Pumper Fire Appliances

Pumper appliances are suitable for response to well-established fires where high water
volumes, possibly in elevated locations, are required. However, the on-board supply of water
is fairly limited on a pumper appliance and it is therefore unsuitable to operate in areas where
an additional water supply is unavailable, for example, in an opencast pit. Refer to section of
Pumper Fire Appliances for the requirements pertaining to pumper appliances.
5.6.1.3 Mobile Water-Supply Fire Appliances

Mobile water supply fire appliances are designed to be operated in areas where an external
supply of water is unavailable, for example, in an opencast pit. Note however, that by
definition, a mobile water-supply fire appliance is not specifically required to have any pumping
capacity. It is therefore unsuitable to operate alone. It would typically be used in conjunction
with a pumper appliance. Refer to relevant section of this standard for requirements pertaining
to mobile water-supply fire appliances.
A water bowser, as used in opencast operations for watering roads, etc., is suitable to be
equipped as a mobile water-supply fire appliance. Note however, that where a pumper
appliance is not available on site, or where it would foreseeably take a long time to reach an
area in which the water bowser is operating, consideration should be given to equipping the
water bowser as a hybrid mobile water supply fire appliance cum pumper appliance. In this
regard, consider the requirements stated in Pumper Fire Appliances and Mobile Water-Supply
Fire Appliances sections of this standard. At hydraulic power packs, lubrication packs, areas
where flammable liquids are involved, and in other areas where the application of foam offers
an effective means of suppression, but where the size of the risk does not justify a fixed
system, a foam trolley can offer a solution.
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5.7 Initial Attack Fire Appliances

5.7.1 Requirements
5.7.1.1 Fire Pump

The appliance shall be equipped with a fire pump with a minimum rated capacity of 950
litres/min. (In accordance with NFPA 1901 Chapter 14 - Fire Pump and Associated
Equipment).
5.7.1.2 Water Tank

Initial attack appliances shall be equipped with a water tank that has a minimum certified
capacity of 757 litres.
5.7.1.3 Equipment Storage

A minimum of 0.62 m³ of enclosed weather-resistant compartmentation shall be provided for
the storage of equipment.
5.7.1.4 Hose Storage

Hose bed area(s), compartments, or reels shall be provided to accommodate the following.
These areas need not be contiguous.
a) A minimum hose storage area of 0.283 m³ for 65 mm or larger fire hose
b) Two areas, each a minimum of 0.1 m³, to accommodate 38-mm or larger pre-connected
fire hose lines
5.7.1.5 Other Main Equipment

The following equipment is required. Such brackets or compartments as are necessary to
mount the equipment shall be provided.
a) Ground Ladders
 All ground ladders carried on the appliance shall meet the requirements of NFPA
1931.
 A 3.7 metre or longer extension-type ground ladder shall be carried on the appliance.
b) Suction Hose.
 A minimum of 6 m of hard suction hose shall be carried. Suction hose shall meet the
requirements of NFPA 1961. Where a hard suction hose is provided, a suction strainer
shall be furnished.
5.7.1.6 Minor Equipment

Brackets or compartments shall be furnished so as to organise and protect the equipment.
a) Fire Hose and Nozzles

The following fire hose and nozzles shall be carried on the appliance:
 91 m of 65 mm or larger fire hose
 122 m of 38 mm, 44 mm fire hose
 Two combination spray nozzles, 360 l/min minimum
b) Miscellaneous Equipment.
The following additional equipment shall be carried on the appliance:
 One 2.7 kg pick-head axe mounted in a bracket fastened to the appliance.
 One 2 m pike pole or plaster hook mounted in a bracket fastened to the appliance.
 Two portable hand lights mounted in brackets fastened to the appliance.
Page 13 of 57
company.
 Two 9 kg dry chemical portable fire extinguisher mounted in a bracket fastened to the
appliance.
 One gated swivel intake connection with pump intake threads on one end and one or
more female connections compatible with the supply hose carried on the other.
 One SCBA complying with NFPA 1981 for each assigned seating position, but not
less than two, mounted in brackets fastened to the appliance or stored in containers
supplied by the SCBA manufacturer.
 One spare SCBA cylinder for each SCBA carried, each mounted in a bracket fastened
to the appliance or stored in a specially designed storage space(s).
 One first aid kit.
 Two combination spanner wrenches mounted in a bracket(s) fastened to the
appliance.
 One hydrant wrench mounted in a bracket fastened to the appliance.
 One double female adapter, sized to fit 65 mm or larger fire hose, mounted in a
bracket fastened to the appliance.
 One double male adapter, sized to fit 65 mm or larger fire hose, mounted in a bracket
fastened to the appliance.
 One rubber mallet, for use on suction hose connections, mounted in a bracket
 Two wheel chocks, mounted in readily accessible locations, that meet or exceed the
requirements of SAE J348, Standard for Wheel Chocks, for the wheel diameter on
which the chocks are to be used.
 One crowbar [1 m minimum] with brackets.
 One pair insulated bolt cutters with 11 mm minimum cut.
 One Halligan-type tool with brackets.
 One 65 mm hydrant valve (screw-type gate).
 Two shovels (one pointed and one scoop).
 Two hose straps.
 One 38 m length of utility rope having a breaking strength of at least 2268 kg.
 Toolbox with hammers, wrenches, screwdrivers, and other assorted tools.
 Foam delivery equipment compatible with onboard foam system.
 One hose clamp.
5.8 Emergency and Standby Generator Installations on Surface
It is important to protect emergency and standby generators from any event which could
foreseeably interrupt normal power supply, since they are intended to provide back-up in exactly
those circumstances. Therefore, generator installations must be spatially or structurally well
separated from all other facilities, and must have automatic protection against fire originating in
the generator room.
5.8.1 Requirements
Standby and emergency generator installations on surface should comply with any relevant
Anglo American specifications. Notwithstanding anything contained therein, the following are
the minimum requirements necessary to ensure adequate fire protection in relation to such
generator installations.
a) Ideally, standby and emergency generator installations will be housed separately in a

dedicated structure which is spatially well separated from all other buildings. In such case,
Page 14 of 57
company.
few structural measures are required to provide preparation of the facility. One
requirement is that a 2 metre firebreak must be provided on all electrical cables entering
or leaving the generator room. See Fire Protection Standard for Electrical Equipment and
Installations regarding the requirements for intumescent coating of electrical cables.
b) Where emergency and standby generators are to be located in part of a larger structure
which they are to share with other facilities, structural separation of the generators from all
other facilities in the structure is required. The following measures are necessary to
achieve this separation:
 All interior, interleading walls of the generator room must be 2-hour fire rated perfect
party walls. See Fire Protection Standard for Electrical Equipment and Installations
regarding the requirements for perfect party walls.
 To ensure adequate ventilation of the generator room, and to allow heat from the
generator to be dissipated, provide an extraction fan or fans of adequate capacity to
ensure sufficient air changes to achieve the heat dissipation. These may only be
mounted in an exterior wall. Ventilation louvres or ducts of corresponding size must
also be provided in the exterior wall of the generator room.
 If the structure has multiple levels, then the roof of the generator room must be of
reinforced concrete.
 The generator room door must have a fire resistance rating of at least 2 hours, and
must be self-closing.
 The generator room floor, roof, and interior, interleading walls should not be breached.
If an aperture exists, then it must be fire stopped in accordance with the requirements
described in Fire Protection Standard for Electrical Equipment and Installations.
 Any electrical or instrumentation cables passing through a fire stopped cable
penetration aperture shall be intumescent coated for minimum distance of 1 metre on
either side of such fire stopping, using suitable intumescent coating or cables must
pass through a ‘sand box’ located at the wall. Such intumescent coating shall be
applied to the entire circumference of each cable to such thickness as is stipulated by
the manufacturer of the particular intumescent product chosen, as being adequate to
provide an SABS rated fire resistance of at least 2 hours. See Standard Fire
Protection Standard for Electrical Equipment and Installations regarding intumescent
coating.
c) Provide a minimum of 2 x 9 kg hand-held DCP fire extinguishers at the generator room,

one outside the main entrance door and one inside the main entrance door. These should
be mounted at a height of 1.2 metres above floor or ground elevation and should be
suitably demarcated with the appropriate symbolic signage. See Standard Fire Protection
Standard for Fire Fighting Equipment for a full description of the requirements pertaining
to hand-held fire extinguishers.
d) No additional materials or equipment may be stored inside a generator facility. In
particular, additional flammables and combustibles are not permitted.
e) Legal requirements are defined in hazardous locations and electrical regulations.
5.9 Mobile Water-Supply Fire Appliances
Where plant and/or equipment is located or is required to operate in remote areas where 65 mm
fire hydrants are not available, and where the provision of such 65 mm hydrants is
impracticable, there must be ready access instead, to a mobile water supply fire appliance.
Common examples are opencast pits and overland conveyors. Thus all operations having
opencast pits, unprotected overland conveyors, and similar remote plant and equipment, must
provide one or more mobile water supply fire appliances on site.
Page 15 of 57
company.
5.9.1 Requirements
5.9.1.1 Pump
If the appliance is equipped with either a fire pump, transfer pump, or both, the pump(s) shall
meet the requirements of NFPA 1901 Chapter 14 or Chapter 16 respectively.
5.9.1.2 Water Tank

The mobile water supply appliance shall be equipped with a water tank(s) that meets the
requirements of NFPA 1901 Chapter 17 and that has a minimum certified capacity (combined,
if applicable) of 3800 litres.

A minimum of 0.57 m³ of enclosed weather-resistant compartmentation meeting the
requirements of NFPA 1901 Chapter 13 shall be provided for the storage of equipment.

a) A minimum of 0.57 m³ of enclosed weather-resistant compartmentation meeting the
requirements of NFPA 1901 Chapter 13 shall be provided for the storage of equipment.
b) If the appliance is equipped with a fire pump, two areas, each a minimum of 0.1 m³, to
accommodate 38 mm or larger pre-connected fire hose lines shall be provided.
5.9.1.5 Suction Hose

If the appliance is equipped with a pump, a minimum of 6 m of hard suction hose shall be
carried. Suction hose shall meet the requirements of NFPA 1961. Where hard suction hose is
provided, a suction strainer shall be furnished.
5.9.1.6 Minor Equipment

Brackets or compartments shall be furnished so as to organise and protect the equipment.

 The mobile water supply appliance shall be equipped with at least 61 m of 65 mm or
larger fire hose.
 If the mobile water supply appliance is equipped with a fire pump, the following shall
be provided:
 61 m of 38 mm fire hose
b) Miscellaneous Equipment.
 Mobile water supply fire appliance shall be equipped with at least the following
equipment:
 One 2.7 kg flathead or pick head axe mounted in a bracket fastened to the
appliance
 One 2 m or longer pike pole or plaster hook mounted in a bracket fastened to the
appliance
 Two portable hand lights mounted in brackets fastened to the appliance
 Two approved 9 kg dry chemical portable fire extinguishers mounted in a bracket
fastened to the appliance
 One SCBA complying with NFPA 1981 but not less than two, mounted in brackets
fastened to the appliance or stored in containers supplied by the SCBA
manufacturer
 One spare SCBA cylinder for each SCBA carried, each mounted in a bracket
fastened to the appliance or stored in a specially designed storage space(s)
Page 16 of 57
company.
 One first aid kit

 Two combination spanner wrenches mounted in a bracket fastened to the
appliance
 One hydrant wrench mounted in a bracket fastened to the appliance
 One double female adapter, sized to fit 65 mm or larger fire hose, mounted in a
bracket fastened to the appliance
 One double male adapter, sized to fit 65 mm or larger fire hose, mounted in a
bracket fastened to the appliance
 Two wheel chocks, mounted in readily accessible locations, that meet or exceed
the requirements of SAE J348, Standard for Wheel Chocks, for the wheel diameter
on which the chocks are to be used.
 If the mobile water supply appliance is equipped with a pump, the following equipment
shall additionally be carried on the appliance:
 One gated swivel intake connection with pump intake threads on one end and one
or more female connections compatible with the supply hose carried on the other
end
 One rubber mallet, for use on suction hose connections, mounted in a bracket
fastened to the appliance
5.9.1.7 Water Bowser in lieu of a Mobile Water Supply Fire Appliance

Where the provision of mobile water supply fire appliance is a requirement (see above), a
water bowser may be deemed to satisfy this requirement, provided that it is suitably equipped.
A water bowser would be deemed to be suitably equipped if equipped as follows:
a) At least 2 x 65 mm hydrant take-off points must be provided on the outside of the vehicle,
at a height above ground elevation of no more than 1.5 metres, to make them readily
accessible.
b) Such hydrants must be pressurised by an on-board pump, capable of delivering a flow of
no less than 1,200 litres/minute each at an open-end pressure of at least 500 kPa. Such
measurements shall be taken at the hydrant.
c) A fire equipment receptacle must be kept on the water bowser, containing at least 4 x 65
mm lay flat fire hoses and 2 x 65 mm firefighting nozzles.
d) A monitor / water cannon must be provided at the highest suitable position on the water
bowser. This must be pressurised by the same pump contemplated above.
e) The pipework supplying the water cannon must be so configured as to be easily
switchable between water and foam. This would include a Venturi arrangement allowing
foam concentrate to be put into the water supply during application, to turn the water
cannon into a foam cannon.
f) At least 60 litres (3 x 20 litre containers) of foam concentrate must be kept on the water
bowser, within easy access of the position in which the water/foam cannon is located.
Further supplies must be readily available on site.
g) The Venturi arrangement allowing foam concentrate to be put into the water supply during
application of the monitor must be calibrated annually to ensure that the percentage
concentration of the foam (1%, 5%, 8% etc) is as required, having cognisance of the
concentrate type in use. Consult the manufacturer’s instructions in this regard.
h) Where a water bowser is so equipped as to double as the “water supply fire appliance” for
an area, in addition to its usual roles at the operation, gravity fed high speed refilling
arrangements must be provided with a 5 minute drive (one-way) of all areas in which the
water bowser operates. This should allow for a refilling rate of no less than 10 000 litres /
minute.
i) Neither the hydrants nor the monitor may be used for any purpose except for fire fighting,
and must be kept readily available for that purpose at all times.
Page 17 of 57
company.
5.9.1.8 Maintenance
a) Water bowsers doubling as “water supply mobile fire appliances” must be inspected and
maintained according to the following schedule:
 Weekly equipment check by supervisor.
 Monthly equipment check and discharge test with fire drill by supervisor, involving
operating staff. This should alternate between hydrant 1, hydrant 2, monitor using
foam and monitor using water.
 Quarterly engineering maintenance on pump, including greasing of hydrants.
5.9.1.9 Operators
All water bowser operators are to be trained as fire team members, and must be able to
operate both water and foam equipment on the bowser.
5.10 Pumper Fire Appliances

5.10.1 Requirements
5.10.1.1 Fire Pump

The appliance shall be equipped with a fire pump that has a minimum rated capacity of 2850
litres/min. (In accordance with NFPA 1901 Chapter 14 – Fire and Associated Equipment).
5.10.1.2 Water Tank

The pumper shall be equipped with a water tank(s) that has a minimum certified capacity
(combined, if applicable) of 1136 litres.

A minimum of 1.13 m³ of enclosed weather-resistant compartments shall be provided for the
storage of equipment.

Hose bed area(s), compartments, or reels that shall be provided to accommodate the
following. These areas need not be contiguous.
a) A minimum hose storage area of 0.85 m³ for 65 mm or larger fire hose
b) Two areas, each a minimum of 0.1 m³, to accommodate 38 mm or larger pre-connected
fire hose lines.
5.10.1.5 Other Main Equipment

The following equipment is required. Such brackets or compartments as are necessary to
mount the equipment shall be provided.
a) Ground Ladders
 All ground ladders carried on the appliance shall meet the requirements of NFPA
1931.
 At a minimum, the following ladders shall be carried on the appliance:
 One straight ladder equipped with roof hooks
 One extension ladder.
b) Suction Hose
 A minimum of 6 m of hard suction hose shall be carried. Suction hose shall meet the
requirements of NFPA 1961. Where a hard suction hose is provided, a suction strainer
shall be furnished.
Page 18 of 57
company.
a) Minor Equipment
Brackets or compartments shall be furnished so as to organize and protect the equipment.

The following fire hose and nozzles shall be carried on the appliance:
b) Miscellaneous Equipment
The following additional equipment shall be carried on the appliance:
 One 2.7 kg flathead axe mounted in a bracket fastened to the appliance.
 One 2.7 kg pick head axe mounted in a bracket fastened to the appliance.
 One 2 m pike pole or plaster hook mounted in a bracket fastened to the appliance.
 One 2.4 m or longer pike pole mounted in a bracket fastened to the appliance.
 Two portable hand lights mounted in brackets fastened to the appliance.
 Two approved 9 kg dry chemical portable fire extinguishers mounted in a bracket
 One gated swivel intake connection with pump intake threads on one end and one or
more female connections compatible with the supply hose carried on the other.
 One self-contained breathing appliance (SCBA) complying with NFPA 1981 for each
assigned seating position, but not less than four, mounted in brackets fastened to the
appliance or stored in containers supplied by the SCBA manufacturer.
 One spare SCBA cylinder for each SCBA carried, each mounted in a bracket fastened
to the appliance or stored in a specially designed storage space.
 One first aid kit.
 Four combination spanner wrenches mounted in brackets fastened to the appliance.
 Two hydrant wrenches mounted in brackets fastened to the appliance.
 Two double female adapters, sized to fit 65 mm fire hose, mounted in brackets
 Two double male adapters, sized to fit 65 mm fire hose, mounted in brackets fastened
to the appliance.
 One rubber mallet, suitable for use on suction hose connections, mounted in a bracket
 Two salvage covers, each a minimum size of 3.7 m x 4.3 m.
 Two wheel chocks, mounted in readily accessible locations, that meet or exceed the
requirements of SAE J348, Standard for Wheel Chocks, for the wheel diameter on
which the chocks are to be used.
 One fire service claw tool.
 One crowbar (1 m minimum) with brackets.
 One pair of insulated bolt cutters with 11 mm minimum cut.
 One Halligan-type tool with brackets.
 One 65 mm hydrant valve (screw-type gate).
 One double-gated reducing leader sized to fit hose used in department.
 Two shovels (one pointed and one scoop).
 Four hose straps.
 One 38m length of utility rope of breaking strength of at least 2,268 kg.
 One 3000 W (minimum) portable generator.
 Two 500 W portable lights.
Page 19 of 57
company.
 Two cord reels with minimum 61 m cord on each with connectors that are compatible
with lights, generator, and smoke ejector.
 Toolbox with hammers, wrenches, screwdrivers, and other assorted tools.
 Master stream appliance, 3785 l/min minimum.
 Foam delivery equipment compatible with onboard foam system.
 One hose clamp.
5.11 Fire and Fire Equipment Training

5.11.1 Requirements
a) Surface fire team members must form the core of the fire response effort on site. As such,
they must be adequately trained and equipped to deal with the following fire-related
situations:
 Fires where the use of breathing apparatus is necessary. To this end, each team
member must be trained in the use of breathing apparatus.
 Fires where the manual application of fire suppressant foam by means of hoses and
foam generators is necessary. Typically, this would include flammable liquid fires,
such as at bulk diesel storage facilities or transformers.
 Fires in elevated structures. This would include tall plant buildings, and elevated
conveyor belt paths.
 Fires in confined spaces. This could also include elevated, enclosed conveyor belt
paths, draglines, and some areas in the plant.
 Electrical fires, for example, at substations or transformers.
b) Volunteer fire team members may not need to be trained to the same level of proficiency
as professional fire team members. Cognisance must be taken of the likely response
times of the available professional teams in the area, allowing for a worst case situation in
which there is already one significant emergency in the area served by the professional
team(s) when this new emergency is declared. Where external professional response is
available within 60 minutes, the onsite team(s) may be regarded as ‘first responders’. First
responders must be adequately trained, in the opinion of a professional fire training body
such as the FPASA, to conduct and lead initial fire fighting efforts on site until the arrival
of professional fire teams from e.g. local municipalities. Where response will take longer
than 60 minutes, they need to be trained to the same standard as professional fire team
members.
c) An adequate number of volunteer fire team members should be trained to ensure that at
any time, day or night, there are at least 8 members at work on site. A further 8 members
should be available on call, able to be on site and ready for fire fighting within 30 minutes.
Where this is not practicable, there should be at least 16 members at work on site at any
time, day or night.
d) With regard to equipment, at least the following must be provided:
 Personal protective equipment for at least 16 (2 teams of 8 members each) surface
fire fighters. PPE would include a fire fighter’s helmet complete with visor, a fireman’s
jacket, a fire retardant overall, boots and gloves.
 Breathing apparatus (SCBA) should be provided for at least 8 fire team members and
preferably 16 fire team members.
 Means should be available on site for re-charging cylinders for the SCBA sets
described above.
 Adequate supplies of large bore hoses and nozzles should be kept available at a
central position, ready for deployment as required.
Page 20 of 57
company.
 An adequate supply of foam concentrate as well as foam generators and applicators,

suitable for coupling to large bore fire hoses, should be made available on site for use
on flammable liquid fires (e.g. transformers and lubrication packs). Any fire tender on
site should be equipped to generate and apply foam by means of a roof mounted
water monitor (cannon).
e) Irrespective of the availability of the abovementioned surface fire team, all employees on
site must also be proficient to some degree in the use of the fire fighting equipment
provided on site. Expected minimum proficiency levels of the general workforce are as
follows:
 At least 75% of the workforce must be adequately trained in the use of primary fire
fighting equipment, which includes 25 mm fire hosereels and hand-held fire
extinguishers. Such persons must be able to use this equipment appropriately, and
must have knowledge of how to raise a fire alarm and initiate the evacuation of
persons from the affected area. Their training must also include knowledge of different
types of fire and appropriate response to each type.
 At least 25% of the workforce, and this may include the volunteer fire team discussed
above, must be proficient in the use of both primary fire fighting measures (as
described above) and secondary fire fighting measures (65 mm hydrants and hoses)
as provided on site. These persons do not require the specialist skills required of the
volunteer fire team members (see above), but should be proficient in the use of all
primary and secondary fire fighting measures on site, so that they can assist volunteer
and professional fire team members under their direction.
5.12 Installation and Maintenance of Hand Held Portable Fire Extinguishers

5.12.1 General
This standard must be read in addition to the section on hand held fire extiunguishers.
5.12.1.1 Distribution
a) The number (density) and distribution of fire extinguishers is dependent on various
practical considerations, but always the nature of the risk to be protected (called the
‘occupancy’), and the floor area.
b) The provision of portable fire extinguishers is regulated by:
 SABS 0400 (The application of the National Building Regulations) and
 SABS 0105 (Classification, use & control of fire-fighting equipment)
The following are examples for some of the more common occupancy types.
Table 1 - Examples of Quantities, Rating & Distribution of Portable Fire Extinguishers in various
occupancy classes
Number of CO2 DCP

portable fire
Classification of
extinguishers Water 9l Foam 9l 4.5 9 4.5 9
Occupancies
relative to floor kg kg kg kg
area
High Risk Commercial
High/Moderate Risk Industrial 1/100 m² X X X
High Risk Storage
Place of instruction Shops X X
X X X X
Wholesale 1/200 m²
Page 21 of 57
company.
Number of CO2 DCP

portable fire
Classification of
extinguishers Water 9l Foam 9l 4.5 9 4.5 9
Occupancies
relative to floor kg kg kg kg
area
Moderate Risk Commercial
Low Risk Industrial Offices X X
Outdoor sport
Low Risk Commercial Parking 1/400 ² X
X X X
Garage
In AATC, the ‘Wholesaler’ classification would apply to Mine Stores and Mine Offices, and
‘High Risk Commercial would apply to all plant areas, for example.
5.12.1.2 Siting
a) Extinguishers should be correctly sited to expedite their use during an emergency.
Whenever inspecting extinguishers, their location should always be re-evaluated to
ensure that each location is appropriate and offers the greatest coverage and ease of use
possible, given the conditions and arrangement of the area in which each extinguisher is
deployed. The points below are guidelines only, and it may be necessary to deviate from
them in certain situations:
 Extinguishers should not normally be more than 46 m apart.
 To ensure ready access, distribute units evenly over the entire floor area.
 Extinguishers should be conspicuously sited in main escape ways and near exits.
 To obviate the likelihood of an extinguisher creating an obstruction, it should be
positioned in a well-marked recess in a wall.
 Extinguishers should be mounted on brackets fitted to walls or columns with their
carrying handles 1.2 m, and never more than 1.5 m, above floor level. Extinguishers
must never be left standing on the floor where they may be obscured or knocked over.
However, if the situation warrants a small shelf for the extinguisher then the base of
the unit should not be less than 0.75 m from the floor.
 Extinguishers must be easily accessible and conspicuously marked. Mounting
extinguishers against a background of alternating red and white diagonal stripes will
considerably improve their visibility from a distance. SABS Standard 1186 gives
guidance on suitable Symbolic Safety Signs.
 Extinguishers located outdoors should be in cabinets with their operating instructions
facing outwards. The appliances should be positioned so they may easily be removed.
 Fire extinguishers should preferably be located as part of “fire equipment points”
comprising hosereels, fire alarm activation points etc, so that anyone sounding an
alarm also has immediate access to other fire equipment.
 Special risk areas such as flammable liquid magazines, dip tanks, transformer rooms,
spray booths etc. should have extinguishers near at hand but not too close to the risk
where they could become involved in the fire themselves, or be impossible to reach.
Position units in cases such as this, more than 15 m from the risk, but not more than
25 m away, or around a corner.
 Fire extinguishers should not be located within confined spaces.
 Low temperatures are liable to affect the operation of most extinguishers and for this
reason they should not be sited in areas where the temperature is likely to drop below
4°C. If water extinguishers are exposed to severe weather conditions then suitable
antifreeze should be considered (consult the manufacturers).
Page 22 of 57
company.
b) The high-level red and white diagonal stripes with the symbolic sign below should be
easily seen from a distance. Demarcated lines on the floor indicate that nothing may be
placed on the floor below the extinguisher.
c) High temperatures could lead to the rupturing of stored pressure type, vaporising liquid
and carbon dioxide extinguishers. The foam compound in foam extinguishers could
deteriorate in hot areas and if temperatures are likely to exceed 43°C it is advisable to
consult the extinguisher suppliers or manufacturers.
d) Corrosive atmospheres could reduce the life expectancy of the extinguisher body and it is
therefore important that inspections are carried out at most frequent intervals than is
normally recommended.
e) Vibration also constitutes a siting problem in that dry chemical powder may become
compacted in areas such as hammer mills, and when mounted on vehicles. Under such
conditions it is essential that the extinguisher is securely bracketed and frequently
inspected.
5.12.1.3 Maintenance
a) It is important that extinguishers be maintained in accordance with SABS 1475. Service
intervals are as reflected in Table 2 below.
Table 2 – Fire Extinguisher Service Intervals
Minor Major Pressure Test

Cartridge or
Extinguisher Container Service Service Container
Stored-Pressure
Type Material Every … Every … Every …
Type
Years Years Years
Mild steel Cartridge NA 1 3
Water Mild steel Cartridge NA 1 5
Stainless steel Stored pressure 1 5 5
1 1
Mild steel Cartridge NA
Foam Mild steel Stored pressure NA 1 5
CO2 - Stored pressure 1 5 5
Mild steel Stored pressure 1 5 5
Dry Mild steel Cartridge NA 1 3

chemical
powder Aluminium Stored pressure 1 5 5
Page 23 of 57
company.
b) More frequent maintenance is required for extinguishers that are mounted on vehicles or
that are subject to vibration, because the powder is more likely to become compacted.
c) Fire extinguishers may only be filled, recharged, reconditioned, repaired or inspected by
an SABS 1475 mark permit holder.
5.12.2 Detailed Maintenance Procedures
For convenience, the following checklists are organised into two parts. The first, Table 3, is
arranged by mechanical parts (components and containers) common to most fire extinguishers.
The second, Table 4, is arranged by extinguishing material and expelling means and involves a
description of the problems peculiar to each agent. Tanks not equipped with supervised water
level alarms connected to a constantly attended location must be inspected monthly.
5.12.2.1 Record Keeping

a) In addition to the required tag or label, a permanent file record should be kept for each fire
extinguisher. This file record should include the following information, as applicable:
 The maintenance date and the name of person or agency performing the maintenance
 The date when last recharged and the name of person or agency performing the
recharge
 The hydrostatic retest date and the name of person or agency performing the
hydrostatic test
 Description of dents remaining after passing a hydrostatic test
 The date of the 6-year maintenance for stored-pressure dry chemical.
b) Nothing in this Standard must be construed as a restriction on new technologies or

alternative arrangements, provided that the level of protection as herein described is not
lowered and is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.” It is recognised that an
electronic bar coding system is often acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction in lieu
of a tag or label for maintenance recordkeeping. Under special circumstances or when
local requirements are in effect, additional information can be desirable or required.
5.12.2.2 Labels should be printed in black with a white background.
5.12.2.3 "Verification of Service” (Maintenance of Recharging) Collar

a) A number of areas have regulations requiring an internal marking of an extinguisher,
which is used to verify if the extinguisher was depressurised, and if the valve was
removed, and if a complete maintenance was performed.
b) The “Verification of Service” collar design also requires that the valve be removed before
the collar can be attached to the extinguisher. The collar provides the authorities having
jurisdiction with a more convenient visual proof that the extinguisher was disassembled
and that maintenance was performed. This standard does not specifically require a
“Verification of Service” collar when a hydrostatic test is performed on a fire extinguisher
cylinder.
c) All extinguishers are to have the valve removed for hydrotesting and are to be
subsequently recharged before they are returned to service. To be valid, the date on the
“Verification of Service” collar should always be the same or more recent than the date on
the hydrotest label.
Page 24 of 57
company.
Table 3 - Mechanical Parts Maintenance Checklist
Shell Corrective Action

1. Hydrostatic test date or date of manufacture 1. Retest if needed
2. Corrosion 2. Conduct hydrostatic test and refinish or discard
3. Mechanical damage (denting or abrasion) 3. Conduct hydrostatic test and refinish or discard
4. Paint condition 4. Refinish
5. Presence of repairs (welding, soldering,
5. Discard or consult manufacturer
brazing, etc.)
6. Damaged threads (corroded, cross-threaded
or worn)
7. Broken hangar attachment, carrying handle
lug
8. Sealing surface damage (nicks or corrosion) 8. Clean, repair and leak test or discard
Nameplate Corrective Action
1. Illegible wording 1. Clean or replace
2. Inspect shell under plate (see shell check
2. Corrosion or loose plate
points) and re-attach plate
Nozzle or horn Corrective Action
1. Deformed, damaged or cracked 1. Replace
2. Blocked openings 2. Clean
3. Damaged, (corroded, cross-threaded or worn 3. Replace
4. Aged (brittle) 4. Replace
Hose Assembly Corrective Action
1. Damaged (cut, cracked or worn) 1. Replace
2. Damaged couplings or swivel joint (cracked or
2. Replace
corroded)
3. Replace
or worn)
4. Inner tube cut at couplings 4. Repair or replace
5. Electrically non-conductive between couplings
5. Replace
(CO2 hose only)
6. Hose obstruction 6. Remove obstruction or replace
Valve Locking Device Corrective Action
1. Damaged (bent, corroded, or binding) 1. Repair and lubricate, or replace
2. Missing 2. Replace.
Gauge or Pressure- Indicating Device Corrective Action
1. Immovable, jammed or missing pointer
1. Depressurise and replace gauge
(pressure test)
2. Missing, deformed, or broken crystal 2. Depressurise and replace gauge
3. Illegible or faded dial 3. Depressurise and replace gauge
4. Depressurise and check calibration, clean and
4. Corrosion
refinished, or replace gauge
5. Depressurise and check calibration, or replace
5. Dented case or crystal retainer
gauge
6. Immovable or corroded pressure-indicating 6. Replace head assembly, depressurise, and
stem (non-gauge type) replace shell or complete extinguisher
Shell or cylinder valve Corrective Action
1. Corroded, damaged or jammed lever, handle, 1. Depressurise, check freedom of movement, and
spring, stem, or fastener joint repair or replace
2. Damaged outlet threads (corroded, cross-
2. Depressurise and replace
threaded or worn)
Nozzle Shut-Off Valve Corrective Action
1. Corroded, damaged, jammed, or binding 1. Repair and lubricate, or replace
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lever, spring, stem, or fastener joint

2. Plugged, deformed or corroded nozzle tip, or
2. Clean or replace
discharge passage
Puncture Mechanism Corrective Action
1. Damaged, jammed, or binding puncture lever,
1. Replace
stem, or fastener joint
2. Dull or damaged cutting or puncture pin 2. Replace
3. Replace
or worn)
Gas Cartridge Corrective Action
1. Corrosion 1. Replace cartridge
2. Damaged seal disk (injured, cut or corroded) 2. Replace cartridge
3. Replace cartridge
or worn)
4. Illegible weight markings 4. Replace cartridge
Gas Cylinders Corrective Action
1. Hydrostatic test date or date of manufacture 1. Retest if needed
2. Corrosion 2. Conduct hydrostatic test and refinish, or discard
3. Paint condition 3. Refinish
4. Presence of repairs (welding, soldering,
brazing, etc.)
or worn)
Wheel Cap or Fill Cap Corrective Action
1. Corroded, cracked, or broken 1. Replace
2. Replace
or worn)
3. Sealing surface damage (nicked, deformed, or
3. Clean, repair and leak test, or replace
corroded)
4. Blocked vent hole or slot 4. Clean
Non-Rechargeable Shell Corrective Action
1. Corrosion 1. Discard shell
2. Damaged seal disk (injured, cut or corroded) 2. Discard shell
3. Discard shell
or worn)
4. Illegible weight markings 4. Discard shell
Carriage and Wheels Corrective Action
1. Corroded, bent or broken carriage 1. Repair or replace
2. Damaged wheel (buckled or broken spoke,
bent rim or axle, loose tyre, low pressure, 2. Clean, repair and lubricate, or replace
jammed bearing)
Carrying Handle Corrective Action
1. Broken handle lug 1. Discard valve or shell, or consult manufacturer
2. Broken handle 2. Replace
3. Corroded, jammed or worn fastener joint 3. Clean or replace
Seals or Tamper Indicator Corrective Action
1. Check under agent and expelling means (Table
1. Broken or missing
A-4-4.2(b) for specific action)
Hand Pump Corrective Action
1. Corroded, jammed or damaged pump 1. Repair and lubricate, or replace.
2. Improper adjustment of packing nut 2. Adjust
Inner Cage, Chamber Stopple, Acid
Corrective Action
Container, or Tube
1. Corroded, damaged, bent, cracked or
1. Replace
distorted
Pressurising Valve Corrective Action
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1. Leaking seals, 1. Depressurise and replace valve or core

Gasket “O” Ring and Seals Corrective Action
1. Damaged (cut, cracked, or worn) 1. Replace and lubricate
2. Missing 2. Replace and lubricate
3. Aged or weathered (compression set, brittle,
3. Replace and lubricate
cracked)
Brackets Corrective Action
1. Corroded, worn or bent 1. Repair and refinish or replace
2. Loose or binding fit 2. Adjust it or replace
3. Worn, loose, corroded, or missing screw or
3. Tighten or replace
bolt
4. Worn bumper webbing, or grommet 4. Replace
Gas Tube and Siphon or Pickup Tube Corrective Action
1. Corroded, dented, cracked or broken 1. Replace
2. Blocked tube or openings in tube 2. Clean or replace
Safety Relief Device Corrective Action
1. Depressurise and replace or consult
1. Corroded or damaged
manufacturer
2. Broken, operated, or plugged 2. Depressurise and replace or repair
Pressure Regulators Corrective Action
1. External condition 1.
a) Damage a) Replace regulator
b) Corrosion b) Clean regulator or replace3
2. Pressure relief (corroded, plugged, dented, 2. Disconnect regulator from pressure source,
leaking, broken, or missing) replace pressure relief
3. Protective bonnet relief hole (tape missing or 3. Check regulator in accordance with
seal wire broken or missing) manufacturer’s regulator test procedures
4. Check regulator in accordance with
4. Adjust screw (lock pin missing)
manufacturer’s regulator test procedures
5.
5. Gauges a) Disconnected regulator from pressure source,
a) Immovable, jammed, or missing pointer replace gauge
b) Missing or broken crystal b) Replace crystal
c) Illegible or faded dial c) Replace gauge
d) Corrosion d) Check calibration, clean and refinish, or replace
e) Dented case or crystal retainer gauge
e) Check calibration or replace gauge
6. Regulator Hose 6.
a) Cut, cracked, abraded, or deformed exterior a) Conduct hydrostatic test or replace hose
b) Corroded or cracked coupling b) Replace hose
c) Corroded, cross-threaded, or worn coupling c) Replace hose
For disposable-type extinguishers, those items indicated with a dagger cannot be inspected and
serviced. If the corrective action requires the depressurisation of the extinguisher, disposable
halogenated agent fire extinguishers shall not be depressurised but returned to the manufacturer or
service agency for proper disposal and reclaiming of the extinguishing agent.
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Table 4 - Agent and Expelling Means Maintenance Checklist
Foam Corrective Action

1. Recharging date due 1. Empty, clean, and recharge
2. Improper fill levels in inner container and shell 2. Empty, clean, and recharge
3. Agent condition (check for sediment) 3. Empty, clean, and recharge
Self-Expelling
Carbon Dioxide Corrective Action
1. Improper weight 1. Recharge to proper weight
2. Leak test and weigh, recharge or replace
2. Broken or missing tamper indicator
indicator
Mechanical Pump
Water and Antifreeze Corrective Action
1. Improper fill level 1. Refill
2. Defective pump 2. Clean, repair, and lubricate, or replace
Dry chemical powder Corrective Action
1. Improper fill level 1. Refill
2. Agent condition (contamination or caking) 2. Discard and replace
3. Missing scoop 3. Replace
Gas Cartridge or Cylinder
Dry Chemical and Dry chemical powder Types Corrective Action
1. Improper weight or charge level 1. Refill to correct weight
2. Agent condition (contamination, caking, or
2. Empty and refill
wrong
3.
a) Replace cartridge
3. For cartridge
b) Replace cartridge
c) Examine seal disc, replace indicators
4.
4. Punctured seal disc a) Replace cylinders
b) Leak test. Replace indicator.
5.
a) Leak test. If normal, leak test and repair
5. Improper weight
indicator. If low, replace cylinder
b) Measure pressure, leak test, replace indicator
7. For gas cylinder with gauge
8. Low pressure
10. For gas cylinder without gauge
11. Low pressure (attach gauge and measure
pressure)
Stored Pressure
Dry Chemical and Dry chemical powder Types Corrective Action
1. Refillable 1.
a) Improper extinguisher weight a) Refill to correct weight
b) Improper gauge pressure b) Re-pressurise and leak test
c) Broken or missing tamper indicator c) Leak test and replace indicator
2.
2. Disposable shell with pressure indicator
a) Replace shell
a) Punctured seal disc
b) Depressurise, replace shell
b) Low pressure
c) Check pressure, check seal disc, replace
c) Broken or missing tamper indicator
indicator
3. Disposable shell without pressure indicator 3.
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a) Punctured seal disc a) Replace shell

b) Low weight b) Depressurise, replace shell
c) Broken or missing tamper indicator c) Check seal disc, replace indicator
4. Non-rechargeable extinguisher with pressure
4.
indicator
a) Depressurise and discard extinguisher
a) Low pressure
b) Leak test, check pressure, replace indicator
b) Broken or missing tamper indicator
Wet Chemical Type Corrective Action
1. Empty and recharge with new solution to correct
1. Improper fill level (by weight or observation)
weight fill line
2. Improper gauge pressure 2. Re-pressurise and leak test
3. Broken or missing tamper indicator 3. Leak test, replace indicator line
Water, Antifreeze and Loaded Stream Corrective Action
1. Improper fill level (by weight or observation) 1. Refill to correct level
2. Agent condition if antifreeze or loaded stream.
Improper charge (check recharge record or 2. Empty and refill
weigh)
3. Improper gauge pressure 3. Re-pressurise and leak test
4. Broken or missing tamper indicator 4. Leak test, replace indicator
AFFF and FFFP Liquid Charge Corrective Action
1. Improper fill level (by weight or observation) 1. Empty and recharge with new solution
2. Agent condition (presence of precipitate or
2. Empty and recharge with new solution
other foreign matter)
3. Improper gauge pressure (broken or missing
3. Re-pressurise and leak test
tamper indicator)
4. Leak test, replace indicator
5.12.3 General Safety Guidelines For Recharging
5.12.3.1 General Safety

a) Make sure all pressure is vented from fire extinguisher before attempting to remove valve
body or fill closure.
WARNING: Do not depend on pressure indicating devices to tell if container is under

pressure because they could malfunction.
b) Use proper recharge materials when refilling a fire extinguisher. Mixing of some
extinguishing agents could cause a chemical reaction resulting in a dangerous pressure
build-up in the container.
c) The weight of agent as specified on the nameplate is critical. Overfilling could render the
fire extinguisher dangerous or ineffective.
d) All sealing components should be cleaned and properly lubricated to prevent leakage
after recharge.
e) Check pressure-indicating device to ascertain that it is reading properly.
f) Most manufacturers recommend the use of dry nitrogen as an expellant gas for stored-
pressure fire extinguishers. Limiting charging pressure regulator setting to (172 kPa)
above service pressure prevents gauge damage and loss of calibration.
WARNING: Never connect the fire extinguisher to be charged directly to the high-
pressure source. Connecting directly to the high-pressure source could cause the
container to rupture, resulting in injury. Never leave a fire extinguisher connected to the
regulator of a high-pressure source for an extended period of time. A defective regulator
could cause the container to rupture due to excess pressure.
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g) Use the manufacturer’s recommended charging adaptor to prevent damage to valve and
its components.
h) When recharging separate expellant source fire extinguishers, make sure filled enclosure
is in place and tightened down. Replace all safety devices prior to installing replacement
cartridges.
i) Use only gas cartridges recommended by the manufacturer. Cartridge features such as
pressure relief, puncturing capabilities, fill density, and thread compatibility are designed
and approved to specific functional requirements.
j) Use proper safety seals, as other types, such as meter seals, could possibly fail to break
at the prescribed requirements.
k) Regulators utilised on wheeled fire extinguishers are factory pinned at the operating
pressure and should not be field adjusted.
l) The temperature of water tanks must not be less than 4°C (40°F).
m) The temperature of water in tanks with low temperature alarms connected to a constantly
attended location must be inspected and recorded weekly during the heating season.
n) The temperature of water in tanks without low temperature alarms connected to a
constantly attended location must be inspected and recorded daily during the heating
season.
o) Some manufacturers require that their fire extinguishers be returned to the factory for
recharging.
p) To determine the gross weight, the entire fire extinguisher should be weighed empty. The
weight of the specified recharge agent should be added to this amount.
5.12.3.2 Leak Test

The leak test required for stored-pressure and self-expelling types should be sufficiently
sensitive to ensure that the fire extinguisher will remain operable for at least 1 year. Any
tamper indicators or seals need to be replaced after recharging.
5.12.3.3 Recharge Agents

a) On properties where fire extinguishers are maintained by the occupant, a supply of
recharging agents should be kept on hand.
b) The intent of this provision is to maintain the efficiency of each fire extinguisher as
produced by the manufacturer and as labelled by one or more of the fire testing
laboratories. For example, the extinguishing agent and the additives used in the various
types of dry chemical fire extinguishers vary in chemical composition and in particle size
and, thus, in flow characteristics. Each fire extinguisher is designed to secure maximum
efficiency with the particular formulation used. Changing the agent from that specified on
the fire extinguisher nameplate could affect flow rates, nozzle discharge characteristics,
and the quantity of available agent (as influenced by density), and would void the label of
the testing laboratory.
c) Certain recharging materials deteriorate with age, exposure to excessive temperature,
and exposure to moisture. Storage of recharge agents for long periods of time should be
avoided.
d) Dry chemical powder used for combustible metal fires (Class D) should not become damp
as the powder will not be free flowing. In addition, when dry chemical powder contains
sufficient moisture, a hazardous reaction could result when applied to a metal fire.
Mixing multipurpose dry chemicals with alkaline based dry chemicals could result in a
chemical reaction capable of developing sufficient pressures to rupture a fire extinguisher.
Substituting a different formulation for the one originally employed could cause malfunctioning
of the fire extinguisher or result in substandard performance.
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5.12.3.4 Removal of Moisture

Moisture within a non-water-type fire extinguisher creates a serious corrosion hazard to the fire
extinguisher shell and also indicates what is probably an inoperative fire extinguisher. Moisture
could possibly enter at the following times:
a) After a hydrostatic test
b) When recharging is being performed
c) When the valve has been removed from the cylinder
d) When using compressed air and a moisture trap for pressurising non-water types it is
extremely important to remove any water or moisture from any fire extinguisher before
recharging. Excess moisture in a dry chemical fire extinguisher will cause the agent to
cake and lump and become unusable. It also will cause corrosion to the fire extinguisher
shell and valve. In carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, excess moisture will cause extremely
corrosive acids to form when combined with the extinguishing agent. These acids can
corrode the fire extinguisher shell and valve.
5.12.3.5 Dry Ice Converters

In general, carbon dioxide obtained by converting dry ice to liquid will not be satisfactory
unless it is properly processed to remove excess water and oil. If dry ice converters are used,
the following required steps should be taken.
a) Moisture-absorbent cartridges containing silica gel or activated alumina of adequate
capacity should be employed. These cartridges need to be periodically reactivated by
heating at 300°F (149°C) for 2 hours in an open-vented condition in order to keep them in
an absorbent condition. At temperatures below 32°F (0°C), the cartridges act as a filter;
above 32°F (0°C), they absorb moisture directly. Various tell-tale compositions are
available that, by means of colour, indicate the degree of absorbtivity still available in the
gel.
b) An extra operation is required to minimise the water within the converter. This operation
consists of blowing off a short burst of liquid carbon dioxide from the bottom of the
converter in order to blow off free water. This operation can only be performed above
32°F (0°C). With the converter contents colder than 32°F (0°C), blowing off is ineffectual.
c) The preferred source of carbon dioxide for recharging fire extinguishers is from a low
pressure [300 psi at 0°F (2068 kPa at -17.8°C)] supply, supplied either directly or via dry
cylinders used as an intermediary means.
5.12.3.6 Pressure Gauges

If it becomes necessary to replace a pressure gauge on a fire extinguisher, in addition to
knowing the charging pressure, it is important to know the type of extinguishing agent for
which the gauge is suitable, as well as the valve body with which the gauge is compatible. This
information could be available in the form of markings on the dial face. Where the marking is
provided, the extinguishing agent is indicated by references such as “Use Dry Chemicals
Only,” while the valve body compatibility is indicated as follows.
a) Gauges intended for use with aluminium or plastic valve bodies are marked with a line
above the gauge manufacturer’s code letter.
b) Gauges intended for use with brass or plastic valve bodies are marked with a line below
the manufacturer’s code letter.
c) Universal gauges that can be used with aluminium, brass, or plastic valve bodies are
marked with lines above and below the manufacturer’s code letter or by the absence of
any line above or below the manufacturer’s code letter. Using the proper replacement
gauge as to pressure range, extinguishing agent, and valve body compatibility is
recommended to avoid or to reduce gauge-related problems.
5.12.3.7 Typical Specification of Equipment Capable of Producing Dry Air
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The compressor/dryer module must be a fully enclosed, factory-assembled, and factory tested
package of a vertical design (compressor above motor). It must incorporate the compressor
driver, purification system, controls, interconnecting piping, and wiring. The scope of supply
must include the following:
a) Compressor. The compressor block must be multistage, air-cooled, oil-lubricated, and
rated for continuous duty at 34,475 kPa with a charging rate of [________ cfm]. The
crankcase must be fully enclosed with oversized ball bearings on each end. The
connecting rods must utilize needle bearings on both ends. Pistons must be aluminium or
cast iron and must incorporate piston rings on all stages. Cylinders must be of cast iron.
Relief valves and individually mounted intercoolers must be utilised after each stage of
compression. The after-cooler must be designed to deliver final air at a temperature not to
exceed -6.67°C above ambient. The compressor flywheel must incorporate a high-velocity
cooling fan for maximum heat dissipation. An automatic condensate drain system must be
supplied as standard equipment on all systems.
b) Dryer System. The system must be of a multi-chamber arrangement; each constructed of
aluminium alloy with a tensile strength of 572,285 kPa and designed for 34,475 kPa
working pressure with a 4 to 1 safety factor. The first chamber must be a mechanical
separator to eliminate oil and water. Subsequent chambers must utilise replacement
cartridges to further remove moisture and oil vapour. The dryer system must process
[______ cf] before cartridge replacement. The air delivered must have a -51.1°C dew
point or lower.
5.13 Installation, Maintenance, Inspection and Testing of 65 mm Fire Hydrant,

Standpipe and Hose Systems
This standard must be read in addition to sections on 65 mm Fire Hydrants and Related
Equipment, Fighting Water Supply and Fire Pumps and 25 mm Fire Hosereels.
5.13.1 Standpipe and Hose Systems
5.13.1.1 General
This Standard provides the minimum requirements for the routine inspection, testing, and
maintenance of standpipe and hose systems. Table 1 must be used to determine the minimum
required frequencies for inspection, testing, and maintenance.
a) Valves and Connections. Valves and fire department connections must be inspected,
tested, and maintained in accordance with NFPA 25.
b) Impairments. Where the inspection, testing, and maintenance of standpipe and hose
systems results or involves a system that is out of service, the procedures outlined in
NFPA 25 must be followed.
Table 1 - Summary of Standpipe and Hose System Inspection, Testing and Maintenance
Item Activity Frequency

Control valves Inspection Weekly/monthly
Pressure regulating devices Inspection Quarterly
Piping Inspection Quarterly
Hose connections Inspection Quarterly
Cabinet Inspection Annually
Hose Inspection Annually
Hose storage device Inspection Annually
Alarm device Test Quarterly
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Hose nozzle Test Annually
Hose storage device Test Annually
Hose Test 5 years/3 years
Pressure control valve Test 5 years
Pressure reducing valve Test 5 years
Hydrostatic test Test 5 years
Flow test Test 5 years
Main drain test Test Annually
Hose connections Maintenance Annually
Valves (all types) Maintenance Annually/as needed
5.13.1.2 Inspection
a) Components of standpipe and hose systems must be visually inspected quarterly or as
specified in Table 1.
b) Table 2 must be used for the inspection, testing, and maintenance of all classes of
standpipe and hose systems.
c) Checkpoints and corrective actions outlined in Table 2 must be followed to determine that
components are free of corrosion, foreign material, physical damage, tampering, or other
conditions that adversely affect system operation.
Table 2 - Standpipe and Hose Systems
Component / Checkpoint Corrective Action

Hose connections
Cap missing Replace
Fire hose connection damaged Repair
Valve handles missing Replace
Cap gaskets missing or deteriorated Replace
Valve leaking Close or repair
Visible obstructions Remove
Restricting device missing Replace
Manual, semi-automatic, or dry
standpipe - valve does not operate Lubricate or repair
smoothly
Piping
Damaged piping Repair
Control valves damaged Repair or replace
Missing or damaged pipe support
Repair or replace
device
Damaged supervisory devices Repair or replace
Hose
Remove and inspect the hose, including gaskets, and
re-rack or re-reel at intervals in accordance with
Inspect
NFPA 1962, Standard for the Care, Use, and Service
Testing of Fire Hose including Couplings and Nozzles
Mildew, cuts, abrasions, and
Replace with listed, lined, jacketed hose
deterioration evident
Coupling damaged Replace or repair
Gaskets missing or deteriorated Replace
Incompatible threads on coupling Replace or provide thread adaptor
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Component / Checkpoint Corrective Action

Hose not connected to hose rack
Connect
nipple or valve
Retest or replace in accordance with NFPA 1962,
Hose test outdated Standard for the Care, Use and Service Testing of
Fire Hose Including Couplings and Nozzles
Hose Nozzle
Hose nozzle missing Replace with listed nozzle
Gasket missing or deteriorated Replace
Obstructions Remove
Nozzle does not operate smoothly Repair or replace
Hose Storage Device
Difficult to operate Repair or replace
Damaged Repair or replace
Obstruction Remove
Hose improperly racked or rolled Remove
Nozzle clip in place and nozzle
Replace if necessary
correctly contained?
If enclosed in cabinet, will hose rack
Repair or remove any obstructions
swing out at least 90 degrees?
Cabinet
Check overall condition for corroded Repair or replace parts; replace entire cabinet if
or damaged parts necessary
Difficult to open Repair
Cabinet door will not open fully Repair or move obstructions
Door glazing cracked or broken Replace
If cabinet is break-glass type, is lock
Repair or replace
functioning properly?
Glass-break device missing or not
Replace or attach
attached
Not properly identified as containing
Provide identification
fire equipment
Visible obstructions Remove
All valves, hose, nozzles, fire
Remove any material not related
extinguisher, etc., easily accessible
5.13.1.3 Testing
The tests must be conducted by a qualified person. Where water damage is a possibility, an
air test must be conducted on the system at 1700 kPa prior to introducing water to the system.
5.13.1.4 Flow Tests

a) A flow test must be conducted every 5 years at the hydraulically most remote hose
connection of each zone of an automatic standpipe system to verify the water supply still
provides the design pressure at the required flow.
b) Where a flow test of the hydraulically most remote outlet(s) is not practical, the supervisor
having jurisdiction must be consulted for the appropriate location for the test.
c) All systems must be flow tested and pressure tested at the requirements in effect at the
time of the installation.
d) The actual test method(s) and performance criteria must be discussed in advance with
the supervisor having jurisdiction.
e) Standpipes, sprinkler connections to standpipes, or hose stations equipped with pressure
reducing valves or pressure regulating valves must have these valves inspected, tested,
and maintained in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 25.
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f) A main drain test must be performed on all standpipe systems with automatic water
supplies in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 25.
g) The test must be performed at the low point drain for each standpipe or the main drain
test connection where the supply main enters the building (when provided).
h) Pressure gauges must be provided for the test and must be maintained.
5.13.1.5 Alarm devices

Where provided, water flow alarm and supervisory devices must be tested on a quarterly
basis.
a) Maintenance and repairs must be in accordance with Table 1 and Table 2.
b) Hose Connections. After each use, all hose connected to sprinkler systems must be
cleaned, drained, and thoroughly dried before being placed in service. Hose that has
been exposed to hazardous materials must be disposed of in an approved manner or
must be decontaminated by a method approved for the contaminant and by the hose
manufacturer’s recommendation. Equipment that does not pass the inspection or the
testing requirements must be repaired and tested again or replaced.
5.13.2 Routine Water Supply Testing
5.13.2.1 Introduction
A water pressure and flow test must be conducted at intervals not exceeding 90 days on all
fire water distribution systems to determine the rate of flow and pressure available for fire-
fighting purposes.
5.13.2.2 Procedure
a) Tests must be conducted during a period of expected normal demand. The procedure
must consist of discharging water at a measured rate of flow from the system at a given
location and observing the corresponding pressure drop in the mains.
b) All new systems must be tested prior to the occupancy of the building or area which they
serve. Any installing contractor must provide an appropriate test certificate.
5.13.3 Acceptance of New Systems
5.13.3.1 Flushing of Piping

All piping in the system must be flushed with a sufficient volume of water in order to remove
any construction debris and trash accumulated in the piping prior to the completion of the
system and prior to the installation of the fire department connection.
5.13.3.2 Hydrostatic Tests

a) Installers of all new systems must have their system(s) hydrostatically tested in
accordance with SABS 1128 - Part 2 and SABS 0287, and must provide at their cost,
upon handover of the system, a test certificate of compliance issued by a suitably
qualified test authority.
b) The hydrostatic test pressure must be measured at the lowest elevation point of the
individual system or zone being tested. The piping system must show no leakage.
c) During the hydrostatic test, the pressure gauge at the extremities of the piping must be
observed and the pressure recorded.
d) Additives, corrosive chemicals such as sodium silicate or derivatives of sodium silicate,
brine, or other chemicals must not be used while hydrostatically testing systems or for
stopping leaks.
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5.13.4 Flow Tests
a) The water supply must be tested to verify compliance with the design.
b) This test must be conducted by flowing water from the hydraulically most remote and high
hose connection (hydrant).
5.13.4.1 Pressure-Regulating Devices

a) Each pressure-regulating device must be tested to verify that the installation is correct,
that the device is operating properly, and that the inlet and outlet pressures at the device
are in accordance with the design.
b) Static and residual inlet pressure and static and residual outlet pressure and flow must be
recorded on the contractor’s test certificate.
5.13.4.2 Main Drain Flow Test

a) The main drain valve must be opened and must remain open until the system pressure
stabilises. The static and residual pressure must be recorded on the contractor’s test
certificate.
b) Testing must be conducted while the pumps are operating.
5.13.4.3 Alarm and Supervision Tests

Any alarm or detector (supervisory device) associated with the fire fighting water supply must
be tested in accordance with NFPA 72.
5.13.4.4 Instructions
The installing contractor must provide the owner with:
a) All literature and instructions provided by the manufacturer of any device or equipment
installed as part of the work, describing the proper operation and maintenance of such
equipment or device.
b) A copy of NFPA 25, the Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-
Based Fire Protection Systems.
5.13.5 Hydrant Test Under Simulated Fire Conditions
5.13.5.1 Frequency
A hydrant test under simulated fire conditions must be conducted at intervals not exceeding 12
months, in every building or area served by the fire water system.
5.13.5.2 Test method

a) After the location where the test is to be conducted has been determined, a
representative group of test hydrants are selected in the vicinity. Once selected, due
consideration is given to potential interference with traffic flow patterns, damage to
surroundings (e.g. roadways, sidewalks, landscapes, vehicles, and pedestrians), and
potential flooding problems both local and remote from the test site.
b) One hydrant, designated the residual hydrant, is chosen to be the hydrant where the
normal static pressure will be observed with the other hydrants in the group closed, and
where the residual pressure will be observed with the other hydrants flowing. This
hydrant is chosen so it will be located between the hydrant to be flowed and the large
mains that constitute the immediate sources of water supply in the area
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Figure 1
c) In the figure above, test layouts are indicated showing the residual hydrant (designated
‘R’) and hydrants to be flowed (designated ‘F’). The number of hydrants used in any test
depends upon the number of hydrants which will foreseeably be used in combating a fire
in the particular area, save that in no case are more than 3 hydrants required to be tested
simultaneously.
d) To obtain satisfactory test results of theoretical calculation of expected flows or rated
capacities, sufficient discharge should be achieved to cause a drop in pressure at the
residual hydrant of at least 25%, or to flow the total demand necessary for the system
demand or fire-fighting purposes.
e) It is preferable to flow water past the residual hydrant.
5.13.5.3 Equipment
a) The equipment necessary for field work consists of a single Bourdon pressure gauge, a
number of Pitot tubes and a special hydrant cap tapped with a hole into which a short
length of brass pipe is fitted. This pipe is provided with a T connection for the gauge and a
cock at the end for relieving air pressure. Pressure gauges are to be calibrated every 12
months, or more frequently, depending on use.
b) When more than one hydrant is flowed, it can be desirable and necessary to use portable
radios to facilitate communications.
c) It is preferred to use an “Underwriter’s Playpipe”, or some other form of stream
straightener with a known coefficient of discharge when testing hydrants, due to the more
streamlined flow and more accurate Pitot reading which may be thus achieved.
5.13.5.4 Test procedure

a) In a typical test, the gauge is attached to one of the 65 mm outlets of the residual hydrant
using the special cap, the cock on the gauge piping is opened, and the hydrant valve is
opened full. As soon as the air is exhausted from the barrel, the cock is closed. A reading
(static pressure) is taken when the needle comes to rest.
b) At a given signal each of the other hydrants is opened in succession, with discharge
taking place directly from the open hydrant butts. Hydrants should be opened one at a
time. With all hydrants flowing, water should be allowed to flow for a sufficient time to
clear all debris and foreign substances from the stream(s).
c) At that time, a signal is given to the people at the hydrants to read the Pitot pressure of
the streams simultaneously while the residual pressure is being read. The final magnitude
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of the pressure drop can be controlled by the number of hydrants used and the number of
outlets opened on each.
d) After the readings have been taken, hydrants should be shut down slowly, one at a time,
to prevent undue surges in the system.
5.13.5.5 Pitot Readings

a) When measuring discharge from open hydrant butts, 65 mm outlets rather than pumper
outlets should be used.
b) In practically all cases, the 65 mm outlets are filled across the entire cross section during
flow. When measuring the Pitot pressure of a stream of practically uniform velocity, the
orifice in the Pitot tube is held downstream approximately one-half the diameter of the
hydrant outlet or nozzle opening, and in the centre of the stream. The centreline of the
orifice should be at right angles to the plane of the face of the hydrant outlet. The air
chamber on the Pitot tube should be kept elevated. Pitot readings of less than 70 kPa and
more than 200 kPa should be avoided, if possible. Opening additional hydrant outlets will
aid in controlling the Pitot reading.
c) With dry barrel hydrants, the hydrant valve should be wide open. The hydrant valve for
the flowing outlet should be wide open. This opening gives a more streamlined flow and a
more accurate Pitot reading.
Figure 2
5.13.5.6 Determination of Discharge Without a Pitot

a) If a Pitot tube is not available for use to measure the hydrant discharge, a 3.5 or 4.0 bar
gauge tapped into a hydrant cap can be used.
b) The hydrant cap with gauge attached is placed on one outlet, and the flow is allowed to
take place through the other outlet at the same elevation.
c) The readings obtained from a gauge so located, and the readings obtained from a gauge
on a Pitot tube held in the stream, are approximately the same.
5.13.5.7 System Corrections

a) Flow test results show the strength of the distribution system and do not necessarily
indicate the degree of adequacy of the entire water works system. Consider a system
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supplied by pumps at one location and having no elevated storage. If the pressure at the
pump station drops during the test, it is an indication that the distribution system is
capable of delivering more than the pumps can deliver at their normal operating pressure.
b) It is necessary to use a value for the drop in pressure for the test that is equal to the
actual drop obtained in the field during the test, minus the drop in discharge pressure at
the pumping station.
c) If sufficient pumping capacity is available at the station and the discharge pressure could
be maintained by operating additional pumps, the water system as a whole could deliver
the computed quantity. If, however, additional pumping units are not available, the
distribution system would be capable of delivering the computed quantity, but the water
system as a whole would be limited by the pumping capacity.
d) The portion of the pressure drop for which a correction can be made for tests on systems
with storage is generally estimated upon the basis of a study of all the tests made and the
pressure drops observed on the recording gauge at the station for each. The corrections
can vary from very substantial portions of the observed pressure drops for tests near the
pumping station, to zero for tests remote from the station. It is preferable to flow water
past the residual hydrant.
5.13.6 General Requirement and Equipment
5.13.6.1 Large Bore / 65 mm Hydrants

a) Hydrants must be of the standpipe type, with heads at a height of approximately 1 m
above floor or ground level.
b) Hydrants must have an outlet diameter of 65 mm.
c) Hydrant couplings must be of a type compatible with those in use throughout the mine,
which must in turn be of a type compatible with those in use by the nearest public
authority fire service.
d) Standpipes must be protected against physical impact damage by sturdy guard rails if
they are in danger of impact.
e) Hydrant reticulation must be fitted with strategically placed stop valves which facilitate
isolation of damaged sections of the installation without interruption to the remaining
reticulation.
f) Hydrant lugs must be lightly oiled every four weeks.
g) Rubber washers must be replaced every 12 months or sooner if found to be deteriorating.
5.13.6.2 Fire Hoses and Nozzles

a) Nozzle sizes must never exceed 16mm diameter. Where pressure and/or flow is relatively
poor 13 mm nozzles may be used to produce an effective jet.
b) Hand-controlled (variable jet) branches (nozzles) are preferable to open (fixed jet)
branches, as they allow a jet or spray to be readily produced as required, or flow can be
shut completely if required. (The recommended variable jet/spray unit is the AWG No 1
branch).
c) Fire hoses must always be stored correctly made up with the female fitting on the inside
of the roll.
d) Each fire hose must have water passed through it at least once every year and must then
be thoroughly dried before being re-made up.
e) Hose coupling lugs must be oiled after water has been passed through the hose.
5.13.6.3 Hydrant Water Supplies

a) The water supply for the hydrant system, as stated below, is over and above all water
supply requirements, where applicable, for any:
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 fire sprinkler system which may be installed at the premises

 domestic / drinking water supply requirement at the premises
 service water requirement on site.
b) Moreover, supply to meet domestic and service water requirements must be provided
separately and independently of the supply for fire fighting purposes.
c) Regarding water supply to the hydrant system,
 Water supplies to hydrants must be installed in compliance with existing legislation,
and any Municipal bye-laws which may apply.
 As a general rule the requirements of the National Building Regulations must be
regarded as a minimum standard. Based on these Regulations the minimum flow and
accompanying pressure for hydrants is 20 litres per second (1200 litres/minute) per
unit at an open-ended flow pressure of not less than 300 kPa for a minimum duration
of four hours. These requirements must be met by each hydrant unit in a system with
3 units operating simultaneously.
5.13.6.4 Testing
a) A fire team member, fire officer, fire marshal, or other appointed person must carry out
daily visual checks on lugs, washers, hand wheels, open and shut valve indicators and
water pressures (where a gauge is provided).
b) The minimum frequency for hydrant testing under simulated fire conditions is once in
every 12 months, and following any structural maintenance or alterations to system(s).
c) The water level must be checked daily in all supply dams, tanks or reservoirs.
5.13.6.5 Electric Pumps

a) The pump should start automatically in response to a pressure drop in the system.
b) The pump should also be capable of starting by means of a manual start button.
c) The current in amperes must be recorded whilst the motor is running.
d) The pump must be run for 10 minutes.
5.13.6.6 Diesel Pumps

a) Ensure that the temperature of the pump house or area where the pump is located is
above 10°C.
b) Check oil level in the engine sump.
c) Check water level in the engine closed circuit cooling system.
d) Check batteries by means of a hydrometer or low voltage tester to ensure that each cell is
charged and that electrolyte is at correct level.
e) Check that the battery charger is working correctly.
f) Check that the engine fuel tank is full and that there is a reserve supply sufficient to run
the engine on full load for 6 hours.
g) The pump should start automatically in response to a pressure drop in the system.
h) The pump should also be capable of starting by means of a manual start button.
i) Run the pump for at least 30 minutes and record the running hour total shown on the hour
meter after the test.
j) Replenish the fuel used during the test.
k) The engine must be serviced in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications.
5.14 Installation and Maintenance of Dedicated Main Fire Service Pipeline
This standard must be read in addition to section on Fire Fighting Water Supply and Fire Pumps
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5.14.1 General
a) This Standard provides the minimum requirements for the routine inspection, testing, and
maintenance of private fire service mains and their appurtenances. Table 1 must be used
to determine the minimum required frequencies for inspection, testing, and maintenance.
Table 1 – Summary of Private Fire Service Main Inspection, Testing and Maintenance

Hose houses Inspection Quarterly
Hydrants (dry barrel and wall Inspection Annually and after each operation
Monitor nozzles Inspection Semi-annually
Hydrants (wet barrel) Inspection Annually and after
Mainline strainers Inspection Annually and after
Piping (exposed) Inspection Annually
Piping (underground) Inspection
Monitor nozzles Test Flow annually (range and operation)
Hydrants Test Flow annually
Piping (exposed & underground) Flow test 5 years
Mainline strainers Maintenance Annually and after each operation
Hose houses Maintenance Annually
Hydrants Maintenance Annually
Monitor nozzles Maintenance Annually
b) The above functions must be permitted to be carried out simultaneously.
5.14.2 Valves and Connections
Valves and fire department connections must be inspected, tested, and maintained in
accordance with NFPA 25.
5.14.3 Fire Hose
Fire hose must be maintained in accordance with NFPA 1962, Standard for the Care, Use, and
Service Testing of Fire Hose Including Couplings and Nozzles.
5.14.4 Notification to Supervisory Service
a) To avoid false alarms where a supervisory service is provided, the alarm receiving
facilities must always be notified by the owner or designated representative as follows:
 Before conducting any test or procedure that could result in the activation of an alarm
 After such tests or procedures are concluded
5.14.5 Exposed Piping
a) Exposed piping must be inspected annually.

b) Piping must be inspected, and the necessary corrective action must be taken as shown in
Table 2.
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Table 2 - Exposed Piping
Condition Corrective Action

Leaks Repair
Physical damage Repair or replace
Corrosion Clean or replace and coat with corrosion protection
Restraint methods Repair or replace
5.14.6 Underground Piping
Generally, underground piping cannot be inspected on a routine basis. However, flow testing
can reveal the condition of underground piping.
5.14.7 Mainline Strainers
Mainline strainers must be inspected and cleaned after each system flow exceeding that of a
nominal 50 mm orifice and must be removed and inspected annually for failing, damage, and
corroded parts with the necessary corrective action taken as shown in Table 3.
Table 3 - Mainline Strainers

Plugging or fouling Clean
Corrosion Replace or repair
5.14.8 Dry Barrel and Wall Hydrants
Dry barrel and wall hydrants shall be inspected annually and after each operation with the
necessary corrective action taken as shown in Table 4.
Table 4 - Dry Barrel and Wall Hydrants

Inaccessible Make accessible
Barrel contains water or ice (presence of water Repair and drain; for high groundwater it could be
or ice could indicate a faulty drain, a leaky necessary to plug the drain and pump out the barrel
hydrant valve, or high ground water table) after each use
Improper drainage from barrel Repair drain
Repair or replace gaskets, packing, or parts as
Leaks in outlets or at top of hydrant
necessary
Cracks in hydrant barrel Repair or replace
Tightness of outlets Lubricate if necessary; tighten if necessary
Worn nozzle threads Repair or replace
Worn hydrant operating nut Repair or replace
Availability of operating wrench Make sure wrench is available
5.14.9 Wet Barrel Hydrants
Wet barrel hydrants must be inspected annually and after each operation the necessary
corrective action as shown in Table 5 must be taken.
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Table 5 - Wet Barrel Hydrants

Repair or replace gaskets, packing, or parts as
Leaks in outlets or at top of hydrant
necessary
Cracks in hydrant barrel Repair or replace
Tightness of outlets Lubricate if necessary; tighten if necessary
Worn nozzle threads Repair or replace
Worn hydrant operating nut Repair or replace
Availability of operating wrench Make sure wrench is available
5.14.10 Monitor Nozzles
Monitor nozzles must be inspected semi-annually with the necessary corrective action taken as
shown in Table 6 below.
Table 6 - Monitor Nozzles

Leakage Repair
Clean or replace, and lubricate or protect as
Corrosion
necessary
5.14.11 Hose Houses
Hose houses must be inspected quarterly with the necessary corrective action taken as shown
in Table 7.
Table 7 - Hose Houses

Missing equipment Replace equipment
5.14.12 Testing
a) Underground and Exposed Piping Flow Tests. Underground and exposed piping must
be flow tested to determine the internal condition of the piping at minimum 5-year
intervals.
b) Flow tests must be made at flows representative of those expected during a fire for the
purpose of comparing the friction loss characteristics of the pipe with those expected for
the particular type of pipe involved, with due consideration given to the age of the pipe
and to the results of previous flow tests.
c) Any flow test results that indicate deterioration of available water flow and pressure must
be investigated to the complete satisfaction of the authority having jurisdiction to ensure
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that the required flow and pressure are available for fire protection.
d) Where underground piping supplies individual fire sprinkler, standpipe, water spray, or
foam - water sprinkler systems and there are no means to conduct full flow tests, tests
generating the maximum available flows must be permitted.
5.14.13 Maintenance
5.14.13.1 General
a) All equipment must be maintained in proper working condition, consistent with the
manufacturer’s recommendations.
b) Mainline strainers must be cleaned annually and after each operation.
c) Records must be maintained.
5.15 Installation and Maintenance of Water Storage Tanks

5.15.1 General
maintenance of water storage tanks. Table 1 must be used to determine the minimum
Table 1 - Summary of Water Storage Tank Inspection, Testing and Maintenance

Condition of water in tank Inspection Monthly/Quarterly*
Water temperature Inspection Daily/weekly*
Heating system Inspection Daily/weekly*
Control valves Inspection Weekly/monthly
Water - level Inspection Monthly/quarterly
Air pressure Inspection Monthly/quarterly
Tank - exterior Inspection Quarterly
Support structure Inspection Quarterly
Catwalks and ladders Inspection Quarterly
Surrounding area Inspection Quarterly
Hoops and grillage Inspection Annually
Painted/coated surfaces Inspection Annually
Expansion joints Inspection Annually
Interior Inspection 5 years/3 years
Check valves Inspection 5 years
Temperature alarms Test Monthly*
High temperature limit switches Test Monthly*
Water level alarms Test Semi-annually
Level indicators Test 5 years
Pressure gauges Test 5 years
Water level Maintenance
Drain silt Maintenance Semi-annually
Control valves Maintenance Annually
Embankment-supported coated fabric (ESCF) Maintenance
Check valves Maintenance
*Cold weather/heating season only
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b) Valves and Connections. Valves and fire department connections must be inspected,
c) Impairments. The procedures outlined in NFPA 25 must be followed where impairment to
protection occurs.
d) Notification to Supervisory Service. To avoid false alarms where a supervisory service
is provided, the alarm receiving facility always must be notified by the owner or
designated representative as follows:
 Before conducting any test or procedure that could result in the activation of an alarm
 After such tests or procedures are concluded.
5.15.2 Inspection Frequency
a) Tanks equipped with supervised water level alarms that are connected to a constantly
attended location must be inspected quarterly.
b) Tanks not equipped with supervised water level alarms connected to a constantly
attended location must be inspected monthly.
5.15.3 Water Temperature
a) The temperature of water tanks must not be less than 4°C (40°F).
b) The temperature of water in tanks with low temperature alarms connected to a constantly
attended location must be inspected and recorded weekly during the heating season.
c) The temperature of water in tanks without low temperature alarms connected to a
constantly attended location must be inspected and recorded daily during the heating
season.
5.15.4 Exterior Inspection
a) The exterior of the tank, supporting structure, vents, foundation, and catwalks or ladders,
where provided, must be inspected quarterly for signs of obvious damage or weakening.
b) The area surrounding the tank and supporting structure, where provided, must be
inspected quarterly to ensure that the following conditions are met:
 The area is free of combustible storage, trash, debris, brush, or material that could
present a fire exposure hazard.
 The area is free of the accumulation of material on or near parts that could result in
accelerated corrosion or rot.
 The tank and support are free of ice build-up.
 The exterior sides and top of embankments supporting coated fabric tanks are free of
erosion.
c) Expansion joints, where provided, must be inspected annually for leaks and cracks.
d) The hoops and grillage of wooden tanks must be inspected annually.
e) Exterior painted, coated, or insulated surfaces of the tank and supporting structure, where
provided, must be inspected annually for signs of degradation.
5.15.5 Interior Inspection
a) The interior of steel tanks without corrosion protection must be inspected every 3 years.
b) The interior of all other types of tanks must be inspected every 5 years.
c) Where interior inspection is made by means of underwater evaluation, silt must first be
removed from the tank floor.
d) The tank interior must be inspected for signs of pitting, corrosion, spalling, rot, other forms
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of deterioration, waste materials and debris, aquatic growth, and local or general failure of
interior coating.
e) Steel tanks exhibiting signs of interior pitting, corrosion or failure of coating must be
tested.
f) The anti-vortex plate must be inspected for deterioration or blockage.
5.15.6 Testing
a) Level indicators must be tested every 5 years for accuracy and freedom of movement.
b) High and low water level alarms must be tested semi-annually.
c) Pressure gauges must be tested every 5 years with a calibrated gauge in accordance with
the manufacturer’s instructions. Gauges not accurate to within 3% of the scale of the
gauge being tested must be recalibrated or replaced.
d) Where a drained interior inspection of a steel tank is conducted the following tests must
be conducted:
 Evaluation of tank coatings must be made in accordance with the adhesion test of
ASTM D 3359, Standard Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test,
generally referred to as the “cross-hatch test.”
 Dry film thickness measurements must be taken at random locations to determine the
overall coating thickness.
 Non-destructive ultrasonic readings must be taken to evaluate the wall thickness
where there is evidence of pitting or corrosion.
 Interior surfaces must be spot wet-sponge tested to detect pinholes, cracks, or other
compromises in the coating. Special attention must be given to sharp edges such as
ladder rungs, nuts, and bolts.
 Tank bottoms must be tested for metal loss and/or rust on the underside by use of
ultrasonic testing where there is evidence of pitting or corrosion. Removal, visual
inspection, and replacement of random floor coupons must be an acceptable
alternative to ultrasonic testing.
 Tanks with flat bottoms must be vacuum-box tested at bottom seams in accordance
with test procedures found in NFPA 22, Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire
Protection.
5.15.7 Maintenance
a) Voids discovered beneath the floors of tanks must be filled by pumping in grout or
accessing the sand and replenishing.
b) The tank must be maintained full or at the designed water level.
c) The hatch covers in the roofs and the door at the top of the frost-proof casing must always
be kept securely fastened with substantial catches as a protection against freezing and
windstorm damage.
d) No waste materials, such as boards, paint cans, trim, or loose material, must be left in the
tank or on the surface of the tank.
e) The exposed surfaces of embankment-supported coated fabric (ESCF) tanks must be
cleaned and painted every 2 years or in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
f) Silt must be removed during interior inspections or more frequently as needed to avoid
accumulation to the level of the tank outlet.
g) The maintenance of ESCF tanks must be completed in accordance with this section and
the tank manufacturer’s instructions.
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5.15.8 Records
Records of all inspections, tests and maintenance must be maintained.
5.16 Installation and Maintenance of 25 mm Fire Hose Reels
This standard must be read in addition to section on 25 mm Fire Hosereels.
5.16.1 System Requirements
a) Hosereel stop valves must be sealed with lead or plastic seals and reserved solely for fire
fighting purposes.
b) The internal diameter of the service pipe feeding a hosereel system must be a minimum
of:
 32 mm if it serves 1 to 3 hosereels.
 38 mm if it serves 4 or 5 hosereels.
 50 mm if it serves more than 5 hosereels.
c) Service feeder pipes for hosereels may be connected to a hydrant main, or upstream from
the main stop valve of a sprinkler system.
d) All piping and fittings used in a hosereel system must be capable of withstanding a
pressure of up to 2 500 kPa.
e) Every hosereel system must be fitted with one or more pressure gauges reading up to 2
500 kPa. One must be situated at the hosereel furthest from the incoming water supply.
f) Hosereels must contain not less than 30 m of 25 mm reinforced plastic or rubber hose,
complete with adjustable jet / spray shut off nozzle.
g) The following is a typical hosereel system layout, illustrating the application of the above
requirements.
Figure 1
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5.16.2 Hosereel Inspection and Maintenance
5.16.2.1 Monthly Inspection

The following aspects must be checked during the inspection:
a) whether the hosereel is due for reconditioning;

b) whether the base is firmly fixed to the wall;
c) whether the nozzle-cock operates easily and is unblocked;
d) whether the reel rotates freely on its spindle;
e) whether the hose runs freely through the hose run-out guide;
f) whether all connections are serviceable;
g) whether the hose is in a good condition;
h) whether the hosereel needs reconditioning, and
i) whether the water supply to the hose is correct.
5.16.2.2 Monthly Inspection Records

Keep a record (initialled by the responsible person) of each inspection, showing:
a) The date on which the inspection was performed;

b) The extent of any site repairs;
c) A means of identifying any hosereel that was found to require reconditioning, and
d) Whether all necessary reconditioning was carried out.
5.16.2.3 Annual Maintenance

Annual maintenance must include either reconditioning or on-site maintenance, as
appropriate.)
a) Reconditioning
Carry out reconditioning in accordance with SABS 1475: Part I once every 3 years or
more frequently when circumstances so require.
b) On-Site Maintenance
In years where reconditioning is not required, carry out on-site maintenance annually in
accordance with the following guidelines:
 Remove and check the nozzle-cock for blockage, then refit the nozzle-cock.
 Hosereels must be fully extended once a year. Note that more frequent extension
causes damage to the hosereel spindle and glands. Completely unwind the hose from
the reel. During the unwinding operation, check:
 Whether the reel rotates freely on its spindle. If necessary, lubricate the spindle or
replace the spindle and / or spindle bush.
 The hose condition
 Whether the coverage and overlap of adjacent hosereels is adequate to protect all
areas.
 Whether the hose runs out freely through the hose run-out guide. If necessary,
lubricate or replace the run-out guide.
 Open the discharge nozzle-cock and, using water, purge all air from the reel and
hose. Close the nozzle-cock, increase the water pressure to 2 000 kPa and, while the
hose is under pressure, check
 The waterway for leaks. If necessary, adjust or renew glands/seals.
 All hose connections for leaks. Rectify where necessary.
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 The discharge nozzle-cock for leaks. Adjust or replace if necessary.
 Check the entire hose-reel assembly for corrosion. Repair or replace as necessary.
 Ensure that the hosereel base is firmly affixed to the wall.
 Rewind the hose neatly but without undue tension on the reel. Place the discharge
nozzle-cock in its stowage bracket.
 Sign the maintenance label or sign and attach a new maintenance label.
5.17 Installation and Maintenance of Fire Pumps
This standard must be read in addition to section Fire Fighting Water Supply and Fire Pumps.
5.17.1 General
maintenance of fire pump assemblies. Table 1 must be used to determine the minimum
Table 1 - Summary of Fire Pump Inspection, Testing and Maintenance

Pump house, heating ventilating louvres Inspection Weekly
Fire pump system Inspection Weekly
Pump operation
No-flow condition Test Weekly
Flow condition Test Annually
Hydraulic Maintenance Annually
Mechanical transmission Maintenance Annually
Electrical system Maintenance Varies
Controller, various components Maintenance Varies
Motor Maintenance Annually
Diesel engine system, various components Maintenance Varies
b) Valves and Connections. Valves and fire department connections must be inspected,
c) Auxiliary Equipment. The pump assembly auxiliary equipment must include the
following:
a) Pump accessories as follows:
b) Pump shaft coupling
c) Automatic air release valve
d) Pressure gauges
e) Circulation relief valve (not used in conjunction with diesel engine drive with heat
exchanger)
f) Pump test device(s)
g) Pump relief valve and piping (where maximum pump discharge pressure exceeds the
rating of the system components or the driver is of variable speed)
h) Alarm sensors and indicators
i) Right-angle gear sets (for engine-driven vertical shaft turbine pumps)
j) Pressure maintenance (jockey) pump and accessories
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d) Water Supply to Pump Suction. The suction supply for the fire pump must provide the
required flow at a gauge pressure of zero (0) bar [zero (0) psi] or higher at the pump
suction flange to meet the system demand.
e) Energy Source. The energy sources for the pump driver must supply the necessary
brake horsepower of the driver so that the pump meets system demand.
f) Driver. The pump driver must not overload beyond its rating (including any service factor
allowance) when delivering the necessary brake horsepower.
g) Controller. Automatic and manual controllers for applying the energy source to the driver
must be capable of providing this operation for the type of pump used.
h) Impairments. The procedures outlined in NFPA 25 must be followed where impairment to
protection occurs.
i) Notification to Supervisory Service. To avoid false alarms where a supervisory service
is provided, the alarm receiving facility always must be notified by the owner or
designated representative as follows:
k) Before conducting any test or procedure that could result in the activation of an alarm
l) After such tests or procedures are concluded
5.17.2 Inspection
The purpose of inspection must be to verify that the pump assembly appears to be in operating
condition and is free from physical damage.
The pertinent visual observations specified in the following checklists must be performed
weekly:
5.17.2.1 Pump House Condition

a) Heat is adequate, not less than 4.4°C (40°F) (21°C (70°F) for pump room with diesel
pumps without engine heaters).
b) Ventilating louvers are free to operate.
5.17.2.2 Pump System Conditions

a) Pump suction and discharge and bypass valves are fully open.
b) Piping is free of leaks.
c) Suction line pressure gauge reading is normal.
d) System line pressure gauge reading is normal.
e) Suction reservoir is full.
f) Wet pit suction screens are unobstructed and in place.
5.17.2.3 Electrical System Conditions

a) Controller pilot light (power on) is illuminated.
b) Transfer switch normal pilot light is illuminated.
c) Isolating switch is closed — standby (emergency) source.
d) Reverse phase alarm pilot light is off or normal phase rotation pilot light is on.
e) Oil level in vertical motor sight glass is normal. Pump suction and discharge and bypass
valves are fully open.
5.17.2.4 Diesel Engine System Conditions

a) Fuel tank is two -thirds full.
b) Controller selector switch is in auto position.
c) Batteries’ voltage readings are normal.
d) Batteries’ charging current readings are normal.
e) Batteries’ pilot lights are on or battery failure pilot lights are off.
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f) All alarm pilot lights are off.

g) Engine running time meter is reading.
h) Oil level in right angle gear drive is normal.
i) Crankcase oil level is normal.
j) Cooling water level is normal.
k) Electrolyte level in batteries is normal.
l) Battery terminals are free from corrosion.
m) Water-jacket heater is operating.
5.17.2.5 Steam System Conditions

a) Steam pressure gauge reading is normal.
5.17.3 Testing
5.17.3.1 Weekly Test

A weekly test of fire pump assemblies must be conducted without flowing water.
a) This test must be conducted by starting the pump automatically.

b) The electric pump must run a minimum of 10 minutes.
c) The diesel pump must run a minimum of 30 minutes.
d) A valve installed to open as a safety feature must be permitted to discharge water.
e) The automatic weekly test timer must be permitted to be substituted for the starting
procedure.
f) Qualified operating personnel must be in attendance during the weekly pump operation.
g) The pertinent visual observations or adjustments specified in the following checklists must
be conducted while the pump is running.
5.17.3.2 Pump system procedure

a) Record the system suction and discharge pressure gauge readings
b) Check the pump packing glands for slight discharge
c) Adjust gland nuts if necessary
d) Check for unusual noise or vibration
e) Check packing boxes, bearings, or pump casing for overheating
f) Record the pump starting pressure
5.17.3.3 Electrical system procedure

a) Observe the time for motor to accelerate to full speed
b) Record the time controller is on first step (for reduced voltage or reduced current starting)
c) Record the time pump runs after starting (for automatic stop controllers)
5.17.3.4 Diesel engine system procedure

a) Observe the time for engine to crank
b) Observe the time for engine to reach running speed
c) Observe the engine oil pressure gauge, speed indicator, water, and oil temperature
indicators periodically while engine is running
d) Record any abnormalities
e) Check the heat exchanger for cooling water flow
5.17.3.5 Steam system procedure

a) Record the steam pressure gauge reading
b) Observe the time for turbine to reach running speed
Page 51 of 57
company.
5.17.3.6 Annual Test

a) An annual test of each pump assembly must be conducted under minimum, rated, and
peak flows of the fire pump by controlling the quantity of water discharged through
approved test devices.
b) If available suction supplies do not allow flowing of 150 percent of the rated pump
capacity, the fire pump must be permitted to operate at maximum allowable discharge.
c) This test must be conducted as described below:
 Use of the Pump Discharge Via the Hose Streams. Pump suction and discharge
pressures and the flow measurements of each hose stream must determine the total
pump output. Care must be taken to prevent water damage by verifying there is
adequate drainage for the high-pressure water discharge from hoses.
 Use of the Pump Discharge Via the Bypass Flow meter to Drain or Suction the
Reservoir. Pump suction and discharge pressures and the flow meter measurements
must determine the total pump output.
 Use of the Pump Discharge Via the Bypass Flow meter to Pump Suction
(Closed-Loop Metering). Pump suction and discharge pressures and the flow meter
measurements must determine the total pump output.
d) The pertinent visual observations, measurements, and adjustments specified in the
following checklists must be conducted annually while the pump is running and flowing
water under the specified output condition:
5.17.3.7 At no-flow condition (churn)

a) Check the circulation relief valve for operation to discharge water
b) Check the pressure relief valve (if installed) for proper operation
c) Continue the test for ½ hour
5.17.3.8 At each flow condition

a) Record the electric motor voltage and current (all lines)
b) Record the pump speed in rpm
c) Record the simultaneous (approximately) readings of pump suction and discharge
pressures and pump discharge flow
d) For installations having a pressure relief valve, the operation of the relief valve must be
closely observed during each flow condition to determine if the pump discharge pressure
exceeds the normal operating pressure of the system components.
e) The pressure relief valve must also be observed during each flow condition to determine if
the pressure relief valve closes at the proper pressure.
f) A pressure relief valve that is open during a flow condition will affect test results.
g) The pressure relief valve must be closed during flow conditions if necessary to achieve
minimum rated characteristics for the pump and reset to normal position at the conclusion
of the pump test.
h) For installations having an automatic transfer switch, the following test must be performed
to ensure that the overcurrent protective devices (i.e., fuses or circuit breakers) do not
open:
 Simulate a power failure condition while the pump is operating at peak load
 Verify that the transfer switch transfers power to the alternate power source
 Verify that the pump continues to perform at peak load
 Remove the power failure condition and verify that after a time delay, the pump is
reconnected to the normal power source
i) Alarm conditions must be simulated by activating alarm circuits at alarm sensor locations,
and all such local or remote alarm indicating devices (visual and audible) must be
observed for operation.
Page 52 of 57
company.
j) Safety procedures must be followed while working near electric motor-driven fire pumps.
k) After the water-flow portions of the annual test or fire protection system activations, the
suction screens must be inspected and cleared of any debris or obstructions.
5.17.3.9 Other Test

a) Engine generator sets supplying emergency or standby power to fire pump assemblies
must be tested routinely in accordance with NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and
Standby Power Systems.
b) Automatic transfer switches must be tested routinely and exercised in accordance with
NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems.
c) Tests of appropriate environmental pump room space conditions (e.g., heating,
ventilation, illumination) must be made to ensure proper manual or automatic operation of
the associated equipment.
d) Parallel and angular alignment of the pump and driver must be checked during the annual
test. Any misalignment must be corrected.
5.17.3.10 Test Results and Evaluation

a) The interpretation of the test results must be the basis of determination of performance of
the pump assembly.
b) Qualified individuals must make interpretation of the test results.
c) Theoretical factors for correction to the rated speed must not be applied where
determining the compliance of the pump per the test.
d) Increasing the engine speed beyond the rated speed of the pump at rated condition is not
an acceptable method for meeting the rated pump performance.
e) The fire pump assembly must be considered acceptable if either of the following
conditions is shown during the test:
 The test matches the initial unadjusted field acceptance test curve.
 The fire pump matches the performance characteristics as indicated on the pump
nameplate.
f) Degradation in excess of 5 percent of the pressure of the initial unadjusted acceptance

test curve or nameplate must require an investigation to reveal the cause of degraded
performance.
g) Current and voltage readings whose product does not exceed the product of the rated
voltage and rated full-load current multiplied by the permitted motor service factor must be
considered acceptable. Voltage readings at the motor within 5 percent below or 10
percent above the rated (i.e. nameplate) voltage must be considered acceptable.
5.17.3.11 Reports
a) Any abnormality observed during inspection or testing must be reported promptly to the
person responsible for correcting the abnormality.
b) Test results must be recorded and retained for comparison.
c) All time delay intervals associated with the pump’s starting, stopping, and energy source
transfer must be recorded.
a) A preventive maintenance program must be established on all components of the pump
assembly in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
b) Records must be maintained on all work performed on the pump, driver, controller, and
auxiliary equipment.
c) In the absence of manufacturer’s recommendations for preventive maintenance, Table 2
must be used for alternative requirements.
Page 53 of 57
company.
Table 2 - Summary of Fire Pump Inspection, Testing and Maintenance
Visual
Complete as Applicable Check Change Clean Test Frequency
Inspection
A. Pump System
1. Lubricate pump bearings x Annually
2. Check pump shaft end play x Annually
Check accuracy of pressure
3. x x Annually
gauges and sensors
Check pump coupling
4. x Annually
alignment
After each
5. Wet pit suction screens x x pump
operation
B. Mechanical Transmission
1. Lubricate coupling x Annually
Lubricate right-angle gear
2. x Annually
drive
C. Electrical System
Exercise isolating switch and
1. x Monthly
circuit breaker
Trip circuit breaker (if
2. x Annually
mechanism provided)
Operate manual starting Semi-
3. x
means (electrical) annually
Inspect and operate
4. emergency manual starting x x Annually
means (without power)
Tighten electrical connections
5. x Annually
as necessary
Lubricate mechanical moving
6. parts (excluding starters and x Annually
relays)
Calibrate pressure switch
7. x Annually
settings
8. Grease motor bearings x Annually
D. Diesel Engine System
1. Fuel
a) Tank level x x Weekly
b) Tank float switch x Weekly
c) Solenoid valve operation x Weekly
Strainer, filter, or dirt leg, or
d) x Quarterly
combination thereof
Water and foreign material in
e) x Annually
tank
f) Water in system X x Weekly
h) Flexible hoses and connectors x Weekly
Tank vents and overflow
i) x x Annually
piping unobstructed
j) Piping x Annually
2. Lubrication System
a) Oil level x x Weekly
b) Oil change x 50 hours or
Page 54 of 57
company.
Visual
Complete as Applicable Check Change Clean Test Frequency
Inspection
annually
50 hours or
c) Oil filter(s) x
annually
d) Lube oil heater x Weekly
e) Crankcase breather x x x Quarterly
3. Cooling System
a) Level x x Weekly
Semi-
b) Antifreeze protection level x
annually
c) Antifreeze x Annually
Adequate cooling water to
d) x Weekly
heat exchanger
e) Rod out heat exchanger x Annually
f) Water pump(s) x Weekly
Condition of flexible hoses
g) x x Weekly
and connection
h) Jacket water heater x Weekly
Inspect duct work, clean
i) x x x Annually
louvres (combustion air)
j) Water strainer x Quarterly
4. Exhaust System
a) Leakage x x Weekly
b) Drain condensate trap x Weekly
c) Insulation and fire hazards x Quarterly
d) Excessive back pressure x Quarterly
Exhaust system hangers &
e) x Annually
supports
Semi-
f) Flexible exhaust section x
annually
5. Battery System
a) Electrolyte level x Weekly
b) Terminals clean and tight x x Quarterly
Remove corrosion, case
c) x x Monthly
exterior clean and dry
Specific gravity or state of
d) x Monthly
charge
e) Charger and change rate x Monthly
f) Equalise charge x Monthly
6. Electrical System
a) General inspection x Weekly
Tighten control and power
b) x Annually
wiring connections
Wire chafing where subject to
c) x x Quarterly
movement
Operation of safe ties and Semi-
d) x x
alarms annually
Semi-
e) Boxes, panels, & cabinets x
annually
f) Circuit breakers or fuses x x Monthly
g) Circuit breakers or fuses x Bi-annually
d) The preventive maintenance program must be initiated immediately after the pump
assembly has passed acceptance tests.
Page 55 of 57
company.
6 REFERENCES
Quality Requirements For Suppliers Of Critical And Major Equipment
(GTS041)
NFPA 17 and 17A (National
Standard For Dry Chemical And Wet Extinguishing Systems
Fire Protection Association):
Fire Protection Standard for Fire Sprinkler, Deluge, Water and
Gaseous Suppression Systems
Fire Protection Standard for Vehicles and Moving Machines
Fire Protection Standard for Electrical Equipment and Installations
Fire Protection Standard for Buildings and Structures
Fire Protection Standard for Fire Fighting Equipment
Fire Protection Standard For Storage Facilities

Fire Protection Standards For Conveyors and Coal Transfer
Process For The Management Of SHE Risk (AA SSDP 2)
Procedure For Task Planning And Individual Risk Assessment (AA
SSDP 5)
Procedure For Site Project, Change Or Issue Risk Assessment (AA
SSDP 4)
Procedure For Baseline Or Full Site Risk Assessment (AA SSDP 3)
Guideline For Conducting A Risk Assessment Using WRAC (AA
SSDG 1)
Guideline For Conducting A Bow Tie Analysis (AA SSDG 2)
AMRS 2 - Fire Prevention and Management Standard (AA GTS 12)
FPA Bulletin 19
NFPA 10 Standard For Portable Fire Extinguishers
NFPA 170 Standard For Fire Safety Symbols
SABS 0400 TT29 & TT35 National Building Regulations
SABS 1186 Symbolic Signs
The Production Of Reconditioned Fire-Fighting Equipment: Portable
And Wheeled (Mobile) Rechargeable Fire Extinguishers (Formerly,
SABS 1475 : Part I
The Production Of Reconditioned Fire-Fighting Equipment: Portable
Rechargeable Fire Extinguishers)
The Use And Control Of Fire-Fighting Equipment (Formerly, The
SABS 0105 : Part I
Classification, Use, And Maintenance Of Portable Fire Extinguishers)
Standard For The Installation Of Standpipe And Hose Systems (Part
NFPA 14
WW)
Standard For The Installation Of Private Fire Service Mains And
NFPA 24
Their Appurtenances
Fire Fighting Equipment: Components Of Underground And Above-
SANS 1128 Part 1
Ground Hydrant Systems
Fire Fighting Equipment: Hose Couplings, Connectors And Branch
SABS 1128: Parts 2
Pipe And Nozzle Connections
NFPA 20 Standard For The Installation Of Stationary Pumps For Fire
Page 56 of 57
company.
Protection
SABS 0287 Automatic Sprinkler Installations For Fire-Fighting Purposes
Compliance Is Mandatory Only Where The Pumps Supply Sprinkler
ASIB
Systems, Upon Which Life Safety Depends
SABS 543 Fire Hose Reels
Standard For The Installation Of Foam-Water Sprinkler And Foam-
NFPA 16
Water Spray Systems
NFPA 1901 Standard For Automotive Fire Apparatus
Standard On Design Of And Design Verification Tests For Fire
NFPA 1931
Department Ground Ladders
NFPA 1961 Standard On Fire Hose
Standard On Open-Circuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus For
NFPA 1981
Fire And Emergency Services
SAE J348 Wheel Chocks
NFPA 72 National Alarm Code
Standard For The Inspection, Testing, And Maintenance Of Water
NFPA 25
Based Fire Protection Systems
Standard For The Care, Use And Service Testing Of Fire Hose
NFPA 1962
Including Coupling And Nozzles
NFPA 110 Standard For Emergency And Standby Power Systems
Hand Held Fire Extinguishers Fire Checklist
65 mm Hydrants And Related Equipment Checklist
25 mm Fire Hosereels Checklist
7 REVISION HISTORY
Version No. Reason for Change Date
00 New Document 01/08/2013
8 APPENDICES
Page 57 of 57
company.

Fire Protection Standard For Fire Fighting Equipment

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Fire Protection Standard For Fire Fighting Equipment

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THERMAL COAL

IMPLEMENTATION DATE 9/2/2013

HEAD OFFICE FIRE PROTECTION

AUTHORISATIONS NAME POSITION SIGNATURE DATE

AUTHOR Thomson, Andrew AATC Divisional

REVIEWED BY AATC Head Opencast

5.1 Hand-Held Fire Extinguishers 6

a) Hand-Held Fire Extinguishers

These terms refer to materials which are so composed or treated as to

In reality, the term ‘fire retardant’ is misleading, and project managers

5.2 65 mm Fire Hydrants and Related Equipment

a) Area hydrants should be positioned on a 90 m x 90 m grid. By ‘area hydrants’ is meant

5.3 Fire Fighting Water Supply and Fire Pumps

 Adequate emergency diesel powered generating capacity is installed at the plant to

5.3.2 Relevant Standards, Codes of Practice and References

5.4 25 mm Fire Hosereels

5.5 Foam Trolleys

Foam trolleys should meet the following requirements:

5.6 Various Types of Fire Engines and their Application

5.6.1.1 Initial attack fire appliances

5.6.1.2 Pumper Fire Appliances

5.6.1.3 Mobile Water-Supply Fire Appliances

5.7 Initial Attack Fire Appliances

5.7.1.1 Fire Pump

5.7.1.2 Water Tank

5.7.1.3 Equipment Storage

5.7.1.4 Hose Storage

5.7.1.5 Other Main Equipment

5.7.1.6 Minor Equipment

a) Fire Hose and Nozzles

5.8 Emergency and Standby Generator Installations on Surface

a) Ideally, standby and emergency generator installations will be housed separately in a

c) Provide a minimum of 2 x 9 kg hand-held DCP fire extinguishers at the generator room,

5.9 Mobile Water-Supply Fire Appliances

5.9.1.2 Water Tank

5.9.1.3 Equipment Storage

5.9.1.4 Hose Storage

5.9.1.5 Suction Hose

5.9.1.6 Minor Equipment

a) Fire Hose and Nozzles

 One first aid kit

5.9.1.7 Water Bowser in lieu of a Mobile Water Supply Fire Appliance

5.10 Pumper Fire Appliances

5.10.1.1 Fire Pump

5.10.1.2 Water Tank

5.10.1.3 Equipment Storage

5.10.1.4 Hose Storage

5.10.1.5 Other Main Equipment

a) Fire Hose and Nozzles

5.11 Fire and Fire Equipment Training

 An adequate supply of foam concentrate as well as foam generators and applicators,

5.12 Installation and Maintenance of Hand Held Portable Fire Extinguishers

Number of CO2 DCP

Number of CO2 DCP

Table 2 – Fire Extinguisher Service Intervals

Minor Major Pressure Test

Mild steel Cartridge NA 1 3

Water Mild steel Cartridge NA 1 5

Stainless steel Stored pressure 1 5 5

Foam Mild steel Stored pressure NA 1 5

Stainless steel Stored pressure 1 5 5

CO2 - Stored pressure 1 5 5

Mild steel Stored pressure 1 5 5