Exam 4 Review (Chapters 8, 9, 10)

Keep in mind that while I have supplied you with a great number of
practice problems, you should not use this review packet and/or my review
session as you sole studying for this exam. I will work through a select
number of the problems provided, but I will not get to all of them. If I
so choose to provide the answers to the remaining questions, it will be at
my discretion. All of these questions come from online sources and should
be easily attainable.

SI Times
M 4:00pm @ BA1 225
W 9:30am @ BA1 221
F 9:30am @ HEC 103
F 1:30pm @ BA2 208

THIS PACKET WILL BE REVIEWED APRIL 14th 5:00pm-7:00pm @ CB2 206.

Good luck!
Chapter 8 Periodic Properties of the Elements
1) Give the ground state electron configuration for Se.
A) [Ar]4s23d104p4
B) [Ar]4s24d104p4
C) [Ar]4s23d104p6
D) [Ar]4s23d10
E) [Ar]3d104p4

2) Give the ground state electron configuration for I.

A) [Kr]5s24d105p6
B) [Kr]5s24d105p5
C) [Kr]4d105p6
D) [Kr]5s25p6
E) [Kr]5s25d105p6

3) Give the ground state electron configuration for Sr.

A) [Kr]5s24d2
B) [Kr]5s24d105p2
C) [Kr]5s2
D) [Kr]5s25d105p2
E) [Kr]5s24d10

4) Give the ground state electron configuration for Pb.

A) [Xe]6s26p2
B) [Xe]6s25d106p2
C) [Xe]6s25f146d106p2
D) [Xe]6s24f145d106p2
E) [Xe]6s25f145d106p2

5) Give the ground state electron configuration for Cd.

A) [Kr]5s25d10
B) [Kr]5s24d105p2
C) [Kr]4d10
D) [Kr]5s24d8
E) [Kr]5s24d10
 6) Give the ground state electron configuration for Br⁻ .
A) [Ar]4s23d104p6
B) [Ar]4s23d104p5
C) [Ar]4s24p6
D) [Ar]4s24d104p6
E) [Ar]4s23d104p4

7) Give the ground state electron configuration for Mg2⁺ .

A) 1s22s22p63s2
B) 1s22s22p6
C) 1s22s22p63s23p2
D) 1s22s22p63s23p6
E) 1s22s22p63s1

8) Give the ground state electron configuration for Rb⁺ .

A) [Ar]4s24p6
B) [Kr]5s1
C) [Ar]4s23d104p6
D) [Kr]5s2
E) [Kr]5s24d2

9) Give the ground state electron configuration for Se 2⁻ .

A) [Ar]4s23d104p4
B) [Ar]4s23d104p2
C) [Ar]4s24p6
D) [Ar]4s23d104p6
E) [Ar]4s23d84p6

10) Give the ground state electron configuration for the ion of Ba.
A) [Kr]5s25p6
B) [Kr]5s24d105p66s26p2
C) [Kr]5s24d105p66s1
D) [Kr]5s24d105p66s2
E) [Kr]5s24d105p6
11) Choose the orbital diagram that represents the ground state of N.
A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

12) Choose the valence orbital diagram that represents the ground state of Zn.
A)

B)

C)

D)

E)
13) Choose the valence orbital diagram that represents the ground state of Sr 2⁺ .
A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

14) Choose the valence orbital diagram that represents the ground state of Se 2⁻ .
A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

15) Write out the orbital diagram that represents the ground state of As. How many unpaired electrons are
there?
A) 0
B) 4
C) 3
D) 2
E) 1
16) Choose the ground state electron configuration for Ti2⁺ .
A) [Ar]3d2
B) [Ar]4s2
C) [Ar]4s23d2
D) [Ar]4s23d4
E) [Ar]3d4

17) Choose the ground state electron configuration for Zn2⁺ .

A) [Ar]4s23d8
B) [Ar]3d10
C) [Ar]4s23d6
D) [Ar]
E) [Ar]3d8

18) Choose the ground state electron configuration for Zr2⁺ .

A) [Kr]5s2
B) [Kr]5s24d2
C) [Kr]4d2
D) [Kr]
E) [Kr]5s24d4

19) Choose the ground state electron configuration for Cr 3⁺ .

A) [Ar]4s13d2
B) [Ar]
C) [Ar]4s23d6
D) [Ar]3d3
E) [Ar]4s23d1

20) Choose the paramagnetic species from below.

A) Ca
B) O2⁻
C) Cd2⁺
D) Zn
E) Nb3⁺

21) Choose the diamagnetic species from below.

A) Sn2⁺
B) Br
C) P
D) Cr
E) None of the above are diamagnetic.
22) Choose the paramagnetic species from below.
A) Ti4⁺
B) O
C) Ar
D) All of the above are paramagnetic.
E) None of the above are paramagnetic.

23) How many of the following species are paramagnetic?

Sc3⁺ Br⁻ Mg2⁺ Se

A) 0
B) 2
C) 1
D) 4
E) 3

24) How many of the following species are diamagnetic?

Cs Zr2⁺ Al3⁺ Hg2⁺

A) 1
B) 3
C) 0
D) 2
E) 4

25) Give the set of four quantum numbers that represent the last electron added (using the Aufbau principle) to
the Cl atom.
A) 1
n = 3, l = 1, ml = 1, ms = +
2
B) 1
n = 3, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = -
2
C) 1
n = 3, l = 1, ml =0 , ms = +
2
D) 1
n = 2, l = 1, ml = 0, ms = -
2
E) 1
n = 3, l =1 , ml = 0, ms = -
2
26) Give the set of four quantum numbers that represent the last electron added (using the Aufbau principle) to
the Sr atom.
A) 1
n = 5, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = -
2
B) 1
n = 4, l = 1, ml = 1, ms = -
2
C) 1
n = 5, l = 1, ml = 0, ms = +
2
D) 1
n = 4, l = 1, ml = -1, ms = +
2
E) 1
n = 5, l = 1, ml =1 , ms = -
2

27) Give the set of four quantum numbers that represent the last electron added (using the Aufbau principle) to
the Zn atom.
A) 1
n = 4, l = 3, ml = 3, ms = -
2
B) 1
n = 3, l = 2, ml = 2, ms = -
2
C) 1
n = 3, l = 1, ml = 1, ms = +
2
D) 1
n = 3, l = 3, ml = 2, ms = -
2
E) 1
n = 3, l = 2, ml = 0, ms = +
2

28) Give the set of four quantum numbers that represent the electron gained to form the Br ION from the Br
atom.
A) 1
n = 4, l = 2, ml = 1, ms = -
2
B) 1
n = 4, l = 0, ml = 1, ms = +
2
C) 1
n = 4, l = 1, ml = 1, ms = -
2
D) 1
n = 3, l = 2, ml = 2, ms = +
2
E) 1
n = 4, l = 1, ml =-1 , ms = +
2
29) Give the set of four quantum numbers that represent the electron lost to form the K ION from the K atom.
A) 1
n = 3, l = 1, ml = 1, ms = -
2
B) 1
n = 4, l = 1, ml = 1, ms = +
2
C) 1
n = 4, l = 4, ml = 0, ms = -
2
D) 1
n = 4, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = +
2
E) 1
n = 3, l = 0, ml = 1, ms = +
2

30) Give the set of four quantum numbers that represent the electron lost to form the Rb ION from the Rb atom.
A) 1
n = 5, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = -
2
B) 1
n = 4, l = 1, ml = 1, ms = -
2
C) 1
n = 5, l = 1, ml = 0, ms = +
2
D) 1
n = 4, l = 1, ml = 0, ms = -
2
E) 1
n = 5, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = +
2

31) Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) An orbital that penetrates into the region occupied by core electrons is less shielded from nuclear
charge than an orbital that does not penetrate and therefore has a lower energy.
B) An orbital that penetrates into the region occupied by core electrons is more shielded from nuclear
charge than an orbital that does not penetrate and therefore has a lower energy.
C) It is possible for two electrons in the same atom to have identical values for all four quantum numbers.
D) Two electrons in the same orbital can have the same spin.
E) None of the above are true.

32) How many unpaired electrons are present in the ground state P atom?
A) 0
B) 3
C) 1
D) 2
E) 4

33) How many unpaired electrons are present in the ground state Kr atom?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 0
D) 3
E) 5
34) How many unpaired electrons are present in the ground state Ge atom?
A) 0
B) 3
C) 1
D) 2
E) 4

35) How many valence electrons does an atom of S have?

A) 3
B) 1
C) 2
D) 4
E) 6

36) How many valence electrons does an atom of Ba possess?

A) 2
B) 1
C) 8
D) 6
E) 3

37) How many valence electrons does an atom of Ti possess?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
E) 0

38) How many valence electrons does an atom of Cu possess?

A) 2
B) 9
C) 11
D) 3
E) 1

39) How many valence electrons does an atom of Al possess?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 5
D) 3
E) 8
40) How many valence electrons do the halogens possess?
A) 5
B) 6
C) 2
D) 1
E) 7

41) How many valence electrons do the alkali metals possess?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 7
D) 6
E) 8

42) Choose the statement that is TRUE.

A) Outer electrons efficiently shield one another from nuclear charge.
B) Core electrons efficiently shield outer electrons from nuclear charge.
C) Valence electrons are most difficult of all electrons to remove.
D) Core electrons are the easiest of all electrons to remove.
E) All of the above are true.

43) Place the following elements in order of increasing atomic radius.

P Ba Cl

A) Ba < P < Cl
B) P < Cl < Ba
C) Cl < P < Ba
D) Cl < Ba < P
E) Ba < Cl < P

44) Place the following elements in order of decreasing atomic radius.

Xe Rb Ar

A) Ar > Xe > Rb
B) Xe > Rb > Ar
C) Ar > Rb > Xe
D) Rb > Xe > Ar
E) Rb > Ar > Xe
45) Place the following in order of increasing atomic radius.

As O Br

A) As < Br < O
B) O < As < Br
C) Br < As < O
D) As < O < Br
E) O < Br < As

46) Place the following in order of increasing radius.

Ca2⁺ S2⁻ Cl⁻

A) Ca2⁺ < Cl⁻ < S2 ⁻

B) Cl⁻ < Ca2⁺ < S2⁻
C) S2⁻ < Cl⁻ < Ca2⁺
D) Ca2⁺ < S2⁻ < Cl⁻
E) Cl⁻ < S2⁻ < Ca2⁺

47) Place the following in order of increasing radius.

Br⁻ Na⁺ Rb⁺

A) Br⁻ < Rb⁺ < Na⁺

B) Na⁺ < Rb⁺ < Br⁻
C) Rb⁺ < Br⁻ < Na⁺
D) Br⁻ < Na⁺ < Rb⁺
E) Rb⁺ < Na⁺ < Br⁻

48) Place the following in order of decreasing radius.

Te2⁻ F⁻ O2⁻

A) F⁻ > O2⁻ > Te2⁻

B) F⁻ > Te2⁻ > O2⁻
C) Te2⁻ > O2⁻ > F⁻
D) Te2⁻ > F⁻ > O2⁻
E) O2⁻ > F⁻ > Te2⁻

49) Which reaction below represents the first ionization of O?

A) O⁺ (g) + e⁻ → O(g)
B) O(g) + e⁻ → O⁻ (g)
C) O⁻ (g) → O(g) + e⁻
D) O(g) → O⁺ (g) + e⁻
E) O⁻ (g) + e⁻ → O2⁻ (g)
50) Which reaction below represents the second ionization of Sr?
A) Sr(g) → Sr⁺ (g) + e⁻
B) Sr2⁺ (g) + e⁻ → Sr⁺ (g)
C) Sr⁺ (g) + e⁻ → Sr(g)
D) Sr⁻ (g) + e⁻ → Sr2⁻ (g)
E) Sr⁺ (g) → Sr2⁺ (g) + e⁻

51) What period 3 element is described by the following ionization energies (all in kJ/mol)?

IE1 = 1012 IE2 = 1900 IE3= 2910 IE4= 4960 IE5= 6270 IE6 = 22,200

A) Si
B) S
C) P
D) Cl
E) Mg

52) Which reaction below represents the electron affinity of Li?

A) Li(g) + e⁻ → Li⁻ (g)
B) Li(g) → Li⁺ (g) + e⁻
C) Li(g) + e⁻ → Li⁺ (g)
D) Li⁺ (g) → Li(g) + e⁻
E) Li⁺ (g) + e⁻ → Li(g)

53) Which reaction below represents the second electron affinity of S?

A) S(g) + e⁻ → S⁻ (g)
B) S⁻ (g) + e⁻ → S2⁻ (g)
C) S(g) → S⁺ (g) + e⁻
D) S⁻ (g) → S(g) + e⁻
E) S2⁻ (g) → S⁻ (g) + e⁻

54) Place the following in order of increasing IE1.

N F As

A) N < As < F
B) As < N < F
C) F < N < As
D) As < F < N
E) F < N < As
55) Place the following in order of decreasing IE1.

Cs Mg Ar

A) Cs > Mg > Ar
B) Mg > Ar > Cs
C) Ar > Mg > Cs
D) Cs > Ar > Mg
E) Mg > Cs > Ar

56) Place the following in order of increasing IE1.

K Ca Rb

A) Ca < K < Rb
B) Rb < Ca < K
C) Ca < Rb < K
D) Rb < K < Ca
E) K < Ca < Rb

57) Place the following in order of decreasing metallic character.

P As K

A) P > As > K
B) As > P > K
C) K > P > As
D) As > K > P
E) K > As > P

58) Place the following in order of increasing metallic character.

Br Cs Se

A) Br < Se < Cs
B) Se < Br < Cs
C) Cs < Br < Se
D) Cs < Se < Br
E) Br < Cs < Se

59) Why is the first ionization energy of sulfur smaller than the first ionization energy of phosphorus?

60) Why do Li, Na, and K have similar chemical properties?

 61) Why does the size of the transition elements stay roughly the same as you move across a period?

62) Below is a list of successive ionization energies (in kJ/mol) for a period 3 element. Identify the element and
explain how you came to that conclusion.

IE2 = 2250 IE3 = 3360 IE4= 4560 IE5= 7010 IE6= 8500 IE7 = 27,100

63) Why do successive ionization energies increase?

Match the following.

64) valence electrons A) 1

65) core electrons B) number of unpaired electrons in Zn2+

66) 0 C) 2

67) number of unpaired electrons in Ti 2+ D) electrons in the outermost shell

68) number of unpaired electrons in Na E) electrons in completed shells

64) 65) 66) 67) 68)

Chapter 9 Chemical Bonding I: Lewis Theory
1) Which of the following represent the Lewis structure for N?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

2) Which of the following represent the Lewis structure for Cl?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

3) Which of the following represent the Lewis structure for Mg?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

4) Which of the following represent the Lewis structure for Br⁻ ?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

5) Which of the following represent the Lewis structure for Ca2⁺ ?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
 6) Which of the following represent the Lewis structure for S 2⁻ ?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

7) Use Lewis theory to determine the chemical formula for the compound formed between Ca and N.
A) CaN
B) Ca3N2
C) CaN2
D) Ca2N
E) Ca2N3

8) Use Lewis theory to determine the chemical formula for the compound formed between Rb and S.
A) RbS
B) RbS2
C) Rb2S
D) Rb2S3
E) Rb3S2

9) Use Lewis theory to determine the chemical formula for the compound formed between Mg and Br.
A) MgBr
B) Mg2Br3
C) Mg3Br2
D) MgBr2
E) Mg2Br

10) Use Lewis theory to determine the chemical formula for the compound formed between Al and O.
A) Al3O2
B) Al2O3
C) AlO2
D) Al2O
E) AlO

11) Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) A covalent bond is formed through the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
B) A pair of electrons involved in a covalent bond are sometimes referred to as "lone pairs."
C) It is not possible for two atoms to share more than 2 electrons.
D) Single bonds are shorter than double bonds.
E) A covalent bond has a lower potential energy than the two separate atoms.
12) Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) An ionic bond is much stronger than most covalent bonds.
B) An ionic bond is formed through the sharing of electrons.
C) Ionic compounds at room temperature typically conduct electricity.
D) Once dissolved in water, ionic compounds rarely conduct electricity.
E) None of the above are true.

13) Which of the following reactions represent the lattice energy of Li2O (H°latt)?
A) Li2O(s) → 2 Li⁺ (g) + O2⁻ (g)
B) 2 Li⁺ (aq) + O2⁻ (aq) → Li2O(s)
C) 2 Li⁺ (g) + O2⁻ (g) → Li2O(s)
D) Li2O(s) → 2 Li⁺ (aq) + O2⁻ (aq)
E)
2 Li(s) + O2(g) → Li2O(s)

14) Which of the following reactions represent the lattice energy of CaS (H°latt)?
A) Ca(s) + S(s) → CaS(s)
B) CaS(s) → Ca(s) + S(s)
C) Ca2⁺ (aq) + S2⁻ (aq) → CaS(s)
D) Ca2⁺ (g) + S2⁻ (g) → CaS(s)
E) CaS(s) → Ca2⁺ (aq) + S2⁻ (aq)

15) Which of the following reactions represent the lattice energy of RbI (H°latt)?
A) 1
Rb(s) +I2(g) → RbI(s)
2
B) RbI(s) → Rb⁺ (g) + I⁻ (g)
C)
RbI(s) → Rb(s) + I2(g)
D) RbI(s) → Rb⁺ (aq) + I⁻ (aq)
E) Rb⁺ (g) + I⁻ (g) → RbI(s)

16) Place the following in order of decreasing magnitude of lattice energy.

K2O Rb2S Li2O

A) Li2O > K2O > Rb2S

B) Li2O > Rb2S > K2O
C) Rb2S > K2O > Li2O
D) Rb2S > Li2O > K2O
E) K2O > Li2O > Rb2S
17) Place the following in order of decreasing magnitude of lattice energy.

NaF RbBr KCl

A) RbBr > NaF > KCl

B) NaF > KCl > RbBr
C) KCl > NaF > RbBr
D) NaF > RbBr > KCl
E) RbBr > KCl > NaF

18) Place the following in order of increasing magnitude of lattice energy.

CaO MgO SrS

A) MgO < CaO < SrS

B) SrS < MgO < CaO
C) SrS < CaO < MgO
D) CaO < MgO < SrS
E) CaO < SrS < MgO

19) Place the following in order of increasing magnitude of lattice energy.

MgO LiI CaS

A) CaS < MgO < LiI

B) LiI < CaS < MgO
C) MgO < CaS < LiI
D) LiI < MgO < CaS
E) MgO < LiI < CaS

20) Place the following in order of decreasing magnitude of lattice energy.

KF MgS RbI

A) RbI > KF > MgS

B) RbI > MgS > KF
C) MgS > RbI > KF
D) KF > RbI > MgS
E) MgS > KF > RbI

21) Choose the compound below that should have the highest melting point according to the ionic bonding
model.
A) AlN
B) MgO
C) NaF
D) CaS
E) RbI
22) Choose the compound below that should have the highest melting point according to the ionic bonding
model.
A) SrI2
B) MgF2
C) CaCl2
D) SrF2
E) SrBr2

23) Choose the compound below that should have the lowest melting point according to the ionic bonding
model.
A) LiF
B) NaCl
C) CsI
D) KBr
E) RbI

24) Place the following elements in order of increasing electronegativity.

K Cs P

A) P < K < Cs
B) K < P < Cs
C) Cs < P < K
D) Cs < K < P
E) P < Cs < K

25) Place the following elements in order of decreasing electronegativity.

S Cl Se
A) Se > S > Cl
B) Cl > Se > S
C) Se > Cl > S
D) S > Cl > Se
E) Cl > S > Se

26) Place the following elements in order of increasing electronegativity.

Sr N Na

A) Sr < Na < N
B) Na < N < Sr
C) Sr < N < Na
D) N < Sr < Na
E) N < Na < Sr
27) Choose the bond below that is most polar.
A) C-N
B) C-F
C) C-O
D) C-C
E) F-F

28) Choose the bond below that is most polar.

A) H-I
B) H-Br
C) H-F
D) H-Cl
E) C-H

29) Choose the bond below that is least polar.

A) P-F
B) C-Br
C) C-F
D) C-I
E) C-Cl

30) Using periodic trends, place the following bonds in order of increasing ionic character.

S-F Se-F O-F

A) Se-F < S-F < O-F

B) S-F < Se-F < O-F
C) O-F < Se-F < S-F
D) Se-F < O-F < S-F
E) O-F < S-F < Se-F

31) Using periodic trends, place the following bonds in order of decreasing ionic character.

Sb-Cl P-Cl As-Cl

A) Sb-Cl > As-Cl > P-Cl

B) As-Cl > Sb-Cl > P-Cl
C) Sb-Cl > P-Cl > As-Cl
D) P-Cl > As-Cl > Sb-Cl
E) Sb-Cl > P-Cl > As-Cl
32) Using periodic trends, place the following bonds in order of increasing ionic character.

Si-P Si-Cl Si-S

A) Si-P < Si-Cl < Si-S

B) Si-P < Si-S < Si-Cl
C) Si-S < Si-Cl < Si-P
D) Si-Cl < Si-P < Si-S
E) Si-Cl < Si-S < Si-P

33) Which molecule or compound below contains a pure covalent bond?

A) Li2CO3
B) SCl6
C) Cl2
D) PF3
E) NaCl

34) Which molecule or compound below contains a polar covalent bond?

A) C2H4
B) ZnS
C) LiI
D) NCl3
E) AgCl

35) Which molecule or compound below contains an ionic bond?

A) CO2
B) C2Cl4
C) SiF4
D) OCl2
E) NH4NO3

36) Which of the following elements can form compounds with an expanded octet?
A) Se
B) C
C) Li
D) F
E) All of the above elements can form compounds with an expanded octet.

37) Which of the following elements can form compounds with an expanded octet?
A) N
B) Br
C) F
D) Be
E) None of the above can form compounds with an expanded octet.
38) How many of the following elements can form compounds with an expanded octet?

I O Cl Xe

A) 2
B) 0
C) 3
D) 1
E) 4

39) How many of the following elements can form compounds with an expanded octet?

Pb Kr Si B

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4

40) Choose the bond below that is the strongest.

A) C-F
B) C=O
C) C-I
D) I-I
E) C≡N

41) Choose the bond below that is the strongest.

A) N=O
B) N-I
C) N-O
D) N-S
E) N=N

42) Choose the bond below that is the weakest.

A) Na-Cl
B) I-I
C) C=N
D) Li-F
E) C=O

43) Choose the bond below that is the weakest.

A) C≡O
B) N≡N
C) C-I
D) C=S
E) K-Cl
44) Place the following in order of increasing bond length.

C-F C-S C-Cl

A) C-S < C-Cl < C-F

B) C-Cl < C-F < C-S
C) C-F < C-S < C-Cl
D) C-F < C-Cl < C-S
E) C-S < C-F < C-Cl

45) Place the following in order of decreasing bond length.

H-F H-I H-Br

A) H-F > H-Br > H-I

B) H-I > H-F > H-Br
C) H-I > H-Br > H-F
D) H-Br > H-F > H-I
E) H-F > H-I > H-Br

46) Place the following in order of decreasing XO bond length, where "X" represents the central atom in each of
the following compounds or ions.

SiO32⁻ CO2 CO32⁻

A) CO2 > SiO32⁻ > CO32⁻

B) CO2 > CO32⁻ > SiO32⁻
C) CO32⁻ > CO2 > SiO32⁻
D) CO32⁻ > SiO32⁻ > CO2
E) SiO32⁻ > CO32⁻ > CO2

47) Place the following in order of increasing NO bond length.

NO2⁻ NO3⁻ NO

A) NO < NO2⁻ < NO3⁻

B) NO2⁻ < NO3⁻ < NO
C) NO3⁻ < NO < NO2⁻
D) NO < NO3⁻ < NO2⁻
E) NO3⁻ < NO2⁻ < NO
48) Use the bond energies provided to estimate H°rxn for the reaction below.

PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) → PCl5(l) H°rxn= ?

Bond Bond Energy (kJ/mol)
Cl-Cl 243
P-Cl 331

A) -243 kJ
B) -419 kJ
C) -662 kJ
D) -67 kJ
E) -905 kJ

49) Use the bond energies provided to estimate H°rxn for the reaction below.

2 Br2(l) + C2H2(g) → C2H2Br4(l) H°rxn= ?

Bond Bond Energy (kJ/mol)
Br-Br 193
C≡C 837
C-C 347
C-Br 276
C-H 414

A) +407 kJ
B) -324 kJ
C) -228 kJ
D) +573 kJ
E) -648 kJ

50) Use the bond energies provided to estimate H°rxn for the reaction below.

CH3OH(l) + 2 O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2 H2O(g)

H°rxn= ?
Bond Bond Energy (kJ/mol)
C-H 414
C-O 360
C=O 799
O=O 498
O-H 464

A) +473 kJ
B) -91 kJ
C) -486 kJ
D) -392 kJ
E) +206 kJ
51) Use the bond energies provided to estimate H°rxn for the reaction below.

XeF2 + 2 F2 → XeF6 H°rxn= ?

Bond Bond Energy (kJ/mol)
Xe-F 147
F-F 159

A) -429 kJ
B) +159 kJ
C) -660 kJ
D) +176 kJ
E) -270 kJ

52) Use the bond energies provided to estimate H°rxn for the reaction below.

C2H4(g) + H2(g) → C2H6(g)

H°rxn= ?
Bond Bond Energy (kJ/mol)
C-C 347
C-H 414
C=C 611
C≡C 837
H-H 436

A) -128 kJ
B) +98 kJ
C) +700 kJ
D) -102 kJ
E) -166 kJ

53) Use the data given below to construct a Born-Haber cycle to determine the lattice energy of CaO.

H°(kJ)
Ca(s) → Ca(g) 193
Ca(g) → Ca⁺ (g) + e⁻ 590
Ca⁺ (g) → Ca2⁺ (g) + e⁻ 1010
2 O(g) → O2(g) -498
O(g) + e⁻ → O⁻ (g) -141
O⁻ (g) + e⁻ → O2⁻ (g) 878
1
Ca(s) + O2(g) → CaO(s) -635
2
A) -3414 kJ
B) +1397 kJ
C) -2667 kJ
D) +3028 kJ
E) -2144 kJ
54) Use the data given below to construct a Born-Haber cycle to determine the electron affinity of Br.

H°(kJ)
K(s) → K(g) 89
K(g) → K⁺ (g) + e⁻ 419
Br2(l) → 2 Br(g) 193
1
K(s) + Br2(g) → KBr (s) -394
2
KBr(s) → K⁺ (g) + Br⁻ (g) 674

A) -885 kJ
B) -325 kJ
C) +367 kJ
D) -464 kJ
E) +246 kJ

55) Use the data given below to construct a Born-Haber cycle to determine the heat of formation of KCl.

H°(kJ)
K(s) → K(g) 89
K(g) → K⁺ (g) + e⁻ 418
Cl2(g) → 2 Cl(g) 244
Cl(g) + e⁻ → Cl⁻ (g) -349
KCl(s) → K⁺ (g) + Cl⁻ (g) 717

A) -1119 kJ
B) -997 kJ
C) -437 kJ
D) +631 kJ
E) +158 kJ

56) Use the data given below to construct a Born-Haber cycle to determine the bond energy of O2.

H°(kJ)
Na(s) → Na(g) 107
Na(g) → Na⁺ (g) + e⁻ 496
O(g) + e⁻ → O⁻ (g) -141
O⁻ (g) + e⁻ → O2⁻ (g) 878
1
2 Na(s) + O2(g) → Na2O(s) -416
2
2 Na⁺ (g) + O2⁻ (g) → Na2O(s) -2608

A) 426 kJ
B) 249 kJ
C) 852 kJ
D) 498 kJ
E) 356 kJ
57) Use the data given below to construct a Born-Haber cycle to determine the second ionization energy of Ca.

H°(kJ)
Ca(s) → Ca(g) 193
Ca(g) → Ca⁺ (g) + e⁻ 590.
2 O(g) → O2(g) -498
O(g) + e⁻ → O⁻ (g) -141
O⁻ (g) + e⁻ → O2⁻ (g) 878
1
Ca(s) + O2(g) → CaO(s) -635
2
Ca2⁺ (g) + O2⁻ (g) → CaO(s) -3414

A) 1010 kJ
B) 1757 kJ
C) 1508 kJ
D) -3027 kJ
E) -1514 kJ

58) Which of the following processes are exothermic?

A) Cl2(g) → 2Cl(g)
B) Br(g) + e⁻ → Br⁻ (g)
C) Li(s) → Li(g)
D) NaF(s) → Na⁺ (g) + F⁻ (g)
E) None of the above are exothermic.

59) Which of the following processes are exothermic?

A) the second ionization energy of Mg.
B) the sublimation of Li.
C) the bond energy of I2
D) the heat of formation of NaBr.
E) None of the above are exothermic.

60) Which of the following processes are endothermic?

A) K⁺ (g) + I⁻ (g) → KI(s)
B) 2 Br(g) → Br2(g)
C) Ca(s) → Ca(g)
D) None of the above are endothermic.

61) Which of the following processes are endothermic?

A) the lattice energy of LiCl
B) the ionization energy of potassium
C) the heat of formation of CaS
D) the formation of an F-F bond from two separate F atoms.
E) None of the above are endothermic.
62) Draw the Lewis structure for SO42⁻ . How many equivalent resonance structures can be drawn?
A) 6
B) 2
C) 4
D) 3
E) 8

63) Draw the Lewis structure for NO2⁻ including any valid resonance structures. Which of the following
statements is TRUE?
A) The nitrite ion contains one N-O single bond and one N=O double bond.
B) 1
The nitrite ion contains two N-O bonds that are equivalent to 1 bonds.
2
C) The nitrite ion contains two N=O double bonds.
D) The nitrite ion contains two N-O single bonds.
E) None of the above are true.

64) Draw the Lewis structure for PO3⁻ including any valid resonance structures. Which of the following
statements is TRUE?
A) The PO3⁻ ion contains one P-O single bond and two P=O double bonds.
B) The PO3⁻ ion contains two P-O single bonds and one P=O double bonds
C) 2
The PO3⁻ ion contains three identical bonds, all equivalent to 1
bonds.
3
D) The PO3⁻ ion contains two P-O single bonds and one P≡O triple bond.
E) None of the above are true.

65) Which of the following resonance structures for OCN⁻ will contribute most to the correct structure of
OCN⁻ ?
A) O(2 lp)=C=N(2 lp)
B) O(1 lp)≡C-N(3 lp)
C) O(1 lp)=C(2 lp)=N(1 lp)
D) image of ...O(with 3 lone pair)-C≡N(with 1 lone pair)
E) They all contribute equally to the correct structure of OCN⁻ .

66) Using Lewis structures and formal charge, which of the following ions is most stable?

OCN⁻ ONC⁻ NOC⁻

A) OCN⁻
B) ONC⁻
C) NOC⁻
D) None of these ions are stable according to Lewis theory.
E) All of these compounds are equally stable according to Lewis theory.
67) Draw the best Lewis structure for Cl3⁻ . What is the formal charge on the central Cl atom?
A) -1
B) 0
C) +1
D) +2
E) -2

68) Draw the best Lewis structure for the free radical, NO2. What is the formal charge on the N?
A) 0
B) +1
C) -1
D) +2
E) -2

69) Draw the best Lewis structure for BrO4⁻ and determine the formal charge on bromine and one of the
oxygen atoms.
A) -1
B) +1
C) 0
D) +2
E) +3

70) Choose the best Lewis structure for BeF2.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

71) Choose the best Lewis structure for OCl2.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
72) Choose the best Lewis structure for CH2Cl2.
A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

73) Choose the best Lewis structure for XeI2.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

74) Choose the best Lewis structure for ICl5.

A)

B)

C)

D)
 E)

75) Choose the best Lewis structure for SF4.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)
76) Choose the best Lewis structure for BF3.
A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

77) Choose the best Lewis structure for NO3⁻ .

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)
78) Choose the best Lewis structure for SO32⁻ .
A)

B)

C)

D)

E)
79) Choose the best Lewis structure for PO33⁻ .
A)

B)

C)

D)

E)
80) Choose the best Lewis structure for SeO42⁻ .
A)

B)

C)

D)

E)
81) Choose the best Lewis structure for NH4⁺ .
A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

82) Draw the Lewis structure for BrO3⁻ . Make sure to include any important resonance structures.

83) Describe the difference between a pure covalent bond and a polar covalent bond.

84) Draw the Lewis structure for the acetate ion, CH3CO2⁻ , including any important resonance structures.
Label each atom with its formal charge.
 85) Explain why the lattice energy of MgS is approximately 4 times larger than that of NaCl.

86) How are electron affinity and electronegativity different?

Match the following.

87) Se-I A) C-F

88) C=N B) highest melting point

89) Cs-I C) strongest covalent bond

90) Ca-O D) metallic bond

91) Sr-Sr E) Na-Br

F) weakest ionic bond

G) longest covalent bond

87) 88) 89) 90) 91)

Chapter 10 Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes, Valance Bond Theory,
and Molecular Orbital Theory
1) Determine the electron geometry (eg) and molecular geometry(mg) of BCl 3.
A) eg=trigonal planar, mg=trigonal planar
B) eg=tetrahedral, mg=trigonal planar
C) eg=tetrahedral, mg=trigonal pyramidal
D) eg=trigonal planar, mg=bent
E) eg=trigonal bipyramidal, mg= trigonal bipyramidal

2) Determine the electron geometry (eg), molecular geometry (mg), and polarity of SO 2.
A) eg=tetrahedral, mg=bent, polar
B) eg=trigonal planar, mg=bent, polar
C) eg=linear, mg=linear, nonpolar
D) eg=tetrahedral, mg=tetrahedral, nonpolar
E) eg=trigonal pyramidal, mg=trigonal pyramidal, polar

3) Determine the electron geometry (eg), molecular geometry (mg), and polarity of SO3.
A) eg=tetrahedral, mg=trigonal pyramidal, polar
B) eg=tetrahedral, mg=tetrahedral, nonpolar
C) eg=trigonal planar, mg=trigonal planar, nonpolar
D) eg= trigonal bipyramidal, mg=trigonal planar, polar
E) eg=trigonal pyramidal, mg=bent, nonpolar

4) Determine the electron geometry (eg) and molecular geometry (mg) of CO32⁻ .
A) eg=tetrahedral, mg=tetrahedral
B) eg=tetrahedral, mg=trigonal pyramidal
C) eg=trigonal planar, mg=bent
D) eg=trigonal planar, mg=trigonal planar
E) eg=tetrahedral, mg=trigonal planar

5) Determine the electron geometry (eg) and molecular geometry (mg) of SiF 4.
A) eg=tetrahedral, mg=trigonal pyramidal
B) eg=octahedral, mg=square planar
C) eg=trigonal bipyramidal, mg=trigonal pyramidal
D) eg=tetrahedral, mg=bent
E) eg=tetrahedral, mg=tetrahedral
 6) Determine the electron geometry (eg) and molecular geometry (mg) of PF5.
A) eg=trigonal bipyramidal, mg=trigonal bipyramidal
B) eg=octahedral, mg=octahedral
C) eg=trigonal bipyramidal, mg=tetrahedral
D) eg=tetrahedral, mg=trigonal pyramidal
E) eg=trigonal planar, mg=octahedral

7) Determine the electron geometry (eg) and molecular geometry (mg) of BrF 3.
A) eg=trigonal planar, mg=trigonal planar
B) eg=trigonal bipyramidal, mg= T-shape
C) eg=trigonal planar, mg=bent
D) eg=trigonal bipyramidal, mg=see-saw
E) eg=tetrahedral, mg=trigonal pyramidal

8) Determine the electron geometry (eg) and molecular geometry (mg) of ICl2⁻ .
A) eg=tetrahedral, mg=bent
B) eg=tetrahedral, mg=trigonal pyramidal
C) eg=trigonal bipyramidal, mg=linear
D) eg=trigonal bipyramidal, mg=trigonal planar
E) eg=octahedral, mg=linear

9) Determine the electron geometry (eg) and molecular geometry (mg) of XeF2.
A) eg=trigonal bipyramidal, mg=bent
B) eg=linear, mg=linear
C) eg=tetrahedral, mg=linear
D) eg=trigonal bipyramidal, mg=linear
E) eg=tetrahedral, mg=bent

10) Determine the electron geometry (eg) and molecular geometry (mg) of XeF4.
A) eg=tetrahedral, mg=tetrahedral
B) eg=linear, eg=linear
C) eg=tetrahedral, mg=bent
D) eg=trigonal bipyramidal, mg=tetrahedral
E) eg=octahedral, mg=square planar

11) How many of the following molecules are polar?

BrCl3 CS2 SiF4 SO3

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 0
12) How many of the following molecules are polar?

XeCl2 COF2 PCl4F SF6

A) 0
B) 3
C) 1
D) 2
E) 4

13) How many of the following molecules are polar?

XeO2 SiCl2Br2 C2Br2 SeCl6

A) 1
B) 4
C) 2
D) 3
E) 0

14) How many of the following molecules are polar?

PCl5 COS XeO3 SeBr2

A) 2
B) 0
C) 1
D) 3
E) 4

15) Place the following in order of increasing dipole moment.

I. BCl3 II. BIF2 III. BClF2

A) I < II = III
B) II < III < I
C) I < II < III
D) II < I < III
E) I < III < II
16) Place the following in order of decreasing dipole moment.

I. cis-CHCl=CHCl II. trans-CHCl=CHCI III. cis-CHF=CHF

A) III > I > II

B) II > I > III
C) I > III > II
D) II > III > I
E) I = III > II

17) Choose the compound below that contains at least one polar covalent bond, but is nonpolar.
A) HCN
B) CF4
C) SeBr4
D) ICl3
E) Both B and C are nonpolar and contain a polar covalent bond.

18) Choose the compound below that contains at least one polar covalent bond, but is nonpolar.
A) GeH2Br2
B) SCl2
C) AsCl5
D) CF2Cl2
E) All of the above are nonpolar and contain a polar covalent bond.

19) Determine the electron geometry, molecular geometry and polarity of N2O (N central).
A) eg=linear, mg=linear, nonpolar
B) eg=tetrahedral, mg=linear, nonpolar
C) eg=tetrahedral, mg=bent, polar
D) eg= linear, mg=linear, polar
E) eg=trigonal planar, mg=bent, polar

20) Determine the electron geometry, molecular geometry and polarity of XeF 6 .
A) eg=trigonal bipyramidal, mg=trigonal bipyramidal, nonpolar
B) eg=tetrahedral, mg=tetrahedral, polar
C) eg=trigonal bipyramidal, mg=see-saw, polar
D) eg=octahedral, mg=trigonal bipyramidal, nonpolar
E) eg=octahedral, mg=octahedral, nonpolar

21) Determine the electron geometry, molecular geometry and polarity of TeCl6.
A) eg=octahedral, mg=octahedral, nonpolar
B) eg=trigonal bipyramidal, mg=trigonal bipyramidal, nonpolar
C) eg=octahedral, mg=square planar, polar
D) eg=trigonal bipyramidal, mg=see-saw, polar
E) eg=tetrahedral, mg=trigonal pyramidal, polar
22) Determine the electron geometry (eg), molecular geometry(mg) and polarity of XeO 3.
A) eg=trigonal planar, mg=trigonal planar, nonpolar
B) eg=tetrahedral, mg=trigonal pyramidal, polar
C) eg=trigonal planar, mg=trigonal pyramidal, polar
D) eg=trigonal bipyramidal, mg=trigonal planar, nonpolar
E) eg=octahedral, mg=tetrahedral, nonpolar

23) Determine the electron geometry, molecular geometry and polarity of HBrO2 .
A) eg=trigonal bipyramidal, mg=trigonal planar, nonpolar
B) eg=octahedral, mg=square planar, nonpolar
C) eg=tetrahedral, mg=bent, polar
D) eg=tetrahedral, mg=linear, nonpolar
E) eg=linear, mg=linear, polar

24) Consider the molecule below. Determine the molecular geometry at each of the 2 labeled carbons.

A) C1 = tetrahedral, C2 = linear
B) C1 = trigonal planar, C2= bent
C) C1 = bent, C2 = trigonal planar
D) C1 = trigonal planar, C2 = tetrahedral
E) C1 = trigonal pyramidal, C2 = see-saw

25) Consider the molecule below. Determine the hybridization at each of the 2 labeled carbons.

A) C1 = sp3, C2 = sp3d
B) C1 = sp, C2 = sp2
C) C1 = sp2, C2 = sp3d
D) C1 = sp3d, C2 = sp3d2
E) C1 = sp2, C2 = sp3
26) Consider the molecule below. Determine the molecular geometry at each of the 3 labeled atoms.

A) 1=trigonal planar, 2=tetrahedral, 3=trigonal pyramidal

B) 1=tetrahedral, 2=tetrahedral, 3=tetrahedral
C) 1=trigonal planar, 2=tetrahedral, 3=tetrahedral
D) 1=tetrahedral, 2=tetrahedral, 3=trigonal planar
E) 1=trigonal planar, 2=trigonal pyramidal, 3=trigonal pyramidal

27) Consider the molecule below. Determine the hybridization at each of the 3 labeled atoms.

A) 1=sp2, 2=sp3, 3=sp2

B) 1=sp2, 2=sp3, 3=sp3
C) 1=sp3, 2=sp3, 3=sp3
D) 1=sp3, 2=sp3, 3=sp2
E) 1=sp, 2=sp2, 3=sp2

28) Place the following in order of increasing Se-X bond angle, where X represents the outer atoms in each
molecule.

SeO2 SeCl6 SeF2

A) SeCl6 < SeF2 < SeO2

B) SeF2 < SeO2 < SeCl6
C) SeF2 < SeCl6 < SeO2
D) SeO2 < SeF2 < SeCl6
E) SeCl6 < SeO2 < SeF2
29) Place the following in order of increasing A-F bond angle, where A represents the central atom in each
molecule.

PF3 OF2 PF4⁺

A) PF3 < OF2 < PF4⁺

B) OF2 < PF3 < PF4⁺
C) OF2 < PF4⁺ < PF3
D) PF4⁺ < OF2 < PF3
E) PF4⁺ < PF3 < OF2

30) Place the following in order of decreasing A-X bond angle, where A represents the central atom and X
represents the outer atoms in each molecule.

N2 O NCl3 NO2⁻

A) NCl3 > NO2⁻ > N2O

B) NO2⁻ > N2O > NCl3
C) N2O > NO2⁻ > NCl3
D) NCl3 > N2O > NO2⁻
E) N2O > NCl3 > NO2⁻

31) Place the following in order of decreasing A-X bond angle, where A represents the central atom and X
represents the outer atoms in each molecule.

CS2 CF4 SCl2

A) CS2 = SCl2 > CF4

B) SCl2 > CF4 > CS2
C) CF4 > CS2 > SCl2
D) CS2 > CF4 > SCl2
E) CF4 > CS2 = SCl2

32) Place the following in order of increasing A-X bond angle, where A represents the central atom and X
represents the outer atoms in each molecule.

HCN H2O H3O⁺

A) H2O = H3O⁺ < HCN

B) H3O⁺ < H2O < HCN
C) HCN < H3O⁺ < H2O
D) H2O < HCN < H3O⁺
E) H2O < H3O⁺ < HCN
33) Draw the Lewis structure for the molecule C3H6. How many sigma and pi bonds does it contain?
A) 8 sigma, 1 pi
B) 9 sigma, 0 pi
C) 9 sigma, 1 pi
D) 7 sigma, 2 pi
E) 8 sigma, 2 pi

34) Consider the following compound. How many sigma and pi bonds does it contain?

CH3CHCHCO2H

A) 9 sigma, 4 pi
B) 11 sigma, 2 pi
C) 9 sigma, 2 pi
D) 13 sigma, 0 pi
E) 6 sigma, 2 pi

35) Draw the Lewis structure for the molecule C3H4. How many sigma and pi bonds does it contain?
A) 7 sigma, 1 pi
B) 8 sigma, 0 pi
C) 6 sigma, 2 pi
D) 10 sigma, 0 pi
E) 8 sigma, 2 pi

36) A molecule containing a central atom with sp3 hybridization has a(n) __________ electron geometry.
A) linear
B) trigonal bipyramidal
C) octahedral
D) tetrahedral
E) bent

37) A molecule containing a central atom with sp3d hybridization has a(n) __________ electron geometry.
A) tetrahedral
B) linear
C) octahedral
D) trigonal planar
E) trigonal bipyramidal

38) A molecule containing a central atom with sp3d2 hybridization has a(n) __________ electron geometry.
A) octahedral
B) trigonal bipyramidal
C) tetrahedral
D) trigonal planar
E) trigonal pyramidal
39) Draw the Lewis structure for OF2. What is the hybridization on the O atom?
A) sp
B) sp3
C) sp2
D) sp3d
E) sp3d2

40) Draw the Lewis structure for SO3. What is the hybridization on the S atom?
A) sp
B) sp3
C) sp2
D) sp3d
E) sp3d2

41) Draw the Lewis structure for BrO4⁻ . What is the hybridization on the Br atom?
A) sp
B) sp3d2
C) sp3d
D) sp3
E) sp2

42) Draw the Lewis structure for SF6. What is the hybridization on the S atom?
A) sp
B) sp2
C) sp3
D) sp3d
E) sp3d2

43) Draw the Lewis structure for BrF5. What is the hybridization on the Br atom?
A) sp3d2
B) sp3d
C) sp3
D) sp2
E) sp

44) Draw the Lewis structure for BrCl3. What is the hybridization on the Br atom?
A) sp3d2
B) sp3d
C) sp3
D) sp2
E) sp
45) How many of the following molecules have sp hybridization on the central atom?

C2Cl2 CO2 O3 H2O

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4

46) How many of the following molecules have sp2 hybridization on the central atom?

HCN SO2 OCl2 XeCl2

A) 4
B) 3
C) 2
D) 1
E) 0

47) How many of the following molecules have sp3 hybridization on the central atom?

XeCl4 CH4 SF4 C2H2

A) 0
B) 4
C) 3
D) 2
E) 1

48) How many of the following molecules have sp3d hybridization on the central atom?

SiCl4 BrF5 AsF5 BrF3

A) 2
B) 0
C) 4
D) 1
E) 3
49) How many of the following molecules have sp3d2 hybridization on the central atom?

SeCl6 XeF4 IF5 AsCl5

A) 1
B) 3
C) 0
D) 2
E) 4

50) How many of the following molecules contain at least one pi bond?

C2H6 Cl2CO C2Cl4 SeS3

A) 0
B) 1
C) 3
D) 4
E) 2

51) Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) The total number of molecular orbitals formed doesn't always equal the number of atomic orbitals in
the set.
B) A bond order of 0 represents a stable chemical bond.
C) When two atomic orbitals come together to form two molecular orbitals, one molecular orbital will be
lower in energy than the two separate atomic orbitals and one molecular orbital will be higher in
energy than the separate atomic orbitals.
D) Electrons placed in antibonding orbitals stabilize the ion/molecule.
E) All of the above are true