STANDARDS

15 psi
 Minimum supply pressure required for flush valve
 Minimum pressure to operate flush valve in water closet and urinal
80 %
 Reduced pressure for all pipe determination
¾ inches
 Minimum size of water service
30 psi
 Minimum design pressure of the distribution system according to IAPMO
2 gph
 Recommended hot water supply to a hotel lavatory (private)
1 ½ inches
 Effective thread length of a 3” diameter screwed steel pipe.
300 mm – 600 mm
 The length of pipe to reduce the excessive pressure that produces
hammering sound.
3/8 inches
 Minimum NPS of fixture supply pipe for toilet
 Minimum NPS of fixture supply pipe for water closet
½ inches
 Minimum NPS of fixture supply pipe for shower
 Minimum NPS of fixture supply pipe for kitchen sink
 Minimum NPS of fixture supply pipe for bathtub
 Minimum NPS of fixture supply pipe for bidet
12 psi
 Requirement pressure of a self-closing basin faucet to be efficient
 TERMS/DEFINITIONS
Angle Stop
 A term for the shut off valve found between a faucet and water pipe. The
outlet creates 90 deg. Angle with the faucet and the inlet hooks up to the
water supply pipe in the wall.
A slip joint consist of
 Friction ring
 Compression washer
 Compression nut
Cross connection
 A physical link between a potable supply and a questionable source
For isolation
 Primary purpose of gate valve in the distribution system
Nipple
 A short piece of pipe, threaded on the outside (male threads) at both ends,
used to join couplings or other fittings
Short nipple
 Below 75 mm in length. Also known as shoulder nipple
Long nipple
 A nipple over 75 mm in length
Closed nipple
 Where threading meet
Couple
 A short internally threaded (female thread) at both end and used to connect
two pipes in straight line.
Elbow
 A pipe fitting having a bend and makes an angle (90 deg. or 45 deg.)
between adjacent pipes for a change in direction
Reducing elbow
 Joins two pipes of different diameters at angle of each other. When specifying
reducer fittings, the bigger diameter is stated first followed by the smaller
diameter.
Street elbow
 An elbow fitting having a 90 deg. or 45 deg. bend with an inside thread on
one end and outside thread on the other. It is also known as service ell or
street ell.
 A kind of G.I. fitting that has one end external threads, while the other ends
has internal threads.
Tee
 A T-shaped pipe fitting that joins 3 or 4 pipes at perpendicular directions.
Water main
 Refers to the public water system laid underground along the streets where
the house service is connected.
Gooseneck
 One end is 0.30 m and the other end is 0.90 meter long. This prevents the
pipe from snapping when the soil settles.
Corporation cock
 A stop valve in a service pipe close to its connection with the water main
Bushing
  A kind of G.I. fitting used as a reducer from a bigger diameter to a lesser
diameter
Water hammer
 Occurs when a valve is suddenly turned off and causes the water to stop,
forcing the pipe to shake and to reduce this, an additional 0.30 m to 0.90 m
length of pipe is added to the riser to give air pressure which absorb it
Gate Valve
 Consist of a wedge-shaped plug which is screwed down to seat between two
brass rings surrounding the inlet pipe so that a double seal is obtained. The
inlet and outlet are in a straight line. This valve is used when a normal fully
open or closed position is desired. Either end maybe used as inlet.
 A type of valve which should be used only wide open or fully closed.
Check valve
 These valves are used when it is desired that flow through a pipe be always
one direction and there is a possibility of a flow taking place in the opposite
direction. One type has a pivoted flap which is readily pushed open by the
pressure of water from one side but is tightly closed by the force of a reverse
flow.
 The valve which automatically closes the flow of water in a reverse direction
Casing
 A material used as a covering, such as a pipe bigger than the main pipe of a
deep well so that the main pipe can be pulled out of repair.
Pipe chase
 An opening or space to accommodate a group of pipes
Shaft
 A vertical opening through a building for elevators , dumbwaiters, light,
ventilation, and others
Air Gap
 Stills, sterilizers and equipment requiring water and waste and used for
sterile materials shall be drained through air gap
 The vertical distance from a faucet spout outlet to the flood level rim of a
fixture
Back flow
 The flow of water into the water supply system from any source other than its
intended sources
Developed length
 The length along the centerline of the pipe and fittings
Fitting
 Any machine, piping or tubing part that can attach or connect two or more
larger parts in a plumbing system
“Drinking fountain or bubbler when they are located in the building may be
connected to the pipe that terminate into: WASTE PIPE.”

Discharge
 The volume of a liquid passing through a cross section of a stream in unit
time
Venture meter
 Instrument used to measure fluid flow