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SREE VIDYANIKETHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(Autonomous)
A.Rangampet, Tirupati-517102
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project titled “Pneumatic extrusion of bone
scaffolds”submitted by the following students in the Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College (Autonomous), A.Rangampet, Tirupati and is
submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of B.Tech. in Mechanical Engineering to the
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur, Anantapuramu is a record of
bonafide work carried out by them under our guidance and supervision.
The results embodied in this thesis have not been submitted to any other University or
Institute for the award of any degree or diploma.

SHAIK MAHAMMAD SHAKEER 15121A03D7


S. ABUBAKAR SIDDIQ 15121A03C7
M. SAI PRASANNA 15121A0382
K.S. BALAKRISHNA 15121A03D4

GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

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SREE VIDYANIKETHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE
AUTONOMOUS
A.RANGAMPETA,TIRUPATHI-517102
DEPARTMENT OFMECHANICAL ENGINEERING
VISION
To become and be recognised as a center of excellence in Mechanical Engineering
through teaching, research and educational programs grounded in the Mechanical
Engineering sciences within the context of meeting important societal needs.

MISSION
1. Department of Mechanical Engineering is established to provide students with a
sound Mechanical Engineering education, advance the understanding and application
of Mechanical Engineering principles to work in multicultural and multidisciplinary
environment.
2. Engage and impart knowledge to the students for innovative, high-impact and leading
edge research and development of modern Mechanical Engineering science through
contemporary curriculum.
3. Maintain a collegial, supportive and diverse environment that encourages students,
faculty and staff to achieve to the best of their abilities.
4. Serve our students by teaching them problem solving, leadership and teamwork skills
and the value of a commitment, quality and ethical behaviour for their employability.
5. Serve the community and industry through proactive knowledge exchange.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our deep sense of gratitude, appreciation and indebtedness to our guide

Dr. K.L.NARASIMHAMU for his valuable guidance. His sincere interest, support and

constant encouragement during the project work have helped us in completing the thesis.

We wish to express our deepest gratitude and thanks to Dr. K.C. VARAPRASAD

Professor & Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SVEC.

We express our profound gratitude to the principal and Management of SVEC for

permitting us to do our project work.

We also express our thanks for help rendered by V. VENKATESH, Assistant

Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, AITS.

Last but not least, thanks to our parents for their numerous support in many different

ways throughout the study.

We also thank all who have helped directly or indirectly in completing the project

work.

Students Name with Signatures

SHAIK MAHAMMAD SHAKEER


S. ABUBAKAR SIDDIQ
M. SAI PRASANNA
S. BALAKRISHNA

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ABSTRACT

Poly-caprolactone(PCL) is a promising material for bone repair and bone


replacement due to the similar inorganic components with natural bone. In this study, the
poly–caprolactone (PCL) scaffolds are fabricated by pneumatic extrusion method Scanning
electron microscopy(SEM) images of the fabricated scaffolds can be done to show the
interior of scaffold struts and in vitro release profiles can be done to reveal the
biocompatibility of the scaffolds. To confirm the performance of the fabricated composite
scaffolds for required strength of load-bearing regions of bone, the UTM tests are performed
and after this the Taguchi optimization technique was applied with the concept of L9
orthogonal array to the numerical data derived from the experiments. From this it was
determined that scaffold with porosity of 40%, angle of filament of 30 and 90 , nozzle
diameter of 0.5mm is a sophisticated design that is compatible with the structure and
function of the trabecular part of the natural bone. Taken together these results indicate that
PCL scaffolds can be readily fabricated by 3D printing technology and can be a possible
solution as implantable material for bone tissue engineering application.

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CONTENTS

DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.


Certificate i

Acknowledgement ⅲ

Abstract ⅳ

List of tables ⅴ

List of figures ⅵ

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Study on properties of bone 3


2 LITERATURE SURVEY
6

3 EXPERIMENTATION AND INVESTIGATION 9

3.1 Introduction 9

3.2 Extrusion based bioprinting system 9

3.3 Solution based deposition system 11

3.4 Process parameters 12

3.5 Design of experiments 13

3.6 Test done over the scaffolds 16

3.7 Optimization of results 16

3.8 Summary 16

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 17

4.1 Results from SEM tests 18

4.2 Results from UTM tests 28

4.3 Optimization results 46

5 CONCLUSIONS 50

6 REFERENCES 51
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LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table
DESCRIPTION No
No.
3.1 3D printing process parameters 15

3.2 L9 orthogonal array 15


4.1 Stress-strain values for scaffold-01 28
4.2 Stress-strain values for scaffold-02 30

4.3 Stress-strain values for scaffold-03 32

4.4 Stress-strain values for scaffold-04 34

4.5 Stress-strain values for scaffold-05 36

4.6 Stress-strain values for scaffold-06 38

4.7 Stress-strain values for scaffold-07 40

4.8 Stress-strain values for scaffold-08 42

4.9 Stress-strain values for scaffold-09 44

4.10 Summary of design 46

4.11 Response table for means 46

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LIST OF FIGURES
Page
Fig.no DESCRIPTION
no
1.1 3D PRINTER AND PRINTER STRUCTURE 10

SCHEMATIC ELUCIDATING SYSTEM


2.1 11
MICRO_SYRINGE METHOD

3.1 SEM IMAGE EDAX 18

3.2 SEM IMAGE SCAFFOLD 1 19

3.3 SEM IMAGE SCAFFOLD 2 20

3.4 SEM IMAGESCAFFOLD 3 21

3.5 SEMIMAGE SCAFFOLD 4 22

3.6 SEM IMAGE SCAFFOLD 5 23

3.7 SEM IMAGE SCAFFOLD 6 24

3.8 SEM IMAGE SCAFFOLD 7 25

3.9 SEM IMAGE SCAFFOLD 8 26

3.10 SEM IMAGE SCAFFOLD 9 27

4.1 GRAPH FOR SCAFFOLD 1 28

4.2 GRAPH FOR SCAFFOLD 2 30

4.3 GRAPH FOR SCAFFOLD 3 32

4.4 GRAPH FOR SCAFFOLD 4 34

4.5 GRAPH FOR SCAFFOLD 5 36

4.6 GRAPH FOR SCAFFOLD 6 38

4.7 GRAPH FOR SCAFFOLD 7 40

4.8 GRAPH FOR SCAFFOLD 8 42

4.9 GRAPH FOR SCAFFOLD 9 44

5. PLOT FOR MEANS 49

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