Communication and

Counseling
Fivy Kurniawati
Communication and
Counseling
Sub Topic : Strategies to Meet Specific Need
 Communication
Definition: transfer of information meaningful to those
involved.
It is the process in which messages are generated and sent
by one person and received and translated by another
person.

The communication process between health

professionals and patients serves two primary
functions.
1. It establishes an ongoing relationship between the
professional and the patient.
2. It provides the exchange of information necessary to
assess a patient’s health condition, implement treatment
of medical problems, and evaluate the effects of
treatment on a patient’s quality of life.
 Communication
The healthcare professional must be able to :
1. understand the illness experience of the patient
2. perceive each patient’s experience as unique
3. foster a more egalitarian relationship with patients
4. build a therapeutic alliance with patients to meet
mutually understood goals of therapy
5. develop self-awareness of personal effects on
patients
 Communication
The healthcare professional should encourage
patients to share experiences with therapy
because
1. They have unanswered questions
2. They have misunderstandings
3. They experience problems to therapy
4. They can “monitor” their own responses to
treatment
5. They make their own decisions regarding therapy
6. They may not reveal information to you unless you
initiate a dialogue
 Communication
Communication during drug therapy
1. Purpose of medication
2. How medication works
3. Dose and duration of therapy
4. Goals of therapy
5. How effectiveness will be monitored
6. Adverse effects and how to deal with them
7. Drug specific issues
Elderly
Elderly consume disproportionate amount of prescription
and non-prescription medication compared with other age
groups.
 need counseling services

Potential communication problems in elderly :

1. Learning
2. Value and perceptual differences
3. Psychosocial factors
Issues in Counselling
Geriatric Patients
Faktor yang mempengaruhi pemberian
konseling pada pasien geriatri
1. Ageism
2. Disabilities : vision, hearing, speech and
aphasia
3. Memori
4. Disorientasi mental
Accommodations to Counselling and Compliance for
Disabilities
Disabillity Accommodation
All disabilities Be prepared for feelings
Offer assistance
Do not avoid eye contact
Address patient directly (not care-giver)
Allow extra money
Attend to the environment
Sollcit feed-back to ensure understanding
Hearing problems Do not yell
Enunclate clearly
Speak on side of good ear
Face person directly
Ensure adequate lighting
Use simple sentences to allow for lip-reading
Suplemental verbal information with print material diagram
Visual problems Identify yourself
Use large print and colour coding or Braille labels as needed
and available
 Accommodations to Counselling and Compliance for
Disabilities

Disabillity Accommodation
Visual problems Vary sizes of medication container to help identify different
medications
Use audio-taped information where available
Physical disabilities Provide simple-to-open containers
Remove physical barriers to access – wide doorways and
aisles, remove clutter
Provide seating
Home visit
Counselling Techniques and Tools for Geriatric Counselling

Technique/Tool
Counselling Content Identify DRPs
History of conditions, particularly GI, liver and kidney
Complete drug use
Assess drug-taking ability and factors that may contribute
to non-compliance
Refer patient for assistance as needed
Provide information on side effects
Keep it simple
Use a variety of counselling methods
Provide information in several sessions
Conduct Medication At first patient meeting and when new drugs added
Reviews Best by appointment
In pharmacy, clinic, doctor’s office or home
Break into smaller session
Use pre-planned format
Focus on issues of importance to drug use in elderly and
various recommendation
Counselling Techniques and Tools for Geriatric
Counselling

Technique/Tool
Teaching strategies Use strategies to maximize learning ability
Use key questions to enhance learning
Improve Compliance Actions to reduce each factor that contributes to
nonadherence
Family and Community Educate and involve care-givers about drugs and DRPs
Support Assist patients to find support if needed
Raise awareness Offer services to elderly and care-givers
Presentations in community
Terminal Ill Patients
The purpose of counseling working with the
terminally ill is
To listen to the patients with empathy and
understanding, helping them to find
psychological and spiritual peace.
Terminal ill Patients
1. Physical needs. Pain management is one of the most
important concerns of hospice care.
2. Emotional needs. Dying individuals cope with intense
emotions such as anger, fear, guilt, and grief.
3. Social needs. The dying individual needs social
involvement as much as he or she did before the
illness
4. Spiritual needs

 Palliative care
Goal: achievement of the best quality of life forpatients
and their families
 Tugas
Strategi Communication and Counseling to Meet
Spesific Needs Patients (article review including
case study)

1. Patients with HIV-AIDS

2. Patients with Disability
3. Patients with Mental Health Problem
4. Suicidal Patients
5. Patients with Low Health Literacy
Thank You