Honors Chemistry Final Exam Review

1) The V of a gas is 230 mL at 2.25 atm. At what P would the V of the gas increase to 560 mL? 0.92 atm

2) If the V of the gas is 958 mL at 75.0C at what T would the V of the gas decrease to 822 mL? 26C

3) 1.15 L of gas at STP increases to 1.56 L when the P decreases to 650 mm Hg and the T becomes 44C

4) 0.33 moles of H2 gas at 135 kPa and 14.2C would occupy a volume of 5.85 L

5) 0.23 moles of a gas at 2.1 atm and 95C would occupy a volume of 3.31 L

6) 17.8 L of neon gas at 560 mm Hg and -15C would have a mass of 12.5 g

7) PT = PH2 + PO2 + PN2 = 3.28 atm. What is the PO2 if PN2 = 185 kPa and PH2 = 561 mm Hg? 544 torr

8) Calculate the density of CH4 at 0.98 atm and 35C. 0.62 g / L

9) What is the MW of an unknown gas if its density is 4.22 g / L at 25.0C and 745 mm Hg? 105 g / n

10) How much faster will fluorine effuse than bromine gas? 2.1 x
11) Fe + 2 HCl  FeCl2 + H2

45.2 g 0.82 atm

25.0 L
37.0C

12) Which of these changes would not cause an increase in the pressure of a gaseous system?

a) Additional amounts of the same gas are added to the container.

b) Another gas is added to the container.
c) The container is made larger.
d) The temperature is increased.

13) If the V of a container holding a gas is reduced, what will happen to the P within the container? P will increase

14) Which of the following gases will effuse the most rapidly?

a) Ar b) He c) Ne d) Rn e) Xe

15) A real gas acts less like an ideal gas at _____ temperatures and _____ pressures.

a) high, high b) high, low c) low, high d) low, low

16) The temperature and volume of a gas are _____ related.

a) absolutely b) conversely c) directly d) inversely

17) As the temperature of a liquid increases, the vapor pressure of the liquid will _____.

a) decrease b) increase c) stay the same d) it depends on the liquid

18) As the intermolecular forces within a liquid increase, the vapor pressure of the liquid will _____.

a) decrease b) increase c) stay the same

19) In a sealed system, a state of equilibrium will be reached between the liquid and its vapor as the rate of _____.

a) condensation = the rate of freezing b) evaporation = the rate of condensation

c) melting = the rate of evaporation d) melting = the rate of freezing

20) The normal boiling point of a liquid occurs at an external pressure of _____.

a) 1 atm b) 101.3 kPa c) 760 mm Hg d) all of these

21) A plasma is created by _____.

a) cooling a liquid to temperatures near absolute zero

b) freezing a gas into the solid state
c) ionizing a superheated gas

22) How does the atmospheric pressure at altitudes below sea level compare with atmospheric pressure at sea level?

a) The atmospheric pressure below sea level is higher.

b) The atmospheric pressure below sea level is lower.
c) The pressures are the same.

23) Which of the following best describes the motion of iron atoms in a sample of iron?

a) all are at rest b) all are moving c) a few are moving

24) A liquid’s evaporation rate increases when the liquid is heated because _____.

a) more surface molecules have enough energy to overcome the attractive forces holding them in the liquid
b) the average kinetic energy of the liquid decreases
d) the potential energy of the liquid increases
c) the surface area of the liquid is reduced

25) Most solids _____.

a) are dense and incompressible c) are amorphous in nature

c) consist of particles in chaotic motion d) have high melting points
26) Which states of matter can flow?

a) all states b) gases only c) liquids only d) gases and liquids only

27) What factors affect a substance’s boiling point, and how?

a) Stronger intermolecular forces hold the molecules together tighter requiring a higher T to boil.

b) Since liquids boil when their vapor P equals atmospheric P, a higher atmospheric P increases the BP.

28) 1,100 joules = 263 calories

29) 3,254 calories = 13.6 kilojoules

30) Raising the T of 850 g of ethanol (c = 0.58 cal / gC) from 15.0C to 77C requires 30.6 kilocalories.

31) If adding 1,450 J to 35.0 g of a substance causing its T to go from 22C to 80C its specific heat = 0.714 J / C

32) Zn + Cu2SO4  2 Cu + ZnSO4 H = - 159 kJ

4.5 n H = - 358 kJ

33) To raise the T of 225 g of aluminum (c = 0.215 cal/gC) from 20C to 100C requires _____ kilocalories.

a) 0.59 kcal b) 3.8 kcal c) 85 kcal d) none

34) SF4 + 2 O2  SO2 + 2 OF2 H = + 1,179 kJ

a) O2 + 2 HF  OF2 + H2O H = + 352 kJ

b) SO2 + 4 HF  SF4 + 2 H2O H = - 475 kJ
35) 2 H2O  2 H2 + O2 H = + 286 kJ

47.5 g H = 378 kJ

36) The amount of heat transferred from an object depends on all of the following except the _____.

a) change in temperature the object undergoes b) initial temperature of the object

c) mass of the object d) specific heat of the object

37) The symbol H stands for _____.

a) one calorie given off by reaction b) the heat capacity of a substance

c) the heat of reaction for a chemical reaction d) the specific heat of a substance

38) The following reaction is _____. 2 H2 + O2  2 H2O + 256 kJ

a) ectothermic b) endothermic c) exothermic d) isothermic

39) A calorie is _____ a joule.

a) larger than b) smaller than c) the same size as

40) In an exothermic reaction, the energy stored in the bonds of the reactants is _____ in the bonds of the products.

a) equal to the energy stored

b) greater than the energy stored
c) less than the energy stored

41) If the heat involved in a chemical reaction has a negative sign, _____.

a) heat is gained from the surroundings

b) heat is lost to the surroundings
c) no heat is exchanged in the process

42) 2 Cl2 + 7 O2 + 130 kcal  2 Cl2O7

6.0 n H = _____ kcal

a) 12 b) 21 c) 43 d) 130 e) 390
43) 2 Mg + O2  2 MgO

21.4 g
1.34 n

44) 2 Na + Ag2CO3  Na2CO3 + 2 Ag

60.25 g 115.00 g % yield = 82.8 %

45) 2 Al + 6 HCl  2 AlCl3 + 3 H2

20.0 g 22.3 g

46) 3 H2 + N2  2 NH3

4.07 x 1023 molecules 30.3 L

STP

47) 2 NaClO3  2 NaCl + 3 O2

10.0 g 3.16 L
STP

48) Complete the problem below and circle the limiting reactant.

2 H3PO4 + 3 MgCO3  Mg3(PO4)2 + 3 H2O + 3 CO2

40.0 g 65.0 g 26.9 g

48a) When magnesium reacts with nitric acid it represents what type of reaction? SR

23
48b) How many grams of each product will be produced by reacting 1.24 x 10 atoms of Mg with 12.3 L of 16 M acid?

0.416 g of H2 and 30.5 g of Mg(NO3)2

48c) Identify the limiting reactant. Mg

48d) Identify the excess reactant and calculate how much remains unreacted. 196.4 n of unreacted HNO3
49) What is the molarity of a solution that contains 4.56 n of NaCl in 3,450 mL of solution? 1.32 M

50) How many grams are present in 555 mL of a 0.244 M solution of magnesium iodide? 37.6 g

51) Identify each of the following as an acid or base and write their name.

51a) HF A B hydrofluoric acid

51b) LiOH A B lithium hydroxide

51c) H2CO3 A B carbonic acid

51d) HNO2 A B nitrous acid

52) Write the formulas for the following acids and bases.

52a) barium hydroxide Ba(OH)2

52b) phosphoric acid H3PO4

52c) hydrobromic acid HBr

52d) sulfurous acid H2SO3

53) Calculate the pH and identify each as an acid, base or neutral.

+ -3
53a) [H ] = 3.3 x 10 M pH = 2.48 A N B

53b) pOH = 5.76 pH = 8.24 A N B

- -6
53c) [OH ] = 3.23 x 10 M pH = 8.51 A N B
 +
54) Calculate the [H ] and identify each as an acid, base or neutral.

+ -8
54a) pH = 7.11 [H ] = 7.76 x 10 M A N B

- -12 +
54b) [OH ] = 4.18 x 10 M [H ] = 0.0025 M A N B

+ -9
54c) pOH = 5.41 [H ] = 2.57 x 10 M A N B

55) HNO3 + KOH 

0.52 M 0.752 M
47.5 mL 32.9 mL

56) HC2H3O2 + Zn(OH)2 

1.25 M 0.145 M
45.0 mL 195.0 mL

57) Increasing the temperature of a solution will generally _____.

a) increase the amount of solute that dissolves b) increase the rate at which a solute will dissolve
c) both a and b d) neither a nor b

58) If a crystal added to a solution causes many particles to come out of solution, the original solution was _____.

a) saturated b) supersaturated c) unsaturated

59) If the pressure of a gas above a liquid is increased, the solubility of the gas in the liquid _____.

a) decreases b) increases c) remains unchanged

60) Litmus paper will turn _____ in an acid solution. a) blue b) colorless c) green d) red
61) CO + NO2 ↔ CO2 + NO H = + 490 kJ

61a) Decreasing the pressure will shift the equilibrium to the:   no change

61b) Increasing [NO] will shift the equilibrium to the:   no change

61c) Adding a catalyst will shift the equilibrium to the:   no change

61d) Decreasing the [CO2] will shift the equilibrium to the:   no change

61e) Increasing the temperature will shift the equilibrium to the:   no change

62) O2 + 2 F2 ↔ OF2 H = - 220 kJ

62a) Increasing the [O2] will shift the equilibrium to the:   no change

62b) Decreasing the heat will shift the equilibrium to the:   no change

62c) Removing [F2] will shift the equilibrium to the:   no change

62d) Increasing the temperature will shift the equilibrium to the:   no change

62e) Increasing the P (by decreasing V) will shift the equilibrium to the:   no change

63) What is another name for the activated complex?

a) collision group b) energy barrier c) rate limiter d) transition state

64) The _____ does not affect the rate of a chemical reaction.

a) [reactants] b) equilibrium position c) presence of a catalyst d) temperature

65) At equilibrium, the rate of production of reactants is _____ compared with the rate of production of products.

a) depends on reaction b) higher c) lower d) the same

66) If sulfur dioxide and oxygen can be made into sulfur trioxide, what is the reverse reaction?

a) SO2 + O2  SO3
b) SO2  SO3 + O2
c) SO3 + O2  SO2
d) SO3  SO2 + O2

67) Why does a catalyst cause a reaction to proceed faster?

a) The activation energy is lowered.

b) The collisions occur with greater energy.
c) There are more collisions per second.

[ OCl2 ] [ H2O ]
68) 2 HCl + O2 ↔ OCl2 + H2O Keq = -------------------------
2
[ HCl ] [ O2 ]

69) Write the Keq if 3.35 n of N2, 1.75 n of H2 and 2.23 n of NH3 are in a 2.50 L container.
2
[ NH3 ]
N2 + 3 H2 ↔ 2 NH3 Keq = -------------------- = 1.73
3
[ N2 ] [ H 2 ]

[ Br2 ] [ Cl2 ]
70a) 2 BrCl ↔ Br2 + Cl2 Keq = -------------------------
2
[ BrCl ]

70b) What is the [ BrCl ] if [ Br2 ] = 1.5 M, [ Cl2 ] = 1.8 m and Keq = 2.71? [ BrCl ] = 0.998 M


- - -
71) (HS) + (ClO3) S + Cl (Acid)

+1 -2 +5 -2 0 -1

- - -
71a) Write the oxidation # for each element. (HS) + (ClO3) S + Cl

-
71b) The (HS) was oxidized.

-
71c) The (ClO3) was reduced.

-
71d) The (ClO3) was the oxidizing agent.

-
71e) The (HS) was the reducing agent.
 
- -
72) (IO3) + I I2 (Base)

+5 -2 -1 0

- -
72a) Write the oxidation # for each element. (IO3) + I I2


-
72b) Write the two half-reactions. a) (IO3) I2


-
b) I I2


- + -
72c) Balance the half-reactions. a) 2 (IO3) + 12 H + 10 e I2 + 6 H2 O


- -
b) 2I I2 + 2e


- - -
72d) Write the complete balanced reaction. (IO3) + 5I + 3 H2O 3 I2 + 6 (OH)

73) zinc + acetic acid 

a) combustion b) decomposition c) double replacement d) single replacement e) synthesis

74) sodium + sulfur 

a) combustion b) decomposition c) double replacement d) single replacement e) synthesis

75) C3H7O + O2 

a) combustion b) decomposition c) double replacement d) single replacement e) synthesis

76) Al2(CO3)3 

a) combustion b) decomposition c) double replacement d) single replacement e) synthesis

Identify Arrhenius Acids and Bases

77) H2S A N B 78) Al(OH)3 A N B

79) CaCl2 A N B 80) H3P A N B

81) H2CO3 A N B 82) NaOH A N B

83) Mg(OH)2 A N B 84) Na2CO3 A N B

85) C6H12O6 A N B 86) H2SO4 A N B

87) HBr A N B 88) (NH4)2O A N B

 Label Bronsted Acids and Bases and Conjugates

BA BB CB CA

- -2 -2 -
89) (HSO4) + (C2O4) (SO4) + (HC2O4)

BA BB CB CA

- - -2
90) (H2PO4) + (HCO3) (HPO4) + H2CO3

BA BB CA CB

- + -2
91) (HSO4) + H2CO3 (H3CO3) + (SO4)

BB BA CB CA

- -
92) (HCO3) + H2SO4 (HSO4) + H2CO3

BB BA CB CA

- +
93) NH3 + H2O (OH) + (NH4)

BA BB CB CA

- +
94) HCl + HNO3 Cl + (H2NO3)

BB BA CA CB

+ -
95) NH4Cl + H3PO4 (NH5Cl) + (H2PO4)

BA BB

+ -
96) (NH4) + F

97) 10.5 g of ice can be melted with 3,500 J of heat (∆Hf = 6 kJ / n).

98) Science is more about _____ than anything else. beauty justice truth