S&T’s Research, Development, Testing and
Evaluation (RDT&E) Efforts re COVID-19
Homeland
Security April 13, 2020
Science and Technology
LUNCLASSIFIEDIFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Bottom Line Up Front
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Ssoldions to Component
needs Overview
= Emerging Results from NBACC’s COVID-19 Characterization Efforts
= Surface Stability
= Disinfectant Testing
= Aerosol Stability
= Other DHS S&T COVID-19 efforts.
= Master Question List (MQL)
= DHS S&T Tech Scouting
LUNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Study Type
Virus in three
suspensions:
1) cell culture,
2) saliva (modified),
3) respiratory fluid
(modified)
Surface Stability
Decontamination
Homeland
Security
Wet and Dry (Virus)
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Parameters
¥%
Droplet
Temperature |
Sunlight
LUNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Notes
Stainless Steel, Plastic, Nitile
Stainless steel; 8 EPA
Recommended Disinfectants Seay
NBACC’s Emerging Results: Surface
Stability Indoor Conditions
* What is being tested: how long does the virus survive in a droplet of saliva (e.g.,
from a cough/sneeze) and a dried droplet of saliva deposited on stainless steel in
varying temperature, humidity, and sunlight
* Results
* Virus lives longer at low humidity and inactivates faster at higher humidity
* Virus tives longer at low temperatures and inactivates faster as temperature increases
= Sunlight destroys the virus quickly aie a a 7
7 i Why staini6ss ste?
Operational Relevance \ « NBACC had already-established methods for recovery
* Risk of transmission from off ofthis surface (generate data quickly) )
surfaces outdoors is lower = Generally, in our experience, nonporous surfaces are
during daylight more conducive to biological stability than porous.
* Higher temperature & humidity surfaces (ike cloth or cardboard)
of indoor environments will "Thus, data generated on this surface will be a
reduce the viral contamination on conservative, or worst-case, estimate of decay
surfaces faster + Methods for recovery aff of porous surfaces are not well
= Surfaces in low humidity developed and hard to make repesiabeheproducible |
environments (@.g., airplane cabins) | * NBAGC plans fo validate findings on other surface
may require additional care to |___ types and on nonporous surfaces in future tests
minimize risk of transmission - eee Ese leee ais
Homeland
& Samy r
= UNCLASSIFIEDIFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Sear
NBACC’s Emerging Results: SARS-
CoV-2 Stability on Indoor Surfaces
Summary:
* Virus is most stable at low humidity (20%)
and decays faster at RH >40%
* Virus is less stable at higher temperatures
Operational Relevance:
Ifa location has a COVID-19 (+) individual
and is going to be vacated for cleaning, tum
up indoor heat & humidity if possible.
Ongoing work:
20% 40% 60% 80% Developing an equation to predict virus decay
relative humidity at any temperature & humidity combination
“Test system cannot support 80%RH/ 95° | (Next week)
{GF Homeland
Security a
— UNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY INCL
eT ee Sell
— CoV-2 St Dility O
Simulated sunlight greatly increases
inactivation rate of virus dried on
surfaces (relative to darkness)
Frame of Reference:
: Fall intensity =
Ful ens
AY NYG/DG during clear
: day on summer
Hat intensity 3
Wensiy amin dey ons
aay ee uerterIntonsity =
NYO/D¢ olear dey
NoLight (Dark Nodecay> | ondaf February
éomin
* Sunlight reduced infectious virus to
undetectable levels after just 3 minutes of
‘exposure to the solar equivalent of midday
gun on a sunny day nthe middle atludes of
the US.
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ing Te pad
eT
Ongoing and planned work:
Repeat with a higher concentration of virus to
better understand decay rate
What else needs to be known:
4, How much virus does it take to infect?
2. How much virus is on the surface?
3._How much virus comes off when touched?
LUNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY re
CoV-2 Decontamin
NBACC’s Emerging Results: SARS-
Cer
ation from surfaces
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Matrix | Droplet | 70 Rirter)
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Simulated — Wet
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© Homeana
Security,
: | contaminated saliva on a non-porous surface.
‘Summary:
0.26% hypochlorite (bleach) OR 70%
isopropyl alcohol killed SARS-CoV-2 in both
wet and dried saliva on stainless steel
Operational Relevance:
Commercially available & EPA recommended
disinfectants (Bleach & IPA) used as
recommended are effective at disinfecting
both old (dried) and freshly (wet)
Ongoing and planned work:
* Test shorter contact times for cleaners;
Test other off-the-shelf products (Lysol
spray, peracetic acid, Clorox hydrogen
peroxide cleaner, etc.)
LUNCLASSIFIEDIFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY rr rear Tg
NBACC's Aerosol Hazard
Assessment Approachi/Capabilities
Ee
Vitus survival in aerosols Host Susceptibility to Infection
> Concentration of virus in air = Virus in relevant matrix ~ Infectious dose
- Size of virus-containing particle | - Indoor (temp/humiaity) = imnmunteaioes
= Outdoor (temp/humidity/ sunlight) - Therapeutics
NBACC is the only US biocontainment laboratory with the capability to evaluate survival of biological
hazards in aerosols under a range of operationally relevant conditions:
= Custom aerosol chambers with ability to control temp, humidity, and sunlight simultaneously
* Determine how long biological agent survives in the air under indoor and outdoor conditions
= Expertise in aerobiology, aerosol science, and aerosol engineering
«Over a decade of experience and established methods for in-depth and “operationally focused”
analysis of aerosols containing biological agents
«Experimental design is used to produce a model which accounts for interaction between test factors-
enabling virus decay predictions between tested conditions,
Foweland
Gin
‘UNGLASSIFIEDIIFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY rer aT
NBACC’s Emerging Results:
SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol Stability
Methodology:
Percent Remaining
Aerosol
Generation
Aerosol Aging in
Environmentally
Controlled Chamber
Preliminary Data Summary:
* Virus suspended in saliva treated with full intensity
simulated sunlight rapidly killed virus in aerosols,
+ Half life: ~2-3 minutes at room temp, 20%RH
* 90% decrease in virus in ~9-10 minutes
* Without simulated sunlight, no significant loss of virus
was detected in 60 minutes (room temp, 20%RH)
* Sunlight increases inactivation of infectious virus in
aerosols (coughs, sneezes)
Operational Relevance:
a Aerosol Sampling .
fm ind Estimation * Outdoor daytime environments are lower risk for
a of Decay Rate transmission
o = Importance of respiratory protection for staff who may be _
a in close proximity to infected individuals indoors
+ Increasing air exchange rates indoors may reduce risk
@ sony?
‘Ongoing work:
Testing with additional solar and relative humidity levels
aie Se
UNCLASSIFIEDIFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY COVID-19 Projects
Project: PPE Decon & Reuse Project: Waste stream survivability
1. Verify vaporous hydrogen peroxide (VHP) * Understand the survival of the virus in
techniques are effective against human waste streams to inform
SARS-CoV-2 with a range of mask types decontamination and remediation
* Evaluate both biological decay and decisions
physical degradation & fit
2. Test additional small-scale, low-tech Operational Relevance:
techniques that could be implemented in In addition the healthcare relevance, may
lower-resource settings impact DHS operations along the border,
* Looking at devices such as rice ‘especially in low-resource or improvised
cookers, clothes steamers, electric settings (e.
pressure cookers
johns)
Additional ongoing DHS S&T
|
Operational Relevance:
= Address key unknowns in VHP
decontamination and reuse protocols
* Provide options that could be implemented in
smaller regional settings
Homeland
Security ”
LUNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Master Question List
= S&T developed & maintains a SARS-CoV-2 Master Question List (MQL):
= Summarizes current knowledge and provides authoritative sources/citations
= Tracks ongoing research efforts on the virus worldwide
= IMPACT: Provides situational awareness of these important efforts
= Similar model used during the response to 2015 Ebola outbreak
= Key elements of MQL:
= What is known?
= What additional information is needed?
= Who may be working to address such fundamental questions?
(Goma
Security 2
SS UNCLASSIFIEDIFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Recent Support to DHS Components and Key HSE Partners
— Tech Scouting reports on diagnostic test kits and disinfectants for USSS & FLETC.
— Disinfectants report and Ambulance Decon Systems Survey provided to MGMT
— Provided U.S. Navy with Ambulance Decon Survey, disinfectants scouting report,
COVID-19 Response Opportunities document, & NASA robotics program
Oe aan eRe ey
3 New products/proposals reviewed (March 30 ~ April 6). Received by S&T
PMs, S&T SMEs, and the Innovation inbox. Reviewed by S&T SMEs.
83 Total reviewed (March 18-April 6)
“Hot topics”: Face shields and masks, ventilators, rapid screening to detect
COVID-19, and sanitizer/disinfectants.
Security, 13
LUNCLASSIFIED/IFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ESTE) (eee ewes ren)
‘Diagnostics, Experimental
Primary Foci Diagnostics, Vaccines Therapoutis, Vaccines, Animal Diagnostics, Vaccines Indevelopment
‘Susceptibility
Virus Characterization. Surface Stability- Dried virus on
Decay of dred vison various surfaces (N85, nitile, Tyvek) Surface stability: Virus
Alignment ‘@Nge oF surfaces using Decontamination: survival on surfaces &
with DHS. —_‘metalcoupons (no 1) Deconwith dfferentagents recovery fram aluminum ietevelcocn
: capability for aerosolized) (VPH, temperature, Peroxide (simulated military materia!)
priorities “Sighty diferent virus cloths, Masks, etc, -resulls Decontamination-
+ Slghty diferent Pending) Using miltary grade products
conditions 2) _ Mask tests (results pending) *
Homeland
“4
\UNCLASSIFIEDIIFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 2471366 Availability | Biological Threat Characterization | Bioforensic Analys
About NBACC:
[Biosafety Level 2,3, and 4 Laboratories
‘Supports America’s defense against biological threats. Primary capabilities include:
= National Bioforensic Analysis Center (NBFAC)
* National Biological Threat Characterization Center (NBTCC)
A national resource for 24/7 biodefense including sensitive experiments.
Only domestic maximum biocontainment lab built specifically for national security purposes.
Recent notable NBACC mission impacts via its two Centers:
NBFAC Conducted Nearly 600K Analyses Last Year for FBI and Other Gov't Partners: The
NBACC’s NBFAC conducted nearly 600,000 analyses in 2019 in support of the FBI and other U.S.
Government partness—more than in any previous 12-month period in NBFAC’s history. Federal
prosecutions using NBFAC analyses have been 100% successful
NBACC R&D Innovations Enhance Our Ability to Research Ebola: Research scientists from the
facility's NBTCC designed new methods to measure the amount of infectious Ebola virus present in an
air sample using a technique that is ten times more sensitive than previous methods used to effectively
evaluate the risk of transmitting the virus.
@ sasy
1 How is the NBACC Different?
NBACC located in Fort Detrick, Maryland, specializes in bioforensies and characterization of biological threats for national security.
Ouest Highly-Relevant Expertise Refuses es
+ Focused omwet te specific nas of the + Aembiology specialization + Maximum biocontainnest (BSL-4)
DHSand Homelend Suny Enerprse + Selendis with soca clearanoes + Support 247 operations for biodefense
odsfee mission space + Ability to conduct sestve sucies 68 daysa yor
[NBACC is equiped with unin scrbilogy cotiners usd oases bislogal agents like COVID- 19 and tir survivability arose
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