39) How measurement GAP calculation happens in LTE?

LTE Protocol Architechture

Type 2 LTE Frame Structure

Type 2 LTE Frame Structure

LTE Protocol Architecture:

3GPP™ Long Term Evolution (LTE) also referred to as E-UTRAN, 

The protocol stack functions consist of the:

 Non Access Statum(NAS)

 Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)

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  Radio Resource Control (RRC)
 Radio Link Control (RLC)
 Medium Access Control(MAC)
 Physical Layer(PHY) 
The difference between control plane and user plan shown in the figure
below.

Radio Interface Protocol

CONTROL PLANE PROTOCOLS

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 RADIO RESOURCE CONTROL (RRC):

The RRC protocol includes the following main functions:

 Broadcast of system information:

1. Including NAS common information

2. Information applicable for UEs in RRC_IDLE, e.g.
 cell (re-)selection parameters, 
 neighbouring cell information and information (also) applicable
for UEs in RRC_CONNECTED, e.g. 
 common channel configuration information.
3. Including ETWS notification;
 RRC connection control:
1. Paging;
2. Establishment/ modification/ release of RRC connection,
including e.g. assignment/ modification of UE identity (C-RNTI),
establishment/ modification/ release of SRB1 and SRB2, access class
barring;
3. Initial security activation, i.e. initial configuration of AS integrity
protection (SRBs) and AS ciphering (SRBs, DRBs);
4. RRC connection mobility including e.g. infra-frequency and
inter-frequency handover, associated security handling, i.e. key/
algorithm change, specification of RRC context information transferred
between network nodes;
5. Establishment/ modification/ release of RBs carrying user data
(DRBs);
6. Radio configuration control including e.g. assignment/
modification of ARQ configuration, HARQ configuration, DRX
configuration;
7. QoS control including assignment/ modification of semi-
persistent scheduling (SPS) configuration information for DL and UL,
assignment/ modification of parameters for UL rate control in the UE,
i.e. allocation of a priority and a prioritized bit rate (PBR) for each RB;

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 8. Recovery from radio link failure;
 Inter-RAT mobility including e.g. security activation, transfer of RRC
context information;
 Measurement configuration and reporting:
1. Establishment/ modification/ release of measurements (e.g.
infra-frequency, inter-frequency and inter- RAT measurements);
2. Setup and release of measurement gaps;
3. Measurement reporting;
 Other functions including e.g. transfer of dedicated NAS information
and non-3GPP dedicated information, transfer of UE radio access
capability information, support for E-UTRAN sharing (multiple PLMN
identities);
 Generic protocol error handling;
 Support of self-configuration and self-optimization 

MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL(MAC):

The following functions are supported by MAC sublayer:

 Mapping between logical channels and transport channels;

 Multiplexing of MAC SDUs from one or different logical channels onto
transport blocks (TB) to be delivered to the physical layer on transport
channels;
 De-multiplexing of MAC SDUs from one or different logical channels
from transport blocks (TB) delivered from the physical layer on transport
channels;
 Scheduling information reporting;
 Error correction through HARQ;
 Priority handling between UEs by means of dynamic scheduling;
 Priority handling between logical channels of one UE;
 Logical Channel prioritization;
 Transport format selection.

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 RADIO LINK CONTROL(RLC): 

The following functions are supported by the RLC sub layer:

 Transfer of upper layer PDUs;

 Error correction through ARQ (only for AM data transfer);
 Concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs (only for
UM and AM data transfer);
 Re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs (only for AM data transfer);
 Reordering of RLC data PDUs (only for UM and AM data transfer);
 Duplicate detection (only for UM and AM data transfer);
 RLC SDU discard (only for UM and AM data transfer);
 RLC re-establishment;
 Protocol error detection (only for AM data transfer).

LTE Frequently Asked Questions

 What is LTE?
 What is goal of LTE?
 What speed LTE offers?
 What is LTE Advanced?
 What is LTE architecture?
 What is EUTRAN?
 What are LTE Interfaces?
 What are LTE Network elements?
 What are LTE protocols & specifications?
 What is VoLGA?
 What is CS Fallback in LTE?
 How does LTE Security works?

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  What is IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)?
 How does measurements work in LTE?
 What is Automatic Neighbour Relation?
 How does Intra E-UTRAN Handover is performed?
 How does policy control and charging works in LTE?
 What is SON & how does it work in LTE?
 How does Network Sharing works in LTE?
 How does Timing Advance (TA) works in LTE?
 How does LTE UE positioning works in E-UTRAN?
 How many operators have committed for LTE?
 What is Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC)?
 How does Location Service (LCS) work in LTE network?
 How does Lawful Interception works in LTE Evolved Packet System?
 What is carrier aggregation in LTE-Advanced?
What is Relay Node and how does Relaying works in LTE-Advanced?

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