Nasa Graphics Manual

e National Aeronautics and NHB 1430.
2
Space Administration January, 1976
e Graphics Standards Manual
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Index The following pages of the NASA
Graphics Standards Manual, listed in
e sequential order, are officially in

effect as of January 1, 1976
e Introduction Index (January 1, 1976) ....................... . .. . . . .... .. ... ... .. . . i, ii
Letter from Richard H. Truly .... .. .. . .. . ... . . . ......... . ...... .. .... . . . . .. iii
e 1 The NASA Logotype The NASA Logotype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1
Agency and Center Identification .. .. .. ........ . . . .. .. .... . ... . . ...... 1.2
The NASA Color . .. .... ................ . ..... . . . .. ... ... .. .. ... .. .. . 1.3
The NASA Logotype: Use of Color .. .... . ..... . . .. . . ..... . ....... .. .. 1.4
Color Standards ...................... . .. . . . .. ... . . .... . ........ .. . . 1.5
The Logotype : Incorrect Uses .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . . . . .. ... . . .. . . ... 1.6
The Logotype : Grid Drawing for Large Applications . . . . ... . .... . . .. .... 1.7
Mission Patches and Other Symbols ..................... . .... . .... .. . 1.8
The NASA Seal. . ............ .... . .. . . . . . . . . . ........ . .... .. ... . . . .. 1.9
e 2 Reproduction Art Reproduction Art: Logotype ......... .. . .. . .. . .... . ..... . .. ....... . . . 2.1
Reproduction Art: Headquarters . .. .. . . .... .. .. . ....... . .... . .... . . .. 2.2
Reproduction Art: Ames Research Center .. .... .. .. ... . .. ... . ... .. .. .. 2.3
e Reproduction Art: Goddard Space Flight Center .... . . ... . .... . .... . . . . 2.4
Reproduction Art: Dryden Flight Research Facility ............... .. . . .. 2.5
Reproduction Art: Jet Propulsion Laboratory ...... . ... . . ... ... . . ... ... 2.6
Reproduction Art: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center ... . .... . .. .... ... . 2.7
Reproduction Art: John F. Kennedy Space Center ....... . .... . ... . . .. . 2.8
Reproduction Art: Langley Research Center .. . .. ... . ....... .. ... .. . . .. 2.9
Reproduction Art: Lewis Research Center .. .. .. . ....... . ... .. ... .. . . . 2.10
Reproduction Art: George C. Marshall Space Flight Center .. .. ... .. . .. 2.11
Reproduction Art: Wallops Flight Facility .. . . .. . .. .. ... . .. . . . . . .. . .... 2.12
Reproduction Art: Seal .. . . . . ... . ... . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . .. ... . .... . . .. 2.13
NASA Red: Color Swatches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 2.14
Reproduction Art: John C. Stennis Space Center . . ......... . ....... . 2.15
3 Stationery Headquarters Letterhead and Envelope .... ..... . ... . . .. .... .. .. . . ... 3.1
Center Letterheads and Envelopes . . .. .. ... ... .. .... .. .......... ... . . 3.2
Typing Style ...... . . . . . . . .. . . ... .. . . ... ... ... .. .. .. ... .... . ..... .. .. 3.3
Large Envelopes and Mailing Labels . . .. .. . . .. .. ................ . . . .. 3.4
News Releases ... ... . . . .. . ...... . .. . ... .. .......... . .......... . . . .. 3.5
4 Forms Forms . .. . . .. . . . . ... . ...... . ...... . .... .. . . .. . . .. ......... ... . . .... 4.1
5 Publications NASA Publications ... . . . .... . . . . . .. .. .. . . . . ... . ................. 5.1, 5.2
Typography-Sans Serif, Helvetica ..... .... . ... . . .. . . .. . ... ... . . .. ... 5.3
Typography-Sans Serif, Futura ... . . .. .. ...... . ..... . .... . ... . . . .. . . 5.4
Typography-Serif, Garamond . .. . .. . . . . .. ..... . .... . .... .. ..... ... . . 5.5
Typography-Serif, Times Roman ..... .. . .... . . .. ... .... .. .. .. . . . . . .. 5.6
Cover Design: Leaflets & Folders........................... ... . . ..... 5.7
Cover Design: Journals and Technical Publications . .. . .. .. ... .. . ... . .. 5.8
Cover Design: News Publications .. .. .. .. . . .. . .. .. .. ... .. . ..... . . . . .. 5.9
Cover Design: Quality Publications . . .. . ....... . .. ..... .. ... ... ..... . 5.10
Cover Design: Case Bound and Educational Publications . .. ... . .... . .. 5.11
Press Kits/Directories . .... . . . .. .. . .. . ... . . . .. ........... .. ... .. .. .. 5.12
Posters/Broadsides ....... . ...... . .... . ..... .. ... . .. .. . . .... . ... ... 5.13
The Grid-What it is ................... ..... . .. .. ..... . . ... ... .. . . . 5.14
Relating Cover & Interior Formats ...... . .. . . ... ... . .. . .. ........... . 5.15
Index The following pages of the NASA

Graphics Standards Manual, listed in
sequential order, are officially in
effect as of January 1, 1976.
Interior Grid Formats: Leaflets & Folders ............... ..... .. .. .... . .. 5.16
Interior Grid Formats : Journals and Technical Publications ............... 5.17
Interior Grid Formats: News Publications ........... ..... . ... . . . .. .. . ... 5.18
Interior Grid Formats : Quality Publications . . ..... ......... .... . ........5.19
Interior Grid Formats: Case Bound and Educational Publications .. ... . .... 5.20
6 Signage Signage ........................ .... .. .. . .. . .... . .... . ... .. . . ...... 6.1
7 Vehicles NASA Motor Vehicle Identification ........ . ... ............... . . . ....... 7.1
Motor Vehicles: Various Colors & Values ... . . .. . . ... . ..... .. ....... .... 7.2
Motor Vehicles: White & "Special" Vehicles ... .. ........... .. ........... 7.3
The Identification Configuration With the Logotype . .. .. . ... ... . . .. .. ... . . 7.4
The Identification Configuration Without the Logotype ...... .. ............ 7.5
Motor Vehicle Identification Demonstrations ..... . . . . .. . .... . .. ... . .. . ... 7.6
Aerospace Education Unit ................... .. .. .... . .. .. .. .. . .. . . ... 7. 7
Air & Space Vehicles .. . .. .. ....... . ......... . . ...................... 7.8
8 Miscellaneous Certificates & Awards .. .. .. ..... . . . .. . .. . . .. ......... . . ..... .. ....... 8.1
e 9 Supplementary Guides NASA Vinylcals & Decals ........... .. . . .... ... . ......... . ... . . . ... . .. 9.1
NASA Uniform Patches ...... ... .. . . . . ... ... .. .. . .. .... ... .. ... ...... 9.2
e
e Dear Colleagues:
e A driving force and the use of innovative techniques and ideas have
brought NASA the image of a get-it-done agency, and the record backs up the
reputation .
As we move ahead to an even more exciting era in aeronautical research and

space exploration, we have added a new tool to enhance and symbolize the
progressive path we have always followed.
Not as suspenseful as a Command and Service Module splashdown nor

as dramatic as a Mariner flyby, it is nonetheless of major importance because
it is designed to achieve maximum communication of the agency's program
objectives, both internally and externally.
We have adopted a new system of graphics-the visual communications

system by which we are known to those who read our publications, see our
vehicle markings and signboards and the logotype that unmistakably
brands them as NASA's.
The new system focuses on a new logotype, in which the letters "N-A-S-A"
are reduced to their simplest form, replacing the red, white and blue circular
emblem with the white block letters.
I think the new logotype is pleasing to the eye and gives a feeling of unity,
technological precision, thrust and orientation toward the future. Unity, tech
nology, pioneering achievement-that's what NASA is all about.
This manual is a reference book for NASA designers. It is the official policy
document regarding NASA identification (use of logotype), communication in
general and sets the tone and level of quality for all NASA graphics.
My experience has shown that, in order to succeed , a program which departs

from the accustomed must have the full support of every NASA employee.
e Top-level management must take the lead, our experts in the field of graphic
design must follow, and all of us must see that the specifics are diligently
mon itored to insure that standards of excellence are maintained.
e I think we were fortunate in recognizing that our graphics could stand

improvement; I am confident that the program we now have underway will be
second to none in effectiveness either in government or industry; and I
solicit the enthusiastic support of each of you in implementing NASA's look
of the future .
Sincerely,
Richard H. Truly
Administrator
e The NASA Logotype This logotype is the central element in
NASA's visual communications sys
technical precision. Elimination of
cross-strokes in the two "A" letters
e tem. Through consistent and repeti

tive use as a signature device and
design element in all of NASA's visual
imparts a vertical thrust to the logo
type and lends it a quality of un ique
ness and contemporary character.
e communications, the logotype be

comes a visual shorthand which iden
tifies the Agency and symbol ically
embodies its activities, achievements
The logotype should never be altered
or distorted in any way. It must not
be re-drawn , but rather reproduced
e and goals.
In the logotype, the letters N-A-S-A

photographically from reproduction
artwork included in Section 2 of
this manual.
e are reduced to the ir most simpl ified

form . The strokes are all of one width ,
evoking the qualities of unity and
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e 1.1
e Agency and Center Identification Administration) as shown below. The
lettering style used in the agency
lower case. This bold lettering style
assures that the center name receives
e The examples shown here illustrate

standard configurations for NASA
"agency" and "center" identification .
name is Helvetica Light, upper and
lower case. The size of the agency
name should relate to the size of the
primary emphasis even though it is
always preceded by the agency name
and accompanied by the NASA logo
e Agency Identification
To identify the agency, as a total
entity, the NASA logotype is shown in
logotype as indicated.
Center Identification
To identify any of the NASA centers,
type.
Reproduction artwork for standard

agency and center identification is
e conjunction with the full agency name
(National Aeronautics and Space
the NASA logotype and full agency
name is shown in conjunction with the
full center name (John F. Kennedy
included in Section 2 of this manual.
e Space Center) as shown below. The

lettering style used in the center
name is Helvetica Medium, upper and
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Space Administration
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John F. Kennedy Space Center
1.2
e The NASA Color The correct color for use in the NASA
logotype is shown below.
not be used with other bright saturated
colors, or medium and dark value
e This warm shade of red is a very ac

tive color which brings a kinetic
colors, as they will dilute the effective
ness and impact of the NASA red .
e dimension to the letterforms. The

color reflects the lively and future
oriented character of NASA.
Further guidance for the use of the
logotype in various color situations is
contained on the following page.
e NASA red should be used only when

a second color is available and
appropriate. It is intended to be used
Also refer to the guidelines on color in
the introduction of the publications
section of this manual.
e only on white or a light value neutral

color background . NASA red should
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The NASA Logotype: Use of Color logotype should be shown in black. be shown in NASA red against a
The one exception to this would be black or very dark background.
The examples shown below illustrate
the use of NASA red logotype in very
acceptable uses of the NASA logo
light areas of four-color process Medium-Value Background
type in various situations.
reproduction. Against a medium-value background ,
the logotype may be shown in either
White Background
Black or Very Dark Value Background black or white , depending on which
Against a white background the logo
Against a black or very dark color is more appropriate.
type may be shown in NASA red and
background , the logotype should
black, black, or NASA warm gray.
always be shown in white . The logotype should never be shown
in NASA red against a medium-value
Very Light Value Background
The logotype should always be shown background.
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in white against a background of
NASA red. The logotype should never
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Space Administration Space Administration Space Administration
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e Color Standards The swatches shown below are to be In 4 / color process printing , the for
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used in achieving a visual match for mula for NASA red is solid red plus
NASA red and NASA warm gray in solid yellow.
any medium of reproduction .
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The Logotype : Incorrect Uses 1. The letterforms in the logotype 6. The logotype should never be pho
must never be broken by a super tographically distorted in any way.
The logotype is designed as solid imposed pattern . 7. The logotype should never be
stroke letterforms , to be shown free 2. The logotype must never be placed shown in light benday screen against
standing horizontally against a solid within another solid shape , such as a a white background. It should always
neutral background. circle . be shown in solid black, sol id warm
3. The logotype must never be placed gray or solid NASA red .
The logotype must not be altered or within another outline shape, such as 8. The logotype should never be
distorted in any way. The effective a box. shown as a benday screen of a dark
ness of the logotype depends on con 4. The logotype should never be background color. It should always
sistently correct useage as outlined shown as outlined letterforms. appear in wh ite.
in this manual. 5. The logotype should never be 9. The logotype should never be
shown with shadows projected from shown on a vertical axis. It is de
The examples shown below illustrate the letterforms or with letterforms signed to rest on its horizontal base
some incorrect uses of the logotype. partially outl ined . line.
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1.6
e The Logotype: Grid Drawing for
Large Applications
The NASA logotype should be repro
duced photographically whenever
Contact the NASA Graphics Coordi
nator for advice and counsel on
e possible . However, for large applica

tions such as signage, the logo may
be reproduced using this grid draw- ·
problems related to reproducing the
NASA logotype at large sizes.
e ing as an accurate guide . To achieve

the best reproduction , care should be
taken to maintain the correct pro
portion , stroke-width , and curves of
e the logotype . Note that 3 un its of
the grid are equal to the vertical
stroke width.
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e Mission Patches and Part of the tradition of NASA revolves are noncompetitive and the mission
Other Symbols around the pride taken in the accom patch can achieve the emphasis it
e plishment of various individual pro

jects or missions.
deserves.
Contact the graphics coordinator at
e One mode for expression of this pride

has been the mission patch .
NASA headquarters for advice and
counsel on the use of mission
patches .
e Because of the relatively short dura

tion of any specific mission and be
cause of the unique personality of
each of the patches , they should
e occupy their own visual space , sepa
rated from official NASA identifi
cation. In this way, the two elements
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e The NASA Seal The NASA seal reflects the history
and tradition of the Agency and has a
The seal should never be used along
with the NASA logotype . The two ele
e definite role to play in certain visual

communications.
While the NASA logotype is used in all

ments are intended for different pur
poses and are visually incompatible
when seen side by side.
e of the Agency 's day-to-day com

munications material, the seal should
be reserved for use in connection
Contact the graphics coordinator at
NASA headquarters for advice and
counsel on the use of the seal.
e with award presentations or formal

events and activities which are cere
monial or traditional in nature.
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e Reproduction Art: Logotype
e This page contains camera-ready

reproduction artwork for the NASA
logotype . Thi s artwork may be re
duced or enlarged photographically.
e For additional supplies of reproduc

tion art, contact the graphics coordi
e nator at NASA Headquarters.

e Reproduction Art
e This page contains camera-ready

reproduction artwork. This artwork
should be used at the same size
e shown . Reductions and enlargements

will alter the character of the typog
raphy.
e For additional supplies of reproduc

nator at NASA Headquarters.
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e National National Aeronautics and
e Aeronautics and
Space
e Administration
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e National National Aeronautics and
e Aeronautics and
Space
e Administration
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e National
Aeronautics and
Space
e Administration
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e National
Aeronautics and
Space
Administration
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N/\5/\ N/\5/\
e National
Aeronautics and
Space
e Administration
e Reproduction Art
e This page conta in s camera-ready

reproduction artwork. This artwork
shou ld be used at the same size
shown. Reductions and enlargements
will alter the character of the typog
raphy .
For additional supplies of reproduc

tion art , contact the graphics coordi
e Nl\5/\
Nl\5/\
Space Administration Space Administration
e John F. Kennedy Space Center
Kennedy Space Center, Florida 32899
Kennedy Space Center, Florida 32899
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Nl\5/\
Space Administration Space Administration
John F. Kennedy Space Center John F. Kennedy Space Center
Kennedy Space Center, Florida 32899 Kennedy Space Center, Florida 32899
AC 407 867-2468 AC 407 867-2468
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Space Admin istration Space Administration
AC 40 7 867-2468 AC 407 867-2468
Nl\5/\
Nl\5/\
Space Administration Space Adm inistration
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Space Administrati on Space Ad ministrati on
John F. Kennedy Space Cente r John F. Kennedy Space Center
Kennedy Space Center, Flo rida 32899 Ke nnedy Space Center, Flo rida 32899
AC 407 867-2468 AC 407 867-2468
Reproduction Art: Seal
This page contains camera-ready re

production artwork for the NASA
seal. This artwork may be reduced or
enlarged photographically.
For additional supplies of reproduc

For horizontal alignment:

trim away before reproduction
• NASA Red. This swatch is to be
used in achieving a visual match in
any medium of reproduction includ
ing inks. paints. dyes or other pig
ments when NASA Red is specified.
NASA Red. This swatch is to be
ing inks, paints, dyes or other pig
NASA Red. This swatch is to be
NASA Red . This swatch is to be
any medium of rep roduction includ
e Headquarters Letterhead and A 5/16" (.79 em.) cap height NASA version two, the logotype , all typogra
Envelope logotype is always used in combina phy and the postal indicia are printed
e NASA Headquarters letterheads and

envelopes are standard government
tion with 10/11 pt. Helvetica Light
upper and lower case (large typog
raphy) and 7/8 pt. Helvetica Light
in NASA warm gray.

sizes: 8Y2" x 11" (21 .6 em. x 27.9 em.) upper and lower case (small typog nator for advice and counsel on
letterheads and 4Ya"x 9W' (10.5 em. raphy) . The U.S. Postal Service problems related to letterheads and
x 24.1 em.) #10 envelopes. indicia on the envelope measures envelopes.
e %" (1 .9 em.).
The letterhead and envelope may be

printed in either of two standard color
e schemes. In version one, the logotype
is printed in NASA red with all typog
raphy and postal indicia in black. In
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Envelopes
NASA Center letterheads and enve

A 5/16" (.79 em.) cap height NASA
logotype is always used in combina
tion with 10/11 pt. Helvetica Light
nator for advice and counsel on
problems related to letterheads and
and/or Medium upper and )ower case envelopes.
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lopes are standard government sizes: (large typography) and 1!8.pt. Hel
8 1/2" X 11" (21 .6 em. x 27.9 em.) vetica Light upper and lower case
letterheads and 4 1/8" x 9 1/2" (small typography). The U.S. Postal
(10.5 cm .x 24.1 em .) #10 envelopes. Service indicia on the envelope
measures%" (1.9 em.) .
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e Typing Style The illustration below shows the information begins on this margin.
e standard typing style for NASA

letterheads and envelopes.
The left margin in the typography at

Line spaces are to be used instead
of paragraph indents.
e the top of the letterhead establishes

the left typing margin . All typewritten
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Large Envelopes and Mailing (small typography). The U.S. Postal typography) and 7/ 8 Helvetica Light
Labels Service indicia measures % " upper and lower case (small typogra
(1 .9 em .). phy) camera reduced to 5112 (78 V2 %
Large Envelopes of original) . The U.S. Postal Service
All standard government size large All large envelopes should be printed indicia on the envelope measures %"
envelopes use a 5/16" (.79 em .) cap black (one color) on either wh ite or (1.6 em .). Mailing labels may be
height NASA logotype in comb ina Kraft-colo red stock. printed in either of two standard color
tion with 10/ 11 pt. Helvetica Light schemes . In version one , the logo
and / or Medium upper and lower case Mailing Labels type is printed in NASA red with all
(large typography) and 7/8 pt. Hel NASA Headquarters and Center mail typography printed in black. Inver
vetica Light upper and lower case ing labels measure 3" x 5" (7 .6 em . x sion two , the logotype and all typog
12.7 em .) A V4" (.64 em .) cap height raphy are printed in NASA warm gray.
NASA logotype is used in comb ination
with 8/ 9 Helvetica Light and / or
Medium upper and lower case( large
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Wallops Flight Facility
Wallops Island, Virginia 23337
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News Releases The illustrations below show the style , shown on the letterhead exam
Headquarters and Center versions of ples, apply on the News Release.
the News Release .
The same basic standards of typing
NI\5/\News
Nat1o nal AeronautiCS and
NI\5/\News
Nat1o nal Aero nautiCS and
Space Adm1n1 stra!lon Soace Adm1n1strat1 on
Wash1ng ton 0 C 20546 Goddard Space Flight Center

AC 202 755 8370 Greenbelt Maryl and 20771
AC 301 982 4955
Bill Pome r oy ror Release

Headqua rters, Washington, D. C. John Smith For Release
(Phone : 202/755- 3114) November 5 , 1973 Goddar d Space Flight Center
(Phone: 301/725 - 1234) November 5, 1913
RELEASE NO: 73- 229
RELEASE NO: 73- 229
SKYLAB PUTS Otll' WELCOME MAT FOR COMET
SKYLA.B PUTS OUT WELCOME MAT FOR COMET
Space Sta tion Skylab' s final tenants will move into thei r orbiting home 270
Space Sta tion Skylab ' s final tenants vill move into their orbiting home 270
miles above the Earth on or about November 10 to Complete a harvest of scient
miles above the Earth on or about November 10 to Ccmplete a harves t of scie nt
ific information abou t our home planet and our life giving star , the Sun .
i fic information about our home planet and our life giving star , the Sun.
Two earlier threesomes of tenants occupied the space station for 28 and 59
Tvo earlier threesomes of tenants occupied the space station f or 28 and 59
days before "le a ving the key under the mat" f or the final c r ew that v ill live
days before "leaving the key under the mat" for the final crev that vill li ve
aboard Skylab for up to t wo months .
aboard Skylab for up to t vo months .
Earth r esource s , sol~ astronomy , medical and other experiments vill fill the
Earth resources, solar astronomy , medical and other experiments vill fill the
ve.king hours of the Sk;ylab crevmen , vi th the opportunity to viev the comet
ve.k ing hours of the Skylab crevmen, v ith the opportunity t o viev the comet
Kohoutek as an added bonus in December or January .
Kohoutek as an added bonus in December or January .
Flying above the distorting layers o f Earth a tmosphe re, Skylab ' s solar tele
Flying above the distorting layers of Earth atmosphere , Sky lab's sol ar tele
scopes and astronomical cameras are expected to provide valuable data about
scopes and astronomical cameras are expected to provide valuable data about
the make-up of comets as vell as continuing the surveillance of t he f l ares,
the make -up of comets as vell as continuing the surveill an ce of the flares ,
prominences and other dynamic events taking pla ce on the face of the Sun,
prominences and othe r dyna.mic events t aki ng place on the fac e of the Sun.
Uot to mention the dynamic events taking place on Saturn , the Full Moon and
tlot t o mention the dynamic events taking place on Saturn , the Full Moon and
Venus. But that, gentle reader, is a story too sugges tive for this r elease .
Venus . But that , gentle reader , is a story too suggest ive for this rele ase.
3.5
e
\
Forms As a temporary or transitional meas Redesign of the basic forms them

ure the NASA logotype and identi selves will come at a later date.
e fication is incorporated into existing

forms in the manner shown below.
e
e
e
e
e l~mnnn 1f U . $. GOVER NI-! ENT PRINTING OFFICE:lVMl - S&O · !ISl
Nl\5/\
e Natronal .l\eronautrcs and
Space Admrnrstratron
e
SHIPPING RECEIPT
SHIP TO: DATE
e ITE M DESCRIPTION
JOB NO.
WORK ORDER NO.
e
e
e
-e
e
e !PLEASE SIGN RECEIPT AND RETURN ORIGINAL TO ADDRESS BELOW.)
·-e
RETURN TO:
NASA FORM 1025 N OV 63
e
e
e NASA Publications cation issued by the agency is clearly
identified and credited to NASA.
In the case of a technical diagram or
story-telling illustration , correct de
e Publications co nstitute the largest

communication s output from NASA.
It is in the best inte rests of NASA to
NASA "Stem-Word"
tailing is absolutely necessary to
accomplish the desired communi
cation .
maintain a visual consistency and In some examples shown in this sec
high level of design excellence in all tion , the NASA logotype has been Always analyze the illustration in
of its publication s, whether they are used as a " stem-word " (NASA Activi terms of the communication task it
large or small in their scope and in ties , NASA Facts , etc.) .
e terms of the audiences they are in
tended to reach . A consistency must
also exist in the way that NASA and
This allows the logotype to become at
once the major identification element
must accomplish . Then determine
what technique to use , how realistic
it must be , etc . Where possible , within
e NASA Centers identify themselves as

originators of publications .
and part of the publication title.
The stem-word technique is used only

the restrictions of budget and avail
able material , keep your options open
and utilize the best available photog
raphy and illustration talent . Make
In this way, each publication itself on permanent, regularly published certain they are fully briefed on the
becomes an important extension of documents , and requires advice from task you are assigning to them and
NASA's identity effort. the NASA Graphics Coordinator at that they understand the broad com
Headquarters. munication goal of the project before
The guidelines set forth in this section beginning their work .
are intended to be an aid in accom Illustration & Photography
plishing a strong , integrated, consist Several examples of different sorts
ent " family " of publications through Use of illustration & photography as of illustration and photography are
out NASA. either story telling or major graphic shown in the following pages of this
elements is a key in the design of section. Note the relationship of
e Because of the number and diverse
nature of NASA 's publications , the
guidelines are general for the most
NASA publications .
Simplicity, appropriateness and

illustration to typography and how.it is
used in relation to the total image
produced , not only how successful it
e part. They are , however, specific with

respect to certain elements of style ,
use of typography and use of the
strength of composition is important
in the successful handling of these
elements , not technique alone as is
is in and of itself.
Typography
NASA logotype . sometimes believed and practiced .
Typography and typographic design
The NASA Logotype The absence of detail and deliniation , are the "architecture " of any publica
or symbolic quality, in a cover illustra tion. Based on the structure of typog
The NASA logotype and its attendant tion or photograph provokes interest raphy , the various elements in a publi
elements of style and identification and stimulates the reader to go to the cation fall into their logical locations
are always a requ ired element in any inside of the publication for more
e NASA publication . Somewhere in the
publication full NASA identification
must be shown in order to clarify the
information.
and relationships, forming in the end
a harmonious sequence of visual
events.
e origin of the publication and to iden

tify NASA.
In this section are four pages devoted
to recommended NASA type styles
and sample settings of each . Each
This identification does not neces
sarily have to appear as part of a front
cover design , although in many in
stances this approach seems appro
priate . It may appear on the last page
of a publication , or on the back cover.
The goal is to insure that each publi
style has a specific reason for inclu sented. First, NASA red may be used the basis of standard government
sion in the vocabulary and should be to accentuate the NASA identification printing sizes and capabilities .
used accordingly. and to perform as an accent color in
the publication design . Second, one Deviations from standard sizes shou ld
The most important specific typo of a range of bright, primary and only be used in instances where the
graphic style is derived from the ele secondary colors may be used to en subject matter or the occasion de
ments of NASA identification and is hance the design or aid in the presen mand a special treatment.
composed of Helvetica Light and tation of information . The use of pale ,
Helvetica Medium, upper and lower pastel colors is discouraged in all Most of the publications shown in this
case . This should be the most used NASA publications . Third , NASA gray section are based on standard gov
style in NASA publications because or another middle value gray or neu ernment printing sizes.
of its direct relationship to the NASA tral color may be used as a second
identification elements . color for manufacturing " duo tones " Formats
or two-color half-tone renderings. In
Recommended general elements of situations where black and white All of NASA's publication require
typographic style include flush left, photography dominates , this tech ments, especially in the booklet and
ragged right column setting, bold nique tends to strengthen and deepen brochure category, should utilize a
face headlines and subheadlines and the photographic images, making vertical format unless the subject
minimum one-point line spacing in them much more aesthetically pleas matter or occasion provides a com
text setting. ing than black half-tones. pelling reason to deviate. Horizontal
formats are normally clumsy to han
Color In some special situations , 4/color dle , more awkward to design and
process printing is available . NASA there is no appreciable gain in the
Government printing regulations identification may be easily portrayed total effect produced by using such a
relegate most NASA publications to a in color through the use of 4/ color format.
one or two color printing limitation. ben-day mixtures .
The exception to this rule occurs in Consult with the NASA Graphics Co
certain special situations where the Review the information on color in ordinator at Headquarters on ques
use of 4/color process printing is section one of this manual. tions of size and formats for NASA
appropriate, desirable or necessary publications as well as any question
for the effective portrayal of a par Paper generally or specifically related to
e ticular story.
When limited to one color printing ,

With in the limitations of budget, avail
ability and government printing stand
these guidelines.
e middle range to dark colors should be

used to cover the normal range of
reproduction and legibility require
ments, including use of the NASA
ards, paper speGifications for NASA
publ ications should be directed
toward high-quality non -absorbent
(coated or non -coated) papers which
logotype . provide good ink hold-out and do not
produce fuzzy images as a result of
When a second color is available for their surface quality. Colors specified
use with black, three options are pre should not be in the pastel or faded
color range, but rather bright primary
and secondary colors and in the mid
dle value range .
Sizes
Sizes of NASA publications should ,

as a general rule, be determined on
5.2
Typography-Sans Serif Helvetica is the most important family Headings which accompany Helvetica
Helvetica of type in the NASA Unified Visual Light text settings are set in Helvetica
Communications System . Helvetica Medium . In certain situations Helvetica
Light is used in combination with Bold may be an appropriate alter
the logotype to form the fundamental native . Headings are set in upper and
elements of identification . lower case.
e In addition , this typeface can be used
e in numerous media and in a variety of

situations to create a clean and con
temporary visual program . The cursive
san-serif letterforms make it extreme
ly legible, even at very small sizes .
e ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
e abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
1234567890$(&?!% .,:;-) Helvetica Light
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
e 1234567890$(&?!%.,:;-) He lvetica Med i um
tO pt. He lvetica Ligh t ; 10. 14 pt. Helve ti ca Med ium 10 pt. Helvetica Light ; 10, 14 pt. Helvetica Medium
e Helvetica Medium
The main purpose of letters is the practical one of making
Helvetica Medium
The main purpose of letters is the
e thoughts visible . Ruskin says that all letters are frightful

things , and to be endured only upon occasion , that is to say,
in places where the sense of the inscription is of more
importance than external ornament. This is a sweeping
practical one of making thoughts vis
ible . Ruskin says that all letters are
frightful things, and to be endured
only upon occasion , that is to say, in
statement from which we need not suffer unduly; yet it is places where the sense of the inscrip
doubtful if there is art in individual letters . Letters in combi tion is of more importance than ex
nation may be quite satisfying and in a well-composed page ternal ornament . This is a sweeping
beautiful as a whole. The main purpose of letters is the statement from which we need not
practical one of making thoughts visible . Ruskin says that Helvetica Medium
all letters are frightful things , and to be endured only upon Ruskin says that all letters are
e occasion , that is to say , in places where the sense of the

Helvetica Medium
Ruskin says that all letters are frightful things, and to be
frightful things , and to be endured
only upon occasion , that is to say, in
places where the sense of the inscrip
e endured only upon occasion , that is to say, in places where

the sense of the inscription is of more importance than ex
ternal ornament. This is a sweeping statement fro m which
tion is of more importance than ex
ternal ornament. This is a sweeping
statement from which we need not
we need not suffer unduly ; yet it is doubtful if there is art in suffer unduly; yet it is doubtful if there
e individual letters. Letters in combination may be quite satis
fying and in a well-composed page beautiful as a whole .
is art in individual letters . Letters in
combination may be quite satisfying
and in a well-composed page
e 5.3
Typography-Sans Serif Futura is recommended for a number closed in this section , you will note that
Futura of reasons. The typeface is quite leg 11 pt. Futura is comparable in ap
ible and is versatile enough for catalog pearance to 10 pt. Helvetica.
listings as well as brochure applica
tions. The precision letterforms have When the Futura face is being used,
a technological character and make always specify Futura Demibold head
e it a natural for certain NASA projects.
The Futura face is designed with a

ings. Do not mix Helvetica Medium
headings with Futura text settings.
e small x-height and will require special

attention when specifying the size. In
the comparison of typefaces en
e ABCDEFGH IJ KLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
e obcdefg hi jkl mnopqrstuvwxyz
1234567890${& ?!%.,:;-) Fu tura L ight
e abcdefghiiklmnopqrstuvwxyz
e 1234567890$(&?!%.,:;-) Futur a De mi bo ld
11 pt. Futu ra Light ; 11, 14 pt. Futura Demi bo ld 11 pt. Fut ura Ligh t ; 11, 14 pt. Fut ura Demi bo ld
e Futura Demibold
thoughts visible. Ruskin says that all letters are frightful things,
Futura Demibold
The main purpose of letters is the prac
e
tical one of making thoughts visible.
and to be endured only upon occasion, that is to say, in places
Ruskin says that all letters are frightful
where the sense of the inscription is of more importance than
things, and to be end~red only upon
external ornament. This is a sweeping statement from which we
occasion, that is to say, in places where
need not suffer unduly; yet it is doubtful if there is art in indi
the sense of the inscription is of more
vidual letters. Letters in combination may be quite satisfying and
importance than external ornament. This
ih a well-composed page beautiful as a whole. The main pur
is a sweeping statement from which we
pose of letters is the practical one of making thoughts visible.
need not suffer unduly; yet it is doubtful
Ruskin says that all letters are frightful things, and to be endured
Futuro Demibold
only upon occasion, that is to say, in places where the sense of
the inscription is of more importance than external ornament.
things, and to be endured only upon oc
e Futuro Demibold
Ruskin says that all letters are frightful things, and to be en
casion, that is to say, in places where the

sense of the inscription is of more impor
e dured only upon occasion, that is to say, in places where the
sense of the inscription is of more importance than external
ornament. This is a sweeping statement from which we need not
suffer unduly; yet it is doubtful if there is art in individual letters.
tance than external ornament. This is a

sweeping statement from which we need
not suffer unduly; yet it is doubtful if
there is art in individual letters. Letters in
e Letters in combination may be quite satisfying and in a well
composed page beautiful as a whole. The main purpose of
letters is the practical one of making thoughts visible. Ruskin
combination may be quite satisfying and

in a well-composed page beautiful as a
whole. The main purpose of letters is the
e 54
Typography-Serif Garamond is perhaps the finest of the publications or those of a more per
Garamond "classical" typefaces. It has stood the manent nature. It functions very well
test of time and proved itself to be as in large volume settings and will sus
useful in contemporary design as it tain reader attention .
has been in more traditional applica
tions. Headings may be set in Helvetica
Medium or Garamond Bold. Gara
The main virtues of Garamond include mond Bold is not a particularly heavy
superior readability, handsome char weight and the designer must com
acter, a distinctive Italic, and certain pensate by increasing the size of the
special refinements such as old style headings or by using space around
numerals. them.
Garamond is ideal for high quality
abcdefghi jklmnopqrstuvwxyz
1234567890$(&?!%.,: ;-) Garamond
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
1234567890$( &?! % .,:;-) Garamond Bo ld
10 p t. Ga ramon d ; 10, 14 p t. He lve1 1ca Med 1um 10 pt. Garamond; 1 1, 14 pt. Garamond Bold
Helvetica Medium Garamond Bold

The main purpose of letters is the practical one of making thoughts The main purpose of letters is the practical
visible. Ruskin says that all letters are frightful things, and to be one of making thoughts visible. Ruskin
endured only upon occasion, that is to say, in places where the sense says that all letters are frightful things, and
of the inscription is of more importance than external ornament. to be endured only upon occasion, that is
This is a sweeping statement from which we need not suffer unduly; to say, in places where the sense of the
yet it is doubtful if there is art in individual letters. Letters in com in scription is of more importance than ex
bination may be quire satisfying and in a well-composed page beau ternal ornament. This is a sweeping state
tiful as a whole. The main purpose of letters is the practical one of ment from which we need not suffer
making thoughts visible. Ruskin says that all letters are frightful unduly; yet it is doubtful if there is art in
things, and to be endured only upon occasion, that is to say, in Garamond Bold
places where the sense of the inscription is of more importance than Ruskin says that all letters are frightful
external ornament. This is a sweeping statement from which we things, and to be endured only upon occa
Helvetica Medium sion, that is to say, in places where the
Ruskin says that all letters are frightful things, and robe en sense of the inscription is of more impor
dured only upon occasion, that is to say, in places where the sense of tance than external ornament. This is a
the inscription is of more importance than external ornament. sweeping statement from which we need
This is a sweeping statement from which we need nor suffer un nor suffer unduly; yet it is doubtful if there
duly; yet it is doubtful if there is art in individual letters. Letters is art in individual letters. Letters in com
in combination may be quite satisfying and in a well-composed bination may be quite satisfying and in a
page beautiful as a whole. The main purpose of letters is the practi well-composed page beautiful as a whole.
cal one of making thoughts visible. Ruskin says that all letters are The main purpose of letters is the practical
5.5
Typography- Serif Times Roman is generally regarded ume settings as the reader does not
Times Roman as the best of the modern or transi tire of the appearance.
tiona l typefaces. It offers readabi lity,
character, and a certain utilitarian The entire family of Times Roman ,
quality which makes it quite useful in including Italic and Bold, gives the
publication design . It is designed with designer a practical typeface to solve
e a large x-height which makes it legi

ble at small sizes.
certain complicated problems.
e Times Roman is recommended for

newsletters , house organs and other
news-oriented publications. This
Headings may be set in Helvetica
Medium or in Times Roman Bold .
typeface is appropriate for large vol-
e ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
1234567890$(&?!%.,: ;-) Times Roman
e 1234567890$(&?!%.,:;-) Times Roman Bold
10 pt. T imes Roman; 10, 14 pt. Helvetica Medium 10 pt. Times Roman; 10, 14 pt. T1mes Roman Bold
e Helvetica Medium
Times Roman Bold
The main purpose of letters is the prac
e thoughts visible. Ruskin says that all letters are frightful things,
and to be endured only upon occasion, that is to say, in places
where the sense of the inscription is of more importance than
tical one of making thoughts visible.
things , and to be endured only upon
external ornament. This is a sweeping statement from which occasion, that is to say, in places where
we need not suffer unduly; yet it is doubtful if there is art in the sense of the inscription is of more
individual letters. Letters in combination may be quite satisfy importance than external ornament.
ing and in a well-composed page beautiful as a whole. The This is a sweeping statement from
main purpose of letters is the practical one of making thoughts which we need not suffer unduly; yet it
visible. Ruskin says that all letters are frightful things, and to Times Roman Bold
be endured only upon occasion, that is to say, in places where Ruskin says that all letters are fright
e the sense of the inscription is of more importance than external

Helvetica Medium
Ruskin says that all letters are frightful things, and to be
ful things, and to be endured only upon
occasion, that is to say, in places where
the sense of the inscription is of more
e endured only upon occasion, that is to say, in places where the

sense of the inscription is of more importance than external
ornament. This is a sweeping statement from which we need
importance than external ornament.
This is a sweeping statement from
which we need not suffer unduly; yet it
not suffer unduly; yet it is doubtful if there is art in individual is doubtful if there is art in individual
e letters. Letters in combination may be quite satisfying and in a
well-composed page beautiful as a whole. The main purpose
letters. Letters in combination may be
quite satisfying and in a well-composed
e of letters is the practical one of making thoughts visible. page beautiful as a whole. The main
5.6
e Cover Design:
Leaflets & Folders
Covers for small-scale pub lications
should be thought of as posters in
ahead so that a coord inated fa mily
look might eme rge .
e miniature . Because of the smal l

amount of space , the designer should
attempt to reduce the number of com
In the demonstrations below, note that
all examples incorpo rate the NASA
e petitive elements and to strive for

simplicity. This wi ll require the coop
eration of editorial colleagues so that
logotype and identification but
mai ntai n the ir basic simplicity. Th e
prope r coord in ation of type , photog
e the cover can be clea r, di rect and

attractive .
rap hy and illustration wi ll ensure that
small covers have the im pB.ct of
larger pi eces .
Whe n brochures are to be published
e in a series , it is advisable to plan
e Space Shuttle Apollo-Soyuz Skylab

e Test Project
e
e
e
e
e
e
NatoOnat
AeronautiCs and A&lonauucsand
Sooo< Space
Admonostratoon Adm•n•StratiOt'l
NI\SI\ NI\SI\ NI\SI\
e
e Nl\5/\
National
Aeronautk;s and Film Catalog
e Space
Adm1n1stration 1976-77
e
e
e
Aguide to
.e NASA Centers
and projects
e 1nprogress
Cover Design : Covers for publications in this cate to proper emphasis on Center ac
Journals and Technical gory are straightforward , simple and creditation and headline treatment.
Publications devoid of frills. This is the ideal Standards , such as the use of an
approach to publications which are outline box around all diagrams , will
vehicles for scientific information help organize the covers . Catalog
and research data. numbers should always appear in the
same location from issue to issue .
The covers shown below employ the
stem-word use of the NASA logotype .
Competitive elements have been
reduced andattention has been given
Nl\5/\Tech Briefs
Nat1onat
Aeronautics and
N/\5/\Tech Brief
Nattonal
Aeronaut•csand
Space
Adm tntslrat•on
Space Ames Research Center

Mollet! Field, Caltforn 1a
Adm inistration
Micromin iature Gas Chromatograph

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Front cover Title page of supplement
NJ\5/\ Facts
ME~ucaltOMIPublocat>an
"'~
Nal.onaiAe<""'ut.:osa<XJ
SwceMmn.stral.,..,

G<eent>ell. Ma~ar>O
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'"'""""~'' ~"'"""'"" O<b<v<>,<>le>l"' '"""' pr><><nl lupootumG<I<not "J""du<><dolor<l mol<<to.,,.
eumen•.,.,><n<tofa<tO<tumpoeni<Jum<><lt<>GU<""""' nonpo- o•·oO<n t,,.m o ltcmp<>r>Unt o n<ul~qu oG<><ru nt
n<q..-~unmo4ut<>tn<qU<oon<><omp<<n«<h~>donJ loborum<tdolorfupEthorumddmundfocol" '""
<Uphlo<ol.quu nu llopno<!omuMdont lmptob('l<yn" n lobcrl<mporcumnob"'''"'"dopOoocomaucn ohol omped •l
<O<<<<ndmOf' !l Ood<ldoxle<end<>"'"""'"'" ''"""'

l><"",.""' '"' "'""' m.aoq uol>t«<OOem Ne<~U<~om
f><te>l <ondqu on<Jfl <oi<dfie<ldp<>»!t d uoeon<Oudnoto

Op<ov<lfo<tunof><lonttnlob< r>lotot mol"'""""' " " '
mH omplo«>tfo«rpo<>omomno>•oluptoiO<IUm<ndo
. ..
:'~~~~ !::';:~:: ~-~~~ ~~;.~..:· ~~~.0~· . ...
corud<crU>mh"' '"" " ''."' f"'""J< I«ot•• • ••••p«f..
b<ocvol<nl>lb<On<II1>0!<', 0plh"'" "" 'dqu o<l Endo un &<penor<l<pe l"" H"'<<roc umt<n<><nl<nllorn.qu•d
eumomnonanu n <ll< u.,p«cond qu><"<" '"' '''"''" P comnonpo<»•ao«ommod"< "O'Ol<O'OQ""''"P*" I"'"
<>j>I<OI"R< ) ull oooou ra o ut< nd on on<>U OI "~ "" d"O" tum<to><<J >L No ., mo<<<ln<b<•pl .pie~h o<oe<«<
:~~:~::::~.;~::.:~~~= ;~.~~~·.·:;~,.~~·:;.:
ofl"doptol>ll,><d qu"'"'""d""'"''"'"'f, Nomdohl
'"' <um <OOI.:ICnltOfo<tQrtumj)C><ni<Jumod"""""'"'dul
n<qU<pecuomo<IUI«In<qU<nO<>Ot"•mperne<l l•b•dmJ r.o
<upod,.II,Qu»nu llopwdom umdont lmp<o>pory
p<Opl<olndouohOI"tom<t lupl>tpl<n"'"'<ifo<ot T;>n<" cox r<endmll"' ' "d<tdo<l«<n<l«"•od<>ntur . Inmll
<r<••um omprobfuaO<odod omp<Obotll<pullmu,,.d b<ne<Ono>odou<I"'""·"Q"""cdfi<l<m
5.8
Cover Design : Mastheads for news publications are for their content, impact and graphic
News Publications strong , attractive and uncluttered . value. Unless the subject possesses
Attention should be paid to the various these attributes, it will be an ineffective
typographic elements so that things cover image.
are read in the proper order. Owner
ship of the publication is paramount The covers below demonstrate the
and should be followed by the titling of use of the NASA logotype on typical
a lead article. Center and agency-wide publications.
Photographs or illustrations which

appear on covers should be selected
N/\51\
-
,......... , ..........
................
... .. ..-~
.......... ,................
_~
... -s..,..,r.,,..,_,
t.-sm .... ,,__.__,,,_
......
~
NI\5/\Activities
Nallonal
Aeronautics and
Space
_, __ ...
__..,. .......-.s.o.-s-.
_ _,.,,._,_,_..,,.
c..-t~SCI
Adm1n1strat10n
,... ,""
_ _ ...... _ .. _ ....s-o
"'''"'- ..-- _...

......... s.-o,..... ..,.._,,..,,,_
.............
---......--~
"~---··
......... ...
...-..--.So...,_......
...__ __ us•~-
-~
February 15, 1975
Vol. 6, No.2
...... ....-. --..
,,.,.,,_ _ _ S<I110
.._---
_,. _ _,...,._.......,,.,.,u1tu
..... __
--. _ .. ,_......
~-------
,._,....,_,v.,.,...,.,...,.....,
_,.,.. -..s.. .....
.....~ ..-.....
.....,...,_,,..__,
__ ,..._.,.,..,.,_ __,,_
'""~--·u-•-•,..,,,...,...,.
. .
-.. ,. ,...,_,, , .......
~-·
,.,.,,...-,..,,,_, .... ,,.,_,

.................. ,_ .....................
__......
~ _,,.,..,.,.,, '"""'"' ,_,
.,"""""''"'' ' '"'"'~"'~"'
- ... .
'"'""s" ""••"'"""'~'""'"H"·•
___ ..._,""'"'"""'...,.,m_
"""'"'"'........
,,.s,o,.,.""-·'"'"""""..,.••.,, "''""''
""""s
·-~
--........·-·-
.. .,.._...
••·-'"'"ST•-·"",_."
........_0,
. .... - ___ ..._,
......
_..,...,
.- ..,
.............. ,. _,
............................
.....
""'""""'·--·-~·-"'"'
...
lo._._,..,._,...,__,,,w,_
Cover Design : Covers in this category are dramatic distinguish the cover from other
Quality Publications and appealing . The main purpose competitive publications .
of the cover is to attract the reader and
serve as an effective preview of what 4/ color process printing is desirable ,
is to follow. It is, in one sense , a pack wherever possible , to contribute to the
aging problem and both front and general effect and prestige of the
back covers should be considered publication. While it is impossible to
part of the package . show our demonstrations in color,
all of the covers below were designed
Concepts play an important role in in 4/color process.
quality publications and should be ex
plored thoroughly. Special attention Note that space has been used to
must be paid to the quality of the pho separate the mission patch from the
tograph or illustration as well as NASA logotype and signature.
the content. Superior quality will help
Back cover Front cove r

Cover Design : Case bound covers are kept simple Educational publications can rely on
Case Bound and with heavy emphasis on typography. typography in a fairly direct manner.
Educational They should project a certain clas The title is the most important consid
Publications sic or timeless look and cannot be eration and can be handled in a
over-embellished . Careful attention to contemporary way without pretentious
production techniques will ensure frills .
a more successful overall package.
It may be advisable to use the NASA

logotype inside the publication rather
than on the cover-thus achieving
better reproduction .
Space Mathematics
A Resource for Teachers

Outlin1ng
Supplementary
Space Related Problems
In Mathematics
N/\5/\
• •
'
.··· .
';If'
e Press Kits/Directories The main elements in the design of
press kits are layout, typography and
most directories will have very plain
interiors, there is potential to apply a
e the logotype/ signature. Other visual

motifs are unnecessary and may be in
conflict with the material inside the
graphic device , illustration or pho
tograph to the cover. One example of
this is shown in the demonstrations
kit. This is an area of design which is below.
best served if the graphics are mod
ern but not elaborate.
The main function of a directory is to

convey data and information in a
concise and efficient manner. Since
George C. Marshall
Space Flight Center
Press Information
-e
e Ames Research Cenler Telephone Direclory 1976-77
Nl\5/\
N.iiO>~/Ie()aJic;,ll'<1
Stn:::eidH..<.J!dTQ:I
Posters/Broadsides Posters are a vital and effective form Broadsides have similar characteris
of visual communication . Immediacy tics as the poster but usually carry
is the most important single element much more information and thus re
in poster design so it is important to quire considerable study and atten
avoid conflicts which will compromise tion. Both mediums can have impact
the effect. Simple, bold headlines and are desirable tools of the com
along with uncomplicated graphics municator.
can produce the desired results .
Remember that the logotype/identifi
cation must be large enough and
positioned well for good readership
and retention.
The Grid-What it is A grid is a predetermined understruc There are a multitude of grids which
ture which the designer can employ can be developed and used by the
to give a publication cohesive style designer. In the illustration below we
and character. It is a great organizer explore the rudiments of a grid and
of material and as such will save its application to a hypothetical pub
countless man hours in execution . It lication.
will also help bring continuity to var
ious diverse publications.
e
e 1. Starting with the overall size of the
publication , a designer analyzes the
type of information , photographs, cap
tions , etc . which are required.
2. The grid is applied to the double

spread-it will determine all margins,
gutters , folio placement, etc . In this
case a 2-column grid is demonstrated.
3. The designer can now begin to

block in the various elements such as
headlines , columns of text typogra
phy, photographs, captions and folios .
This approach can be applied to the
entire publication , including its cover.
(Folio placement should always be
in the outside margins.)
Relating Cover & Interior It is possible and desirable to use the a. Grid based on alignment with
Formats interior grid to make a more success squa re image on front cover. Head
ful cover design, one that looks like it lines at top of page .
"be longs " to the publication it hou ses. b. Grid which has all headlines and
text " hanging" from top of page. Pho
It is therefore advisable to solve the tographs at bottom.
publication design as a whole, rather c. Grid which has a symmetrical cen
than attempting to execute the cover ter line from which text and photo
out of context Once the interior atti graphs break up and down.
tude has been determined it is possible
to relate this back to the cover.
The examples below indicate the

variety of approaches:
a
NJ\51\
Interior Grid Formats: It is advisable to use one-column for b. Headings and text align at top of
e Leaflets & Folders mats in small brochures and folders .

Grids which can be employed are
numerous and three are shown below .
page . Photographs on separate track
at bottom of page with captions above .
c. Headings and captions align at top
e a. Headings align at top of page . Text

and illustration s occupy major portion
of page. Text is confined to bottom
half of page . Photographs are full
bleed pages.
of page . Captions are positioned in
double margin space across bottom
of brochure.
e Interior Grid Formats: In general , two-column formats will b. Top to bottom use of space but
e Journals and Technical

Publications
function best for this category of pub
lications. Because of the technical
nature of these publications it is best
with some open areas of illustration ,
diagrams, etc. Outline boxes should
be used around all technical diagrams.
e to use most of the space on the page .

Some relief from the volume of type
is desirable as indicated in the formats
Rules are employed to separate
articles.
c. Top alignment of headings and
e be low.
a. Whi te band ac ross top of page

funct ions as " breathing space ." This
text Single page has been divided
into 6 equal rectangles. Captions
are positioned under photographs.
e area might incorporate folios and

an occasio nal important headline.
e a.
e
e
e
e
e
e b
e
e ~- f'·•, "
~1
e
e
e c
e
e
e
e
Interior Grid Formats: The examples shown on this page are complete in themse lves- not re lating
i'Jews Publications models for news publicati ons . There to specific artic le.
are other grid s which can be devel b. Uses a three-column grid. Rule
oped depending on the characteristics motif is used to isolate photo essays.
of a specific publication. Most pub Photographs always positioned at
lications of this type have a great num top or bottom of page.
ber of articles, photographs and c. Large scale use of photograp hy in
captions to be displayed and a good a three -column format. Ph otog raphs
underlyi ng grid can be very valuable. positioned in loose co nfigu rati ons.
a. Emp loys a two-column format .

Uses a bracket device to isolate pho
tographs and captions which are
e c r-- -
r-- r--- -
r--- r-- -
r---

-
:=II - r
•
- - =-
••• ••••••••
=----c-
- ,.....---

I-
r--
II -
- - -
-
- r--
r--
r--
Interior Grid Formats : Th is category of publication is per side of page. Typography hangs from
Quality Publications haps the hardest to format in this top of page in "rag " column treat
manual as there are endless possibili ment (unequal columns). Top and
ties. Generally speaking, the formats bottom alignment is overall theme.
shou ld enjoy more open space and b. White border margins used through
project a spirit of freedom rather than out. Several horizontal reference
confinement. Three-column formats lines. Text confined in block area
will create more movement and flexi which echoes shape of 2/3 page
bility than two-column. photograph.
c. Text occupies similar space on
Shown below are three possible each page, photographs or illustra
formats. tions used in small , medium and large
scale. Captions for all images are
a. Larg e scale photographs or illustra grouped in one place.
tions which bleed off left and right
a
r-- - r-- t- r-- t:::::==
t----
t-- r-- t--
!-- t--
t-- r-- r-- t----
!--
r - - r-- r-- t--
t--
r--
~
r------==
~

b
Interior Grid Formats: These publications are of a more tra measure text setting . All visual matter
Case Bound and ditional nature and are handled in a is displayed in margins and is combi
Educational Publications slightly more restrained manner. Serif nation of square finish and silhouette .
typefaces are appropriate here as c. Horizontal white band at top to
well as the occasional use of justified carry headings and captions . Single
typography . column text setting with bleed pho
tographs . Possible use of other
a. Two-column format with wide mar refinements such as large scale nu
gins . All illustrations confined to merals to designate chapters.
width of text typography and posi
tioned where appropriate to editorial
matter.
b. Single-column format with wide
a ,---------------------,-------------------- - ,
c
-
I ;<:
NASA Signs General Principl es communicate to a spec ific audience. seq uence of events whi ch includes: cate quickly , especia ll y to drivers of niqu e. Color shou ld be chosen based
Simple , functiona l, co ntempora ry Th ey id entify fac ilities , guide to a arri ving at a facil ity, going to a spe vehicles. on the type of Sun con ditions whi ch
signs are an integral and effecti ve part desired location , wa rn , not ify, or an cif ic building, th en seeking a floor and prevail ; i.e., a dark background wi th
of the NASA Unifi ed Visual Com nounce something to the sig n use r. room number. Relating the specific Pl acement of th e sign is ve ry impor reversed (white) letters will be more
munication s System. The sign demon sign to a large r context will yield th e tant. Th e sign should be placed for legible against a bright desert sky.
stration s shown on th ese pages should Thi s signage section is divided into best results. Also, categorize signs by optimum viewing distance. It is good
se rve as models when sig ns are two fundamental parts, exterior (6. 1) functiona l types as a method of sim to test these co nditi ons by creating Use consistent message formats to
be ing developed for a particular site, and interior (6.2) , but ce rtain prin plifying the overall signing task. mock up sign s out of photostats and create a uniform look and coordi nated
building , or facility. Th ey are intend ed cipals apply to both categories. The in expe nsive materials , and thu s de sign program. NASA signs should
to provide general guid elines when following points should be reviewed A sign should be thought of as a large termin e th eir effectiveness before employ the flush left, ragged right for
NASA sign systems are being planned . and considered at the inception of scale headline; th erefo re , language fabri cating th e fini shed product. mat as demonstrated on these pag es.
signing activity. should be clear and concise. Brevity
Signs function on many different is des irabl e in order to communi Consider envi ronm ental factors when
leve ls, but th ei r basic purp ose is to Employ a systems app ro ac h to sign developing sig nage. Weather con
ing. Begi n by developing an overa ll dition s should determin e the materi al
plan of signage based on a logical selected and the fabric ation tech
Exterior Identifi cation
a . Site sig n at major fac ili ty. Shoul d be execute d d

in a perm anent material su c h as alumin um
or mold ed reinforce d fib erg lass. Shou ld in
clud e a revea l (shadow groove) betwee n sign
and pos ts.
Nl/\51\ 9a
Mockup and
b. Build ing mounted identifi ca tion sign.

c. Contractor sign. Possibly modula r so th at
Integration
the bottom portion can be replaced. Laboratory
Langley
d. Wall moun ted, free standing meta l letters.
May be app rop ri ate fo r a mai n build ing or
Vi si tor Center. Dime nsion al letters mus t be of b
high est quali ty and com plementa ry to th e
archi tectural surface. Mockups should be Space Administration
tested for material, co lor, height and depth of
lette rs, method of affixing to building.
Research Center Alpha Omega
Corporation
c
----------------------------------~L_~--------------------------------------------------------------~ a
Exterior Informati onal
e. Wall or ceiling mounted directional signs.

May be metal or acryl ic. Note: relationship of
arrow to heig ht of ca pital lette r.
~Shipping Warning
f. Faci lity di rectional sign constru cted similarly
to item a (above).
g. Trailbl aze r sig ns. Can be meta l fo r pe rma -+Receiving
nent use, or pa inted woo d fo r temporary use. e
h. Informati onal sign uses abbreviated lan
g uage style fo r speed of communicatio n. Tu esdays and
i. Map and location directory can be metal, re Thursdays
inforced fiberglass , or othe r permanent me h 1200-1630 Hrs.

di um . Graphics must be simple and stylized
to aid th e use r. May be bac k lighted if
appropri ate. Lyndon B. Johnson
j. Parking sig n with replaceabl e bottom po r Space Center
tio n. Letterform " P" is from D.O. T. Symbol/
Sig ns library.
k. Sig n d isplays much in formation in a smal l
space .
I. Modul ar sig n se rves to warn viewer of pos
sible dange r and restricts access. Weekdays
m. Modula r sign restricts ent ry or passage. 0700-1900 Hrs.
Evenings 2000-2130 Hrs.
Weekends and Holidays
0900-2230 Hrs.
All personnel must enter
through Gate A.
m
~------------------~ K
NASA Signs General Principles-Continued for signage typography. Avoid hand which serves its basic utilitarian func temporary, and consider the cost of the logotype (1 .7) for large-scale
Helvetica , the keystone typeface in lettering or other crude execution tion while complementing the archi effectiveness of the material. Some use on signs.
the NASA Unified Visual Communica techniques. tectural scheme. times the material which seems to be
tions System, is used on all exterior a bargain does not turn out to be if Consider mounting techniques , espe
and interior signs. The models shown Keep the signs simple . Avoid the use Consider flexibility when designing the sign must constantly be replaced cially for interior signage , which are
in this signage section feature Hel of borders or other types of artificial sign systems. Often a sign which has a or refurbished. simple and flexible; i.e, small plaques
vetica Medium . Occasionally, such as embellishment. These only serve modular capacity can be very eco and signs can be affixed with foam
on building directories , Helvetica to clutter the sign and lessen its effec nomical in the long run. Several of the Incorporate the NASA logotype tape which does not mar the surface.
Regular is used in combination with tiveness as a communication tool. sign models shown here are modular where practical and appropriate. Site
the Medium weight. Set large words in in order to have a greater life span signs , temporary and permanent , In general, try to coordinate signage
Display phototypography, optically Signs should always be designed to and be less expensive. should include NASA identification. needs so that a number of signs
spaced , and camera-enlarged to integrate with the architectural setting . Major buildings and Visitor Centers can be produced at the same time.
needed size. Remember to use "nor Choice of material, color, and size Choose materials according to lon should be marked as well. This will This will produce a better, more ef
mal" rather than "tight " letterspacing should be based on an awareness of gevity requirements , permanent versus create maximum exposure, and will fective family of signs and will also
the environment where the signs will strengthen the overall perception be more cost-effective to the Agency.
be viewed. Effective signage is that of the Agency. Use the grid drawing
Interior Directional
a. Ceiling moun te d sign w hi c h is modular,

allow ing sect ion s to be replac ed o r transpo sed .
"Conference Room Conference
Sh ould be of perm ane nt materi al and inte
grate w ith th e exist ing cei li ng hardware. Room 231
b. Wall moun te d ve rsion of item a.

c. Similar to items a an d b , but w ith a differe nt In use
co lo r sc heme and lang uage. John Moore
d . Fl oor directory is modular and mad e of a
L
perm anent materi al like acrylic or metal. May
~
be rear ill uminat ed if appropriat e.
~130-140, r232
L __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~g
145
Interior Identification
-+100-129
e. Wall pla que of ac ry lic with subsurface b ~
scree n printing (on bac k si d e) for permanen ce.
Logistics Division 415
f. Doo r pla q ue of acry lic w ith sliding pan el Management Systems Division 412
fo r easy repl ace ment. Medical Division 426
g .. w all moun te d or .d oor mou nted pla qu e wit h ~ ~Laboratory Ic Office of the Director 401
sl1d 1ng panel fo r occu pa ncy fun ct1ons. Personnel Management 423
h. Desk id entifi er w1th repl aceable name.
i. Wa ll mo unted plaq ue wi th re placea bl e name. -+
Budget Division 432
Civil Rights Staff 465
b
Executive Officer 455
/ Christine Johnson -
L-------------------~d L h
Interior Informational
j . Build ing di rectory is modula r and made of

metal or ac ryl ic. Could be wa ll mou nted or
f ree standi ng. Rear illumi nated if appropriate. Directory Press No Admittance
k. Movab le sig n for temporary use. Co nstructed
of metal w it h replaceable message panel.
Information
I. DOT Symbo l/Sig ns employed rathe r than
unnecessary wo rds .
Room 415
Interi or Regul ato ry
at 11 a.m.
m . Symbo l/Sign rest ricts smoking activity
n. Wal l or fence mo u nted sig n wa rns and
[{] '--------------'m
res tr icts access to ce rtai n areas.
-----------------------~----------------------------------------------~~------------------~k
6.2
e NASA Motor Vehicle on all dark color vehicles darker than
Identification a 40% value on a gray scale , or 3)
e The identification markings of all

NASA owned or leased vehicles
NASA red logo and black typography
only on white vehicles.
e conform to GSA regulations regarding

type sizes and the positioning of the
identification on both front doors of
Shown to the right is a 10-step gray
scale showing values ranging from a
10% gray to a solid black. When mark
e the vehicle , or in a prominent location

on the vehicle when the former is
impractical.
ing vehicles where the color of the
vehicle is in a middle-value range and
it is uncertain whe1her the identification
e Four elements comprise the standard

vehicle identification configuration :
should be white or black, place th is
scale up to the color of vehicle in
question to determine the value . The
the government use identification edge of one step on the gray scale
e (%" / 1.9 em cap height) , the NASA
logotype (3 Vs "/7 .9 em cap height) ,
the agency identificaton (1 " / 2.54 em
should nearly disappear in ju xtaposi -
tion with the color of the vehicle.
e cap height) , and the installation identi " Special " vehicles that requ ire paint
fication (1 "/ 2.54 em cap height). ing and offer high visibility to the
general public (i.e . tractor-trailer vans ,
e The identification configurations are buse s, etc .), should be painted in the
pre-spaced , dry-transfer, mylar letter white / blue scheme with a NASA red
ing sheets . Because of the limited logotype , as shown on the following
e door-width of many vehicles, some

installation names have been set up
in two lines to fit within these rest ric
pages . Proposed designs for such
vehicles should be submitted to the
NASA Graphics Coordinator.
tive spaces .
e As a general rule , the identification
configuration is applied on a flat sur
Two sizes of typography are available
for application to large vehicles. For
tractor-trailer vans (and vehicles of a
e face as high as possible on the front
doors of the vehicle avoiding sculp
tured edges , door handles, side-view
similar scale), the cap height of the
typography is 3%". For buses (and
vehicles of a similar scale) , the cap
e mirrors, and other hardware. The con height of the typography is 2% ". The
figuration is visually centered laterally agency name always remains in the
from the edges of the door, in the same two-line configuration and the center
e approximate position on both doors.
Due to the wide variety of vehicles

identification appears in one line
positioned below the agency name at
a distance of two-times the cap height,
e used by NASA, it may be necessary to baseline to baseline . For example , on a

make some adjustments in the appli
cation of the agency identification to
tractor-trailer van, the cap height of
the typography is 3%" and the center
accommodate chrome strips, door name is positioned 7" below the sec
e guards, etc . It is imperative in these
instances to maintain the flush-left
handling of the logotype and all
ond line of the agency name , baseline
to baseline . When 2%" cap height type
is used , the center name is positioned
Black Type
e typography.
In appropriate instances where space

5%" below the second line of the
agency name , baseline to baseline.
e allows , as shown in various demon

strations on the following pages , the
logotype may be separated from the
An intermediate size of 1 %" cap
height typography is also available for
intermediate size vehicles (tractors ,
Black Type
e identification configuration and used

in a larger size elsewhere on the
vehicle for a better display.
trucks, vans, small buses , and vehicles
of a similar scale) to be used with a
5" or larger logo .
e Most vehicles are marked in one of

three color schemes : 1) black logo
and typography on all light color
Black Type
e vehicles up to a 40% value on a gray

scale , 2) white logo and typography
e Black Type
Motor Vehicles :
The majority of NASA vehicle identifica figuration is black (fig. a). If the vehicle
Various Colors & Values
tion consists of marking a wide variety is darker than a 40% value on the
of makes, models and types of vehicles gray scale, the identification configura
painted in an equally wide variety of tion is white (fig. b).
colors and values. These vehicles are
marked with either black or white iden Note that in these demonstrations the
tification configurations , as shown typography does not overlap the
on the two sedans below. sculptured edges or molding on the
doors and the flush-left handling of
Using the gray scale on the previous all the elements is retained .
page , the color value of the vehicle
is determined. If the vehicle is a 40%
value or lighter, the identification con
NJ\51\
Ames Research Center
Motor Vehicles:
A "special" vehicle, intended to be The color specifications for the white/
White & "Special" Vehicles
more conspicuous to the general pub blue scheme (gloss enamels from the
lic, may be painted in the white/blue Federal Standard Color System) are
A white vehicle provides an opportu scheme shown below (fig. b). The as follows: White# 17886, Blue
nity to utilize the logotype in NASA red vehicle is visually divided in half into # 15102.
with all other typography in black, as a white stripe on top and a blue stripe
shown below (fig. a). The sizes and on the bottom. (The specific contours
relationships of the identification con of the car model often suggest where
e figuration remain the same. Note that

a red logo is used only on a white
background for vehicles.
the division should be). The govern
ment use identification is black, the
logotype is NASA red, and the agency
e and center identification is white. The

flush-left handling of all elements is
retained.
e
e
e ForOff lcoaiUseOn ly
US Government
NJ\51\
c=::::::::J
=
e
Goddard
Space Flight Center
-
e
The Identification Configuration The illustrations below show the vari tioning of the configuration to accom
With the Logotype ous sizes of the four elements that modate chrome molding , door guards ,
comprise the identification configura etc . that vary on most vehicles. It is
tion and the approximate placement of imperative to retain the flush -left
the configuration on the door of the handling of all elements .
vehicle.
The small illustration below demon
These marking configurations are pre strates the correct application of the
spaced, dry-transfer mylar letters. configuration to the passenger door.
The center name , prepared in either
one or two lines , is positioned 2" below
the agency name as shown below. It
may be necessary to adjust the posi
e For OffiCial Use Only

U.S Government
N/\5/\
e Natio nal Aeronautics and
Space Admin istrat ion
Lewis Research Center
e
I
For Official Use Only .:=E%".__1_ ____,
U.S . Government
N/\5/\
Passeng er doo r application
3 Ys"I 3%"
1 ":=t= National Aeronautics and
e 1 ":=t= Lewis Research Center

2
" 1
e
e The Identification Configuration
Without the Logotype
In appropriate instances , the NASA
logotype may be separated from the
height logotype appears elsewhere on
th e vehicle for a better display. Refer to
e ide nt ificati on configuration and po si

tion ed elsewhere on the ve hicl e or in
a larger size. The remaining identifica
the various demonstrations on the
following page.
tion elemen ts remain on th e front The small illustration below demon

doors of the vehicle. strates the correct application of the
configuration , sa ns the logotype , to the
The illu strations below show the vari passenger door. All elements are
e ous sizes of elements that comprise
the identification configuration, sans
the logotype , and the approximate
flush-left.
e placement of the configuration on the

door of the ve hicle . The 3Va" cap
For OfiiCial Use Only

U S Government
Ames Research Center
Dryden
Flight Research Facility
Fo r Official Use Only =:E 314" 1 1

Passenger door application
U.S . Governme nt
2
1 "-::L National Aeronautics and } "
e 1 "-::L Ames Research Center

Dryden
=r 2
"
Flight Research Facility

e
e Motor Vehicle Identification
Demonstrations
The flexibility and variety of the NASA
vehicle identification system is demon
is adjusted to accommodate the con
tour edge of the vehicle while retaining
c) Panel truck with windows : The
larger logotype (8" cap height) is sep
e) Bus : The white/blue scheme may
also be appropriate here. The cap
standard configuration for a white
vehicle is applied to the cab doors.
e strated in the seven illustrations below.

The consistency within the system is
achieved through the simple, clean
the flush-left configuration .
b) Panel truck: On a color of dark

arated from the other identification and
aligns with the x-height of the first line
of the configuration . All identification
height of the typography is 2%" and
the cap height of the logotype is 12"
on this and other vehicles of this scale.
The gloss enamels are from the Fed
eral Standard Color System : White
# 17886, Gray# 16165.
e application of the typography and the

distinctive display of the logotype
on the various vehicles .
value, all identification is white. Ade
quate space allows the logotype to be
separated from the other identification
is white on a dark color vehicle.
f) Truck : On trucks that require paint g) Station wagon: The standard size
d) Tractor-trailer van: This is an appro ing, the cab is white and the remainder NASA red logotype (3Va" cap height)
e a) Pick-up truck: On a color of light

value , all identification is black. A 5"
cap height logotype is used at the rear
and displayed in a larger size (8" cap
height).
priate use of the white/blue scheme
on a vehicle which may be frequently
seen by the public. The cap height of
the typography is 3%" and the cap
of the vehicle is NASA warm gray. A is positioned at the rear of the white
station wagon . The typography on the
door retains the flush-left handling of
the elements.
e of the vehicle for a more prominent

display. The typography on the door
height of the logotype is 24" on this
and other vehicles of this scale. An 18"
logotype is available for smaller vans.
e
e
e
e N/\5/\
e
e
e
e Nl\5/\
D .=
e fTJ/
Nl\5/\
I 7
rt Jf T7
e
e d
e
e
e = =
e
e
Aerospace Education Unit While th is specific vehicle design is type as the primary element identifying
distinct from the other veh icles shown the vehicle to the agency. The name
This is an example of a special pur on the previous pages, it has a sim ilar of the specific vehicle (i.e . Aerospace
pose vehicle that offers wide exposure " family " look due to the use of the Education Unit) is on the second level
of the NASA Unified Visual Communi Helvetica typefaces , the flush-left of emphasis . The full agency and cen
cations System to the general public. handling of the typography, the large ter name are in a small scale and
The design utilizes NASA red and display of the logotype and the rela subordinate to these two elements .
warm gray with a large logotype. tionships between the various The government use information
e elements.
A clean , simple look is desired in all

remains on the front doors of the
vehicle .
such instances, emphasizing the logo

e
NASA Aircraft Paint and Some typical approved paint scheme logotype is NASA red, accompanied of a rubber boot or the leading edge To comply with FAA regulations , the Aircraft Operations personnel at each
Marking Scheme applications are shown on the follow by the aircraft number in black Hel of the vertical fin . complete registration number will field installation can provide other
e The overall aircraft paint and marking

scheme normally consists of a blue
ing pages. Although not complete
in all details, these exa mples demon
strate some common relationships
vetica Medium. These markings are
as large as possible. When the
markings exceed 12" in height, the
On the left side of the fin, the logo
type and numerals are always flush
usually appear in 12" white Helvetica
Medium within the blue stripe on
the fuselage between the end of the
operational or safety marking re
quirements to be included in devel
oping applications of this paint and
e stripe down the middle of the fuse

lage sides, white fuselage top, white
wings, gray fuselage bottom, FAA
between the aircraft structure and the
marking scheme, incorporating the
following guidelines to be used in
logotype is a minimum of 25%
larger than the numerals.
left. On the right side, the configura
tion is always flush right in approxi
mately the same position. When
wings and the leading edge of the
horizontal stabilizer.
marking scheme to other aircraft.
All new applications of the paint and
e registration number and other mark

ings for exits , rescue , warning areas,
etc. This scheme incorporates uni
developing paint scheme applica
tions for other aircraft:
Based on the size logotype being
used, there is approximately one
stroke-width 's space between the
movable control surfaces are in
volved, the sizes and positions of
these elements are carefully deter
Exit and rescue markings shall be
in accordance with U.S. Air Force
T.O. 1-1-4, except that FAA regula
marking scheme must be submitted
to the Aircraft Office for Headquarters
approval.
form logotype markings applicable The preferred location of the logotype logotype and the numerals, and also mined to avoid breaking the logotype tions for commercial air carriers
e to NASA-controlled aircraft. is on the vertical fin (for vertical fin
aircraft), unless operational consid
between the logotype and the edge on a curved stroke on either side . may be used for NASA administra
tive aircraft.
erations preclude such location. The
e
e Anti-glare, flat black
painted panel.
2" yellow stripe around
main entrance door
perimeter.
25" blue stripe: posi
tioned 3" above and
below windows.
2" yellow stripe outlines
emergency exit windows.
FAA regi stration number:
8" black Helvetica
Medium numerals align
with top of blue stripe,
centered laterally on
24" red logotype flush
left with numerals below.
24" red logotype. Note

position of "A" on
rudd er, and distance
between logotype and
polished metal lead
e white engine nacelle.
t 8" black Helvetica

Medium numerals flush
left with logotype.
ing edge.
72"
e
e
e
e
e Blue stripe curves down;
white stripe meets center
of nose. 6" white stripe. Gray belly of fuselage.
White side- force genera
tor panels.
Unpainted poli shed
metal leading edge.
2" yellow stripe outlines
exit baggage door
Detail A:
Left Side Tail
Scale : 3/ 16"=1'
e
e Anti-glare, flat black
painted panel.
White upper portion of
fuselage.
Unpainted polished
metal leading edge.
White engine nacelles
and engine mounts with
unpainted polished
White vertical and hori
zontal stabilizers with
unpainted polished
24" red logotype. Note

position of "N" on
rudder, and distance
e metal leading edges. metal leading edges.

between logotype and
polished metal lead
ing edge.
e 18" black Helvetica

Medium numerals. Note
flush right alignment.
e
e
e
e Gulfstream II (STA):
Left Side and Top Views
Scale: 118" = 1'
Unpainted polished
metal leading edge.
White top and bottom
wing surfaces.
Black rear portions of
engine nacelles and
Detail B:
Right Side Tail
engine mounts. Scale: 3/16"=1'
A
e NASA Aircraft Markings b) Northrop T-38 : The top of the blue
stripe aligns with the top edge of the
d) Beech Oueenair 80: The blue
stripe is positioned under the
f) Lockheed F-1 06: The bottom of the
blue stripe aligns with the leading
h) Bell UH-1 8 Helicopter: The top of
the blue stripe aligns with the bottom
Medium numerals. This type of air
craft (when repainted by NASA) is
e The marking scheme adapts well to

the wide range of aircraft shapes and
sizes that comprise the NASA fleet.
jet engine nacelle. Fuselage mark
ings are flush with the trailing edge
of the wings.
windows . Fuselage markings meet
the 12" cap height requirement,
aligning with the rear edge of the
edge of the wings. Fuselage markings
are flush left with the tail markings.
of the cockpit window and angles
up the tail. The logotype and numer
al are in a horizontal configuration,
painted following the white/blue/
gray scheme shown here.
e Shown below are approved paint and

marking schemes for eight aircraft. c) Lockheed F-1 04: The blue stripe
aligns with the width of the jet engine
window above.
e) Lockheed P-3 : The blue stripe in

g) Beech C-45: The blue stripe
aligns with the top and bottom of the
windows. Fuselage markings meet
flush left under the doorwindows.
These eight schemes serve also as

Complete detailed specification
drawings (including color specifica
tions) on all aircraft shown on these
a) Grumman Gulfstream 1: The win inlet cone and the nose of the cludes the round windows on the the 12" cap height requirement, cen guides for developing marking pages, are available from the NASA
e dows determine the width and place
ment of the blue stripe. Fuselage
fuselage. Fuselage markings align
with the top of the wings.
fuselage . An American flag, required
on this aircraft, is flush right with the
tered within the blue stripe. applications for other aircraft in the
NASA fleet. Leased or loaned air
Aircraft Office .
markings align with the top edge of logotype. Wing and horizontal sta craft may have a minimum marking of
e the windows. bilizer tips are red for high visibility

against white backgrounds.
a red logotype with black Helvetica
e
e
e
e
a) Grumman Gulfstream I
e
e
e
e b) Northrop T-38 f) Lockheed F- 106
e
e
e c) Lockheed F-104
e
e
e d) Beech Queenair 80
h) Bell UH-1 B Hel1copter
e
e
.. The marking of NASA spacecraft Another important consideration Only a few isolated areas were desig Note that the NASA Logotype appears employ one or several of the available
vehicles is essential, critical, and dif is that the vehicle be marked so that nated for graphics by flight engineers in NASA Gray so as not to conflict markings. Though they vary in size,
ficult. It is quite important that any it can be identified from different and scientists. Working within these with the red of the American flag . The shape , and configuration, they never
identification or markings which ap angles, whether in a launch mode or serious constraints , the Shuttle Orbiter flag is equal to the height of the theless maintain a strong overall re
pear on spacecraft be consistent with in outer space. is fully marked with all of the basic capital letters on the side, top, and lationship within the NASA Unified
the overall goals of the NASA Unified identifiers: The NASA Logotype , the bottom of th e craft. The placement of Visual Communications System.
Visual Communications System . Of course , the overriding considera American flag , United States, USA, these identifying elements is respon
These vehicles represent tangible tion is that the markings not interfere plus the name of the particular craft. sive to technic al requirements as well
evidence of many of NASA's most or impede the scientific mission of Helvetica Medium is the typeface as being harmonious with the basic
interesting programs. As such, they the craft. This principle applies to used on the spacecraft. shape and form of the Shuttle.
are the focus of considerable public maintenance as well as the opera
and media attention and should be tional qualities of the craft when On the following gatefold you will see
marked in simple but effective ways. performing in space . This objective is examples of other spacecraft which
very achievable as demonstrated on
the Space Shuttle shown below.
N/\51\
II§ United States

e NASA Spacecraft Markings When marking a NASA spacecraft ,
several principles should be kept in
The minimum marking would be the
NASA Logotype while other elements
e mind: 1) Compliance with scientific

and operational requirements , 2)
Maximum graphic impact, 3) The use
are added depending on availability
of space and appropriateness. Re
member to apply these basic guide
e of as man y identifiers as possible

without creating visual competition or
clutter , 4) Consistency within the
lines when marking spacecraft
vehicles in the future. Solar Maximum Mission
These marki ngs are placed in accordance with
e NASA Unified Visual Communications

System.
In the model demonstrations on this

the operationa l considerations of the craft.
The stacked ve rsion of United States is used
he re and appears in Helvetica Medium upper
an d lowe r case letters. Th ese wo rds are equal
e spread , judgements have been made

based on the criteria just described.
in heig ht to th e America n flag and the logo
ty pe whi ch is rende red in NASA Gray.
e
e
e
I I
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
Space Telescope
Here, the NASA logoty pe is scaled to appea r

equa l to the diameter of th e upper (smal ler)
e
portion of the tel escope. The logotype is
app lied in NASA Red si nce no Ame rican flag
appears on the craft. On a large spacec raft
suc h as this, the logotype creates significant Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF)
e graphi c impact on land or in space.

Only the NASA logotype is emp loyed since
there is very little space alloted for graphics
on thi s craft. Because nothing else competes,
the logotype appears in NASA Red on both
e the front and rear of th is unusal spacecraft.

The size of the logotype is equal to the width
-e
of the square panel directly underneath.
..
Certificates & Awards The NASA seal is incorporated in the contemporary style and may employ
design of important certificates the NASA logotype as shown in the il
and awards . Those awards which are lustrations (b) and (c) .
given for substantial service or per
formance and which are held in high The length of the Federal Service
esteem are designed in a more tra Award shall consist of an Award Cer
ditional style. Illustration (a) is an ex tificate and a Service Pin both of
ample of such an award. which will incorporate the NASA seal.
Merit certificates of a short-term or

lesser rank can be designed in a more
Siow uopeytdeus hesor tpe wonfretuw ca amwi et detrip fos zopwyaiOO conwer
ah wousgt Tepan a few conse io n et mewirperu.
Hez orek age ajertt et Lewiroan Mabfre eydir juisdicag aloren ecertios aveediax caillen awqu
Joseph H. Johnson
eriop, amde \Veagerion et Caliob der grocen ab souteiol.
Divnctan of Frcwknci Bornkat of Desdla Dotlae
b c
Suggestion Award
tow uopeytdeus hesor tpe wo

etuw ca amwi et detrip
fos zopwyaiod conwer ah wous
gt tepan afew consei
Special
Achievement
fow uopeytdeus
hesor tpe wonfretu w
Nl/\51\
mewirperu hez orek age ajertt Award ca amwi et detr
et lewiroan Mabfre eydir
Bernard W. Jones
ip fos zopwyaiod co nwe
ah wousgt Tepan
afew conseion et mew
Roberta P. Smith
De wtr et Growedt c Dakez
Ave rt uo!Frewkne1 Dakez
Nl\5/\
-e NASA Vinylcals and Decals The use of the NASA logotype and
identification is often necessary on a
wide variety of objects and surfaces
including machinery, office equipment,
doors, plaques, etc. To facilitate these
·
NASA installations as required. Decals
are not available at NASA Head-
quarters because of limited require-
ments . Please note that neither vinyl
cals nor decals are intended for use on
markings , the NASA identification is vehicles. A more permanent method of
available for use in the form ofvinylcals identification for vehicles is dealt with
only {dry-application: pressure-sensi- in the Vehicles section of this manual.
tive , adhesive-backed vinyl) . Decals
(wet application) are specified below
for use on transparent surfaces (win
dows, doors , etc .) and are obtained by
e
e
Vinylcals will solve most general iden
tification problems . The NASA Red
logotype and the agency name in
e black appear on a white field with

rounded corners. There is no installa
tion identification . It is essentially a
self-contained small sign and can be
e applied to any color surface. Vinylcals
are available from Headquarters in
eight sizes : 1V4 ", 23fs", 31fs", 5", 7%", National
12%", 20", 30". All sizes refer to the Aeronautics and
horizontal width of the white back

ground .
Space
Administration
f - - -- - - - - - Measurement reference - - - - - ----1
Decals have a limited usage, intended

mostly for transparent surfaces. The
logotype appears without agency or
center identification . Decals of the
logotype are specified in black, white ,
or NASA Red. When used on solid sur
e faces the red logos are used only on

white. A minimum clearance on all
sides of three vertical stroke-widths of
the logo is recommended. Decals are
f - - - - -- - - - Measurement refere nce ----------1
e specified in four sizes: 2", 3", 5", 7%" .

All sizes refer to the width of the logo
type from tip to tip on its baseline.
Vinylcals of the logotype consistent

with the above specifications for de
cals are available in the same sizes
from NASA Headquarters.
9.1
-e NASA Uniform Patches
Personnel identification is an impor

tant facet of the NASA identification
program . An embroidered patch in
For general personnel , a white patch
with a NASA Red logotype is available .
This achieves the simplest and most
effective identification on various types
and colors of clothing that may include
A few specific color recommendations
are made for NASA uniforms : royal
blue for flight suits; white for lab coats ,
hardhats, and helmets . A 7" wide
(17 .8 em) logotype may be embroi
To distinguish emergency/security
personnel (security guards, firemen ,
etc.) a distinctive NASA Red patch
with a white border, white logotype
and the installation identification in N/\51\
e corporating the logotype is ava ilable

for application on a wide variety of
uniforms and clothing . Two patch
other badges or name tags. The patch
is applied on the right front side of the
garment approxi mately 11/2" (3 .8 em)
directly above th e breast pocket or in a
dered in NASA Red centered on the
back of a white lab coat (fig . d) . On a
white hardhat or helmet, a 5" wide
(12 .7 em) NASA Red decal of the logo
black is available . The name of the
emergency I security service (i.e. Fire
Department) appears in white cen
tered within a smaller black patch that
General personnel patch
designs , shown to the right , are

e available . comparable position on garments
without pockets . On a blazer (fig . e) ,
type may be centered on the front
(fig . g) .
is positioned %" (.9 em) under the red
patch . This configuration is worn on
iJiWH§~SIIIUW II
the top edge of the patch aligns with both shoulders of the uniform, on both
e the left breast pocket. shirts (fig. f) and outer-jackets. A light

blue shirt and hat with dark blue
trousers or skirt is recommended . Emergency/security patches
e
e
e
N/\5/\
e
e
e
e
e
e e) Blazer I sport jacket
e
e
e 0
g) Hardhat/he lmet
e d) Laboratory coat
e b) Shi rt /blouse f) Emergency/security

sh irt (side view)
e
e c) Flight suit/mechanic suit
e 9.2

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e National Aeronautics and NHB 1430.

e sequential order, are officially in

e Introduction Index (January 1, 1976) ....................... . .. . . . .... .. ... ... .. . . i, ii

e 1 The NASA Logotype The NASA Logotype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1

Agency and Center Identification .. .. .. ........ . . . .. .. .... . ... . . ...... 1.2

Color Standards ...................... . .. . . . .. ... . . .... . ........ .. . . 1.5

The Logotype : Incorrect Uses .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . . . . .. ... . . .. . . ... 1.6

Mission Patches and Other Symbols ..................... . .... . .... .. . 1.8

The NASA Seal. . ............ .... . .. . . . . . . . . . ........ . .... .. ... . . . .. 1.9

Large Envelopes and Mailing Labels . . .. .. . . .. .. ................ . . . .. 3.4

News Releases ... ... . . . .. . ...... . .. . ... .. .......... . .......... . . . .. 3.5

5 Publications NASA Publications ... . . . .... . . . . . .. .. .. . . . . ... . ................. 5.1, 5.2

Typography-Sans Serif, Futura ... . . .. .. ...... . ..... . .... . ... . . . .. . . 5.4

Typography-Serif, Garamond . .. . .. . . . . .. ..... . .... . .... .. ..... ... . . 5.5

Typography-Serif, Times Roman ..... .. . .... . . .. ... .... .. .. .. . . . . . .. 5.6

Cover Design: Leaflets & Folders........................... ... . . ..... 5.7

Cover Design: Journals and Technical Publications . .. . .. .. ... .. . ... . .. 5.8

Cover Design: News Publications .. .. .. .. . . .. . .. .. .. ... .. . ..... . . . . .. 5.9

Press Kits/Directories . .... . . . .. .. . .. . ... . . . .. ........... .. ... .. .. .. 5.12

The Grid-What it is ................... ..... . .. .. ..... . . ... ... .. . . . 5.14

Index The following pages of the NASA

Interior Grid Formats : Journals and Technical Publications ............... 5.17

Interior Grid Formats : Quality Publications . . ..... ......... .... . ........5.19

6 Signage Signage ........................ .... .. .. . .. . .... . .... . ... .. . . ...... 6.1

The Identification Configuration Without the Logotype ...... .. ............ 7.5

Motor Vehicle Identification Demonstrations ..... . . . . .. . .... . .. ... . .. . ... 7.6

Aerospace Education Unit ................... .. .. .... . .. .. .. .. . .. . . ... 7. 7

Air & Space Vehicles .. . .. .. ....... . ......... . . ...................... 7.8

8 Miscellaneous Certificates & Awards .. .. .. ..... . . . .. . .. . . .. ......... . . ..... .. ....... 8.1

As we move ahead to an even more exciting era in aeronautical research and

Not as suspenseful as a Command and Service Module splashdown nor

We have adopted a new system of graphics-the visual communications

My experience has shown that, in order to succeed , a program which departs

e I think we were fortunate in recognizing that our graphics could stand

e tem. Through consistent and repeti­

e communications, the logotype be­

In the logotype, the letters N-A-S-A

e are reduced to the ir most simpl ified

e The examples shown here illustrate

Reproduction artwork for standard

e Space Center) as shown below. The

e This warm shade of red is a very ac­

e dimension to the letterforms. The

e NASA red should be used only when

e only on white or a light value neutral

e Against a very light background, the

e possible . However, for large applica­

e ing as an accurate guide . To achieve

e plishment of various individual pro­

Contact the graphics coordinator at

e One mode for expression of this pride

e Because of the relatively short dura­

e definite role to play in certain visual

While the NASA logotype is used in all

e of the Agency 's day-to-day com­

e with award presentations or formal

e This page contains camera-ready

e For additional supplies of reproduc­

e nator at NASA Headquarters.

e This page contains camera-ready

e shown . Reductions and enlargements

e tem. Through consistent and repeti

e communications, the logotype be

e This warm shade of red is a very ac

e possible . However, for large applica

e plishment of various individual pro

e Because of the relatively short dura

e of the Agency 's day-to-day com

e For additional supplies of reproduc

e For additional supplies of reproduc

For additional supplies of reproduc

This page contains camera-ready re

For additional supplies of reproduc

Contact the NASA Graphics Coordi

NASA Center letterheads and enve

Forms As a temporary or transitional meas Redesign of the basic forms them

e origin of the publication and to iden

e Letters in combination may be quite satisfying and in a well

e a large x-height which makes it legi