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Centrifugation Processes
Fall 2007
Centrifugation
(a)Bowl stationary
(b)Sedimentation in rotating imperforate bowl
(c)Filtration in rotating perforate basket
• Accelerates to speed of rotating fluid at every radial position due to viscous drag by fluid
• Impulses on particle tangential to series of orbits
• Net effect –particle moves radially outward from center of rotation
Centrifugal force on unconstrained particles
in suspension
centrifugal acceleration ! 2r
RCF = "
acceleration due to gravity g
Centrifugal force on unconstrained particles in suspension
#
Fc " mP aC " VP ( $ P & $ )r! " 2
DP3 ( $ P & $ )r! 2
6
dr
FD " 3#% DP (Particle velocity)=3#% DP
dt
FC= centrifugal force
FD= viscous (Stokes law)drag forcem
P= effective particle mass(bouyancy)
VP= particle volume
!P= particle density
!= fluid density
DP = particle diameter
"= fluid viscosity
Centrifugal force on unconstrained particles
in suspension
Examples:
1. Decanter
2. Disk stack
3. Tubular bowl
1. Decanter centrifuge: two liquid
phases + one solid phase
2. Disk stack
3. Tubular bowl Centrifuge
QC/vg (unit of area) represents the required plan area of a settling tank,
For D = DPC they are split between the two streams(D = particle diameter)
Cylindrical bowl centrifuges: concept of 50%
capture
Tubular –bowl centrifuge
• Solids travel upward and receive radial velocity based on size and
• Feed enters to the center of bowl near floor and rises through a
• Advantage
Very short residence time –seconds minimizes product
degradation (acid hydrolysis of penicillin)
Centrifugal extraction
Example:
Podbelniak extractor
Bailey and Ollis, Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals, 2nded., McGraw Hill, NY 1986
Scale-up of centrifuge, Batch centrifugation
Lab/pilot scale experiments;
Step 3. If RCF x t > 2x107 s for desired clarity or solids thickening, then consider
broth conditioning to enhance flocculation of particles.
Step 4. If RCF x t < 2x107 s, for desired clarity or solids thickening, then there is no
need to condition the broth.
For batch scale-up of centrifuge operate at the RCF x t value determined in step 1 .
Remember:
centrifugal acceleration !2 r
RCF = =
acceleration due to gravity g
Swing-out rotor centrifuge
Bailey and Ollis, Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals, 2nd ed., McGraw Hill, NY1986
Perry’s Chemical Engineers’Handbook, 6thed., McGraw Hill. NY 1984
Choice of centrifuges