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Unit ² I: Principles of Solar Radiation

1. Explain extraterrestrial and terrestrial Radiation.

2. Define the following: i. Declination ii. Altitude angle iii. Solar Constant.
3. Explain solar water heating system at natural circulation and forced circulation type.
4. List out and explain applications of solar PV System.
5. Explain about Beam and Diffuse radiation.
6. What is the standard value of solar constant.
7. Explain the procedure to estimate the average solar radiation.
8. Derive an expression for total radiation on inclined surface.
9. Define the following: i. Solar Constant ii. Incident angle iii. Latitude angle
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10. Determine the temperature of the sun, in the month of January, solar constant is=1.367 w/m sun diameter= 1.39x10 m and sun
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earth distance=1.5x10 m
11. Calculate the declination angle (į) for March 31 in a leap year.
12. Calculate the number of daylight hours at Delhi on December 21 and June 21 in a leap year.
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13. Determine the local apparent time corresponding to 1430 hrs. (IST) on July 1, at Mumbai (latitude 19 07 N, longitude 72 51 E).
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equation of time=-4 .
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14. Determine LAT and declination at Ahmedabad (latitude 23 00 N, longitude 72 40 E) corresponding to1430 h IST on Dec. 15.
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15. Calculate the sunset hour angle and day-length at location latitude of 35 N on Feb. 14.
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16. Calculate the sun¶s altitude and azimuth angles at 9 a.m. solar time on sept.1 at latitude 23 N
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17. Determine the sunset hour angle and day length for Allahabad (latitude 24 25 N, longitude 81 58 E) for January 1.
18. Calculate the angle made by beam radiation with the normal to a flat plate collector, pointing due south location in new delhi
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(latitude 28 38 N, longitude 77 17 E) at 9:00 hr, solar time on dec. 1. The collector is tilted at an angle of 36 with the horizontal.
Also calculate the day length.

Unit- II: Solar Energy Collection

1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of concentrating collectors over at Plate collectors.
2. Write short notes on solar radiation measurements.
3. With the help of a neat sketch describe solar heating system using Solar collectors?
4. Explain the following terms i. Flat plate ii. Paraboloidal dish.
5. Derive the expression for monthly average of hourly global radiation on a tilted Surface
6. Classify focusing type collector.
7. What are the main advantage of at plate solar collectors
8. Write short notes on solar distillation.
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9. For the latitude of 30 N and the tilt angle 30 towards the equator. Determine the ratio R b for 10:30 on july 25.
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10. For the latitude of 30 N and the tilt angle 30 towards the equator. Estimate the angular correction factor R, if 0.7 of
the total solar radiation is beam radiation and 0.3 is diffuse.
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11. Calculate the hourly total insolation for a flat-plate collector installed at a site in Lucknow. The site latitude ij is 26 50
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N, the date is 30 June and time is 1400. The collector surface is tilted at an angle ȕ=20 from the horizontal and
oriented to the true south. The hourly total radiation on a horizontal plane is 2.5 MJ/m2/hr, the hourly diffuse radiation
is 0.4 and ground reflectivity ȡ is 0.2.

Unit-III: Solar Energy Storage and Applications:

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1. What is the principle of solar photovoltaic power generation?

2. What are the merits and demerits of a solar PV system.
3. What are the main elements of a PV system? Explain.
4. What features of Solar energy make it attractive for use in irrigation water Pump?
5. Explain solar water heating system at natural circulation and forced circulation Type.
6. List out and explain applications of solar PV System.
7. Enumerate the different main applications of solar energy.
8. Write short notes on: i. Solar cells ii. Solar distillation.
9. State principle of solar thermo-electric converters.
10. What are the main advantages and disadvantages of a solar furnace
11. What are the merits and demerits of photo voltaic solar energy conversion?
12. Describe a passive solar space heating system.
13. What is a solar cell? Explain principle of operation.

Unit- IV: Wind Energy

1. Explain the following with relevant expressions (a) Seebeck effect (b) petier effect (c) Thompson effect.
2. Describe the main applications of wind energy.
3. What are the most favorable sites for installing of wind turbines
4. Describe with a neat sketch the working of a wind energy system with Main components.
5. Write short notes on: i. Wind energy storage ii. Darrius rotor.
6. Describe with a sketch the working of a wind energy system with main Components.
7. Derive the expression for power developed due to wind.
8. Discuss the merits and demerits of Horizontal and Vertical windmills.
9. Derive the expression for power developed due to wind.
10. Explain the terms: (a) free and relative wind velocities (b) drag and lift forces (c) solidity (d) Pitch angle.
11. Explain Horizontal axis wind turbine main components and their function.
12. Describe the generator control schemes.
13. What are the factors to be considered to the site selection of wind mill?
14. Describe the basic components of the Horizontal wind mill.

Unit- V: Bio-Mass

1. What is the difference between combustion and pyrolysis? How do they generate energy.
2. Classify bio-mass conversion technologies and explain in brief.
3. How do you get biogas from plant wastes.
4. Draw the sketches of following models of biogas plants.
5. Digester suitable for high water
6. Explain the various factors affecting the generation of biogas.
7. Explain various dry processes of bioenergy conversion in brief.
8. Explain various bio mass energy conversion technologies in detail.
9. Mention a few bio resources
10. Explain various configurations of KVIC biogas plants with neat sketches.
11. Discuss the economic aspects of biogas.

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Unit- VI: Geothermal Energy

1. Derive an expression for the efficiency of thermo electric generators.

2. Mention a few thermo electric materials.
3. Explain the operation of vapor dominated geo energy system with a neat schematic diagram.
4. Explain the displacement machine with a neat sketch and mention its advantages and disadvantages.
5. Explain the followings with neat sketches. Liquid dominated geothermal power plant.
6. Explain extracting energy from petro-thermal systems with a neat sketch.
7. Explain convective geothermal resources
8. Vapors dominated geothermal power plant.
9. Draw the diagram of geothermal field.
10. Explain the potential of geothermal resources in India.
11. Explain the difference between geothermal plant and thermal plant
12. Explain the various methods to extract geothermal energy.
13. Explain various categories of geothermal resources.
14. Explain the functioning of a binary fluid geothermal power system.
15. Explain the criterion for the selection of thermo electric materials.

Unit- VII: Ocean Energy

1. Discuss the various sources of energy available with oceans.

2. Explain the methods for the utilization of tidal energy in single basin arrangement.
3. What are the civil works design considerations for mini and micro Hydel power plants?

4. Explain the fundamental principle of tidal energy generation.

5. What is the fundamental principle in energy conversion from ocean waves?
6. Explain the fundamental principle of tidal energy generation.
7. Explain various methods of power generation from OTEC plant with neat sketches.

Unit- VIII: Direct Energy Conversion

1. Explain petrochemical regenerative fuel cell.

2. Explain principle and operation of: (a) fossil fuel cell (b) hydrocarbon fuel cell (c) petrochemical regenerative fuel cell
3. Explain principle and working of Ion exchange membrane fuel cell.