THDY 110D

John S. Donaldson Technical Institute

THE UNIVERSITY OF TRINIDAD AND

TOBAGO

COURSE: THDY 110D: Basic Thermodynamics

SEMESTER 1

Project Assignment
The Compression Ignition engine

INSTRUCTOR: Aphtaab Mohammed

DATE DUE: 23rd November, 2009

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Table of Contents

Introduction…………………………………………………………

…………..Pg 3

Processes undergone by working fluid

………………………………..Pg 4

Process State Diagram…………………………………….

…………………Pg 5

Methods Used to Increase

Efficiency…………………………….…..Pg 8

Environmental Impacts…..

…………………………………………………Pg 9

Conclusion………………………..

…………………………………………….Pg 10

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INTRODUCTION

The compression ignition engine is a form

of internal combustion engine in which a
mixture of fuel and air are compressed to the
point of ignition. This exothermic reaction
releases heat energy in a sensible form that
can be converted by the engine from heat
energy into mechanical work. It operates
based upon the principle of the Otto cycle.
The diesel engine is also an example of a
compression ignition engine.

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 THDY 110D

WHAT ARE THE PROCESSES

UNDERGONE BY THE WORKING
FLUID?

In a typical example of a four-stroke

compression ignition engine, air is drawn into
the cylinder during the intake stroke and
subsequently compressed during the
compression stroke. At near maximum
compression, the finely atomized fuel is
sprayed into the hot air, initiating auto-
ignition of the mixture. During the
subsequent power stroke, the hot mixture of
expanding gases does work on the piston,

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 THDY 110D

forcing it downwards and then the burnt

gases are purged during the exhaust stroke.

PRESENTATION OF PROCESS ON
STATE DIAGRAM

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 THDY 110D

This is state change graph showing the processes

taking place in a compression ignition engine.

THE METHODS USED TO IMPROVE

THE THERMAL EFFICIENCY

With the compression ignition engine there

have been many design changes that have

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 THDY 110D

been taking place in order to increase its

thermal efficiency. These include the
following:

• 1) The design of the engine in such

a way that it will pre-mix the air and

fuel in order to arrive at a more.

• 2) The design of these engines with

auto-ignition systems to initiate

combustion. This saves on the time

taken to ordinarily initiate

combustion.

• 3) The design of direct injected,

charged compression engines which

cut emission levels and increase

octane levels thus, providing more

power and maintaining

environmentally friendly levels.

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THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF

USING COMPRESSION IGNITION
ENGINES

Compression ignition engines facilitate the

mixing of diesel with LPG, which in turn
produces less NOx emissions. They also
facilitate the use of Bio-diesel, which
produces less SOx emissions. This type of
engine facilitates low fuel usage, thus
requiring less time at the pump.

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CONCLUSION

Today more focus is being placed on

renewable sources of energy, due to
the depleting natural resources and
also because of the harmful effects of
fossil fuels on the environment. As
such manufacturers are placing more
focus on ensuring that their vehicles
are more efficient and environmentally
friendly. Hence, the development of
Bio-fuels and modifications to engines
to increase engine efficiency continues
apace, globally.

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 THDY 110D

Prepared by Carlin Sylvester, Damian Ortega, Dexter Bruce, Junior Joseph, 10

Sarah Jadoo