UNIT - V

BODY MATERIALS, TRIM,

MECHANISMS AND BODY REPAIR
 Body material
1. Steel sheet
2. Aluminum
3. Timber
4. Plastic
5. Glass reinforced plastic (GRP)
6. Plywood
7. Sun Mica
 Body material requirements
Mainly material used for building vehicle bodies is steel sheet.
1. High ductility and low tensile strength which is easier to form shapes.
2. The body can be assembled easily to form the body unit.
3. Light in weight.
4. The availability of material is more and also it is cheap.

 Low carbon steel has all the above Qualities and is produced in
large Quantities for body building. The composition of low carbon
steel is
1. Carbon 0.080%
2. Silicon 0.002%
3. Sulphur 0.020%
4. Phosphorus 0.20%
5. Manganese 0.350%
 Steel Sheet
 The molten steel is made in the form of thick sheet. Then it is subjected
to hot rolling.
 The "Iron oxide" on the surface of the sheet is removed by pickling
process.
 Then the sheet is subjected to cold working process.
 The Quality of sheet depends upon the surface of the sheet.
 If the surface is irregular in shape, the sheet may be cracked. So, it has
to be subjected to pickling process for more time.

Process Tensile Strength Shear strength Elongation

Very deep pressing 2840 19 28.19%
Deep pressing 2842 20 27.28%
Pressing 2842 20 20.25%
 Thickness of steel sheet and their uses
 The mechanical properties of steel are greater than aluminum.
 There fore it absorbs energy during deformation (i.e. during accident
or collision).
 The steel sheets can be easily handled fabricated and welded to make
final component.
 The main advantage of steel sheets are lower part cost, lower
fabrication cost, utilization of existing fabrication techniques and cost
saving through welding, pressing and painting.
Contd..
The most commonly used steel sheets thickness with reference to the
body parts are tabulated below:

Gauge Thickness Uses

10g 3.25mm Used for brackets
12g 2.65mm supports and heavy internal construction
14g 2.03mm Used in panel assemblies
which will take load (bulk head, sills, cross
16g 1.63mm
members, floor, sills, etc).
which will take load (bulk head, sills, cross
18g 1.22mm
members, floor, sills, etc).
20g 0.915mm Used for outer panel
Construction ( door skin & Trim wings, bonnet,
22g 0.711mm
doors, boot lid, luggage, panel, etc.).
 Aluminum
 Selection of under body longitudinal depends on wheel bumper height.
 Parcel vans and furniture vans have wheel bars.
 This type of construction is used to lower the floor height, to make easy
loading.
 Super light floor can also be used with light vans. (e.g. bakery vans).
 Special sections are available at the front and rear corner pillar.
 Selection of pillar depends on the type of vans.
Advantage
1. The weight of aluminum is less compared with steel.
2. This is a non corrosive metal.
3. Machinability is good.
4. This has good casting and forging Qualities.
5. This has more strength and rigidity.
6. Malleability and ductility properties are good.
7. Fuel efficiency is increased.
8. Complicated shapes of channels can be manufactured by extrusion process.
 Timber
 In earlier days, since there was no plastic, timber was used for
constructing the body. But nowadays this is not used much. Instead of
timber Ash, oak, teak etc are used.
Advantages
 This is easily available.
 The cost is also less
 Work can be done easily
Disadvantages
 Risk of fire
 It has only short life
 More labours are required
 Mass production is not available
 The shape will be changed due to change in temperature.
 Special machines are required
 The strength will be decreased when filled with steel or Aluminum.
Uses :This is used for making floor, floor bearers, frame work, etc.
Plywood
 Plywood is made by placing more woods of limited thickness to form
layers. Phenolic resin adhesive is used for binding the two woods
together.
Advantages
 Weight is less.
 It can be heavily loaded.
 This does not change its shape as Timber. Corrosion will be less.
 There will be no abrasion scratches.
 Placing of woods is easy.
 This has high static and impact strength.
Uses
 This is used for making side, lining and door of vehicle body.
 This is used for doing flooring in lorry and trailers.
 This is also used as seat back panel.
Plastics
 Glass - Reinforced Plastic (GRP)
GRP is made up of two materials namely glass fiber and thermoplastic or
thermo setting resin. This GRP is mixed with fiber to increase the
strength. We can get the desired color.

Use of GRP
 This is used in modern vehicles, because it is superior in all the qualities
than other materials.
 It gives good appearance and the strength is also high.
 The weight is also low which increases fuel economy.
 This can be used to produce difficult shapes.
Applications of GRP Fiber in Passenger
vehicle body construction
1. Mirror housing & Control knobs
2. Door mirror casing (Door trim)
3. Front and rear wheel trims.
4. Roof liner trims.
5. Front spoiler
6. Door Handles.
7. Front bumper
8. Rear spider
9. Front & Rear mud flaps
10. Rear bumper, etc.
Advantages
1. High strength
2. Less weight
3. Low tolling cost
4. Flexible material
5. Non - corrosive
6. Hygienic
7. Self colored
8. Complicated shapes can be made easily.
9.Manufacturing is easy
10. Repairing is easy
Disadvantages
1. Manufacturing time is more because of drying and hardening process.
2. This requires more labors compared to other metal manufacturing
 Sun Mica
 Sun Mica is pasted upon the plywood panel, because it has high
wear resistance and will not react with moisture or other
chemicals.
 It makes the panel smooth and also increases the beauty.
 It is user friendly and Eco-friendly.
Thermal Insulation Materials
 The heat that is produced in the engine compartment enters the driver
and passenger compartment. This heat will affect the driver and
passenger and also melts the panels or instruments. So, proper insulation
should be given for the engine compartment.
 The following thermal insulating materials are used for the above
reasons.
1. Plastic
- Urea formaldehyde
- Polyurethane
- Neoprene
2. Cork
3. Mica
4. Fibre glass
5. Rubber
6. Ceramic etc.
Contd..
 The Qualities of thermal Insulators should have
1. It should conduct less heat,
2. It should absorb vibrations.
3. It should be less in weight.
4. It should be cheap.
Vehicle body corrosion
 When vehicle body is exposed to the weather or climate changes like
rain, snow, grit, industrial chemical, etc. which reacts with the vehicle
body and causes corrosion.
 Corrosion occurs in uncoated areas.
 For example wheel arch, wheels, under body(silencer pipe, chassis, leaf
springs etc.,) Atmospheric condition increases the corrosion.
 The corrosion is produced is due to following reasons.
1. Wet surface
2. Water present in air
3. Depending upon air temperature.
4. The level of sulphur dioxide and chloride in air.
Types of corrosion
1. Crevice corrosion
2. Deposit attack
3. Corrosion Fatigue
4. Pitting
5. Galvanic corrosion
Crevice Corrosion
 Crevice corrosion occurs mainly due to the moisture or liquid which
is filled in the narrow gaps.
 A cell forms because the oxygen in the air has greater difficulty
penetrating the gap that it does the rest of the office.
 As a result, the steel inside the gap becomes anode and corrodes
while the steel at the aperture of the gap becomes cathode protected
against corrosion.
 Crevice corrosion is often aggravated by moisture remaining longer
in the gap in other areas because drying takes place more slowly.
Deposit attack
 This occurs on beneath of non metallic coating.
 It is due to moisture being retained to deposit, so that a differential
aeration cell develops in the same way as in the crevice corrosion.
Corrosion fatigue
 This is a damage inflicted on the material as a results of varying loads,
combined with the influence of a corrosion medium.
 This results in crack.
 This crack is known as corrosion fatigue.

Pitting
 This is caused due to the chemicals reaction of moisture and exhaust
fume, steel with decorative chrome nickel coatings, aluminum etc. are
affected by pitting.
Galvanic corrosion
 This will occur when two materials are joining together.
 When these materials join together galvanic cell is produced.
 These galvanic cell is known as galvanic corrosion.
Ex. : Copper & Steel or Aluminum
 Remedies for vehicle body corrosion
Crevice corrosion
 It is occurred by filling of water in the narrow gaps and in spot welded
areas.
 By filling these narrow gaps by paints, these types of corrosion can be
avoided.
Deposit attracts
 This is occurred due to the deposit of water on the surface of frames, etc.
 This can be avoided by proper covering of the frame and proper
maintenance.
Corrosion Fatigue
 This is occurred due to the frequent movement of body particles like
suspension systems, transmission system etc.
 This can be avoided by having rubber bushes and with proper
maintenance.
Pitting
 This is occurred due to smoke and moisture in air.
 Proper painting of the car body will prevent particles from pitting.

Galvanic corrosion
 Galvanic corrosion occurs mainly on steel and copper.
 To avoid this the steel or copper should be coated with non - corrosive
metals.
 Mainly its helps in preventing the underbody and chassis members.
Anti Corrosion Methods
1. Alloying
2. Surface coating
The coating of metallic surface to prevent corrosion can be done by
the following ways.
i) Galvanization
a) Hot dip galvanization
b) Cold galvanization
c) Sherardising
d) Spraying
ii) Electroplating
iii) Anodizing
Alloying
 Corrosion of metals can be prevented by alloying them with suitable
elements.
 For example Chromium is the best suitable alloying metal for iron and
steel to prevent the corrosion.
 Also nickel, titanium are used for alloying.
 These are chemically resistant towards corrosion.
 Addition of nickel or molybedenum to the chromium alloy increases
further the corrosion resistance.
Galvanization
 The process of coating zinc on iron material to prevent it against
corrosion is called galvanization.
 In this iron is protected from corrosion by sacrificial protection method.
a) Hot dip galvanization
 In this method, a thin layer of zinc coating is given by dipping a clean
iron article in molten zinc.
b) Cold galvanization
 A coating of zinc is done by passing iron article (strips) continuously
through the zinc plating bath.
 This method of coating zinc is of highly purity.
c) Sherardising
 In this method the iron article and zinc powder are placed in a revolving
drum and heated to just below the melting point of zinc.
 An alloy of zinc and iron is formed as coating on the surface of iron
particle.
d) Spraying
 In this method, coating of zinc is done by spraying the liquid or gaseous
zinc on the iron article.
Electroplating
 Electroplating is the process of depositing coat metal on the base metal
by electrolysis method.
 In electro plating, the freshly cleaned base metal to be protected against
corrosion is made as cathode and the coat metal is made as anode.
 The solution of the salt of the coat metal is taken as the electrolyte.
 When current is passed, the coat metal goes into solution as ions and
gets deposited on the base metal.
 For example: Nickel can be coated on ion by making nickel sulphate
solution as the electrolyte.
Anodizing
 Anodizing is the coating of aluminum oxide on the surface of aluminum
or aluminum alloy to prevent it from corrosion.
 Aluminum article is made as anode in the electrolytic bath containing
chromic acid or boric acid as the electrolyte.
 Any cathode may be used.
 When current is passed, aluminum is oxidized to form a thin layer of
Aluminum oxide on the surface.
 This oxide layer is highly resistant to corrosion and abrasion.
 By mixing the colored matter in the electrolyte beautiful color coating is
given to Aluminum article.
Cathode Protection
 The principle of cathode protection method is to connect an external
anode to the metal structure which is to be protected.
 The metal structure becomes cathode and hence it is protected from
corrosion.

Cathode protection can be done in two ways

a) Sacrificial anode method
b) By impressed voltage method
a) Sacrificial anode method
 The metallic structure to be protected form corrosion is made cathode by
connecting it with another more active metal.
 This more active metal acts as anode and undergoes corrosion.
 This active metal is known as sacrificial anode
Example: Underground iron pipe lines are protected from corrosion by
connecting them with a more active metal like magnesium. In this case
Magnesium acts as sacrificial anode and undergoes corrosion. The iron
pipe acts as cathode. Thus Mg is sacrificed in the protection of pipes.
Applications
1) Protection of underground cables and pipelines from soil corrosion.
2) Protection of ship hulls from marine corrosion.
3) This also protects the base of storage tank.
4) Off shore platforms etc.
b) Impressed voltage methods
 The principle involved in this method is that the metal structure to be
protected is connected to an anode and passing electric current from a
DC source like battery, so that all areas of metal surface become cathodic
and therefore do not corrode.
 Usually direct current is applied to the insoluble anode (like graphite or
high silica iron) buried in the soil.
 The anode is buried in a 'black' fill such as coke breeze or gypsum to
increase the electrical contact with the surrounding soil.
 This method is used for large structures for long term operation.

Applications
1) Protection of open water-box cooler
2) Protection of buried oil and water pipes
3) Protection of condensers, transmission line towers, laid up ships etc.
Body panel tools
 The damages in the car bodies caused by an accident may be different in
nature and severity.
 Therefore, it is rather difficult to give specific and detailed instruction on
body repair.
 The vehicle is first brought into the shop, where the damage estimation is
prepared.
 Then the decision is made whether the damage is major or minor.
1.Vehicle with major damage: Frame repair machine and frame alignment
bench is required for repairing.
2. Vehicle with minor damage: Hammer, dolly block, pick tools, spoons,
pry bar, solder paddle are required for repairing.
Paints
 For painting vehicle bodies primers, lacquer, putties and enamels are
used. To level the surface irregularities the above things or other fillers
are used.
 The anti corrosion pigments such as aluminum, chalk etc are present in
the primers. Depending upon the thickness, the putties are applied either
by manually or by spraying.
 Thick mineral fillers, anti corrosive pigment and binders such as oil
varnish with synthetic resin are also present.
 Lacquers and enamels are sued for surface dressings. Alkyds are the
main components of synthetic resin enamels. Two coasts of enamels are
also available to obtain surface finish.
Preparation of vehicle body before painting
There are some steps to be followed when painting in done for first time or
by removing the old paint and applying the new paint.
1. First we must clean the vehicle body with the compressed air, so that any
dirt particles, solder fillings will be removed and the vehicle body will be
cleaned.
2. Then with the help of kerosene or manual sprits. We must wash the
vehicle body so that the grease will be removed. This type of wash is
known as preliminary washing.
3. Before painting the body surface must be completely clean and dried.
4. With the help of grease remover, remove the wax and grease from the
vehicle body. Do not use petrol to clean the surface because, the paint will
not slick on the surface on which you are cleaned with petrol.
5. In some cases, reducer must not be used to clean the body surface. This is
because the reducer combines with Acrylic paint. Due to this, it will be
converted into small layer and this layer will fall down.
6. We must use new wiping cloth while cleaning the body surface with
grease remover.
Method of removing old paint
 To apply paint on the old vehicles, it is necessary to remove the paints
that is applied before. It is not possible to apply paint on the old paint
because this will be lead to bad surface finish and also there may be
some scratches.
 So that to remove the paint from vehicle body, the three steps are
followed
i. Sand blasting
ii. Hot caustic solution with high pressure equipment.
iii. Paint remover
Sand Blasting
 This is the method of blowing sand with the help of high pressure air on
body.
 Due to this, the sand removes all the paint from the body.
 This is done until every paint from the body comes out.

Advantages
 Applying of new paint is easy, after sand blasting is done.

Disadvantages
 If painting is not done properly in the sand blasted area, then it will be
corroded.
Hot caustic solution with high pressure equipment
 This process can remove the whole paint from the body.
 This process is done by mixing hot caustic solution with the stem at high
pressure and then forced on vehicle body.
 When this is done, the paint starts to melt.
 While this type of process is done, we must remove the plastic parts and
decorative parts from the body.
 After this process is done, the vehicle body is dried with the help of
compressed air.
 Then the metallic condition is applied over the body to avoid corrosion.
Paint remover
 This is done by using small hand grinder to remove paint scrap.
 Due to this the-paint can be removed even in the small panels.
 coating is first applied over the vehicle body. While doing this
operation, this must be done evenly in all places.
 After applying the coating, it must be washed with the clean water.
 After cleaning with water, chromic and phosphoric acid is used to
wash again.
 After finishing these steps the vehicle' body must be finally dried.
 This is known as pre - treatment.
 Types of paints
 The types of paints are
1. Lacquer
2. Acrylic lacquer
3. Oil paints
4. Synthetic enamels.
5. Metallic
Lacquer
 Lacquer is a mixture of primer and surface.
 The finishing product which uses nitro - cellulose as a base is known as
lacquer.
 The solvents of lacquer coating may take only a few minutes for
evaporation, where as the oxidation of varnish takes several number of
days.
 Depending upon the number of gradients, the lacquers are easily adjusted
(such as viscosity, elasticity, hardness and drying time).

Oil paints
 Pigments, drier and thinner are the major components, present in the oil
paint.
 The drying of oil paints depends on the ability of certain drying oils to
dry by an reaction that involves atmospheric oxygen.
Synthetic enamels.
 In this type of paint, no rubbing is required, synthetic enamels dry to a
high glass finish.
There are 2 stages in which they dry.
a. Depending upon the evaporation of liquid.
b. Depending upon the oxidation of the binder.
The synthetic enamel remains relatively insoluble with ordinary
solvents, if they are dried.
Metallic
 All the colors in rainbow are found in both the lacquers and enamels.
 Some metallic flakes (aluminum) are mixed with the paint to give
luminous quality for the paint.
 There are different size of flakes available and such paint is known as
metallic paint.
 The color varies when viewed from different angles.
 The reason for different variation is that, the metallic flakes forms
different angles in the paint.
 Due to the different angle in the paint, they reflect they light
differently.
 Selection of paints
 Selection of paint is the very important one in the automobile painting.
 To paint the new vehicle it will be easy only by selecting the color of
paint we need.
 But while repainting is to be done some important methods should be
followed.
 Before repainting the vehicle, first we of must find what is the type of
old paint(i.e, acrylic lacquer, acrylic enamel, lacquer).

Some of the methods to find old paint are given below.

 If the old paint is of lacquer type, then it must be removed by dipping a
cloth into a thinner and by rubbing them.
 While doing this, if the paint starts to melt and sticks in the cloth then
this old paint is of lacquer type.
Contd..
 To find whether the old paint is of acrylic lacquer or nitro cellulose type,
then pour some drops of perchlarethylene on the paint.
 If the paint starts to come out after some time, then this paint is acrylic
type.
 If the paint does not came out, then the paint of nitro cellulose type.
While doing this operation, the color of paint will change.
 If the color of paint remains same, then this paint is of enamel type.
 After doing these methods, the old paint should be thoroughly removed
with the help of sand blasting method.
 After doing this, the primer will be applied on the bare body of the
vehicle and then repainting is applied.
 Also sealers must also be applied before repainting. This sealer will hide
the color of old paint.
Under chassis painting
 This type of painting is done under the vehicle body.
 The under chassis painting is important as that as the vehicle painting.
 While driving the vehicle, there is a chance of corrosion due to sand
and water.
 Due to this floor will be damaged.
 To avoid this floor corrosion, under chassis painting is done.
 The under chassis painting will be brown or black in color.
 Special paints are used under the chassis.
They are
1. Reign bumper paint
2. PP bumper paint
Primer
 The first coat of paint is priming coat.
 The main aim of primer is to gain maximum adhesion to the substrate, to
provide a sound base for subsequent coatings and to act as corrosion
inhibitor on the metals.
 The primer is also known as under coat.
 In this, polishing is not needed. This will be red in color.

There are three types of primers used. They are

1. Wash primer (or) Etching primer
2. Lacquer primer
3. Synthetic reign primer
Wash (or) Etching primer
 This type of primer is used as an anti - corrosive agent.
 This primer consists of vinyl brtyral and chromate zinc (Chemicals).
Lacquer primer
 This has the facility of quick drying.
 After applying this type of primer, we can apply paint after 1 hour.
 This primer consist of nitro cellulose and alkyd resin
Synthetic reign primer
 This acts as a anti corrosive agent and this is also water - proof.
Primer surface
 Primer is added first on the object to avoid corrosion. This will be white
in color. This type of paint is used for keeping the surface smooth. This is
mainly used in the automobile field.
 There are three types of primer surfaces.
1. Lacquer primer surface
2. Urethane type primer surface
3. Amino alkyd primer surface
1 . Lacquer primer surface :
 This has a quick drying facility.
2. Urethane type primer surface:
 This will not dry quickly. But it has more water and chemical resistance
effect.
3. Amino alkyd primer surface :
 When thermosetting type of paint is used, this type of primer will be
applied. This will not dry by itself. This must be dried by hard heating up
to 90 - 120 C.
 Sealers
 There are some sand scratches when recoating a lacquer or acrylic
surface.
 To avoid the scratches the sealing are used.
 They act as shield for the material on which sealers are applied.
 Three coat process and four coat process
 These process says about the finishing of paint. For coat process gives
higher finishing, but three coat process finishing is little lesser than the
four coat process.
In this there are 5 to 6 process taki!1g place.
1. Cleaning
2. Pre - treatment
3. Priming
4. Finishing coating
5. Stoving

Cleaning
 At first alkali solution is used to clean the vehicle body. Nowadays
"ROTO DIP" process is used for cleaning.
 Using this method the vehicle body is cleaned at all parts.
 In this method, the vehicle body is kept in such position, so that the
processing plant will be rotating.
 Due to this the vehicle body is completely cleaned, then washed with hot
water and then vehicle body is kept dried
Pre - treatment
 The main aim of this process is to avoid the corrosion.
 This process involves the formation of phosphate coating and for panel
work.
 Also the phosphate coating applied in this process must be of thin layer.
 After applying this phosphate coating, we must clean the body in the
clean water, then it must be cleaned with chromic acid.
 Then the body should be dried in the drying oven.

Priming
 Priming is the process of applying alkyd or epoxy or red oxide on the
vehicle body.
 In this, the body is dipped by the rotating process like ROTODIP, into
the automatic processing tank.
 Due to this the priming will be spread over all parts of the body.
 After this the body is dried in the plant and is sent for painting
Finish coating
 Te applying the primer, its surface must be must rubbed with the rough
and fine abrasive paper before applying the paint.
 To level up the body surface with out any hole or extension, primer
surface must be applied, so that the vehicle body surface will be leveled.
 Again the surface must be rubbed with rough and fine abrasive paper and
then it should be properly washed with the clean water.
 By using air dryer, the vehicle body is dried.

Stoving
 This means heating the vehicle body for small duration
 This is heated up to 240°F for 30 min to avoid pealing.
Painting
 Paint is one major segment of the surface coatings, which also includes
varnishes, enamels, printing inks and polishes.

 The paint industry produces a huge variety of products that protect,

preserve, and also beautify the objects to which they are applied.

 Typical products include architectural coatings (e.g. house paints),

industrial coatings (e.g. automotive finishes, wood furniture and fixture
finishes), and special purpose coatings (e.g. traffic paints, roof coatings).
Basic composition of paint

Solvents (Liquids)

Pigments
Additives

Resins (Binder)
 Prime Pigments
• Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)
• Provides excellent hiding power and whiteness.
• Available as a solid (powder) or liquid (slurry).
• Zinc Oxide
• Controls mildew
• Resists ultra-violet light
• Resists yellowing
• Titanium dioxide is the world's primary pigment for
providing whiteness, brightness and opacity.
 Resins
• Binds or glues ingredients (pigments and additives) of paint
together.
• Resin provides adhesion to the substrate.
• Resin provides durability & resistance properties:
• U-V resistance
• Moisture resistance
• Chemical resistance
• Stain resistance
• Fade resistance
• Chalk resistance
• Block resistance
Fillers
 Fillers are a special type of pigment that serve to thicken the film,
support its structure and simply increase the volume of the paint.
 Fillers are usually comprised of cheap and inert materials, such as talc,
lime, clay, etc.
Solvents
 The main purpose of the solvent is to adjust the viscosity of the paint.
 Water is the main vehicle for water-based paints.
 Solvent-based paints can have various combinations of solvents as the
vehicle, including aliphatic, alcohols, etc.
 These include organic solvents such as petroleum distillate, esters, glycol
ethers, and the like.
 Additives
• Additives are mixed in very small amounts and yet give a very
significant effect on the product.

• Additives are used because:

 Modify surface tension.
 Improve flow properties.
 Improve the finished appearance.
 Improve pigment stability.
 Control foaming.
 Control skinning.
 Manufacturing Procedure
 Raw material: Resin, pigment and additive agents are generally major
components of paint.
 Mixing: Resin, pigment and solvent are mixed to produce an even mill
base.
 Milling: Mill base produced at the pre-mixing process is sent to the
disperser to finely disperse the pigment particles.
 Blending: Resin, additive agents and so on are added to the mill base,
the dispersion of which is completed. Also, the color phase is adjusted
with color materials.
 Filtering: Blended and toned paint is filtrated.
 Packing: Filtrated paint is packed into a container.
 Process Flow Diagram
Start

Additives, Bi nders, Solvent , Dri ers,

Pigments & Fillers Plasticizers

F eeder
No If paste
40% then
We igh

Ye s

No If we igh Thinning
60% then
Screening Sludge
Ye s

Mixing
F illing

Storage of mixing
Thinning

Milling
P acking

Labeling
If fine
No
material
then Storage & End
Dispaching
Ye s

F inal Sto rage P aste

Painting process
 Mainly, the painting is done by manual, automatic or may be electro
static and also may be dipping process.
 Electro static method painting is mainly used because there is a over
spray problem.
 When done by manual or automatic.
Contd..
Painting Process
Layer Configuration of Automotive
substrate – coating – paint system
Paint process
Overview of Painting Process
Underbody coating
Corrosion Resistance System
Paint Process line