9E : REACTIONS OF

METAL & METAL

COMPOUNDS
 9E.1 WHY METALS ARE USEFUL
What is METAL? (Based on Periodic Table)
METAL NON-METAL
Aluminium, Iron, Gold, Silver, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen,
Eg
Lead, Mercury Iodine
State of Matter Solid Solid, Liquid, Gas
1. High melting & boiling points
1. Low melting & boiling points
2. Shiny
2. Dull
3. Can be shaped
Properties 3. Brittle when solid
4. Good conductors of heat &
4. Insulators of heat & electricity
electricity.
5. Do not form Alloy
5. Form ALLOY (Steel)
Carbon
1. Graphite - conductor of
Mercury - liquid & low melting
Exceptional electricity
point
2. Diamond - hardest natural
substance
 METALS PROPERTIES
1. Color: silver
SILVER 2. Melting point: 1235.1 K   (961.95 oC) &
Boiling point: 2428 K   (2155 oC)
3. Soft, lustrous metal
4. Malleable & Ductile
5. It has the highest electrical & heat
conductivity of all metal.
6. Stable in oxygen & water except to
sulphur compound in water & in air.
1. Color: orange-red.
2. Melting point: 1357.77 K (1084.62 oC) & Boiling
COPPER point: 2833 K   (2560 oC)
3. Malleable &Ductile
4. Excellent conductor of heat and
electricity
5. Copper surfaces exposed to air gradually tarnish to
a dull, brownish color. If water and air are present,
copper will slowly corrode to form the carbonate
verdigris often seen on roofs and statues.
1. Fresh iron surfaces are lustrous and
IRON silvery-grey in color, but oxidize in air
to form a red or brown coating (RUST)
2.Melting point: 1808.2 K   (1535.1 oC) &
Boiling point: 3023 K   (2750 oC)
3.Ductile & Magnetic
4.Relatively soft metal
5.Moderately good conductor of heat and
electricity.
USAGE
1. Sterling silver or Britannia silver are
used for jewelry & silverware.
2. Solders & silver-cadmium and silver-
zinc batteries.
3. Silver paints are used in the
manufacture of electronic printed
circuits
1.Electrical equipment such as wiring
and motors.
2.Because it corrodes slowly, copper is
used in roofing, guttering, and as
rainspouts on buildings.
3.plumbing and in cookware and cooking
utensils.
Manufacture steel and other alloys
important in construction and
manufacturing.
 METAL PROPERTIES
ALUMINIUM 1. Color : Silvery-white metal
2. Melting point: 933.57 K  (660.32 oC) &
Boiling point: 2740 K (2466.85 oC)
3. Non-magnetic & an excellent electrical
conductor.
4. It is of low density & high ductility
5.Corrosion resistance
1. Color: bluish silver
ZINC 2. Melting point: 692.68 K   (419.53 oC) &
Boiling point: 1183 K   (910 oC)
3. Lustrous metal
4. Somewhat brittle at room temperature
but malleable above 100 oC.
5. Tarnishes in moist air
1. Color: silvery-white
NICKEL 2. Melting point: 1728 K   (1455 oC) &
Boiling point: 3263 K   (2990 oC)
3. Hard metal
4. Malleable and ductile.
5. Fair conductor of heat and electricity.
6. Magnetic
7. It resists tarnishing in air.
USAGE
1. Drinks cans, window frames,
boats & aircraft.
2. Food packaging & cooking pots.
3. It is also considerably cheaper &
lighter than these metals, so it is
used widely in overhead power
lines.
1. Galvanize iron to inhibit
corrosion.
2. Produce many alloys with other
metals (brass, German silver,
nickel silver & solder)
3. Die-castings for the car industry.
4. Batteries
1. Nickel is used in corrosion-
resistant alloys, such as
stainless steel.
2. Coins
3. Nickel steel is used for burglar-
proof vaults and armour plate.
4. NiCd (nickel-cadmium)
rechargeable batteries - and in
magnets.
 METAL PROPERTIES USAGE

COBALT
1. Color: bluish-white
2. Melting point: 1768 K   (1495 oC) 1. Used in alloys for aircraft engine
& Boiling point: 3203 K (2930 oC) parts
3. Lustrous, hard, brittle metal. 2. Batteries and in electroplating
4. Magnetic.

MAGNESIUM 1. Color: silvery-white

2. Melting point: 923 K   (650 oC) &
Boiling point: 1363 K   (1090 oC)
3. Low density
4. Reasonably strong metal that
tarnishes in air to form a thin oxide
coating.
5. Magnesium and its alloys have very
good corrosion resistance
1. Magnesium alloys - aircraft, car
engine casings, & missile
construction
2. Mobile phones, laptop computers,
cameras, &other electronic
components.
•What is the usage of METAL?
1. Bodies of car - Steel
2. Cooking utensil / pan
3. Electrical circuit
4. Jewellery

•What are properties?

Things that can be see & measure about it, including the
things it does.
9e.2 reacting metals with acids
What is acid ? (refer to 9E.HSW pg 80-81)
ACID ALKALI

lemon juice, vinegar, apple juice, seawater, toothpaste, soap,detergent,

Eg
stomach acid,acid in battery milk of magnesia

1. Corrosive 1. Corrosive
2. Taste sour 2. Taste bitter
Properties
3. Blue litmus paper turns Red 3. Red litmus paper turns Blue
4. pH less than 7 4. pH more than 7

1. Ascorbic acid - Vitamin C 1. Sodium hydroxide - detergent,

tablets soap, plastic
2. Citric acid - fruit juices 2. Calcium oxide - cement
Usage
3. Nitric acid - fertilisers, insect 3. Magnesium hydroxide -
repellents toothpaste, medicine (milk of
magnesia)
 What is pH? (refer to pg 80)

Chemical reaction between some metal with some acids:

Metal + Acid Salt + Hydrogen(gas - bubbles)

Zinc + Sulfuric acid Zinc sulphate + Hydrogen
Zinc + Hydrochloric Zinc chloride + Hydrogen

How to get the salt?

How to know the name of second part of the name of
the salt?
How to know number of atoms involved?
 9E.3 - 9E.4 (pg 76 -79)
NEUTRALISATION

ACID + ALKALI NEUTRAL SALT + WATER

Using pH value produces quantitative result ( number &

not description)
To avoid subjective result in measuring pH value, pH
probe is used to get objective result.

Function of Neutralisation (pg 78 ~79) :

1. Calamine lotion / Baking powder - bee sting (acidic)
2. Vinegar - wasp sting (alkaline)
3. Common salt - in cooking
 What is compound metal?

NEUTRALISATION REACTION

METAL CARBONATE (Metal CO₃) METAL OXIDE (Metal O)

Copper carbonate (CuCO₃) Copper oxide (CuO)

Zinc carbonate (ZnCO₃) Sodium oxide (Na₂O)
Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) Zinc Oxide (ZnO)

Metal CO₃ + acid Salt+H₂O+CO₂ Metal O + acid Salt+H₂O

CuCO₃+H₂SO₄ CuSO₄+H₂O+CO₂ CuO+H₂SO₄ CuSO₄+H₂O

(salt-crystal blue) (salt-crystal blue)

What is Combustion reaction & Thermal decomposition

reaction?