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Department of Natural Sciences

University of St. La Salle


Bacolod City
500 BC Pythagoras Male vapors condensed
into semen
500 BC Empedocles Females also have semen

300 BC Aristotle Male and female semen


are produced by the
blood
1600 William Harvey Found no coagulating
semen in developing
chick and deer embryos
1677 Anton van Saw microcopic
Leeuwenhook sperm cells
1680 Jan Proposed preformation
Swammerdam hypothesis
1790 Caspar Wolff, Proposed epigenesis (gametes
Pierre Moreau contain bodies that govern
De Maupertius development)
1800 Jean Baptiste Proposed
Lamarcke inheritance
of acquired
characteristics

1859 Charles Darwin Proposed


pangenesis (the
body produces
tiny physical
units called gemmules that give rise
to units similar to their origin)
1866 Gregor Mendel Advanced the principles
1856-1863 of segregation and
independent assortment

1869 Friedrich Miescher Discovered presence of


DNA in nuclei of pus
cells
1900 August Weismann Formulated the germ
plasm theory
1900 Hugo de Vries Rediscovered Mendel's
Carl Correns principles
E. von Tschermak
1902 Archibald Garrod Noted the first genetic
disease
1902 Walter Sutton Proposed the chromosome
Theodore Boven theory
1906 William Bateson Discovered the principle of
linkage; coined the word
“genetics”
1908 G. H. Hardy Formulated the Hardy-
Wilhelm Weinberg Weinberg principle of
population genetics
1910 Thomas Morgan Demonstrated that genes
are on chromosomes
1913 A.H. Sturtevant Constructed a genetic map
1927 H. J. Muller Induced mutation by X-rays
1931 Harriet Creighton Obtained physical evidence
Barbara McClintock for recombination
1941 George Beadle, Proposed the one gene-one
E. L. Tatum enzyme hypothesis
1944 Oswald Avery Identified DNA as
Colin McLeod the material genes
Maclyn McCarty are made of
1953 James Watson Determined the
Francis Crick structure of DNA
Rosalind Franklin
Maurice Wilkins

1958 Matthew Meselson Demonstrated the semi-conservative


Franklin Stahl nature of DNA replication
1961 Sidney Brenner Discovered mRNA
Francois Jacob
Matthew Meselson

1961 Francois Jacob Discovered the operon, a gene regulating


Jacques Monod system
1966 M. Nirenberg Finished unraveling the genetic code
Har Gobind
Khorana
1972 Paul Berg Made the first recombinant DNA in vitro
1973 Herb, Boyer, Cohen First used a plasmid to clone DNA
1977 Walter Gilbert Worked out methods to determine the
Frederick Sanger sequence of bases in DNA
1977 Frederick Sanger Determined the base sequence of an
entire viral genome
1977 Philip Sharp, et al Discovered interruptions (introns) in genes
1987 Kary Mullis Invented PCR
1990 Lap-Chee Tsui Found the gene responsible for cystic
Francis Collins fibrosis
John Riordan
1990 James Watson, et al Launched the Human Genome Project to
map the entire human genome and
determine its base sequence
1996 Ian Wilmut Cloned Dolly the lamb
2000 James Watson, et al Completion of Human Genome Project
2010 Whole organs grown in culture?
2020 Chimp/human hybrids demand human
rights?
2050 Self-aware computers demand human
rights?
HISTORY OF MODERN GENETICS: TIMELINE

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