Steps to create database manually on Oracle 10g example

Summary: There are two major steps in this process.

Create directories necessary to host the datafiles and other Oracle control files.

1. Create the database using the directories and control files created in step 1.

The followings are the detail steps to perform these two steps.
Summary
=======
Assuming Oracle 10g software are installed on FC 3 system.
-Database name: oradb
-Oracle Datafile directories: /disk1/u01/oracleData /disk2/u02/oracleData
-The following environmental variables are set: $ORACLE_BASE $ORACLE_HOME

Two sections:
A. Preparing file directories and init file.
B. Creating database.

**********************************************
A. Preparing file directories and init file.
**********************************************
STEP 1
********
- /disk1/u01/oracleData and /disk2/u02/oracleData directories are
created by root and set the "oracle" user as owner and groups as
"oinstall".
You can use the following commands to create these directories.
$mkdir -p /disk1/u01/oracleData
$chown oracle /disk1/u01/oracleData
$chown -R oracle /disk1/u01/oracleData
$chgrp -R oinstall /disk1/u01/oracleData
Repeat same steps for /disk2.

STEP 2
********
-Create admin directory in $ORACLE_BASE and datafile directory for new
database.
You can use the following script to do that. This script also copy
the preconfigured init.ora file and create password file.
=========================oracreate.sh====================================
#!/usr/bin/sh

db_name=oradb
oracle_data_disk1=/disk1/u01/oracleData
oracle_data_disk2=/disk2/u02/oracleData

if [ ! -d $ORACLE_BASE/admin ]; then
mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin
echo "create $ORACLE_BASE/admin direcotry"
fi
if [ ! -d $oracle_data_disk1 ]; then
mkdir -p $oracle_data_disk1
 echo "create $oracle_data_disk1 direcotry"

fi
if [ ! -d $oracle_data_disk2 ]; then
mkdir -p $oracle_data_disk2
echo "create $oracle_data_disk2 direcotry"
fi

mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$db_name
echo "mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$db_name"

mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$db_name/adhoc
echo "mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$db_name/adhoc"

mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$db_name/bdump
echo "mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$db_name/bdump"

mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$db_name/cdump
echo "mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$db_name/cdump"

mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$db_name/create
echo "mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$db_name/create"

mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$db_name/exp
echo "mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$db_name/exp"

mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$db_name/pfile
echo "mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$db_name/pfile"

mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$db_name/udump
echo "mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$db_name/udump"

##########Create Data file direcotry##################

mkdir $oracle_data_disk1/$db_name
echo "mkdir $oracle_data_disk1/$db_name"
mkdir $oracle_data_disk2/$db_name
echo "mkdir $oracle_data_disk2/$db_name"

mkdir $oracle_data_disk1/$db_name/archive
echo "mkdir $oracle_data_disk1/$db_name/archive"

mkdir $oracle_data_disk1/$db_name/system
echo "mkdir $oracle_data_disk1/$db_name/system"

mkdir $oracle_data_disk1/$db_name/redo
echo "mkdir $oracle_data_disk1/$db_name/redo"
mkdir $oracle_data_disk2/$db_name/redo
echo "mkdir $oracle_data_disk2/$db_name/redo"

mkdir $oracle_data_disk1/$db_name/indx
echo "mkdir $oracle_data_disk1/$db_name/indx"

mkdir $oracle_data_disk1/$db_name/temp
echo "mkdir $oracle_data_disk1/$db_name/temp"
mkdir $oracle_data_disk1/$db_name/users
echo "mkdir $oracle_data_disk1/$db_name/users"

cp init$db_name.ora $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init$db_name.ora
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw password=ORACLE
entries=5
======================oracreate.sh========================================
======

-You can also use this script to clean the directories and files created
by oracreate.sh
=======================oraclean.sh========================================
======
db_name=oradb
rm -rf $ORACLE_BASE/admin/*
echo "rm -rf $ORACLE_BASE/admin/*"

oracle_data_disk1=/disk1/u01/oracleData
oracle_data_disk2=/disk2/u02/oracleData
rm -rf $oracle_data_disk1/*
rm -rf $oracle_data_disk2/*
echo "rm -rf $oracle_data_disk1/*"
echo "rm -rf $oracle_data_disk2/*"

rm $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init$db_name.ora
echo "rm $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init$db_name.ora"

rm $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw
echo "rm $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw"
=======================oraclean.sh========================================
======

-This is the example of initoradb.ora initialization file.

======================initoradb.ora=======================================
=====
#
# $Header: init.ora 06-aug-98.10:24:40 atsukerm Exp $
#
# Copyright (c) 1991, 1997, 1998 by Oracle Corporation
# NAME
# init.ora
# FUNCTION
# NOTES
# MODIFIED
# atsukerm 08/06/98 - fix for 8.1.
# hpiao 06/05/97 - fix for 803
# glavash 05/12/97 - add oracle_trace_enable comment
# hpiao 04/22/97 - remove ifile=, events=, etc.
# alingelb 09/19/94 - remove vms-specific stuff
# dpawson 07/07/93 - add more comments regarded archive start
# maporter 10/29/92 - Add vms_sga_use_gblpagfile=TRUE
# jloaiza 03/07/92 - change ALPHA to BETA
# danderso 02/26/92 - change db_block_cache_protect to
_db_block_cache_p
# ghallmar 02/03/92 - db_directory -> db_domain
# maporter 01/12/92 - merge changes from branch 1.8.308.1
# maporter 12/21/91 - bug 76493: Add control_files parameter
# wbridge 12/03/91 - use of %c in archive format is discouraged
# ghallmar 12/02/91 - add global_names=true,
db_directory=us.acme.com
# thayes 11/27/91 - Change default for cache_clone
# jloaiza 08/13/91 - merge changes from branch 1.7.100.1
# jloaiza 07/31/91 - add debug stuff
# rlim 04/29/91 - removal of char_is_varchar2
# Bridge 03/12/91 - log_allocation no longer exists
# Wijaya 02/05/91 - remove obsolete parameters
#
##########################################################################
####
# Example INIT.ORA file
#
# This file is provided by Oracle Corporation to help you customize
# your RDBMS installation for your site. Important system parameters
# are discussed, and example settings given.
#
# Some parameter settings are generic to any size installation.
# For parameters that require different values in different size
# installations, three scenarios have been provided: SMALL, MEDIUM
# and LARGE. Any parameter that needs to be tuned according to
# installation size will have three settings, each one commented
# according to installation size.
#
# Use the following table to approximate the SGA size needed for the
# three scenarious provided in this file:
#
# -------Installation/Database Size------
# SMALL MEDIUM LARGE
# Block 2K 4500K 6800K 17000K
# Size 4K 5500K 8800K 21000K
#
# To set up a database that multiple instances will be using, place
# all instance-specific parameters in one file, and then have all
# of these files point to a master file using the IFILE command.
# This way, when you change a public
# parameter, it will automatically change on all instances. This is
# necessary, since all instances must run with the same value for many
# parameters. For example, if you choose to use private rollback segments,
# these must be specified in different files, but since all gc_*
# parameters must be the same on all instances, they should be in one
file.
#
# INSTRUCTIONS: Edit this file and the other INIT files it calls for
# your site, either by using the values provided here or by providing
# your own. Then place an IFILE= line into each instance-specific
# INIT file that points at this file.
#
# NOTE: Parameter values suggested in this file are based on conservative
# estimates for computer memory availability. You should adjust values
upward
# for modern machines.
#
# You may also consider using Database Configuration Assistant tool (DBCA)
# to create INIT file and to size your initial set of tablespaces based
# on the user input.
##########################################################################
#####

# replace DEFAULT with your database name

db_name=oradb
instance_name=oradb

open_cursors=300
db_files = 80 #
SMALL
# db_files = 400 #
MEDIUM
# db_files = 1500 #
LARGE

db_file_multiblock_read_count = 8 #
SMALL
# db_file_multiblock_read_count = 16 #
MEDIUM
# db_file_multiblock_read_count = 32 #
LARGE

db_block_buffers = 100 #
SMALL
# db_block_buffers = 550 #
MEDIUM
# db_block_buffers = 3200 #
LARGE

#shared_pool_size = 3500000 #
SMALL
# shared_pool_size = 5000000 #
MEDIUM
# shared_pool_size = 9000000 #
LARGE
shared_pool_size = 52132659

log_checkpoint_interval = 10000

processes = 50 #
SMALL
# processes = 100 #
MEDIUM
# processes = 200 #
LARGE

parallel_max_servers = 5 #
SMALL
# parallel_max_servers = 4 x (number of CPUs) #
MEDIUM
# parallel_max_servers = 4 x (number of CPUs) #
LARGE

log_buffer = 32768 #
SMALL
# log_buffer = 32768 #
MEDIUM
# log_buffer = 163840 #
LARGE

# audit_trail = true # if you want auditing

# timed_statistics = true # if you want timed statistics
max_dump_file_size = 10240 # limit trace file size to 5 Meg each

# Uncommenting the line below will cause automatic archiving if archiving

has
# been enabled using ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG.
# log_archive_start = true
# log_archive_dest = disk$rdbms:[oracle.archive]
# log_archive_format = "T%TS%S.ARC"

# If using private rollback segments, place lines of the following

# form in each of your instance-specific init.ora files:
# rollback_segments = (name1, name2)

# If using public rollback segments, define how many

# rollback segments each instance will pick up, using the formula
# # of rollback segments = transactions /
transactions_per_rollback_segment
# In this example each instance will grab 40/5 = 8:
# transactions = 40
# transactions_per_rollback_segment = 5

# Global Naming -- enforce that a dblink has same name as the db it

connects to
global_names = TRUE

# Edit and uncomment the following line to provide the suffix that will be
# appended to the db_name parameter (separated with a dot) and stored as
the
# global database name when a database is created. If your site uses
# Internet Domain names for e-mail, then the part of your e-mail address
after
# the '@' is a good candidate for this parameter value.

# db_domain = us.acme.com # global database name is db_name.db_domain

# FOR DEVELOPMENT ONLY, ALWAYS TRY TO USE SYSTEM BACKING STORE

# vms_sga_use_gblpagfil = TRUE

# FOR BETA RELEASE ONLY. Enable debugging modes. Note that these can
# adversely affect performance. On some non-VMS ports the
db_block_cache_*
# debugging modes have a severe effect on performance.
#_db_block_cache_protect = true # memory protect
buffers
#event = "10210 trace name context forever, level 2" # data block checking
#event = "10211 trace name context forever, level 2" # index block
checking
#event = "10235 trace name context forever, level 1" # memory heap
checking
#event = "10049 trace name context forever, level 2" # memory protect
cursors

# define parallel server (multi-instance) parameters

#ifile = ora_system:initps.ora

# define two control files by default

control_files = ("/disk1/u01/oracleData/oradb/control01.ctl",
"/disk1/u01/oracleData/oradb/control02.ctl",
"/disk1/u01/oracleData/oradb/control03.ctl")

# Uncomment the following line if you wish to enable the Oracle Trace
product
# to trace server activity. This enables scheduling of server collections
# from the Oracle Enterprise Manager Console.
# Also, if the oracle_trace_collection_name parameter is non-null,
# every session will write to the named collection, as well as enabling
you
# to schedule future collections from the console.

# oracle_trace_enable = TRUE

# Uncomment the following line, if you want to use some of the new 8.1
# features. Please remember that using them may require some downgrade
# actions if you later decide to move back to 8.0.

#compatible = 8.1.0

background_dump_dest = /opt/oracle/admin/oradb/bdump
core_dump_dest = /opt/oracle/admin/oradb/cdump
user_dump_dest = /opt/oracle/admin/oradb/udump

UNDO_MANAGEMENT = AUTO
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST = /disk1/u01/oracleData/oradb/archive
=====================initoradb.ora========================================
======

*********************
B. Creating database.
*********************

STEP 1: Connect to oracle and create SPFILE

-------------------------------------------
Connect into oracle 10g software with system user and password manager.
You need to change system password for security.
-Create SPFILE using initoradb.ora with this command.
Assuming your $ORACLE_HOME environmental varial has this value:
/opt/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1
 Save the following script in the current directory when you issue
sqlplus command to connect to oracle.
=================crstep1.sql ================================
create SPFILE='/opt/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1/dbs/spfileoradb.ora'
from PFILE='/opt/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1/dbs/initoradb.ora';
=================crstep1.sql ================================
$sqlplus /nolog
SQL>connect system/manager as sysdba;
SQL>sta crstep1.sql

STEP 2: Creating database oradb

-------------------------------
-I recommend save your create database statement in a script.
I use the following script to create oradb database.
Oracle recommend a UNDO and DEFAULT TEMPORARY tablespace for each
database.
-All new user without an explicit temporary tablespace will be asigned
this
TEMPORARY tablespace.
===================================crstep2.sql============================
======
CREATE DATABASE oradb
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/disk1/u01/oracleData/oradb/redo/redo01.log',
'/disk2/u02/oracleData/oradb/redo/redo01.log') size
20M REUSE,
GROUP 2 ('/disk1/u01/oracleData/oradb/redo/redo02.log',
'/disk2/u02/oracleData/oradb/redo/redo02.log') size
20M REUSE,
GROUP 3 ('/disk1/u01/oracleData/oradb/redo/redo03.log',
'/disk2/u02/oracleData/oradb/redo/redo03.log') size
20M REUSE,
GROUP 4 ('/disk1/u01/oracleData/oradb/redo/redo04.log',
'/disk2/u02/oracleData/oradb/redo/redo04.log') size
20M REUSE
MAXLOGFILES 5
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXDATAFILES 500
MAXINSTANCES 1
DATAFILE '/disk1/u01/oracleData/oradb/system/system01.dbf' size 200M
REUSE
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1M MAXSIZE 200M
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/disk1/u01/oracleData/oradb/system/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE
300M REUSE
UNDO TABLESPACE undots
DATAFILE '/disk1/u01/oracleData/oradb/system/undo01.dbf' SIZE
256M REUSE
AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts
TEMPFILE '/disk1/u01/oracleData/oradb/temp/temp01.dbf' size 256M
reuse
CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1;
===================================crstep2.sql============================
======

While still in SQL> prompt, run this command to startup oracle engine
without
mounting any database.
SQL>startup nomount;
Then execute create database script crstep2.sql
SQL>sta crstep2.sql;
This step may take several minutes and consumes system resource.

STEP 3: Create custom table space

---------------------------------
-We decide to use undo table space in create database statement.
Hence we don't explicitly create rollback segment in this step.
-Oracle official documentation recommends using undo tablespace which
is better managed by oracle 10g.
-Support for rollback segment will be deprecated in future release.
I only create users and index tablespace. Lines start with two dashes
are commented. I keep them here to show the syntax to create rollback
segments.

====================crstep3.sql======================================
-- Create the following tablespaces:
-- 1. users tablespace
-- 2. index tablespace

--CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT rb_temp STORAGE (INITIAL 64k NEXT 128K);

--ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT rb_temp ONLINE;
--

CREATE TABLESPACE users

DATAFILE '/disk1/u01/oracleData/oradb/users/users01.dbf' size 256M,
'/disk1/u01/oracleData/oradb/users/users02.dbf' size 256M
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 512K
MINIMUM EXTENT 64K
DEFAULT STORAGE (INITIAL 256K NEXT 128K MINEXTENTS 2 MAXEXTENTS
2048);

CREATE TABLESPACE indx

DATAFILE '/disk1/u01/oracleData/oradb/indx/indx01.dbf' size 256M,
'/disk1/u01/oracleData/oradb/indx/indx02.dbf' size 256M ;

--All new user without an explicit temp table space will be asigned this.
Recommended by oracle.
--CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
-- TEMPFILE '/disk1/u01/oracleData/oradb/temp/temp01.dbf' size 256M
reuse;
--ALTER database oradb DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1;

--CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT rb1 STORAGE (INITIAL 32K NEXT 64K) TABLESPACE
rbs;
--CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT rb2 STORAGE (INITIAL 32K NEXT 64K) TABLESPACE
rbs;
--CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT rb3 STORAGE (INITIAL 32K NEXT 64K) TABLESPACE
rbs;
--CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT rb4 STORAGE (INITIAL 32K NEXT 64K) TABLESPACE
rbs;
 --ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT rb1 ONLINE;
--ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT rb2 ONLINE;
--ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT rb3 ONLINE;
--ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT rb4 ONLINE;

--ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT rb_temp OFFLINE;

--DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT rb_temp;
====================crstep3.sql======================================
While still in SQL> prompt, run crstep3.sql
SQL>sta crstep3.sql;
This step may take several minutes and consumes system resource.

STEP 4:Building default catalog and dictionaries.

------------------------------------------------
-Basically, run the scripts provided by oracle 10g to create dictionaries.
Here
is the script.

========================crstep4.sql=================================
@/opt/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql;
@/opt/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql;
@/opt/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql;
========================crstep4.sql=================================
While still in SQL> prompt, run crstep4.sql
SQL>sta crstep4.sql;
This step may take several minutes and consumes system resource. You will
notice a lot of message about Package, Grant, View and Synonym flying
through the screen.

STEP 5:Creating user and start using new database

------------------------------------------------
-Here is the example script to create user. You can run individual script
in
SQL> prompt also. User joe will have dba privilege in oradb database.

===============crstep5.sql======================
create user joe identified by joepassword;
grant connect,resource,dba to joe;
alter user salim default tablespace users;
===============crstep5.sql======================

While still in SQL> prompt, run crstep5.sql

SQL>sta crstep5.sql;
SQL>exit;

The last step is to start listener with this command.

$lsnrctl start

END: Enjoy using new database.

Extra Notes

 You can change the database from dictionary managed to local managed by using EXTENT MANAGEMENT
 LOCAL clause.
 For some reasons, after I change to local management in create database clasue, if I add AUTOEXTEND ON
MAXSIZE UNLIMITED to default database tablespace clause, I get create statement error. In my create
database example script, it is this line DATAFILE
'/disk1/u01/oracleData/oradb/system/system01.dbf' size 200M REUSE. May be
this clause does not allow AUTOEXTEND to UNLIMITED.
 Local managed also requires larger system tablespace. I bump up system01.dbf from 200M to 325M as the
value shown in Oracle Tutorial. This helps to eliminate insufficient system tablespace issue when creating
system catalogs.
 I also try to use the CHARACTER SET US7ASCII and NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16 in
create database clause without problem.
 I need to add pupbld.sql in crstep4 to solve error message appears in sqlplus about
PRODUCT_USER_PROFILE not loaded.....If you have not done so, you can run this script directly from
sqlplus but make sure no one is accessing database when the script is run.

http://www.gotidea.net/Database/10gcreatedb.html