Senior High School

Contemporary
Philippine Arts
from the Region

Department of Education ● Republi of the Philippines

Lesson

3 Architecture in the Philippines

 WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

At the end of the week, students will be able to:

1. Understand the development of architecture in the Philippines.

2. Identify Filipino architecture and architects.
3. Appreciate Filipino ingenuity and creativity.

WHAT I KNOW?

Activity 1. Pre-Assessment

Categorization. Sort the events as to the period happened. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Invention of various tools allowed for the fabrication a. Prehistory

of tent-like shelters and tree houses
2. Far Eastern University (FEU) were designed by b. Classical
National Artist Pablo Antonio
3. The Bahay na Bato was constructed out of brick c. Spanish Colonial
and stone rather than the traditional bamboo
materials.
4. Cultural Center of the Philippines complex was built d. American
and National Theater began in 1969.
5. Established a system to water the plots by e. Modern
harvesting water from mountaintop forest.
6. Manila Metropolitan Theater was built and designed
by Juan M. Arellano
7. The Philippine Arena was built at Ciudad de
Victoria.
8. Fort Santiago (Fuerza de Santiago) is a defense
fortress established by Spanish
9. Iglesia ni Kristo was built.
10. The existing torogans were built by the community
and the slaves for the King in 1800’s.
 WHAT’S IN?

In previous lesson, the student was able to develop understanding and

knowledge of Philippine sculptures and able to identify creative works of famous
Filipino artists.

WHAT’S NEW?

Activity 1: Build Me Up

The student will create paper towers.

WHAT IS IT?

The history and culture of the Philippines are reflected in its architectural
heritage, in dwellings of its various peoples, in churches and mosques, and in the
buildings that have risen in response to the demands of progress and the aspirations
of the people.
Architecture in the Philippines today is the result of a natural growth enriched
with the absorption of varied influences. It developed from the pre-colonial influences
of our neighboring Malay brothers, continuing on the Spanish colonial period, the
American Commonwealth period, and the modern contemporary times. As a result,
the Philippine has become an architectural melting pot-uniquely Filipino with a touch
of the occidental.

Development of Architecture in the Philippines

Period
Prehistory Classical Spanish American Modern
Colonial

-The structures’ -Invention of -Creation of -Establishment of -Used simple

original builders various tools religious Civil government straight line of the
used stone and allowed for the structures to from the city all International
mud walls to fabrication of tent- support the the way to the Modern Style as a
carefully curve and like shelters and growing number municipal level. chief mode of
construct terraces tree houses of religious expression.
that could hold organizations. -Far Eastern
flooded pond fields -Classical houses University (FEU) - Cultural Center
for the cultivation were -The Bahay na were designed by of the Philippines
of rice. characterized by Bato was National Artist complex was built
rectangular constructed out Pablo Antonio and National
- Established a structures of brick and stone Theater began in
system to water elevated on stilt rather than the -Manila 1969.
the plots by foundation traditional Metropolitan
harvesting water bamboo Theater was built -The Philippine
from mountaintop -Bahay Kubo, the materials. It is a and designed by Arena was built at
forest. These native houses of mixture of native Juan M. Arellano Ciudad de
engineering feats the indigenous Filipino, Spanish Victoria.
were done by people of the and Chinese -Iglesia ni Kristo
hand as was the Philippines was influence. was bult. - Iloilo Convention
farming itself. built Center was built
-Intramuros is the at Iloilo Business
-Maintenance of - The existing old walled city Park. The
the rice terraces torogans were construction was
reflects a primary built by the -Fort Santiago completed in
cooperative community and (Fuerza de September 2015
approach to the the slaves for the Santiago) is a in time for the
whole community King in 1800’s. defense fortress APEC 2015
established by hosting.
-The masjid was Spanish
extensively built.

WHAT’S MORE?

Activity 2. E-Photo Mo

The student will take picture about the architectural structure found in their
local area. The picture must be placed in a short bond paper with the following
Information listed below:

Location:
Designer:
Date of Built:
Dedicated to:

Notes to the Teacher

Use the rubric below to evaluate the output of Activity 2. (Rubric may be
changed depending on the agreement between the teacher/facilitator and the
learner).
 Rubric for Photo Exhibit

Criteria Rating
Needs more Good Wonderful Magnificent
(1) (2) (3) (4)

Understanding The photo The photo is The photo is The photo

(demonstration that shows little to planned planned display is
instructions and no evidence of carefully; carefully; planned
concepts are understanding understanding understanding carefully;
understood) the concepts of some of most understanding
and concepts and concepts and of all concepts
instructions instruction instructions is and
shown shown instructions is
clearly shown

Craftsmanship/Skill The photo The photo The photo the photo

(neatness, shows below shows average shows very shows
precision, care and average to very or basic good or advanced or
preparing work) poor craftsmanship proficient outstanding
craftsmanship and attention to craftsmanship, craftsmanship
and little detail with some with clear
attention to attention to attention to
detail detail detail

Creativity/Originality The photo The photo The photo The selected

(selection of work demonstrates demonstrates demonstrates photo
expression of ideas little to no an average some personal demonstrates
and imagination) personal amount of expression and original
expression personal logical problem personal
expression solving expression and
outstanding
problem
solving

Effort The student The student put The student put The student
(What it takes to put forth little forth the effort forth the effort put forth
finish the project as to no effort required to required to extraordinary
well as possible, required to finish the complete the effort to
time dedicated to finish the project project well complete the
the project. project project well as
possible

Adapted https://www.rcampus.com Retrieved July 8, 2020.

 WHAT I HAVE LEARNED?

Architecture in the Philippines reflects the ingenuity and resilience of our

ancestors. It is culturally and geographically distinctive, made with local materials
that are designed to adapt to the geographical climate. Filipino designs use
handcrafted lighting fixtures and accessories made of indigenous materials.

WHAT I CAN DO?

Activity 4. Picture Collage

The student will upload at least five (5) photos or images of architecture found
in the Philippines designed by famous Filipino artist arranged to form a collage.

Notes to the Teacher

Use the rubric below to evaluate the output of Activity 4. (Rubric may be
changed depending on the agreement between the teacher/facilitator and the
learner).

Rubric for Photo Collage

Criteria Rating
Poor Fair Good Excellent
(1) (2) (3) (4)

Organization The pictures The pictures The pictures are The pictures are
are not are generally well organized extremely
organized and organized and included several organized and
balanced balanced different types of balanced
media photos included several
different types of
media photos

Content The picture The picture The picture The picture

Knowledge collage did not collage collage collage sincerely
demonstrate generally demonstrated demonstrated
student’s demonstrated student’s student’s
understanding student’s understanding of understanding of
of the understanding assignment the assignment.
assignment of the Student added
assignment but extra information
few things were above.
lacking
Format Student did not Student Student followed Student followed
follow format generally format given and format given
given for this followed format included all included all
assignment given but few required required
things missing information but information.
there was none of Student have
the students also included
owns writing something extra

Creativity Not much Some effort The student The student

effort put into was given to demonstrated demonstrated
making the make the creative methods creative methods
collage collage for designing a for designing
colorful, interesting collage. Various collage. Various
unique, or eye materials were materials were
catching utilized and colors utilized and
were distributed colors were
distributed. It was
very neat and
appealing
Adapted https://www.rcampus.com Retrieved July 8, 2020.
Lesson
Art to Heart: Finding Inner-Self
as an Artist
4
 WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

At the end of the week, students will be able to:

1. Understand the meaning of painting as an art form.

2. Create drawings that encourages the emergence of symbolic representation
of one self.
3. Experiment with the fluid properties of paint, colors and primitive materials.

WHAT I KNOW?

Activity 1. Pre-Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which type of paint contains a plastic resin made of acrylics?

a. Elastomeric Paint c. Epoxy Paint
b. Latex Paint d. Alkyd Paint
2. What do you call the colors that sit next to each other on the color wheel?
a. Primary Colors c. Analogous Color
b. Familial Colors d. Complementary Colors
3. Which type of paint is most often used for molding, cabinets and furniture?
a. Oil-Based Paint c. Acrylic-Based Paint
b. Water-Based Paint d. Fresco-Based Paint
4. Before applying a primer to your walls, you would want to fill in any holes with
this.
a. Solvent c. Acrylic Resins
b. Sparkle d. Block Filler
5. Which paint finish is known for being easy to clean and boasting a nice soft
finish?
a. Eggshell c. Matte
b. Satin d. Semi-gloss
6. Which paint finish has little or no sheen at all and is great at hiding
imperfections?
a. Eggshell c. Matte
b. Satin d. Semi-gloss
7. Which paint finish boasts a silky, pearlescent finish?
a. Eggshell c. Matte
b. Satin d. Semi-gloss
 8. What do you call hues directly opposite each other on the color wheel?
a. Complementary Colors c. Primary Colors
b. Tertiary Colors d. Analogous Colors
9. What are the primary colors?
a. Green+Violet+Orange c. Red+Yellow+Blue
b. Black+White+Brown d. Teal+Amber+Magenta
10. What type of paintbrush is best when using water-based paint?
a. Natural-Bristle Brush c. Nylon-Bristle Brush
b. Hog-Bristle brush d. Stainless-Bristle Brush

WHAT’S IN?

In previous lesson the student was able to gain knowledge in the growth of
Philippine architecture, famous Filipino builders and the importance it depicts to
describe the history of Filipino people.

WHAT’S NEW

Activity 1: Spot the Difference

The student will find a set number of differences between two otherwise similar
images where one image or photograph have been altered. The teacher may select
a picture of his/her own choice.

WHAT IS IT?

Painting is a specialized form of drawing that refers to using brushes to

apply colored liquids to support, usually canvas or paper, but sometimes wooden
panels, metal plates, and walls. For example, Leonardo da Vinci painted Mona Lisa
on a wood panel.
Paint is composed of three main ingredients: pigments, binders, and solvents.
The colored pigments are suspended in a sticky binder in order to apply them and
make adhere to the support. Solvent dissolve the binder on order to remove it but
can also be used in smaller quantities to make paint more fluid.
As with drawing, different kinds of painting have mostly to do with the material
that is being used. Oil, acrylic, watercolor, encaustic, fresco, and tempera are some
of different kinds of painting. For the most part, the pigment or coloring agents in
paints remain the same. The thing that distinguishes one kind of painting from
another is the binder.
Oil painting was discovered in the fifteenth century and uses vegetable oils,
primarily linseed oil and walnut oil, as the binding agent. Oil paint can oxidize and
darken or yellow over time if not properly crafted. Some pigments have been found
to be fugitive, meaning they lose their color overtime, especially when exposed to
direct sunlight. This can be seen in a detail of Leonardo’s Mona Lisa where the
figure’s eyebrows and eye lashes are now “missing”.
Acrylic painting is relatively modern and uses water-soluble acrylic polymer
as the binding agent. Water is the solvent. Acrylic dries very quickly and can be used
to build up thick layers of paint in a short time. One problem with acrylic is that the
colors can subtly change as it dries, making this medium less suitable for portraiture
or other projects where accurate color is vital. Nevertheless, acrylic paint is preferred
over oil paint by many artists today, in part due to its greater case of use and clean
up, and because its rapid drying time allows the artist to work at a faster pace.
Watercolor painting suspends colored pigments in water-soluble gum Arabic
distilled from the Acacia tree as the binder. Watercolor paints are mixed with water
and brushed onto an absorbent surface, usually paper. Before the industrial era,
watercolor was used as an outdoor sketching medium because it was more portable
than oil paint, which had to be prepared for long periods or easily transported.
Encaustic uses melted beeswax as the binder and must be applied to rigid
supports like wood with heated brushes. The advantage of encaustic is that it
remains fresh and vibrant over centuries. Encaustic paintings from ancient Egypt
dating to the period of Roman occupation are brilliantly colored as when they were
first painted.
Fresco is the process painting onto plaster; it is a long-lasting technique.
Paintings made using the buon fresco technique become part of the wall because
the wet plaster absorbs the pigment as it applied.
Tempera painting has been around for centuries. The most popular version of
painting during the Middle Ages was egg tempura., in which dry colored pigments
were mixed with egg yolk and applied quickly to a stable surface in layers of short
brushstrokes.

WHAT’S MORE?

Activity 2. Name Paint

The student will use watercolor or any available material that can produce
color to paint the title of their favorite movie.
Notes to the Teacher

Use the rubric below to evaluate the output of Activity 2. (Rubric may be
changed depending on the agreement between the teacher/facilitator and the
learner).

Criteria Rubric for Individual Performance

More Effort Developing Independent Excellent
1 2 3 4
Drawing is Drawing includes Drawing includes Drawing includes
Creativity and finished but an idea, but lacks some unique many unique
Originality provides no originality and ideas and several ideas and creative
evidence of may have imitated materials were use of material
creativity or someone else’s used
originality paint
Showed below Showed average With little more The work was
Painting Skill average skills in kills in painting effort, the work beautiful and
painting, lack of but a bit careless could have been patiently done, it
pride in finished outstanding. It was a good as
work lacks of finishing hard work could
touch make it
The painting was The student did The artwork Student planned
Elements of Art completed but the painting shows that the carefully, made
(Line, Texture, showed little adequately, yet it student applied several sketches
Color, Form, evidence of any shows lack of the principles of and showed an
Value, Space) understanding of planning and little design while awareness of the
the elements of evidence that an using one or more elements of
art overall elements design. The
composition was effectively student had
planned chosen color
scheme carefully
and space
effectively.
The student does The student able With a little more Student show well
Tools and not show any to use water color effort, the work understanding of
Application competent in paint to compete could have been the usage of tool
using the tool and the task, however outstanding. It and they are able
they are not able the usage of tools lacks of finishing to apply painting
to apply the can be better with touch technique using
technique maximizing it in watercolor paint
the application with great
finishing touch.
Adapted from https://www.scribd.com/doc Retrieved July 7, 2020.

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED?

Painting is a visual dance of imagination. It precedes oral language, making

thoughts visible, allowing individuals to communicate ideas, express feelings,
construct knowledge and attempt to make sense of their environment.
 WHAT I CAN DO?

Activity 4. Me Paint

The student will paint a picture or image that represents him/her as a person.
Use watercolor or any available material that can produce color on a short bond
paper.

Notes to the Teacher

Use the rubric below to evaluate the output of Activity 2. (Rubric may be
changed depending on the agreement between the teacher/facilitator and the
learner).

Criteria Rubric for Individual Performance

More Effort Developing Independent Excellent
Drawing is Drawing includes Drawing includes Drawing includes
Creativity and finished but an idea, but lacks some unique many unique
Originality provides no originality and ideas and several ideas and creative
evidence of may have imitated materials were use of material
creativity or someone else’s used
originality paint
Showed below Showed average With little more The work was
Painting Skill average skills in kills in painting effort, the work beautiful and
painting, lack of but a bit careless could have been patiently done, it
pride in finished outstanding. It was a good as
work lacks of finishing hard work could
touch make it
The painting was The student did The artwork Student planned
Elements of Art completed but the painting shows that the carefully, made
(Line, Texture, showed little adequately, yet it student applied several sketches
Color, Form, evidence of any shows lack of the principles of and showed an
Value, Space) understanding of planning and little design while awareness of the
the elements of evidence that an using one or more elements of
art overall elements design. The
composition was effectively student had
planned chosen color
scheme carefully
and space
effectively.
The student does The student able With a little more Student show well
Tools and not show any to use water color effort, the work understanding of
Application competent in paint to compete could have been the usage of tool
using the tool and the task, however outstanding. It and they are able
they are not able the usage of tools lacks of finishing to apply painting
to apply the can be better with touch technique using
technique maximizing it in watercolor paint
the application with great
finishing touch.
Adapted from https://www.scribd.com/doc Retrieved July 7, 2020.
Summary

Studying Philippine various art forms allow students to broaden their

understanding of themselves, their community and the world. It helps them become
critical thinkers as they consider the influences that led to the creation of each work
of art, such as socio –political climate, the artist’s training and cultural influence. As
arts brings joy, help express values of a people, and build bridges between cultures
through ages. Art can help validate and recognize one’s emotion. Arts subjects
encourage self-expression and creativity and can build confidence as well as a
sense of individual identity. The arts are also fundamental component of a
community, strengthening them socially, educationally, and economically, benefits
that persist even in difficult social and economic times. Earning through and about
the arts enriches the experience of studying while at school as preparing students for
life after school.
Post-Assessment

I. True or False. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. The monument is about 0.89 kilometers from EDSA Shrine. Represent the
People Power Revolution or EDSA Revolution in 1986.
b. True b. False
2. The monument of Magellan is the oldest. It was built in 1866 that makes the
monument almost 150 years old.
a. True b. False
3. MacArthur Landing Memorial Park in Palo beach was the site where the Allied
Forces led by General Douglas MacArthur landed in Leyte on October 20,
1944
a. True b. False
4. Lapu-Lapu is considered the first national hero who successfully defended the
Philippines from the Spanish invasion. He’s a symbol of courage and success
in defeating the enemies.
a. True b. False
5. The EDSA shrine was originally built to commemorate the events during the
People Power Revolution and its peaceful outcome.
a. True b. False
6. Mt. Samat in Bataan was the site where the Philippine and American soldiers
took their last stand against the invading Japanese forces in the Battle of
Bataan.
a. True b. False
7. The Balingaga Encounter Monument reminds us that Filipinos will not back
down to fight for freedom against any foreign invader-even against the mighty
American forces
a. True b. False
8. Andres Bonifacio is popularly known as the Father of the Philippine
Revolution and the founder and Supremo of the katipunan or Samahang
Kataastaasan, kagalanggalang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK)
a. True b. False
9. The monument of Rizal Park (Luneta) is considered by many as the most
popular, most visited and most photographed monument in the Philippines
a. True b. False
10. The People Power Revolution was a series of nonviolent
demonstrations joined by two (2) million Filipino civilians.
a. True b. False
II. Categorization. Sort the events as to the period happened. Write your answer on
a separate sheet of paper.

1. Invention of various tools allowed for the fabrication a. Prehistory

of tent-like shelters and tree houses
2. Far Eastern University (FEU) were designed by b. Classical
National Artist Pablo Antonio
3. The Bahay na Bato was constructed out of brick c. Spanish Colonial
and stone rather than the traditional bamboo
materials.
4. Cultural Center of the Philippines complex was built d. American
and National Theater began in 1969.
5. Established a system to water the plots by e. Modern
harvesting water from mountaintop forest.
6. Manila Metropolitan Theater was built and designed
by Juan M. Arellano
7. The Philippine Arena was built at Ciudad de
Victoria.
8. Fort Santiago (Fuerza de Santiago) is a defense
fortress established by Spanish
9. Iglesia ni Kristo was built.
10. The existing torogans were built by the community
and the slaves for the King in 1800’s.

III. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Painting is manifested in the tattoo tradition of early Filipinos, whom

Portuguese explorer referred to as;
c. Maskara c. Tibole
d. Pintados d. Naga Dragons
2. Artistic paintings were introduced to the Filipinos during;
c. Post-Spanish Colonial c. Spanish Colonial
d. Pre-Spanish Colonial d. Prehistory
3. Filipino Artist whose painting is associated with religious and secular.
c. Felix Hidalgo c. Juan Luna
d. Damian Domingo d. Fernando Amorsolo
4. Paintings appeared mostly in church wall, featured religious figure appearing
in Catholic teachings during the period of;
a. Post-Spanish Colonial c. Spanish Colonial
b. Pre-Spanish Colonial d. Prehistory
5. “Pintados” or Painted People were found in;
a. Mindanao c. Luzon
b. Visayas d. Cebu
6. In early Filipinos painting can be found in;
a. Red slip c. Bamboo
b. Clay d. House
7. Filipinos began creating paintings in the European tradition during the period;
a. Pre-Spanish Colonial c. Prehistory
b. Spanish Colonial d. Post-Spanish Colonial
8. The art of Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo showed a trend for;
a. Secular c. Political
b. Religious d. Economical
9. Famous Filipino Artist uses post-modernism to produce paintings that illustrated
Philippine culture, nature, and harmony
a. Napoleon Abueva c. Lorenzo del Castillo
b. Fernando Amorsolo d. Anastacio Caedo
10. It includes a wide array of media, tools and processes.
a. Film Making c. Visual Arts
b. Photography d. Media Arts
11. Which type of paint contains a plastic resin made of acrylics?
c. Elastomeric Paint c. Epoxy Paint
d. Latex Paint d. Alkyd Paint
12. What do you call the colors that sit next to each other on the color wheel?
c. Primary Colors c. Analogous Color
d. Familial Colors d. Complementary Colors
13. Which type of paint is most often used for molding, cabinets and furniture?
c. Oil-Based Paint c. Acrylic-Based Paint
d. Water-Based Paint d. Fresco-Based Paint
14. Before applying a primer to your walls, you would want to fill in any holes with this.
a. Solvent c. Acrylic Resins
b. Sparkle d. Block Filler
15. Which paint finish is known for being easy to clean and boasting a nice soft finish?
c. Eggshell c. Matte
d. Satin d. Semi-gloss
16. Which paint finish has little or no sheen at all and is great at hiding imperfections?
a. Eggshell c. Matte
b. Satin d. Semi-gloss
17. Which paint finish boasts a silky, pearlescent finish?
a. Eggshell c. Matte
b. Satin d. Semi-gloss
18. What do you call hues directly opposite each other on the color wheel?
a. Complementary Colors c. Primary Colors
b. Tertiary Colors d. Analogous Colors
19. What are the primary colors?
a. Green+Violet+Orange c. Red+Yellow+Blue
b. Black+White+Brown d. Teal+Amber+Magenta
20. What type of paintbrush is best when using water-based paint?
a. Natural-Bristle Brush c. Nylon-Bristle Brush
b. Hog-Bristle brush d. Stainless-Bristle Brush
 REFERENCES

Internet

https://www.slideshare.net retrieved July 7, 2020

https://www.rcampus.com retrieved July 7, 2020
https://www.hgtv.com retrieved July 7, 2020
https://www.academia.edu retrieved July 7, 2020
https://www.scribd.com/doc retrieved July 7, 2020
https://ncca.gov.ph retrieved July 8, 2020.
https://park.org/Philippines retrieved July 8, 2020