Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sergei A. Ostroumov
1 Introduction
2 Methods
3 Role of the main groups of organisms in the biological processes of water purification
4 Aquatic ecosystem as a bioreactor with some features
5. Man-made effects and the effects of some xenobiotics
6. Aquatic ecosystems as part of the apparatus of the biosphere
7. Conclusions.
Abstract. The author formulated a new fundamental concept of aquatic ecosystem as a bioreactor that carries
out the function of water purification in natural water bodies and streams. According to his new concept, the
ecosystem as a bioreactor has the following characteristic attributes: (1) it is a large-scale (large-volume)
bioreactor; (2) it is a diversified (in terms of the number of taxa and the scope of functional activities)
bioreactor; (3) it possesses a broad range of biocatalytic (chemical-transforming and degrading) capabilities.
New experimental data on xenobiotics-induced inhibition of the functioning of the molluscs Unio tumidus, U.
pictorum, M. galloprovincialis and Limnaea stagnalis emphasize the potential ecological hazard from
sublethal concentrations of pollutants (including those exemplified by synthetic surfactants and detergents).
1. INTRODUCTION
Priorities of ecological research include the further studies of ecosystem functioning (Ostroumov et
al., [2003]) that include functioning towards water purification (the self-purification of water) in natural water
bodies and streams.
The self-purification of water in natural ecosystems is a complex group of processes which includes
physical, chemical, and biological components (Sushchenya, [1975]; Alimov [ 1981], [2000]; Skurlatov,
[1988]; Uhlmann, [1988]; Izrael, and Tsyban, [1989]; Ostroumov [1998], [2001], [2002b]; Wetzel [2001]).
Although biological aspects of water self-purification are generally attributed to heterotrophic
microorganisms, the other groups of organisms are also known to play a significant role in this process
(Sushchenya, [1975]; Konstantinov [1979], Alimov [ 1981], [2000], Wallace, and Starkweather, [1985];
Vymazal, [1988]; Walz, [1995]; Monakov[1998]; Wetzel [2001]; also, Vinberg, [1973]; Bul'on, Nikulina,
[1976]; Ivanova,[1976]; Khlebovich, [1976]; - cit. in Ostroumov, [2001]).
The goal of this work was to analyze some data from the literature and our own experimental data on
water self-purification under natural conditions and to formulate a fundamental concept of the aquatic
ecosystem as an analog of a bioreactor (in a broad sense) that contributes to water self-purification mediated
by main groups of aquatic organisms.
This paper is based on some previous publications of the author (Ostroumov [2000c], [2001],
[2002a]).
2. METHODS
The rate of water purification by macrozoobenthic filter feeders was measured experimentally as
described earlier (Ostroumov [2001]). After the water sample had been kept with filter feeders for a certain
time, the water filtration efficiency was monitored by the measuring the optical density of the suspension of
unfiltered single - cell organisms that remained in the water column. The control samples of water were
subjected to the same procedure of filtration, but without the contaminant (chemical) tested. Some other
methods of the studies of the effects of contaminants on aquatic organisms are described in (Waterbury &
Ostroumov [1994] , Ostroumov et al. [1997]).
The first feature is a fundamental difference in the bioreactor size. The volume of technological
bioreactors does not exceed a few hundred cubic meters, whereas the volume of natural ecosystems is
significantly larger. For example, the volumes of lake and estuary ecosystems reach thousands of cubic
kilometers: Lake Baikal, 22995 km 3 ; Lake Superior, 12221 km 3 ; Lake Michigan, 4871 km 3 ; Lake
Issyk-Kul, 1730 km 3 ; Lake Ladoga, 908 km 3 ; Lake Onega, 280 km 3 ; Lake Balkhash, 112 km 3 ;
and Lake Sevan, 38 km 3 ; (1 km 3 = 10 9 m 3 ). This increases the biospheric role of ecological,
biochemical, and biofiltration processes in these systems. Therefore, the physical size and volume of the
system within which water self-purification take place should be taken into consideration. Thus, natural
ecosystems can be regarded as large-size (large-scale) analogues of bioreactors.
The second feature is the differences (in terms of size and diversity) between the gene-pool of
organisms inhabiting natural ecosystems and the genetic pool of organizms grown in technological
bioreactors. This difference leads to a significantly larger diversity of functional activities of organisms in
natural ecosystems. Technological bioreactors are usually inoculated with monocultures or, less frequently,
mixed cultures with a small number of constituting species. In contrast to technological bioreactors, the
biological diversity of natural ecosystems is substantially broader. According to some incomplete estimates,
the number of species in natural ecosystems is as many as several hundred to several thousand (e.g.,
Konstantinov, [1979]). These estimates were obtained without regard to the number of strains of individual
microbial species. If the prokaryote strains are taken into account, the quantitative estimates of the biological
diversity of taxa in natural ecosystems may increase by several orders of magnitude.
Third, an aquatic ecosystem is characterized by a higher degree of autonomy (including energy
autonomy) than technological bioreactors. This autonomy is based on the presence of autotrophic organisms.
Thus we suggest that natural ecosystems should be regarded as multispecies and diversified (i.e., based on the
diversity of organisms and their functions) analogs of bioreactors, implementing a broad spectrum of catalytic
functions (including transformation and degradation of contaminants).
Anthropogenic sublethal effects (including the inhibition of physiological activities) and behavioral
changes in virtually any group or taxon of aquatic organisms may decrease the bioreactor efficiency. Some
sublethal effects should be regarded as a potential hazard to the purification function (Ostroumov [1998],
[2000a ], [2000b], [2002a]; Ostroumov et al. [1997], [1999 ] ). Because the main groups of macroorganisms
and microorganisms play a substantial role in self-purification of ecosystems, it is very important to compare
the sensitivities of the organisms to various contaminants. In some cases, macroorganisms are at least as
sensitive (or even more sensitive) to contaminants as microorganisms (Table 2).
According to the presently adopted regulation of ecological monitoring and bioassaying, the ability of
chemical compounds to damage the self-purification potential of ecosystems is being tested using
heterotrophic bacteria alone. However, it follows from Table 2 that this approach may result in an
underestimation of the effects of contaminants on more sensitive biological components of self-purified
ecosystems (e.g., some macroorganisms).
We obtained new data on the ability of xenobiotics to inhibit water filtration by marine and
freshwater organisms and on the hygienic function of pulmonary mollusks associated with elimination of
organic matter (the removal of phytomass) from the water column in aquatic ecosystems (Table 3).
Some sublethal concentrations of contaminants may inhibit vital activities of other organisms
involved in the functioning of the ecosystem as an analog of a bioreactor (e.g., Ostroumov [2001], [2002a],
Ostroumov et al. [1999]).
V.I. Vernadsky considered the biota as the apparatus of the biosphere (Vernadsky, [2001]). To
continue and develop his thought, we could consider aquatic ecosystems and aquatic biota as a key part of
that apparatus. In that capacity, aquatic ecosystem carries a number of functions, not only the one function
discussed above (water purification). Among those biospherically important functions are the following: (1)
production of organic matter; (2) removing the excess organic matter; ( 3 ) mediating, catalyzing, and
regulating biogeochemical flows and cycles; ( 4) harboring biodiversity and by doing so harboring the
genetic pool of biodiversity; (5) providing links among various parts of the biosphere; ( 6) contributing to
stability of the biosphere.
7. CONCLUSIONS
The fundamental concept put forward in this work emphasizes that both the biological diversity of
aquatic organisms and their normal level of physiological activities are required to provide the effective
functioning of an ecosystem as an analog of a bioreactor. That bioreactor carries a number of biospherically
important functions and processes (we call them 'microbiospheric processes') including those of water
purification (environmental remediation, ecological repair). This may lead to a deeper insight into the
mechanisms of aquatic ecosystems and to better understanding of hazards of the anthropogenic impact on the
biosphere (Yablokov, Ostroumov [1983], [1985], [1991]; Ostroumov [1986]; [Wetzel, 2001]).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author is grateful to Prof. V.V. Malakhov, Prof. V.N. Maksimov, Prof. A.S. Konstantinov, Prof.
E.A. Kriksunov, and other colleagues at Moscow State University and the Russian Academy of Sciences, as
well as Professor Peter Wangersky for advice and stimulating discussion. This study was supported by the
MacArthur Foundation. This work was also partially supported by the RSS, Open Society Foundation. I am
grateful to the colleagues from the Institute of Biology of Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of
Ukraine, Prof. R. Weiner, Dr. P. Donkin, Prof. J. Widdows, Prof. N. Walz, Prof. J. Waterbury, Dr. N.N.
Kolotilova, Dr. M.P. Kolesnikov, and N.E. Zurabova for expert assistance in some experiments.
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Table 1. Contribution of aquatic organisms to some processes important for water self-purification in
ecosystem (some examples; a simplified model)
Group of organisms Biodegrad Uptake Uptake of Producti Oxygen Water Producti Regulation
ation of biogenic on of emissio filtrati on of
xenobio and/or exometa n on of organisms
tics organic bolites detritus of the
substances previous
trophic
level
Cyanobacteria and + + + + + – + –
microalgae
Invertebrates + + + + – + + +
After preparing this paper for publication, a number of other articles and some books were published, which
supported the main conclusions of this paper. Among those more recent publications were the following:
Ostroumov S. A. Biological Effects of Surfactants. CRC Press. Taylor & Francis. Boca Raton, London, New
York. 2006. 279 p. ISBN 0-8493-2526-9 [new facts and concepts on assessment of hazards from
chemicals, new look on the factors important to water quality, to sustainability; new priorities in
environmental safety];
Ostroumov S. A. On the biotic self-purification of aquatic ecosystems: elements of the theory. - Doklady
Biological Sciences, 2004, Vol. 396, Numbers 1-6, p. 206-211.
https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?key=60f338228d6f3c5114d223ab81e15d3b;
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/348_Useful_theory_of_natural_mechanism
s_of_improving_water_quality
Ostroumov S. A. Suspension-feeders as factors influencing water quality in aquatic ecosystems. - In: The
Comparative Roles of Suspension-Feeders in Ecosystems, R.F. Dame, S. Olenin (Eds), Springer,
Dordrecht, 2004. p. 147-164.
Ostroumov S. A. Some aspects of water filtering activity of filter-feeders // Hydrobiologia, 2005. Vol. 542,
No. 1. P. 275 – 286. http://scipeople.com/uploads/materials/4389/5Hydr542p275water.filt.doc
Ostroumov S. A. On some issues of maintaining water quality and self-purification. - Water Resources.
2005,Volume 32, Number 3, p. 305-313.
Ostroumov S. A. On the multifunctional role of the biota in the self-purification of aquatic ecosystems //
Russian Journal of Ecology, Vol. 36, No. 6, 2005, p. 414–420.
Ostroumov S. A. Biomachinery for maintaining water quality and natural water self-purification in marine
and estuarine systems: elements of a qualitative theory // International Journal of Oceans and
Oceanography. 2006. Volume 1, No.1. p.111-118. [ISSN 0973-2667]. Publisher: Research India
Publications, Dehli]. Basic elements are formulated for a qualitative theory of the polyfunctional role of
the biota in maintaining self-purification and water quality in aquatic ecosystems. The elements of the
theory covers the following: (1) sources of energy for the mechanisms of selfpurification; (2) the main
functional blocks of the system of self-purification; (3) the list of the main processes that are involved;
(4) analysis of the degree of participation of the main large taxa; (5) degree of reliability and the main
mechanisms providing the reliability; (6) regulation of the processes; (7) the response of the system
towards the external influences (man-made impacts); (8) the analogy between ecosystems and a
bioreactor; and (9) conclusions relevant to the practice of biodiversity conservation. In support of the
theory, results are given of the author's experiments which demonstrated the ability of some pollutants
(surfactants, detergents, and some others) to inhibit the water filtration activity of marine filter-feeders
(namely, the bivalve mollusks Mytilus galloprovincialis, Mytilus edulis, and Crassostrea gigas).
Ostroumov S. A., Widdows J. Inhibition of mussel suspension feeding by surfactants of three classes. //
Hydrobiologia. 2006. Vol. 556, No. 1. Pages: 381 – 386. 3 Tables. Bibliogr. 37 refs. [For the first time
the negative effects of the three surfactants on the filtration rates by marine mussels were presented in
one paper. The xenobiotics tested represented anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants
(tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, TDTMA, a representative of a class of cationic surfactants;
sodium dodecyl sulphate, SDS, a representative of anionic alkyl sulfates; and Triton X-100, a
representative of non-ionic hydroxyethylated alkyl phenols). Negative effects of SDS, TDTMA, and
Triton X-100 on the filtration activity of marine mussels M. edulis and M. edulis / M. galloprovincialis
were discovered. All three surfactants inhibited the clearance rates. This is the first publication of the
negative effects of a cationic surfactant on Atlantic mussels Mytilus. The significance of the results for
the ecology of marine ecosystems is discussed]. DOI 10.1007/s10750-005-1200-7;
http://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsergei/publications-1/hydrobiologia2006ostwidd;
http://sites.google.com/site/3surfactantsfiltrationmytilus/;
http://scipeople.ru/uploads/materials/4389/_Hydrobiologia2006%20vol%20556%20No.1%20pages381-
386.pdf; http://www.springerlink.com/content/7166067538534421/
Ostroumov S. A. Biotic self-purification of aquatic ecosystems: from the theory to ecotechnologies. -
Ecologica, 2007. vol. 15 (50), p.15-23. (ISSN 0354-3285; Belgrade). Some basic elements of a new
theory for the biological mechanism for water self-purification are presented. Hydrobionts (aquatic
organisms) are actively involved in various processes leading to water purification. Not only
microorganisms (bacteria, cyanobacteria and fungi), but also algae, plants, invertebrates, and many other
groups of organisms are involved, which is discussed and analyzed in the paper. Results of the author's
experiments that study the effects of various pollutants on aquatic organisms (freshwater and marine
bivalves) are given. The theory is an innovative basis for developing ecological technologies to clean
water and to upgrade its quality by using organisms and ecosystems [http://scindeks.nb.rs/article.aspx?
artid=0354-32850750015O].
Ostroumov S. A. Basics of the molecular-ecological mechanism of water quality formation and water self-
purification.- Contemporary Problems of Ecology, 2008, Vol. 1, No. 1, p. 147-152. [MAIK
Nauka/Interperiodica; distributed by Springer Science+Business Media LLC; ISSN 1995-4255 (Print)
1995-4263 (Online); DOI 10.1134/S1995425508010177;
Cadmium sulphate: effects on mussels // Toxicol. Vestnik (in Russ., Toxicologicheskiy Vestnik =
Toxicological Review, Moscow, ISSN 0869-7922). 2004. No.6. P. 36-37.
Vorozhun I. M., S. A. Ostroumov. On studying the hazards of pollution of the biosphere: effects of sodium
dodecylsulfate (SDS) on planktonic filter-feeders. - Doklady Biological Sciences, 2009, Vol. 425, p.
133–134.
Solomonova E.A., S.A. Ostroumov. Tolerance of an aquatic macrophyte Potamogeton crispus L. to sodium
dodecyl sulphate. - Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin. 2007. Volume 62, Number 4. p.
176-179.
Lazareva E. V., Ostroumov S. A. Accelerated decrease in surfactant concentration in the water of a
microcosm in the presence of plants: innovations for phytotechnology. - Doklady Biological Sciences,
2009, Vol. 425, pp. 180–182.
Ostroumov S.A., Shestakova T.V. Decreasing the measurable concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in the
water of the experimental systems containing Ceratophyllum demersum: The phytoremediation
potential // Doklady Biological Sciences 2009, Vol. 428, No. 1, p. 444-447.
http://sites.google.com/site/9dbs444/; https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?
key=8fd8998627b86102db72c9b237c25054;
Biotic Mechanism of Self-purification of Freshwater and Marine Water. (Ecological Studies, Hazards,
Solutions, vol. 9) Мoscow: МAX Press. 2004. IV. 96 p., Abstract in English. Section in English: p.53-58;
ISBN 5-317-01120-5. [Diploma of the Academy of Aquatic Sciences, awarded in 2006; another Diploma
to the book was awarded at the 7th International Conference ‘Aquatic Ecosystems, Organisms,
Innovations’ (2005)].
Pollution, Self-purification and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems. Мoscow: МAX Press. 2005. 100 p., tab.
ISBN 5-317-01213-9. (Diploma of the Academy of Aquatic Sciences, awarded in 2006).
Ostroumov S. A. Basics of the molecular-ecological mechanism of water quality formation and water self-
purification. - Contemporary Problems of Ecology, 2008 (Feb), Vol. 1, No. 1, p. 147-152. [ISSN 1995-
4255(Print) 1995-4263 (Online); DOI 10.1134/S1995425508010177;
https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?key=e533be77c87735c6dcc5cfdb9db96cec;
http://scipeople.com/uploads/materials/4389/CPEC2008BasicsMolEcol.Mech.WaterQuali(0147.pdf;
Aquatic organisms in water self-purification and biogenic migration of elements. Moscow. MAX Press. 2008.
200 p. ISBN 978-5-317-02625-7.
Ostroumov S.A. Towards the general theory of ecosystem-depended control of water quality. - Ecologica,
2009, vol. 16, No. 54, p. 25-32. (Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow,
119991 Russia). Abstract: A new set of ecological generalizations formulated in this paper represent, in a
systematized form, the basic elements of the qualitative theory of biotic control of water quality and
water self-purification in freshwater and marine ecosystems. The theory contributes to a better
understanding of the issues of stability and regulation in the biosphere. The theory is supported by the
results of the author’s experimental studies of the effects exerted by surfactants, detergents and other
pollutants on aquatic organisms.http://sites.google.com/site/9enecologica16p25theory/
Some of the publications above [1-42] and the results in them won some awards and Diplomas,
including:
Diploma at the 1st International Forum on Conservancy of Nature (Moscow, 7-9th September 2005), signed
by Co-Chairs of the Forum, Deputy Minister of Natural Resources of Russian Federation and Vice-President
of the Trade Chamber of Russian Federation).
Diploma of the competition 'Sustainable use of natural resources and environmental protection – stratery of
sustainable development of Russia in the 21st century' at the international conference 'Sustainable
Development: Nature-Society-Man' (organized in 2006, Moscow, by the Ministry of Natural Resources) for
the paper by Ostroumov S.A. and Solomonova E.A. "On studies of water self-purification and interactions
between pollutants (surfactants) and biota: searching approaches to issues relevant to sustainable use of water
resources " (Directive of the Ministry of Natural Resources No.126 of 2 June 2006; the Diploma was signed
by the Minister).
Diploma to the book 'Biotic Mechanism of Self-purification of Freshwater and Marine Water' by Dr. S. A.
Ostroumov, awarded at the 7th International Conference ‘Aquatic Ecosystems, Organisms, Innovations’
(2005). Diploma of the Academy of Aquatic Sciences for the series of innovative publications on aquatic
ecology, interactions between chemicals and organisms, and water self-purification, including the books
'Biological Effects of Surfactants in Connection with the Anthropogenic Impact on the Biosphere'; 'Biological
Effects of Surfactants on Organisms'; 'Biotic Mechanism of Self-Purification of Freshwater and Marine
Water'; 'Pollution, Self-Purification and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems'; 'Biological Effects of
Surfactants', (awarded in 2006).
Diploma of the Academy of Aquatic Sciences 'for his innovative contribution to improvement of
environmental and ecological education', including the book 'Ecology and Hydrobiology. Curricula of
Lecture Courses' (awarded in 2006).
Petrosyan V.S. Review of the book: Biological Effects of Surfactants. CRC Press. Taylor & Francis. -
Ecological Studies, Hazards, Solutions, 2007. vol. 12, p. 117-119 (in English).
Review of the book: Ostroumov S.A. Biological Effects of Surfactants. CRC Press. Taylor & Francis. Boca
Raton, London, New York. 2006. 279 p. – Bulletin Samarskaya Luka. - 2007. - V. 16, № 4(22). - P. 864-867.
Bibliogr. 10 refs. http://www.ssc.smr.ru/media/journals/samluka/2007/16_4_22.pdf
Review of the book: Biological Effects of Surfactants. CRC Press. Taylor & Francis. Boca Raton, London,
New York. 2006. 279 p. // Problems of Biogeochemistry and Geochemical Ecology. 2007. № 2 (4). p.108.
Review of the book: S.A.Ostroumov. Biological Effects of Surfactants (2006). - Ecologica, 2008. v.15, No.
51, p. 71-72. (ISSN 0354-3285; in English).
Ermakov V.V. Review of the book: Ostroumov S.A. Biological Effects of Surfactants. CRC Press. Taylor &
Francis. Boca Raton, London, New York. 2006. 279 p. – Toxicological Review [Toksikologicheskij Vestnik],
2009, No. 2, p. 40.
Materials Online Free: (Ecology, Environment, Life Sciences, Aquatic Sciences): useful relevant
publications and comments; list of web addresses:
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/7209_Ecology_Environmentmaterialsonlinefree;
Relevant Materials at the portal Scribd - online free:
------------Abstract. The author gave innovative analysis of the vital role of filter-feeders in functioning and
maintenance of stability of aquatic ecosystems (both freshwater and marine ones). The paper includes the
following tables. Table 1. Examples of the impact of filter-feeders on the water column: clearance time. Table
2. Examples of diversity of taxons of benthic organisms involved in removing seston from water, and
filtration rates. Table 3. Effect of the increase in concentration of algae on the filtration rate and the amount
consumed by rotifers Brachionus calyciflorus. Table 4. The ratio F:P in some groups of organisms (examples
of "ecological taxation"). Table 5. The ratio F: (P+R) in some filter feeders. Table 6. Results of the ecological
tax: biosediment formation in 6 ecosystems. Table 7. Contribution of various aquatic organisms to oxidation
of organic matter in the ecosystem of the Sea of Okhotsk. Table 8. Some chemicals that inhibit the filtering
activity of the filter-feeders (new data of the author). Table 9. Some features of water-filtering biomachinery:
6 fundamental principles. Table 10. The level-block approach to the analysis of ecological hazards of
anthropogenic effects on the biota (the new conceptualization proposed by the author). Some fundamental
principles that characterize the pivotal roles of the biodiversity of filter-feeders in ecosystems. Among those
roles are: (1) the role of ecological repair of water quality, (2) the role of contributing to reliability and
stability of the functioning of the ecosystem, (3) the role of contributing to creation of habitat heterogeneity,
(4) the role of contributing to acceleration of migration of chemical elements. It is an important feature of the
biomachinery of filter-feeders that it removes from water various particles of a very broad range of sizes.
Another important principle is that the amount of the organic matter filtered out of water is larger than the
amount assimilated so that a significant part of the removed material serves no useful function to the
organism of the filter-feeder, but serves a beneficial function to some other species and to the ecosystem as a
whole. The new experiments by the author additionally demonstrated a vulnerability of the filtration activity
of filter feeders (e.g. bivalves and rotifers) to some xenobiotics (tetradecyltrymethylammonium bromide,
heavy metals and some others). The inhibition of the filtration activity of filter-feeders may lead to the
situation previously described as that of an ecological … of the second type.
----------------------------------------------- System.of.Principles.fulltext;
About the book entitled 'Biological Effects of Surfactants [and Detergents: Ecotoxicology]' in English,
German, French, Spanish, Chinese, and Japanese languages:
----------------------------------------
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6772_EnvironmentinDutch; Ecology,
Environment: Materials in Dutch (translated by the computer).
Wat papieren en materialen (ecologie, milieu) die online beschikbaar zijn vrije: Sleutelwoorden voor de reeks
van materialen die werden mentioed boven: ecologie, ecotoxicologie, assimilatievermogen, duurzaamheid,
water, kwaliteit, filtering, filter-feeders, self-zuivering, filtratie, vervuiling, detergenten, controle, bioassay,
milieu, gevaren, aquatische ecosystemen, limnologie, oceanografie, zoölogie, ichtyologie, plantkunde ,
microbiologie, milieu-wetenschap, les innovaties et les priorités en matière d'Ecologie, l'environnement, les
Ecosystèmes, les effets d'origine humaine, qualite de l'eau, lutte contre la vervuiling, les essais biologiques,
l'evaluation des gevaren des stoffen chimiques, notamment les detergenten, tensioactifs, la securite
environnementale, la durabilité, diensten ligt aux Ecosystèmes, la biosfeer, technologieën écologiques, la
fytoremediatie, les liens entre l'Ecologie et la biogéochimie, SAOstroumov, Innovationen, Prioritäten,
Bereichen , Umwelt, Menschen, verursachte, Effekte, Wasserqualität, Kontrolle, Umweltverschmutzung,
Tierversuche, Bewertung, Gefahren, Chemikalien, insbesondere Wasch-, Tenside, Umweltsicherheit,
Nachhaltigkeit, Ökosystem, Diensten, Biosphäre, ökologische, Technologien, Fytoremediatie, Verbindungen,
Ökologie, biogeochemistry , effecten, oppervlakte-actieve stof, water, macrofyten, Potamogeton, Crispus,
concentraties, fragmentatie, planten, negatieve, vervuiling, detergenten, fytoremediatie, chemisch-biotische
interacties, waterkwaliteit, natriumdodecylsulfaat, SDS, phytotechnology, oppervlakteactieve stoffen,
detergenten, tweekleppigen, Mytilus , edulis, galloprovincialis, Crassostrea, gigas, planten, zaailingen,
Fagopyrum, esulentum, Oryza, sativa, детергенты, моющие средства, поверхностно-активные вещества,
ПАВ, методы, организмы, assimilatievermogen, duurzaamheid, water, kwaliteit, filtering, filter- feeders,
zelf-zuivering, filtratie, vervuiling, detergenten, controle, bioassay, milieu, gevaren, aquatische ecosystemen,
Sinapis, alba, Lepidium, sativum, anderen, ongewervelde dieren, weekdieren, Mytilus, Crassostrea, Unio,
ringwormen Hirudo medicinalis, self- zuivering, waterkwaliteit, waterlichamen, reservoirs, beken,
verontreinigingen, verontreinigingen, ecotoxicologie, zoet water, zee, milieu-veiligheid, milieu beveiliging,
bronnen van water, xenobiotica, polyfunctionele rol van biota, water, functioneren van het ecosysteem, de
hydrosfeer, de gemeenschap, duurzaam gebruik , middelen, milieubeheer, menselijke invloed, de
mogelijkheden voor waterzuivering, ecosysteem diensten, biologische theorie, de toepassing,
betrouwbaarheid, externe invloeden; antropogene, man-en-klare effecten, milieu-praktijken, nieuwe
experimentele resultaten, cadmium, weekdieren, eutrofiëring, nieuw concept, twee-niveau synergie, milieu
chemoregulators, milieu chemomediators, gevaren, schade aan flora en fauna, economische evaluatie, schade
door de antropogene impact, bescherming van het water-regime, speciaal beschermde gebieden, micro-
organismen, aquatische, planten, ongewervelde dieren, een analoog van de bioreactor met de functie het
zuiveren van water, nutriënten, controle van fytoplankton, consumenten, trofisch niveau, intraspecifieke
interacties van organismen, feromonen, regelgevers, interspecifieke interacties, VI Vernadsky, biosfeer,
materie, regelgeving, geochemische processen, overdracht van de materie, biogene migratie, weefselresten,
toxiciteit; gebied; enquêtes; sediment kwaliteit; ecologische risicobeoordeling; hormoonontregelaars; nano
deeltjes; POPS, PCB's; PAHS, farmaceutische producten; persoonlijke verzorging producten; traceren;
metalen, pesticiden, biomarkers, het mariene coatings; biociden; ballast, water, behandeling, olie, morsingen;
afvalwater; ziekten; afwijkingen; verontreinigende public Category:
Nøgleord for den række af materialer, der var mentioed ovenfor: økologi, økotoksikologi, assimilativ
kapacitet, bæredygtighed, vand, kvalitet, filtrering, filter-feeder, selv-rensning, filtrering, forurening,
rengøringsmidler, kontrol, bioassay, miljømæssige, farer, akvatiske, økosystemer, Limnology, oceanografi,
zoologi, ichthyology, botanik , mikrobiologi, miljøvidenskab, les fornyelser et les priorités en matière
d'écologie, l'environnement, les écosystèmes, les effets d'origine humaine, qualité de l'eau, Lutte contre la
forurening, les essais biologiques, l'évaluation des farer des stoffer chimiques, notamment les vaskemidler,
tensioactifs, la sécurité environnementale, la durabilité, tjenester ligger aux écosystèmes, la biosfæren,
teknologier écologiques, la fytoremediering, les liens entre l'écologie et la biogéochimie, SAOstroumov,
Innovationen, Prioritäten, Bereichen , Umwelt, Menschen, verursachte, Effekte, Wasserqualität, Kontrolle,
Umweltverschmutzung, Tierversuche, Bewertung, Gefahren, Chemikalien, insbesondere Wasch-, tensid,
Umweltsicherheit, Nachhaltigkeit, Ökosystem, Services, Biosphäre, Ökologische, Technologien,
fytoremediering, Verbindungen, Ökologie, Biogeochemie , effekter, et tensid, der lever i vand, makrofyter,
Potamogeton, crispus, fusioner, fragmentering, planter, negativ, forurening, rengøringsmidler,
fytoremediering, kemisk-biotiske interaktioner, vandkvalitet, natrium dodecyl sulfat, SDS, phytotechnology,
overfladeaktive stoffer, detergenter, muslinger, Mytilus , edulis, galloprovincialis, Crassostrea, gigas, plante,
planter, Fagopyrum, esulentum, Oryza, sativa, детергенты, моющие средства, поверхностно-активные
вещества, ПАВ, методы, организмы, assimilativ kapacitet, bæredygtighed, vand, kvalitet, filtrering, filter-
foderautomater, self-rensning, filtrering, forurening, rengøringsmidler, kontrol, bioassay, miljømæssige, farer,
akvatiske, økosystemer, Sinapis, alba, Lepidium, sativum, andre hvirvelløse dyr, bløddyr, Mytilus,
Crassostrea, Unio, annelids Hirudo medicinalis, selv- rensning, vandkvalitet, vandområder, reservoirer,
vandløb, forurenende stoffer, forurening, økotoksikologi, ferskvand, marine, miljøsikkerhed, miljømæssige
sikkerhed, vandkilder, miljøfremmede stoffer, Polyfunktionelle rolle biota, vand, hvorpå økosystemerne
fungerer, hydrosfæren, samfund, bæredygtig udnyttelse , ressourcer, miljøforvaltning, menneskelig
påvirkning, potentiale for vandrensning, økosystemets ydelser, biologiske teori, anvendelse, pålidelighed,
ydre påvirkninger, menneskeskabte, syntetiske effekter, miljømæssige praksis, nye eksperimentelle resultater,
cadmium, bløddyr, eutrofiering, nyt koncept, to niveauer synergier, miljømæssige chemoregulators, miljø
chemomediators, farer, skader på flora og fauna, økonomisk evaluering, skade ved de menneskeskabte
virkninger, vandbeskyttelse ordning, særlige beskyttede områder, mikroorganismer, vand, planter, hvirvelløse
dyr, en analog af bioreaktor med funktionen til at rense vand, næringsstoffer, kontrol af planteplankton,
forbrugere, trofisk niveau, intraspecifikke samspillet mellem organismer, feromoner, lovgivere,
interspecifikke interaktioner, VI Vernadsky, biosfæren, materie, regulering, geokemiske processer, overførsel
af stof, biogene migration, væv restprodukter toksicitet; område; undersøgelser sediment kvalitet, økologisk
risikovurdering hormonforstyrrende stoffer, nano partikler, POPS, PCB PAH'er; lægemidler; personlig pleje
produkter, spore, metaller, pesticider, biomarkører, marine-lakker biocider ballast, vand, behandling, olie,
pletter, spildevand, sygdomme, misdannelser, forurenende stoffer, forureninger, miljøfremmede stoffer,
økotoksi;
---------------------------------------------Swedish:
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6796_Ecology_Environment_inSwedish;
----------------------------------------------------Full text see online free: http://www.scribd.com/doc/45894414;
Några papper och material (ekologi, miljö) som finns tillgängliga online gratis [se: http://www.scribd.com/
eller http://www.scribd.com]:
public Category: None Reads: 22 Published: 12 / 22 / 2010 Share Add to Collections 12 p. Edit
List.posts.blog.InFrench.dec19.2010[1] List of the posts, the blog of Dr. Sergei A. Ostroumov at
ResearchGAte; Translation into French:
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6238_listofBlogsEcology;
http://www.portalus.ru/modules/biology/rus_readme.php?
subaction=showfull&id=1292797433&archive=&start_from=&ucat=&;
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FoBgbxVWAfNu1a_3xWGEkURghogdtQg9axBDd5GYhKY/edit?
hl=en#; •
---------------------------------------------------- 0DBS.Au.C.demersum.E.(DKBL124
S. A. Ostroumov and G. M. Kolesov. The Aquatic Macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum Immobilizes Au
Nanoparticles after Their Addition to Water. - Doklady Biological Sciences, 2010, Vol. 431, pp. 124–127. ©
Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2010. ISSN 00124966;
------------------------------------Full text see online free: : http://www.scribd.com/doc/45579375; Original
Russian Text © S.A. Ostroumov, G.M. Kolesov, 2010, published in Doklady Akademii Nauk, 2010, Vol.
431, No. 4, pp. 566–569. DOI: 10.1134/S0012496610020158; Presented by Academician M.A. Fedonkin
July 31, 2009; ABSTRACT: Study of biogenic migration of the chemical elements is an important line of the
biosphere research [1–8]. Biogenic migration of the elements in aquatic ecosystems, both freshwater and
saltwater ones, is important for water self purification and water quality formation [9–11]. Data on element
accumulation and binding by aquatic organisms, including macrophytes, are necessary for analyzing the
organisms’ important role in biogenic migration of the elements in aquatic ecosystems. The concentrations of
some elements were deter mined earlier in different biogenic samples, including aquatic organisms
(hydrobionts) and biogenic detrital substances [9, 10]. However, these data were based on a limited set of
organisms and elements. There are no published data on either gold (Au) content in Ceratophyllum demer
sum L. or interaction between Au nanoparticles and aquatic macrophytes. The goal of this work was to study
the immobilization of Au nanoparticles added to the water medium of microcosms in the presence of
macrophyte C. demersum L. This study was the first to determine the concentration of Au and some other
elements in C. demersum phytomass after incubation in microcosms containing Au nanosize particles
(NSPs). Results of the experiments: (1) the first data have been obtained that demonstrate that a significant
amount of Au NSPs may bind to live phytomass of an aquatic plant, C. demersum. As a result of binding
and/or immobilization, the content of Au was greater then the background level by a factor of 430.3; (2)
modification of NSPs with a protein (immunoglobulin) had no effect on the NSP immobilization by
macrophytes. The results contribute to understanding the role of these organisms in biogenic migration of
elements. These data give us the possibility to estimate the participation of phytomass of the studied
macrophyte species in element concentration (as exemplified by Au) in an aquatic system. REFERENCES: 1.
Vernadsky, V.I., Khimicheskoe stroenie biosfery Zemli i ee okruzheniya (The Chemical Structure of the
Earth Bio sphere and Its Surrondings), Moscow: Nauka, 1965. 2. Dobrovol’skii, G.V., Ekol. Khimiya, 2007,
vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 135–143. 3. Dobrovol’skii, G.V., Voda Tekhnol. Ekol., 2007, no. 1, pp. 63–68. 4.
Perel’man, A.I. and Kasimov, N.S., Geokhimiya land shafta (Geochemistry of Landscape), Moscow: Astreya,
2000. 5. Ivanter, E.V. and Medvedev, N.V., Ekologicheskaya tok sikologiya prirodnykh populyatsii
(Ecological Toxicol ogy of natural Populations), Moscow: Nauka, 2007. 6. Ermakov, V.V. and Tyutikov,
S.F., Geokhimicheskaya ekologiya zhivotnykh (Geochemical Ecology of Ani mals), Moscow: Nauka, 2008.
7. Korzh, V.D., Geokhimiya elementnogo sostava gidrosfery (Geochemistry of the Element Composition of
the Hydrosphere), Moscow: Nauka, 1991. 8. Donchenko, V.K., Ivanova, V.V., and Pitul’ko, V.M., Ekologo
khimicheskie osobennosti pribrezhnykh akva torii (Ecological and Chemical Characteristics of Lit toral
Areas), St. Petersburg: NITsEB Ross. Akad. Nauk, 2008, vol. 544. 9. Ostroumov, S.A., Hydrobiologia, 2005,
vol. 542, pp. 275–286. 10. Ostroumov, S.A., Hydrobiologia, 2002, vol. 469, pp. 203–204. 11. Ostroumov,
S.A., Kolesov, G.M., and Sapozhnikov, D.Yu., Problemy ekologii i gidrobiologii (Problems of Ecology and
Hydrobiology), Moscow: MAKS, 2008. 12.
(Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Vorob’evy gory, Moscow, 119991 Russia) Abstract: The
study of water self-purification processes (Skurlatov, 1988; Ostroumov, 2000a) is essential for approaching
fundamental ecological problems (Alimov, 2000; Ostroumov et al., 2003) and for resolving some applied
issues related to the sustainable use of aquatic and biological resources. The purpose of this paper is to give a
systematic account of the concepts concerning the multiple functions of the biota in the self-purification of
water bodies and watercourses, without attempting to review the numerous publications in this field. In this
paper, a paradigm shift was made and some new principles of the theory of the ecological mechanism of
water self-purification based on multiple functions of the biota in freshwater and marine ecosystems were
formulated. In developing this theory, the results of the author’s experiments with aquatic organisms (filter-
feeders) have been used. As a result, the author discovered that the natural ecological mechanism which
maintains water quality (water self-purification mechanism) is vulnerable to the impact of some pollutants as
exemplified by synthetic detergents and surfactants. Conclusions drawn on the basis of the theory have
practical significance for biodiversity conservation and for the sustainable use of the biological resources of
aquatic ecosystems. 1067-4136/05/3606-0414 © 2005 Pleiades Publishing, Inc. Russian Journal of Ecology,
Vol. 36, No. 6, 2005, pp. 414–420. DOI: 10.1007/s11184-005-0095-x; Translated from Ekologiya, No. 6,
2005, pp. 452–459. Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Ostroumov. The English edition of the paper
is available on SprigerLink: www.springerlink.com/index/Y6370W774LK7G786.pdf; Key words : aquatic,
ecosystems, water quality, water, self-purification, pollution, paradigm shift, surfactants, detergents,
sustainability, environment, filter-feeders, invertebrates, bivalves, freshwater, marine, resources, bioassay,
hazards,
TOPICS: Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Earth Sciences, GeoSciences, Chemical Science,
Agricultural Science, Biotechnology, Education, Other. ORGANIZERS: International organizing committee,
including scientists and representatives of U.S. universities (U.S.A.), Moscow State University (Russian
Federation), scientific institutions of Germany, EcoEthics International Union (EEIU), and other national and
international scientific organizations; the permanent organizing committee started in 1999, organized over 10
previous conferences of this series. Distant participation is possible. In case of distant participation, there is
no need to attend in person, which saves your time and money. You can send your poster by paper mail. The
organizing committee will show your poster on your behalf. At the previous conferences, many distant
participants from countries as different as (in alphabetic order) Australia, Canada, China, Egypt, Germany,
India, Iran, Israel, Moldova, New Zealand, Poland, Spain, Tunisia, U.K., Ukraine, U.S.A., and many others
did so. All participants will receive the certificates of participation in the session, on request. The abstracts
will be published in the volume: Ecological Studies, Hazards, Solutions, Vol. 17, with international editorial
and advisory boards that include scholars from 32 countries. This edition is indexed by international Ulrich's
database for serial reviewed editions. DEADLINES: Deadline (registration, sending abstract) is January 15,
2011. We will accept your abstract after the deadline with additional fee of $10 for late registration. We
welcome a preliminary letter of intention from you ASAP, without any commitment from your side. Abstract
format: up to 2/3 of page A4, or less. It is possible to include 1-4 references to your publications, and to
mention some grant support, if any. Poster submission deadline (if sent by paper mail): the posters must be
sent prior to January 15, 2011. FEES in U.S. dollars: $49 (both for attendees and non-attendees) and $29 for
students (both attendees and non-attendees). The address for sending your fees (PLEASE send to Dr. D.Page
an email mssg BEFORE you send your payment): David S. Page, Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA; Email: dpage@bowdoin.edu;
http://academic.bowdoin.edu/faculty/D/dpage/; http://www.dspage.com; COVERAGE OF THE
CONFERENCE BY MASS MEDIA: The conference is regularly covered by several editions, including
journals and newspapers. Some examples are given in a separate file, see at:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/701_How_the_series_of_conferences_Ecosyste
ms_Organisms_Innovations_was_covered_by_mass_media; CONTACT INFORMATION: Dr. S.
Ostroumov, ar55@yandex.ru; Prof. Baoshan Xing, bx@pssci.umass.edu; Department of Plant, Soil & Insect
Sciences, Stockbridge Hall, University of Massachusetts; Amherst, MA 01003-0910, U.S.A.;
http://www.researchgate.net/event/International_Poster_Session_Ecosystems_Organisms_Innovations-
14_Amherst_MA_USA/;
new progress, new achievements, новое, новости, новыерезультаты, новыеконцепции, hot topics, news,
related news, new, new knowledge, paradigm shift, innovative, analysis, new vision, S.Ostroumov, Some of
key blogs and blog posts: http://www.scribd.com/doc/46810563; Translated to Japanese: Original paper in
English: Ostroumov S.A. Some aspects of water filtering activity of filter-feeders.- Hydrobiologia, 2005, 542:
275-286. Full English text: http://www.scribd.com/doc/44105992; List of the papers authored and coauthored
by Dr. S. A. Ostroumov, indexed at PubMed. Updated January 12, 2011; the list is here:
http://www.scribd.com/doc/46656117;
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/5190_Elements_of_CV; CURRICULUM
VITAE of Dr. S. A. Ostroumov; http://www.scribd.com/doc/46471534; Dr. S. A. Ostroumov. Addendum to
CV. Evidence of Merit. Updated 2011, January 7; Comments in published editions, reviews; other forms of
evaluation of publications and works ; Key words: Evidence, merit, achievements, standing, result,
accomplishments, results, published, reviews, comments, evaluations, S.A. Ostroumov, Dr. S.A. Ostroumov,
Addendum to CV, curriculum vitae; diploma, certificate, Editorship. Dr. S.A. Ostroumov, Updated: 2011,
January 5, http://www.scribd.com/doc/46319889; http://www.scribd.com/doc/46675352; Turkish
translation: About the book ‘Biological Effects of Surfactants’ http://www.scribd.com/doc/46674344;
Translation to Chinese; on the book ‘Biological Effects of Surfactants’ [and detergents]
http://www.scribd.com/doc/46673285; About the book: Biological Effects of Surfactants. Dr. S.A.
Ostroumov. Japanese translation; Translated from English into German.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/46334046; Übersetzung aus dem Englischen. Häufig gestellte Fragen, Teil 2: Auf
das Buch mit dem Titel "Biologische Wirkungen von Tensiden [und Waschmittel]” (in original English
edition: ‘Biological Effects of Surfactants’), Translated from English to Finnish;
http://www.scribd.com/doc/46328345; FAQ part 2, on the book ‘Biological Effects of Surfactants’; Käännös
Englanti. Usein kysyttyjä kysymyksiä, osa 2: Kirjaan nimeltä "Biologiset vaikutukset pinta [ja pesuaineet]",
Translated from English to Norwegian; http://www.scribd.com/doc/46327946; FAQ part 2, on the book
entitled ‘Biological Effects of Surfactants’ (CRC Press, U.S.A.); Translation from English to Swedish;
http://www.scribd.com/doc/46327495; FAQ part 2: on the book: Biological Effects of Surfactants, CRC
Press. Översättning från engelska till svenska. Vanliga frågor, del 2: http://www.scribd.com/doc/46327082;
Translated from English to Japanese: FAQ part 2. On the book ‘Biological Effects of Surfactants [and
Detergents], CRC Press, U.S.A. By Dr. S.A. Ostroumov. Editorship. Dr. S.A. Ostroumov, Updated: 2011,
January 5, http://www.scribd.com/doc/46319889; http://www.scribd.com/doc/46313965; Сергей (sergei)
Андреевич Остроумов (ostroumov); Научные материалы персональной страницы на сайте сети для
ученых: SciPeople.ru; SciPeople.com; http://scipeople.ru/users/2943391/; обновлено 2 января 2011 г.
Цитирование работ и публикаций д.б.н. С.А.Остроумова в учебных программах (поиск в Гугл:
Остроумов С.А. программа); выступления и цитирование в масс-медиа. Просмотр 2.1.2011;
Publications that cited Dr. S.A.Ostroumov (in Russian, some examples dealing with educational courses and
mass-media) Viewed January 2, 2011; http://www.scribd.com/doc/46218163 Ecological Studies, Hazards,
Solutions, Vol 15, first pages (including Editorial Board, Abstracts in Eng and Rus);
http://www.scribd.com/doc/45765015/FirstPages1-2-3-4-vol-15-2010-conf-11of2009-1; Ecological Studies,
Hazards, Solutions, Text; Vol 15: http://www.scribd.com/doc/45765589/Text-vol-15-2010; 2010; Text of
Volume 16: http://www.scribd.com/doc/44530305/Proceedings-conference2010; In Hebrew:
http://www.scribd.com/doc/46166219; English to Hebrew translation see below; English title of the book:
Biological Effects of Surfactants. CRC Press. About the book, in Hebrew; English title of the book:
Biological Effects of Surfactants. CRC Press.
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/7050_Arabic_on_Detergents;
http://www.scribd.com/doc/45909268 ؛in Arabic: http://www.scribd.com/doc/46163174; Ostroumov S.A.
Overview of new data on the effects of surfactants and detergents on prokaryotes, algae, flagellates, vascular
plants and animals.–In: Biological Effects of Surfactants and the biosphere / S.A.Ostroumov. Moscow. MAX
Press, 2000, p. 84-113. http://scipeople.com/publication/99279/; http://www.scribd.com/doc/46159990;
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/7049_Overvieweffectssurfactantsdetergents;
THIS IS THE LIST OF RECENT POSTS FROM THE PERSONAL BLOG AT THE PROFILE OF THE
AUTHOR AT THE PORTAL RESEARCHGATE (A NETWORK FOR SCIENTISTS), on January 2, 2011:
Opinion on and rating of Dr. S.A.Ostroumov’s works: comments of experts, citation in scientific literature
worldwide. Updated January 2, 2011.
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/7034_Comments_Evaluation_January2_2011;
http://ww...(Read more) Ecology, materials on site, scipeople С.А. Остроумов (S.A. Ostroumov);
Экология, Биология, Охрана окружающей среды, Биосфера; http://www.scribd.com/doc/46153615;
список материалов на сайте: http://scipeople.ru/users/2943391/ (на сайте даны ссылки на доступные
онлайн полные тексты и под...(Read more) German.French.Japanese Ecology, Environment. List of
publications by Dr. S.A.Ostroumov, translations into several languages.
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6965_GermanFrenchJapanese; ** English to
French translation: http://www.scribd.com/doc/460...(Read more) Wissenschaftliche.Publikationen English
to German translation. 29 Dec 2010: the German translation of the list of publications see:
http://www.scribd.com/doc/46039376 Dies ist ein Computer-Übersetzung vom Englischen ins Deutsche. The
original list of references in English see a...(Read more) Экосистемы, организмы, инновации-12
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/3334_ProceedingsConferenceEcosystemsOrgani
smsInnovations-12; Выпуск, который включает в себя материалы 12-я международной сессии
стендовых сообщений (конференции) "Экосистемы, организмы, ин...(Readmore) in 9 Languages. On
the paper in Hydrobiology 2006 Inhibition of [water filtration and] mussel suspension feeding by surfactants
of three classes. http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6917_9LanguagesHydrobiol6;
Full text of this paper online free: http://www.scribd.com/doc/459581...
( Ecotoxicology.Detergents.6.languages About the book entitled 'Biological Effects of Surfactants [and
Detergents: Ecotoxicology]':
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6878_EcotoxicologyDetergents6languages;
Table of contents and some comments in English, German, Fr...(Read more) At scribd, some full texts
available online free: http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6882_scribd_fulltexts; The
full texts of the following papers were made available online free, (on Dec 26, 2010, at the web-site: scribd)
Ostroumov S.A. Identification of a new type of ecolog...(Read more) Ecology Environment; in.Swedish
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6796_Ecology_Environment_inSwedish; Några
papper och material (ekologi, miljö) som finns tillgängliga online gratis [se: http://www.scribd.com/ eller
http://www.scribd.com]: Text i vol...(Read more) I like this! You like this commentView details Ecología,
Medio Ambiente.Spanish. Sergei Ostroumov–Dec 22, 2010–0 comments–8 views Ecología, Medio
Ambiente: to whose who speak Spanish.
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6767_Ecologia_Medio_AmbienteSpanish;
Algunos documentos y materiales (Ecología, Medio Ambiente) que están disponibles en línea gratuitos [...
(Read more) I like this! You like this commentView details Ecology Environment; in Danish Sergei
Ostroumov–Dec 21, 2010–0 comments–5 views
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6771_Ecology_Environment_in_Danish; List of
materials (Ecology, Environment); in Danish. Nogle papirer og materialer (økologi, miljø), der er
tilgængelige online gratis http://www.scribd.com/d...(Read more) Edit post Delete postView details
Ecology.Environment.online.free Sergei Ostroumov–Dec 21, 2010–0 comments–32 views Some papers
and materials (Ecology, Environment) that are available online free:
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6766_EcologyEnvironmentonlinefree; [see:
http://www.scribd.com/ or http://www.scribd.com] : J. Pandey,...(Read more) Edit post Delete postView
details Environment.Ecology.Materials.in.Korean Sergei Ostroumov–Dec 21, 2010–0 comments–6 views
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6776_EnvironmentEcologyMaterialsinKorean;
어떤서류와자료 (생태, 환경) 온라인무료 [참조 : http://www.scribd.com/ 또는 http://www.scribd.com] 사
용할수있습니다 : 볼륨의텍스트 : Ostroumov sa 를 Kotelevtsev SV, Toderas...(Read more) Edit post
Delete postView details Environment.in.Dutch Sergei Ostroumov–Dec 21, 2010–0 comments–6 views
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6772_EnvironmentinDutch; Materials in Dutch
(translated by the computer). Wat papieren en materialen (ecologie, milieu) die online beschikbaar zijn vrije
[zie: http://www.scribd.com/ of http:/...(Read more) Edit post Delete postView details Materials.in.Chinese
Sergei Ostroumov–Dec 21, 2010–0 comments–7 views
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6774_MaterialsinChinese; Ecology,
Environment, Water: http://www.scribd.com/doc/45897645; 一些文件和材料(生态环境),可在线免费
[见:http://www.scribd.com/或 http: //www.scribd.com]:卷的文字:Ostroumov 萨,Kotelev...(Read
more) Edit post Delete postView details Materials in Dutch Sergei Ostroumov–Dec 21, 2010–0 comments–
3 views Materials in Dutch (translated by the computer). Wat papieren en materialen (ecologie, milieu) die
online beschikbaar zijn vrije [zie: http://www.scribd.com/ of http://www.scribd.com]: Tekst van het volume:
Ostroumov SA, Kotelevtsev SV, Toder...(Read more) Edit post Delete postView details Materials.in.Japanese
Sergei Ostroumov–Dec 21, 2010–0 comments–3 views いくつかの論文や材料(生態環境)無料オンラ
イン[参照してください:http://www.scribd.com/または http: //www.scribd.com]利用可能です:ボ
リュームのテキスト:オストロウーモフ SA は、Kotelevtsev SV は、Toderas IK を、Gorshkova の
OM (編)生態学的研究、災害、ソリューション、2010 年第 15 巻;
http://www.scribd.com/doc/45765589、2 言語、英語とロシア語で材料;キーワード:...(Read more) Edit
post Delete postView details Book. Praha. Conservation Sergei Ostroumov–Dec 18, 2010–1 comments–17
views http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6693_Book_Praha_Conservation; The
book (Jablokov A.V., Ostroumov S.A. 1991. Ochrana živé prírody. Problemy a perspektivy. Academia,
Praha, in Czech language) is included in the sylabus of the...(Read more) Edit post Delete postView details
2005.RJE Sergei Ostroumov–Dec 17, 2010–0 comments–9 views S. A. Ostroumov. On the Multifunctional
Role of the Biota in the Self-Purification of Aquatic Ecosystems. - Russian Journal of Ecology, Vol. 36, No.
6, 2005, pp. 414–420. http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6654_2005RJE; DOI:
10...(Read more) Edit post Delete postView details 2010.DBS.Au Sergei Ostroumov–Dec 17, 2010–0
comments–6 views Gold nanoparticles, nanomaterials: S. A. Ostroumov and G. M. Kolesov. The Aquatic
Macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum Immobilizes Au Nanoparticles after Their Addition to Water. -
Doklady Biological Sciences, 2010, Vol. 431, pp. 124–127. http://www.res...(Read more) Gold nanoparticles,
nanomaterials: S. Ostroumov, G.Kolesov. http://www.scribd.com/doc/45579375; Macrophyte C. demersum
Immobilizes Au Nanoparticles... - Dokl.Biol.Sci., 2010 S. A. Ostroumov, G. M. Kolesov. The Aquatic
Macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersu... French.list Sergei Ostroumov–Dec 17, 2010–0 comments–26
views List of posts, the personal blog of Dr. Sergei Ostroumov, in French:
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6666_Frenchlist;
http://www.portalus.ru/modules/biology/rus_readme.php?
subaction=showfull&id=1292797433&archive=&am...(Read more) Edit post Delete postView details
German.List Sergei Ostroumov–Dec 17, 2010–0 comments–9 views List of posts, the personal blog of
Dr.Sergei Ostroumov, in German:
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6667_GermanList;
http://www.portalus.ru/modules/biology/rus_readme.php?
subaction=showfull&id=1292785289&archive=&...(Read more) Edit post Delete postView details
Tolerance.Macrophytes Sergei Ostroumov–Dec 17, 2010–0 comments–8 views E. A. Solomonova and S.
A. Ostroumov. Tolerance of an Aquatic Macrophyte Potamogeton crispus L.to Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate.
Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin, 2007, Vol. 62, No. 4, p. 176–179.
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Os...(Read more) Edit post Delete postView details 2 innovations
Sergei Ostroumov–Dec 5, 2010–0 comments–16 views TWO INNOVATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL
AND ECOLOGICAL SCIENCES http://www.scribd.com/doc/44767516;
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6295_2_innovations; S.A. Ostroumov, Faculty
of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow; Curre...(Read more) Vladimir Tyurin-Avinsky likes this
comment.Edit post Delete postView details 3 Key Blogs Sergei Ostroumov–Dec 5, 2010–1 comments–18
views http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6293_3_Key_Blogs; ---Welcome to look
at three new blogs, which contain lots of info on many sites with innovative publications and relevant
activities and opportunities - Ecology, Environment,...(Read more) Dr. Shantilal Savalia likes this
comment.Edit post Delete postView details Poster.Session2011, February12 Sergei Ostroumov–Dec 4,
2010–5 comments–421 views Meeting Announcement and Call for Abstracts: 14th International Poster
Session 'Ecosystems, Organisms, Innovations-14':
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6258_PosterSession2011_February12;
http://www.scribd.com/doc/44668962: T...(Read more) Kritika Sudan likes this comment.Edit post Delete
postView details Key.Publications. Sergei Ostroumov–Dec 3, 2010–1 comments–19 views Ecology,
Environment, Water Quality - Key publications:
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6234_KeyPublications ; -----------------authored
by S.A.O.: Tolerance of an Aquatic Macrophyte Potamogeton crispus L.to Sodium Dodecy...(Read more)
*** list.of.Blogs.Ecology.Biology Sergei Ostroumov–Dec 3, 2010–0 comments–38 views
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6238_listofBlogsEcology ; •
http://www.scribd.com/doc/44629443 ; List of blogs at the personal profile, at the portal ResearchGAte. The
topics of the blogs: innovations and priorities...(Read more) *** New.poster.session2011 Sergei
Ostroumov–Dec 1, 2010–0 comments–20 views CALL FOR ABSTRACTS: New poster session:
‘Ecosystems, Organisms, Innovations-14’, February 12, 2011; Amherst, MA, USA;
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6191_Newpostersession2011; Session, 2011,
February12; http://www.resea...(Read more) *** Elements.in.Biodetritus Sergei Ostroumov–Nov 28,
2010–1 comments–22 views
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6079_ElementsinBiodetritus; New publication -
ecology, biogeochemistry: This is a fragment of a letter I got from Springer Press. May I share the info on the
new publication with you: Dear Dr...(Read more) Lava Kafle likes this comment. ***
KeyRoles.FilterFeeders Key Roles of Filter-feeders.
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6023_KeyRolesFilterFeeders; Identification of
the fundamental roles of aquatic organisms (filter-feeders, suspension feeders) in engineering the
biomachinery of a...(Read more) *** Key Blogs Sergei Ostroumov–Nov 24, 2010–3 comments–50 views
Some of key blogs: http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/5974_Key_Blogs;
publications authored and coathored by S.A.Ostroumov are available online free:
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/5152_TextsOnlineFre...(Read more) ***
FAQ.Detergents.Surfactants.Risk
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/5898_FAQDetergentsSurfactantsRisk; FAQ
(Frequently asked questions) : how to use the book and relevant papers on detergents and surfactants. A book
on surfactants and detergents (entitled: Bio...(Read more) *** Evaluation.by.Prof.A.P.Kapitsa Sergei
Ostroumov–Nov 16, 2010–1 comments–22 views About the publications by S.A.Ostroumov.
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/5724_EvaluationbyProfAPKapitsa; (from a
paper published by Prof. A.P. Kapitsa, Corresponding Member, Russian Academy of Sciences; Chair,
Department of...(Read more) *** Bio.upgrade.Water.Quality.Free. Sergei Ostroumov–Nov 15, 2010–0
comments–39 views Bio.upgrade.Water.Quality.Free.
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/5699_BioupgradeWaterQualityFree; The paper
made available free: Ostroumov S. A. Biological filtering and ecological machinery for self-purification and
bioreme...(Read more) *** Water Quality,Ecology,papers,available, Sergei Ostroumov–Nov 14, 2010–5
comments–52 views Water Quality,Ecology,Environment;
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/5653_Water_Quality_Ecology_papers_available
Papers available online free: Ostroumov S.A. Some aspects of water filtering activity of filter-feeders. -
Hyd...(Read more) *** Book.Pollution.Self-Purification.Restoration. Sergei Ostroumov–Nov 10, 2010–0
comments–17 views Book: Ostroumov SA "Pollution, self-cleaning and restoration of aquatic ecosystems»
= Pollution, self-purification and restoration of aquatic ecosystems. M.: MAX Press. 2005. 100 p.
http://scipeople.com/publication/69887/; PUBLISHED REVIEWS, COMMENT...(Read more) ***
Ecological repair Sergei Ostroumov–Nov 10, 2010–0 comments–20 views Abstract of a new paper:
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/5568_Ecological_repair; S. A. OSTROUMOV.
Ecological repair in aquatic ecosystems: processes of maintaining and restoration of water quality. - Ecology
of Industrial Pr...(Read more) Hilyati Putri likes this comment.Edit post Delete postView details ***
Concepts.Ecological.Chemomediators Sergei Ostroumov–Nov 8, 2010–1 comments–27 views
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/5465_ConceptsEcologicalChemomediators
Ostroumov S. A. On the Concepts of Biochemical Ecology and Hydrobiology: Ecological Chemomediators. -
Contemporary Problems of Ecology, 2008, Vol. 1, No....(Read more) Edit post Delete postView details ***
Publications.S.A.Ostroumov.GoogleScholar
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/5457_PublicationsSAOstroumovGoogleScholar
More info on the author: Publications in English:
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/5152_TextsOnlineFree; Publications in Engi...
(Read more) *** Modernization: Test Strategy,Toxicology.
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/5413_Modernization_Test_Strategy_Toxicology
In a series of publications, a revolutionary change in priorities in assessing environmental hazards and r...
(Read more) *** Published Reviews and Evaluations (of the books authored and co-authored by
S.A.Ostroumov): http://www.scribd.com/doc/45111401 Examples of citations of publications authored by
S.A.Ostroumov: http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumo...(Read more) Edit post Delete
postView details Elements of CV *** Texts:Online.Free
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/5152_TextsOnlineFree;
http://www.scribd.com/doc/40747774/Papers-available-online-november2-2010; Sites where the full texts in
English or abstracts or additional information on the papers ar...(Read more) *** New definition of
ecosystem. Two papers. One of them is in English. The second one is in Russian. (View details)Delete
postView details *** Toxic nanoparticles: Bibliography Toxicity of nanoparticles.Bibliography.
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/5106_Toxic_nanoparticles_Bibliography Zheng-
Jiang Zhu, Rachel Carboni, Michael J. Quercio, Jr., Bo Yan, Oscar R. Miranda, Douglas L. Anderton,
Kathleen...(Read more) Bazira Henry likes this comment.Edit post Delete postView details ***
Bioassay.Biotests.Assessment.Chemicals:Methods. www.famous-scientists.ru/3732/
Methods.Bioassay.Biotests.Assessment.Chemicals.
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/5072_BioassayBiotestsAssessmentChemicalsMe
thods; A book was published that in Chapter 2 covers and describes in d...(Read more) Hilyati Putri likes this
comment.Edit post Delete postView details *** Cancer 20 years after drinking officially good water Women
have increased risk of cancer 20 years after drinking and using slightly contaminated water (which was
officially - according to all formal criteria - considered safe and of proper quality), according to a new paper.
(View details)Edit post Delete postView details *** New paper.Eutrophication.Gagneten New paper on
Eutrophication.
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/5009_New_paperEutrophicationGagneten; A.
M. Gagneten. Effects of Contamination by Heavy Metals and Eutrophication on Zooplankton, and Their
Possible Effects on th...(Read more) Srinivas Acharya likes this comment. *** Cancer
Risk,Environment,Contaminated Drinking Water Cancer Risk,Environment,Contaminated Drinking Water.
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/4981_Cancer_Risk_Environment_Contaminated
_Drinking_Water New interesting scientific information: A relevant presentation was made at Univer...(Read
more) *** SELF-PURIFICATION, BIOREMEDIATION: AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/4964_SELF-
PURIFICATION_BIOREMEDIATION_AQUATIC_ECOSYSTEM; SELF-PURIFICATION,
BIOREMEDIATION: AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM. This paper is being well-cited: Ostroumov S. A. Biological
filtering and ecologi...(Read more) *** A new type of effect of potentially hazardous substances: uncouplers
of pelagial-benthal coupling: https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?
key=d988acb599e121964c48114374a87e8d; www.springerlink.com/index/28V23JBFADL1Y100.pdf;
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/358_Three_new_key_hazards_to_the_functioni
ng_of_the_biosphere ;(View details)Delete postView details *** Guide to publications Guide to
publications on ecology, environment, water quality, ecotoxicology (authored and coauthored by S.A.
Ostroumov) and relevant blogs:
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/4789_Guide_to_publications;
http://www.researchgate....(Read more) *** Biochemical Ecology
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/4575_Biochemical_Ecology; Biochemical
Ecology. Many natural products were described, especially secondary metabolites, that have biological
effects on a broad range of organisms. Some of them...(Read more) *** Ecotoxicology:Detergents Book:
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/4528_EcotoxicologyDetergents;
http://www.scribd.com/doc/44432486; some other publications of the same author, online free, see:
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/...(Read more) Mohadese Tahami likes this
comment.Edit post Delete postView details *** Oil Spill Sergei Ostroumov–Oct 5, 2010–0 comments–21
views http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/4530_Oil_Spill Oil spill attracted
attention to the book: Biological Effects of Surfactants This is a site with additional info on the book, and
info on how to order (obtain, buy) it: http://w...(Read more) *** Ostroumov's definition of ecosystem was
cited: Sergei Ostroumov–Oct 4, 2010– Dr S.A.Ostroumov's definition of ecosystem was cited:
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/4470_Ostroumovs_definition_of_ecosystem_wa
s_cited It was cited in the journal HOMELAND SECURITY AFFAIRS. The new definition was published...
(Read more) *** Sergei Ostroumov–Oct 3, 2010–1 comments–21 views Ecology, Environment, Life
Sciences, List of publications, Author: Ostroumov S.A. updated, 2010 (June 10) ; See on the page:
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/publications/ Guide to publications (by S.A.
Ostroumov) and relevant bl...(Read more) Lava Kafle likes this comment.Edit post Delete postView details
*** THE LIST OF SITES WITH SOME OF PUBLICATIONS: Environmental pollution, including the
recent monstrous oil spill, made it very important: See the summary of some relevant achievements in
ecological and environmental studies conducted by Dr. S. Ostro...(Read more) *** Oil spill made it very
important
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/4307_Oil_spill_made_it_very_important; The
oil spill that happened recently attracted attention to the issues of pollution, ecology and environment. Some
of them were revisited in the followi...(Read more) *** Dispersed element concentrations of rare elements in
aquatic biodetritus It is the first time the concentrations of many elements were measured in the biodetritus
that was formed in aquatic system under controlled conditions. The concentrations were found to decrease in
the following order: Ca > Zn > Ba > Br > Ce > Se > Nd > La > U > Hf > Sb > Th > Sm > S > Cs > Au.(View
details)Edit post Delete postView details *** ecology of water quality Useful analysis of ecology of water
quality: http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/3821_ecology_of_water_quality Two
innovative articles that discoivered new aspects and complex mechanisms of how organisms and especially
communi...(Read more) Mehrdad Zamanpoore likes this comment.Edit post Delete postView details ***
biodetritus in accumulation of elements in aquatic ecosystems
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/3804_biodetritus_in_accumulation_of_elements
_in_aquatic_ecosystems New paper entitled: The role of biodetritus in accumulation of elements in aquatic
ecosystems S. A. Ostroumov, G. M. Kolesov....(Read more) Lava Kafle likes this comment. *** Some of
those and other publications are available online:
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/5974_Key_Blogs;
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/5152_TextsOnlineFree; *** Comments on the
publications: http://www.scribd.com/doc/43251041;
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/5724_EvaluationbyProfAPKapitsa;
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/3407_Evaluations_of_works_of_Dr_S_Ostroum
ov *** Published Reviews and Evaluations (of the books authored and co-authored by S.A.Ostroumov):
http://www.scribd.com/doc/45111401; *** Opinion on and rating of Dr. S.A.Ostroumov’s works: comments
of experts, citation in scientific literature worldwide. Updated January 2, 2011.
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/7034_Comments_Evaluation_January2_2011;
*** http://www.scribd.com/doc/46147087; (Content of this material: Fragments from some publications on
the achievements in scientific research conducted by Dr. S.A. Ostroumov). *** Scholars of those institutions
have cited publications authored by S.A.Ostroumov (examples): http://www.scribd.com/doc/44305970;
Additional info: http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/; http://www.famous-
scientists.ru/3732/; http://ru.linkedin.com/pub/sergei-ostroumov/21/970/41; Key blogs:
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/5974_Key_Blogs; ***
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/5974_Key_Blogs; (publications authored and
coathored by S.A.Ostroumov are available online free) This is Google's cache of http://www.who-
online.ru/25/. It is a snapshot of the page as it appeared on Nov 23, 2010 - I seek sponsors for
phytotechnology; *** http://novostimed.ru/category/zdorove_cheloveka_i_okrujayuschaya_sreda_sos/; ***
http://www.bookrags.com/research/assimilative-capacity-enve-01/ (definition of assimilative capacity)
[Assimilative capacity refers to the ability of the environment or a portion of the environment (such as a
stream, lake, air mass, or soil layer) to carry waste material without adverse effects on the environment or on
users of its resources. Pollution occurs only when the assimilative capacity is exceeded. Some
environmentalists argue that the concept of assimilative capacity involves a substantial element of value
judgement, i.e., pollution discharge may alter the flora and fauna of a body of water, but if it does not effect
organisms we value (e.g., fish) it is acceptable and within the assimilative capacity of the body of water. A
classical example of assimilative capacity is the ability of a stream to accept modest amounts of
biodegradable waste. Bacteria in a stream utilize oxygen to degrade the organic matter (or biochemical
oxygen demand) present in such a waste, causing the level of dissolved oxygen in the stream to fall; but the
decrease in dissolved oxygen causes additional oxygen to enter the stream from the atmosphere, a process
referred to as reaeration. A stream can assimilate a certain amount of waste and still maintain a dissolved
oxygen level high enough to support a healthy population of fish and other aquatic organisms. However, if
the assimilative capacity is exceeded, the concentration of dissolved oxygen will fall below the level required
to protect the organisms in the stream. Two other concepts are closely related: 1) critical load; and 2) self
purification. The term critical load is synonymous with assimilative capacity and is commonly used to refer
to the concentration or mass of a substance which, if exceeded, will result in adverse effects, i.e., pollution.
Self purification refers to the natural process by which the environment cleanses itself of waste materials
discharged into it. Examples include biodegradation of wastes by natural bacterial populations in water or
soil, oxidation of organic chemicals by photochemical reactions in the atmosphere, and natural dieoff of
disease causing organisms. Determining assimilative capacity may be quite difficult, since a substance may
potentially affect many different organisms in a variety of ways. In some cases, there is simply not enough
information to establish a valid assimilative capacity for a pollutant. If the assimilative capacity for a
substance can be determined, reasonable standards can be set to protect the environment and the allowable
waste load can be allocated among the various dischargers of the waste. If the assimilative capacity is not
known with certainty, then more stringent standards can be set, which is analogous to buying insurance (i.e.,
paying an additional sum of money to protect against potential future losses). Alternatively, if the cost of
control appears high relative to the potential benefits to the environment, a society may decide to accept a
certain level of risk. The Federal Water Pollution Control Amendments of 1972 established the elimination
of discharges of pollution into navigable waters as a national goal. More recently, pollution prevention has
been heavily promoted as an appropriate goal for all segments of society. Proper interpretation of these goals
requires a basic understanding of the concept of assimilative capacity. The intent of Congress was to prohibit
the discharge of substances in amounts that would cause pollution, not to require a concentration of zero.
Similarly, Congress voted to ban the discharge of toxic substances in concentrations high enough to cause
harm to organisms. Well meaning individuals and organizations sometimes exert pressure on regulatory
agencies and other public and private entities to protect the environment by ignoring the concept of
assimilative capacity and reducing waste discharges to zero or as close to zero as possible. Failure to utilize
the natural assimilative capacity of the environment not only increases the cost of pollution control (the cost
to the discharger and the cost to society as a whole); more importantly, it results in the inefficient use of
limited resources and, by expending materials and energy for something that nature provides free of charge,
results in an overall increase in pollution. This is the complete article, containing 658 words (approx. 2
pages at 300 words per page).]
List. Files at Scribd; 16.1.2011; Working...5 p.Japanese(5Hydrobiologia;
http://www.scribd.com/doc/46810563; Translated to Japanese: Original paper in English: Ostroumov S.A.
Some aspects of water filtration and filter-feeders; Published in: Hydrobiologia; ** 10 p.Turkish.on;
http://www.scribd.com/doc/46675352; Turkish translation: About the book ‘Biological Effects of
Surfactants’ ** 9 p.Chinese.on; http://www.scribd.com/doc/46674344; Translation to Chinese; on the book
‘Biological Effects of Surfactants’ [and detergents... ** 3 p.Japanese.on
http://www.scribd.com/doc/46673285; About the book: Biological Effects of Surfactants. Dr. S.A.
Ostroumov. Japanese translation of the extended abstract... ** 9 p.List.papers.pub.Med. author
Dr.Ostroumov; http://www.scribd.com/doc/46656117; List of the papers authored and coauthored by Dr. S.
A. Ostroumov, indexed at PubMed. Updated January 12, 2011; ** 12 p.Eng.biol.Eff Uploaded by: ar55 —
http://www.scribd.com/doc/46637373; http://www.scribd.com/doc/46613666; Useful Book (areas: Ecology,
Environment, Water,... ** 20 p.Mussel.uptake.Cd.Zn http://www.scribd.com/doc/46636860/Mussel-uptake-
cd-Zn ** 12 p.OnlyEng.biol.Eff http://www.scribd.com/doc/46613666; Book (areas: Ecology, Environment,
Water, Preventing Pollution); on the book entitled: Biological Effects of Surfactants; the extended abstract;
** 19 p.Merit.2.Ostroumov.publ.on.his.Works http://www.scribd.com/doc/46471534; Dr. S. A. Ostroumov.
Addendum to CV. Evidence of Merit. Updated 2011, January 7; ** 39 p.List.scribd.7January2011;
http://www.scribd.com/doc/46454069; This is a list of materials (Ecology, Environment) that are available at
the portal; ** 10 p.FAQ2.German; Translated from English into German.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/46334046; Übersetzung aus dem Englischen. Häufig gestellte... Book (areas:
Ecology, Environment, Water, Preventing Pollution); on the book entitled: Biological Effects of Surfactants;
the extended abstract in German; ** 9 p.FAQ2.Finnish; Translated from English to Finnish;
http://www.scribd.com/doc/46328345; FAQ part 2, Book (areas: Ecology, Environment, Water, Preventing
Pollution); on the book entitled: Biological Effects of Surfactants; the extended abstract in Finnish; ** 9
p.FAQ2.Norwegian; Translated from English to Norwegian; http://www.scribd.com/doc/46327946; FAQ part
2, Book (areas: Ecology, Environment, Water, Preventing Pollution); on the book entitled: Biological Effects
of Surfactants; the extended abstract in Norwegian; ** 9 p.FAQ2.Swedish;
http://www.scribd.com/doc/46327495; Translation from English to Swedish; FAQ part 2: Book (areas:
Ecology, Environment, Water, Preventing Pollution); on the book entitled: Biological Effects of Surfactants;
the extended abstract in Swedish; ** 6 p.Faq 2 Japanese; http://www.scribd.com/doc/46327082; Translated
from English to Japanese: FAQ part 2. Book (areas: Ecology, Environment, Water, Preventing Pollution); on
the book entitled: Biological Effects of Surfactants; the extended abstract in Japanese; **