VII.

DRUG STUDY
Drug Indication Contraindication Mechanism of Side / Adverse Effect Drug
Action Responsibilities
Generic Name: Mild pain due to Patients with any liver Decreases fever by CNS: anxiety, fatigue,  Reduce total daily
Paracetamol headache, earache, disease or renal acting on the headache, insomnia, dose and increase
musculoskeletal pain impairment, chronic hypothalamic heat- pyrexia dose intervals for
Brand Name: malnutrition, regulating center GI: nausea, vomiting, patients with renal
Biogesic, Panadol, Fever due to viral and hypervolemia, anemia leading to sweating abdominal pain, or hepatic
Tylenol bacterial infection and patients with long and vasodilation diarrhea impairments.
term alcohol use Analgesic effect by Hematologic:  Advise patients that
Classification: inhibiting CNS hemolytic anemia drug is only for
Non-narcotic prostaglandin Hepatic: jaundice short-term use (less
Analgesic, Antipyretic synthesis and other Skin: rash, urticaria than 5 days for
substances that children)
Dosage: sensitize pain  Do not use for fever
250 mg / 5 mL receptors higher than 39˚C
every 4 hrs persisting for more
PRN for temp > 38˚C than 3 days
 Caution patient to
Route: report any signs and
PO symptoms of liver
damage
Generic Name: Anxiety disorders, Patients with Potentiates the effects Body Whole: Throat,  Monitor HR, BP,
Diazepam pre-surgery sedation, myasthenia gravis, of GABA, depresses chest pain and mental status
cardioversion and severe respiratory the CNS, and CNS: drowsiness, changes;
Brand Name: endoscopic insufficiency, severe suppresses the spread slurred speech, hypotension,
Diastat, Valium procedures, muscle hepatic insufficiency, of seizure activity tremor, transient muscular weakness,
spasms, adjunctive acute angle-closure amnesia, fatigue, tachycardia, and
Classification: treatment for seizure glaucoma, ataxia, headache, respiratory
Anxiolytic, disorders, status experiencing shock insomnia, paradoxical depression may
Benzodiazepine epilepticus and severe and coma, depression, anxiety and rage, EEG occur
recurrent seizures history of substance changes, vertigo,  Warn patient
Dosage: abuse, impaired gag confusion receiving
2 – 3 ngTS IV reflex, risk for fall CV: hypotension continuous therapy
as needed for active EENT: diplopia, to not to abruptly
seizure blurred vision, stop drug because
nystagmus withdrawal
Route: GI: nausea, symptoms may
IV constipation occur
GU: incontinence,  Monitor IO ratio for
urine retention urinary and bowel
Hepatic: jaundice elimination
Respiratory: hiccups,
coughing
Skin: rash, phlebitis at
injection site
Generic Name: Rhinitis, allergy Patients taking other Blocks H-1 receptors CNS: drowsiness,  Stop drug 4 days
Diphenhydramine symptoms, motion products containing sites blocking sedation, sleepiness, prior skin testing
hydrochloride sickness, Parkinson’s diphenhydramine, histamines on the GI dizziness,  Drug causes
disease, nighttime taking MAO tract, blood vessels incoordination, drowsiness. Advise
Brand Name: sleep aid, inhibitors, and respiratory tract confusion, insomnia, patient to avoid
Benadryl, Diphenhist, nonproductive cough hypersensitive to Blocks action of headache, vertigo, activities requiring
Sominex antihistamines, with acetylcholine fatigue, restlessness, mental alertness
angle-closure High sedative, tremor, nervousness  Instruct patient to
Classification: glaucoma, stenosing anticholinergic and CV: palpitations, take drug 30 mins
Antihistamine, peptic ulcer, neck antiemetic effects hypotension, before travel to
Second generation obstruction, tachycardia prevent motion
Ethanolamine pyloroduodenal EENT: diplopia, sickness
obstruction and blurred vision, nasal  Tell patient to
Dosage: asthma congestion, tinnitus report if tolerance
12.5 mg / 5 mL GI: dry mouth, develops to
30 mins prior to EEG nausea, epigastric prescribe a different
distress, vomiting, antihistamine
Route: diarrhea, constipation  Advise patient to
PO GU: dysuria, urine not use together
retention, urinary with products
frequency containing
Skin: urticaria, diphenhydramine.
photosensitivity, rash Drug is present in
many OTC and
cold medicines
 Drug could cause
photosensitivity
 reactions, advise
patient to avoid use
of sunblock
 Tell patient to take
drug with food or
milk to reduce GI
distress