Professional Documents
Culture Documents
- pagocytosis of bacteria,
cell debris, and senescent red
What are 3 functions of a cells - scavenges damaged
macrophage? cells and tissues - can
function as an antigen
presenting cell
- Large - Kidney-shaped
What are 3 morphological
nucleus - Extensive 'frosted
characteristics of monocytes?
glass' cytoplasm
- acute inflammmatory
What are two important
response of a cell -
functions of a neutrophil?
phagocytosis
a baby (developing)
What is a reticulocyte?
erythrocyte
What is percentage of
leukocytes in the blood exist less than 1%
as basophils?
myelination of PNS (a
What is the function of
Schwann cell myelinates only
Schwann cells?
one PNS axon)
> 2.0 in fetal lung is
What is the importance of the
indicative of fetal lung
lecithin:sphingomyelin ratio?
maturity
terminal broncioles
What is the last segment of (remember ciliated cells
lung tissue in which goblet sweep away mucous
cells are found? produced by goblet cells and
therefore run deeper)
What is the primary function
Mediates allergic reactions
of a basophil?
What percentage of
leukocytes exist as 40 - 75%
neutrophils in the blood?
What percentage of
leukocytes in blood are 2 - 10%
monocytes?
A decrease resistance in
After the first breath at birth,
pulmonary vasculature causes
what causes the closure of
increased left atrial pressure
the foramen ovale?
vs. right atrial pressure
An easy pneumonic to
Young Liver Synthesizes
remember fetal erythropoiesis
Blood
is?
At what time in the course of
development is the fetus
Weeks 3-8
most susceptible to
teratogens?
Do the cardiovascular
structures arise from neural
Mesoderm
crest (ectoderm), mesoderm,
or endoderm?
Is a primary spermatocyte 2N
4N
or 4N?
Is a primary spermatocyte
Diploid, 4N
haploid or diploid?
Is a secondary spermatocyte
Haploid, 2N
haploid or diploid?
Is a secondary spermatocyte
2N
N or 2N?
Is a speratogonium haploid or
Diploid, 2N
diploid?
Is a spermatid haploid or
Haploid, N
diploid?
Meiosis I is arrested in which
Prophase
phase until ovulation?
What does the right 4th aortic Proximal part of the right
arch give rise to? subclavian artery
What does the right horn of
Smooth part of the right
the sinus venosus give rise
atrium
to?
- Neurohypophysis - CNS
What five things arise from
neurons - Oligodendrocytes -
neuroectoderm?
Astrocytes - Pineal gland
- Septum transversum -
What four structures make up pleuroperitoneal folds - body
the diaphragm? wall - dorsal mesentery of
esophagus
- Adenohypophysis - Lens of
What four things arise from
eye - Epithelial linings -
surface ectoderm?
Epidermis
- Temporalis - Masseter -
Lateral pterygoid - Medial
Which muscles (8) are
pterygoid - Mylohyoid -
derivatives of the 1st
Anterior belly of digastric -
branchial arch?
Tensor tympani - Tensor veli
palatini
A lumbar puncture is
Iliac crest
performed at what landmark/
--Suspensory ligament of
ovaries --Transverse cervical
Name the 4 ligaments of the
(cardinal) ligament --Round
uterus.
ligament of uterus --Broad
ligament
1.Duodenum(2nd-4th parts)
2.Descending colon
Name the retroperitoneal 3.Ascending colon 4.Kidney
structures (9). & ureters 5.Pancreas
6.Aorta 7.Inferior vena cava
8.Adrenal glands 9.Rectum
--Supraspinatus --
Name the rotator cuff
Infraspinatus --teres minor
muscles.
--Subscapularis
--Opponens pollicis --
Name the thenar muscles Abductor pollicis brevis --
Flexor pollicis brevis
Protrusions of peritoneum
What are hernias? through an opening, usually
sites of weakness.
Modified smooth muscle of
afferent arteriole in the
What are JG cells?
juxtaglomerular apparatus of
the kidney
--Esophageal varices --
What are the manifestations
Hemorrhoids --Caput
of portal hypertension?
medusae
What condition is usually
associated with portal Alcoholic cirrhosis
hypertension?
entrance of abdominal
What is a femoral hernia? contents through the femoral
canal.
--Muscularis mucosae --
What layers of the gut wall Inner circular muscle layer --
contribute to motility (4)? Myenteric plexus --Outer
longitudinal muscle layer
What layers of the gut wall --Serosa --Lamina propria --
contribute to support (3)? Submucosa
1.Trigeminal Nerve,
What nerve innervates most
Mandibular branch 2.Tensor
of the 'palat' muscles and
veli palatini (innervated by
which is the exception?
vagus n)
What nerve innervates the
muscles that close and open Trigeminal Nerve (V3)
the jaw?
Cell bodies of
What neurons do the GI
parasympathetic terminal
enteric plexus contain?
effector neurons
1.Skin/superficial fascia
2.Ligaments
(supraspinatous,interspinous,
What structures are pierced ligamentum flavum)
when doing an LP? 3.Epidural space 4.Dura
mater 5.Subdural space
6.Arachnoid 7.Subarachnoid
space--CSF
--IVC at T8 --esophagus,
What structures perforate the
vagal trunks at T10 --aorta,
diaphragm at what vertebral
thoracic duct, axygous vein at
levels?
T12
Which lung provides a space Left lung (in the place of the
for the heart to occupy? middle lobe)
Which meningeal layer is not
Pia mater
pierced during an LP?
1. Cochlea- hearing 2.
What are the functions of the
vestibule- linear acceleration
major structures of the inner
3. semicircular canals-
ear bony labyrinth?
angular acceleration.
6. Addition of mannose-6-
phosphate to specific
Name 6 functions of Golgi
lysosomal proteins, which
apparatus (continued answer)
targets the protein to the
lysosome
1. Mucus-secreting goblet
Which cells are rich in rough cells of small intestine, 2.
ER? antibody-secreting plasma
cells.
1. Nonspecific filtration by
What are the functions of the macrophages. 2. storage/
lymph node? proliferation of B and T cells
3. Ab production.
1. skin 2.blood vessels
Where is type III collagen
3.uterus 4.fetal tissue
found? (5)
5.granulation tissue
Allow macromolecules of
What is the function of liver plasma full access to surface
sinusoids? of liver cells through space of
Disse.
What type of cells are Nissl Are found in neurons. Are not
bodies found? In what parts found in axon or axon
of the cell? hillock.
IN what area of the spleen are B cells are found within the
B cells found? white pulp of the spleen.
Perineurium (permeability
What is Perineurium? barrier) surrounds a fascicle
of nerve fibers.
Where in the inner ear are the The utricle and saccule
maculae found? What is the contain maculae Functions in
function of this structure? detecting linear acceleration.
Unencapsulated lymphoid
tissue found in lamina propria
What is a Peyer's patch?
and submucosa of small
intestine.
According to the
Homunculus man, place the foot, trunk, hand, face,
following in order (from tongue
medial to lateral). hand, foot,
tongue, face, trunk
(T or F) Can Bell's palsy occur
true
idiopathically?
(T or F) Can fasiculations be
True
present in a LMN lesion?
(T or F) Is the hippocampal
formation part of the limbic True
system?
(T or F) Is the mammillary
body part of the limbic True
system?
(T or F) Thoracic outlet
syndrome results in atrophy
True
of the thenar and hypothenar
eminences?
(T or F) Thoracic outlet
syndrome results in
disappearance of the radial True
pulse upon moving the head
to the opposite side?
(T or F) Thoracic outlet
syndrome results in sensory
True
deficits on the medial side of
the forearm and hand?
A lesion of the globus
Wilson's disease
pallidus causes what disease?
Wernicke-Korsakoff's
A lesion of the mammillary
encephalopathy
bodies (bilateraly) produces
(confabulations, anterograde
what?
amnesia)
A positive Babinski is an
indicator for a (UMN or LMN) UMN lesion
lesion?
General sensory/motor
dysfunction and aphasia are
anterior circle
caused by stroke of the? (ant.
circle or post. circle)
Huntington's patients
typically have what type of Chorea
movements?
Thirst/waterbalance,
Adenohypophysis control,
Name 7 functions of the Neurohypophysis control,
hypothalamus? Hunger/satiety, Autonomic
regulation, Temperature
regulation, Sexual emotions.
TAN HATS
triceps brachii,
What 3 muscles are lost in a
brachioradialis, and extensor
lesion of the radial nerve?
carpi radialis longus
What 3 structures pass spinal roots of CN XI
through the foramen (ascending), brainstem,
magnum? vertebral arteries
Brachioradialis, Extensors of
What 4 'muscles' does the
the wrist and fingers,
radial nerve innervate?
Supinator, Triceps. (BEST)
input - hippocampal
What are the input and output
formation, output - anterior
of the mammillary body?
nucleus of the thalamus
input - hippocampal
What are the input and output
formation, output -
of the septal area?
hippocampal formation
What hypo/hyper-kinetic
disorder is marked by
decreased serum ceruloplasm Wilson's disease
and Keyser-Fleischer rings in
the eyes.
the eyes DO NOT constrict to
What is a Argyll Robertson
light, but DO accommodate
pupil?
to near objects
What is affected in a
peripheral VII lesion (lesion at paralysis of the ipsilateral
or below the facial nucleus - face both upper and lower.
LMN)?
What passes through the CN III, IV, V1, V2, VI, post-
cavernous sinus? (nerves and ganglionic SNS and the
artery Internal carotid artery
What reflex is lost in a lesion
of the musculocutaneous biceps reflex
nerve?