Teaching –Learning Activities ( TLA)

Chapter 1 : Introduction

As an overview of the major concepts and introduction to the course, read topics on
society and culture ( You may read the suggested topics in the Course Syllabus)

Topic 1.A: - Philippine Popular Culture

Pre- Activity:

1. Read the references/ links given .

( Please refer to the references on the syllabus and read:

(Filipino Cultural Identity – Felipe M. de Leon Jr . pdf)

Activity Proper :

1. Answer the following questions:

- What is culture?
- What is popular culture?
- What is Philippine popular culture?
- What shapes Philippine popular culture?
- In what way do popular culture influence Philippine society?

Post – Activity

The following concepts will be made:

1. Culture is a pattern of human activity. It is essentially the way we perceive the

world, the values arising from the perception, and the way we express these values
as well as the skills they necessitate.

2. Popular culture are those that are popular, well-liked, and common determined by
the mass media.

Popular culture are types of media that have mass accessibility and appeal.
 Popular culture refers to cultural products such as music, art, literature, fashion ,
dance , film, cyber culture, television, and radio that are consumed by the majority
of a society’s population .

3. Philippine popular culture is a blending of traditional and Spanish catholic tradition

with influences from America and other parts of Asia .

Filipinos are family-oriented and often religious with an appreciation for art, fashion,
music and food.

Filipino culture is unique, it was influenced by colonization.

Filipinos are hardworking and strive to make life better for the next generation of
their family.

4. The Filipino culture is an exuberant story that tells of the nation’s journey through
centuries. Customs reflect the people’s faith, their oneness with others, their affinity
with nature, and their celebration of life. The Filipino’s temperament is as warm and
constant as their sunshine. Their way of life is rich, diverse and rooted. They are in
harmony with others and face the world with an engagingly courageous spirit.

5. Popular culture and society instills a sense of ownership and empowerment in our
society. Popular culture gives us a sense of shared identity, meaning and purpose
that transcend differences in geography, race, ethnicity religion or politics, it
encourages us to lead a life in accordance with our cultural values and norms
because they are our own.

ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION- ( see the syllabus)

Topic 1. B : - Definition of Terms

Pre- Activity

1. Read the readings. ( Refer to the references in the syllabus)

Activity Proper

Guide Questions:

1. Define popular culture. What are the examples of popular culture?

2. What is mass culture? Give examples of mass culture.
3. What is folk culture? Identify folk culture practiced by Filipinos.
4. Define and differentiate high culture and low culture.
5. What is indigenous culture? Give example.

Post- Activity

The following concepts will be made:

1. Pop culture are popular to many people in a population, well-liked, are common and
determined by mass media. Refers to types of media that have mass accessibility
and appeal.

2. Mass culture is also referred to as the commercial culture, mass produced for mass
consumption. These are cultural products that are mass produced for mass
audiences. Examples are mass media entertainments – films, TV programs, popular
books, newspapers, magazines, popular music, leisure goods, household items,
clothing and mechanically –produced arts.
Mass culture is important because it changes the way people thinks about buying
clothes, appliances , playing sports, etc. It is a way to advertise new things and
persuade people to but new products and services.

3. Folk culture developed during the pre-industrial time and used in the form of jokes,
slang, through cyberspace and spread by word of mouth .

4. High culture is the set of cultural products, mainly in the arts held in the highest
esteem by a culture. It encompasses the actual objects of aesthetic value. It
includes intellectual works considered to be of supreme philosophical, historical,, or
literary value .
 5. Low culture is the culture associated with the masses comprising of reality TV,
escapist fiction, slapstick, kitsch, toilet humor, yellow journalism, pornography and
exploitation films and gossip magazines.

6. Indigenous culture originated in a particular region or environment.

ASSESSMENT /EVALUATION ( see the syllabus)

Topic 1. C: - Folk Culture VS Popular Culture

Pre – Activity :
Make a research /reading on the comparison of folk culture and popular culture.

( Please refer to the references in the syllabus)

Activity proper

Guide Questions:

1. How does folk culture compared with popular culture?

2. Explain the context of folk and popular culture.
3. Illustrate the characteristics of each type of culture.

Post – Activity:

Formulate the concepts of the topic by filling up and explaining the table below:

Folk Culture Popular Culture

Originated in the rural area Developed in the urban hearth

Varies from community to community Uniform over a wide geographic area

Anonymous and unknown in origin Economically developed

Practiced by small, homogenous group. Practiced by large, heterogenous society

Clustered in one area Widely distributed across different areas

Folk Pop
Culture Culture
 -prefer to keep ideas quite - Ideas are widespread and diffuse quickly
- new ideas almost always follow custom - adopts ideas from folk
-things stay the same for long periods culture and adapts them to
Of time please the people
-folks culture is fading as -both change over time -things fade out and
popular culture is on the rise -both influence most come in quickly as
–come from small, traditional aspects of life tastes of the
people change
-popular culture is overtaking
folk culture with its fast pace
and new ideas

Evaluation/ Assessment ( see the syllabus)

Topic 1.D: - How Popular Culture Develop?

Pre – Activity :

1. Research and Read the topic .

( Please refer to the references in the syllabus)

Activity Proper:

Guide Questions:

1. How did popular culture develop in the Philippines?

2. Outline the historical timeline of popular culture.
3. What factors brought about the development of popular culture in the country?

Post – Activity:

The following concepts will be formed:

1. Popular culture in the Philippines was of recent awareness, exploration and even,
definition. Popular culture is in question considering that the country is Third World, a
developing nation, with many indigenous groups, still un-urbanized and with long history
of colonization.

2. There are two layers of cultural influence in the country: the Spanish and the American
influence and the less discernible but deeply assimilated Chinese influence , and other
Asian cultures.

3. The present socio-economic state is predominantly agricultural , semi –feudal and neo-
colonial with the presence of multinational corporations and economy dependent on
foreign economies. Determining what is popular in the Philippine context is not an easy
task.

4. The concept of popular culture is not just ‘of the people” but of the mass generally
understood to be urban and industrialized. In the Philippines people belong to the
different levels of urbanization with only a small percentage being urban and industrial
in the Western mode.

5. Mass media- generated culture in the Philippines promotes popular culture. The
different ethnic cultures of pre-Hispanic tribal communities , born of a common
economic matrix constitutes Philippine folk culture strains of which drifted into elements
of popular culture.

6. The post-colonial culture that developed with the concept of a nation has been called by
Dr. B. Lumbera “ a national culture “… being the various folk cultures of the Filipinos
homogenized by communication , technology and by history.

EVALUATION/ ASESSMENT( see the syllabus)

Topic 1.E: - Sources and Genres of Popular Culture

Pre- Activity:

1. Read. Research on the topic. ( Please refer to the course syllabus)

Activity Proper

Guide Questions:

1. What are the sources of popular culture?

 2. What are the genres of popular culture?
3. What segments of society adopts popular culture?

Post- Activity

The following concepts will be formed:

1. Popular culture are trends that pave way for future generation, whether economically or
socially. It is a good indicator of where we are going in regards to future society,
consumerism and development. Today’s society is heavy on social media, music and
video games.

2. Popular culture is a 19th century term which is an accumulation of cultural products such
as music, art, literature, fashion, dance film, cyber-culture, television and radio. These
types of media have mass accessibility and appeal.

3. Sources of popular culture are : films, TV programs, animation, popular music, sports,
corporations, books and radio. Genres of Philippine popular culture are cuisine, art, TV
and music. Popular culture are categorized as entertainment ( film, music, television,
video games) , sports, news, politics, fashion, technology, slang etc.

EVALUATION/ASSESSMENT ( See syllabus)

Chapter II: Popular Culture in the Philippines

Topic II. A : Historical Context of Popular Culture in the Philippines

Pre- Activity:

Read the topics on the given references. ( please refer to the syllabus)

Activity Proper
Guide Questions:

1. How did popular culture in the Philippines and in the region emerged?
2. What media promoted popular culture is in the country ?
3. What are the impacts of popular culture to the socio-economic life of Filipinos?

Post – Activity

The major concepts will be organized:

1. Popular culture is an integral part of the daily life throughout Asia and reflects the
ethnic, linguistic and socioeconomic diversity of the region. Popular culture of Asia
( east and southeast Asia) reached a global audience and impacts the popular
cultures of many parts of the world. Commercial popular culture developed the
fastest due to media and the growth of market economies.

2. In the 20th century , when most of the countries in Asia were either colonies of the
West or Japan, or were involved in domestic or international conflicts, commercial
popular culture was limited to large urban centers and treaty ports.

3. The modern history of Asian popular culture begins with the end of political and
military upheavals such as the Vietnam wars and the Chinese cultural revolution and
the gradual thawing of diplomatic relations from late 1970’s to the 1990’s. Since the
1990’s Asia has experienced burgeoning of media channels, continued urbanization

and economic growth and close interaction with other parts of the world. Popular
culture flourished widely and globally through media.

4. In the Philippines , colonized by Spain for 375 years ( 1521 – 1896) , by the United
Sates for 48 years (1898-1946) and within the US influence through economic
dependence and the media, the question of culture is complex. It is not only
overwhelmingly westernized , but also multilayered. Mass-media-generated culture
also known as the popular culture is of recent vintage in the Philippines.
Mass-media-generated culture also known as the popular culture is of recent vintage
in the Philippines.

5. Popular culture in the Philippines was created and used by Spaniards to the native
Filipinos or Indios via plays and literature to get the heart of the natives and win it.
The colonial origins of popular culture in the Philippines can be traced by looking at
the salient developments in Philippine literature . ( Lumbera, ).
 6. The advent of American colonialism brought the, popular culture to the Philippines.
The liberal policy regarding the printing press, the radio, television and film
increased the circulation of popular culture forms. The rise of the new media and the
social media promoted popular culture on the media consumers of the country. It
also impacted on the contemporary life in political, economic and social connecting it
with cultural.

EVALUATION/ASSESSMENT ( See course syllabus)

Topic II.B : Philippine Pop Culture and the Media

Pre-Activity

1. Read the topic on the given references. ( Please refer to the course syllabus)

Activity Proper

Guide Questions:
 1. What are the forms of popular culture in the Philippines?
2. What are the implications of promoting popular culture to the masses?
3. What are the theories related to media and popular culture ?

Post – Activity

The following concepts will be formulated at the end of the t0pic:

1. A survey showed that Filipinos are among the world’s top social media users spending an
average of 4 hours and 12 minutes per day. Social media has a strong influence on every
people. It has shaped the Filipino popular culture . there are trends that dominate
Philippine popular culture such as hugots, memes, milk tea, and a daily dose of
teleserye, karaoke, popular music, local rock bands, popular sports, and international
pop culture .

2. Western popular culture is pervasive in the country. The coming of western culture drew
varying responses some condemned the corrosive influence upon local traditions
considering it a hindrance to the development of national culture. In the Philippines the
“hamburgerization” of Filipino culture and daily life has been bemoaned. The infiltration
of western popular culture resulted to the many hybrid cultural forms and practices.

3. Countries with smaller populations, less affluent pop industries, or which are seen as less
fashionable, tend to be bigger importers than exporters of popular culture. For most
part, popular culture today is governed more by entertainment and fashion than politics.
New media have become essential to the production, circulation and consumption of
popular culture.

4. The theory of netizen ( Net Citizen) has been popularly used in current times. As
netizens geographical separation in the actual reality is replaced by existence in the
same virtual space called the internet. The power of using the internet is the power of
the reporter given to the could actually be a source of netizen information regarding
certain topics or issues. The internet can be a source of opinion , that the netizen can
train himself to discern real from fabricated information.

5. Agenda-setting theory states that Media influences people to focus its attention on
something under a certain agenda. It can make people think that something is actually
happening when something is not, or give special attention or focus on certain subjects
or topics and hype it to make an impression that something big is going on.

6. The Propaganda Model is used to check the various political-economic implications of

mass media. Filters are use d to in relation with people to check the propaganda
machine of mass media.
 EVALUATION/ ASSESMENT ( See syllabus)

Chapter III: The Filipino Pop Culture : Transformation and Analysis

Topic III. A : Filipino Films/ Cinema / Movies

Pre-Activity :
 1. Research and read the following readings. ( Please refer to the references in the course
syllabus)

Activity Proper:

Guide Questions:

1. What are the importance of films/cinema/movies and television as forms of popular

culture?
2. Trace the development of movies/cinema / films that emerged as part of Philippine
popular culture.
3. Analyze the socio-economic , political and cultural influences of these media to the
watching public and to society in general.

Post-Activity

The following concepts will be made at the end of the topic:

1. Films expand our knowledge of history and culture. They describe and explore different
cultures around the world. They reflect the values of society. They are more than
entertainment, they are a powerful force in the human experience. They have the ability
to communicate and entertain in a consumable way, effective in delivering messages
that can have great meaning to individuals.

2. In the 2000’s the decline of commercial movies and the mainstream Philippine movies
resulted to the emergence of independent films ( indie films /movie) . This is also known
as the Philippine New Wave Cinema. Independent films are cheaper in production cost
and utilized digital camera. The movies in digital forms was brought about by the digital
revolution resulting to digital and experimental cinema. Digital cinema was introduced
in the Philippines in 1999. People opted for a different and cheaper form of
entertainment – the television.

3. Movies shape culture. It reflects the anxieties, beliefs and values of the culture that
produce them. It shapes and solidify a culture’s beliefs and influence fashion trends or
figure of speech. Movies affect us powerfully because of the combined impact of
images, music, dialogue. Lighting, sound, and special effects that elicit deep feelings
and help us reflect on pour lives. They can help us better our understanding our own
lives., the lives of those around us and even how our society and culture operate.

4. Cinema has the capacity to compel an audience to show worlds that are both exciting
and unfamiliar. Films can affect society both in positive and negative. It helps the
 economy grow, inspire individuals and expand basic knowledge . movies can also create
violence and bad habits, and may send bad messages to the public.

EVALUATION/ASSESSMENT ( See the syllabus)

Topic III. B. - Filipino Television

Pre- Activity:

1. Read the given topic in the references. ( Please refer to the course syllabus
references)

Activity Proper
Guide questions:

1. How did the television came about as media in the Philippines?

2. Why is the television popular ?What types of shows are popularly shown on
Philippine television?
3. What is the role of television as a medium of popular culture in the country?

Post – Activity

The following major concepts will be presented at the end of the topic :

1. Television was introduced in the Philippines in 1953 with the commercial broadcast
by Alto Broadcasting System (ABS) founded by Charles Lindenberg, the father of
Philippine television. During this time several academic experiments were done by
notable innovators.DZAQ-TV3 was the first television station in the country . it was
believed to serve as a medium for spreading information to the public.

2. The 1st television set was manufactured by Radiowealth . During that time only a few
own TV sets so programs could not be easily aired and known. The only places that
had the best TV’s were restaurants, public areas, hotels, hospitals and in the homes
of prominent people. Early channels lasted for 4 hours a day and ran
advertisements, borrowed films from other countries. As the show ran out of
programs, TV began to air stage plays.

3. Television remains to be major advertising platform in the Philippines. The programs

and the news people watch are still produced by TV networks . Recently two major
networks dominated the air- ABS-CBN and GMA . Telenovela or TV dramas were of
Spanish and Latin America culture and locally made teleserye or TV series became
popular. Television drama or teleserye is the Filipino telenovela ( P drama) a form of
melodramatic serialized fiction in television. A lot of talent-based singing and dancing
shows were produced for television.

4. In a survey conducted by Kantar Media in 2016, showed that television remains the
Filipino’s go-to-media platform for consuming content despite the growing internet
usage. 96. 6 % of Filipinos watch TV daily, and they spend longer time in front of
their TV sets devoting 3.7 hours watching their favorite programs. The results
showed that TV will remain a dominant medium in the country for many more years
because it is easily accessed by Filipinos, especially in the rural areas despite internet
access.

EVALUATION/ REFERENCES ( see the syllabus)

Topic III. C - Filipino Radio

Pre-Activity:

1. Read the references given : ( for the references, please refer to the course syllabus)

Activity Proper

Guide Questions:
 1. How did radio evolved as a media of popular culture in the Philippines?
2. Explain the role of radio in promoting popular culture?
3. What are the imp[acts and limitations of radio as a media of popular culture?
4. What are the limitations of radio as a mass media?

Post- activity

The concepts that will be organized in the topic are:

1. Then original purpose of the radio was during the World War II by the US military in war
when the US Navy controlled the radio to prevent its possible use by enemy spies. KZSO
the radio station was set inside the navy submarine in 1924, playing a vital role and
contributed largely to the early occupation of the Philippines by the US armed forces.

2. Radio was used to convey information from one place to another through the
intervening media ( air, space, non conducting materials) without wires. Radio was also
used for transmission of data in coded form. It is a receiver that is electronic and
receives and detects transmitted signals. The transient nature of radio makes it
ephemeral.

3. The transistor radio was an innovation which revolutionized in the local level. The
transistor revolution in the Philippines began in 1959 when CARE donated few
thousands transistor to the barrios. Pres. Carlos Garcia that time believed that radios
would combat subversive elements in the rural areas . Many rural areas do not have
electricity, the radio replaced the usual method of getting information by word of
mouth. People quickly accepted radio programs ( Soap opera, balagtasan. Advice
programs and music fare).

4. Radio is a unique form of mass media due to its potential to reach anyone, even the
illiterates. Radio news in the 1930’s and the 1940’s brought emotional impact of
traumatic events to the listening public in a way gave the nation a sense of unity. It has
evolved into a steadfast means of communication, enabling rapid sharing of information.

5. Radio has a profound impact on many aspects of society and culture, particularly on the
humanities. Radio allowed for the transmission of music all around the world, bringing
different styles like opera and bluegrass to other parts of the world that had never even
imagined such things. Radio played a significant role in chronicling the People’s Power
Revolution in 1986 which covered a four- day spontaneous coverage of a popular
uprising resulting to a peaceful overthrow of a dictator.

6. Radio have limitations, it is not suitable for all types of commercials as some require
illustration or demonstration. Radio may broadcast a well developed lesson but cannot
develop a lesson with the audience. Issues like “envelopmental journalism “or bribing
 became prevalent. Radio has been criticized as engaging in sensationalism, mudslinging
and tabloid broadcast journalism. Many radio journalist tread on dangerous grounds
risking their lives.

7. In the global village, the threat of cultural homogenization or domination, especially by

those who own and control technology becomes even more real.

EVALUATION/ASSESSMENT ( See the syllabus)

Topic III. D Filipino Songs and Music

Pre –Activity

Read the references given. ( Please refer to the course syllabus)

Activity Proper
Guide Questions:

1. What are the forms of popular music in the country? How did popular music came
about?
2. In what way do popular music shapes culture in contemporary times?
3. Why is music important part of Filipino culture?

Post-Activity:

The following concepts will be organized at the end of the topic:

1. Popular music are music with wide appeal typically distributed to large audiences
through the music industry. Also known as pop music it became popular because it
creates a sense of familiarity for listeners. It is varied and useful to help make the
industry more appealing to a wide audience of people , pop music is good music and is
enjoyed by many people.

2. In the 1950’s rock and roll was the louder and more exciting type of pop music which
emerged with songs about youthful rebellion and teenage love. In 1973, the pop music
industry in the Philippines long dominated by Americans top 40 was jolted by the
emergence of a new kind of sound. At the same time the protest movement found in
the popular forms of western rock and folk powerful vehicles for cultural resistance. The
creation of institutions brought about by colonial social and cultural influences and the
absorption of the country in the global political economy created a form of leisure fit for
the society. This social condition gave rise to the development of Philippine popular
music.

3. Pop music is a combination of musical genres. The goal is to express what the artist
intends it to be, some for fame and money others for enjoyment and fun sending a
message or something deeper to society. Research shows that listening to popular
music a chemical is produced by the brain, dopamine, that is responsible for the overall
mood of a person. It reflects the emerging trends and not specific ideologies. Popular
music engages in rhythm, repetitive lyrics and approachable musical style that is easy to
sing along.

4. This experimentation within and outside the industry generated interest across social
classes and opened many possibilities for new kinds of popular music, later called Pinoy
rock or Pinoy pop music in the 1970’s .The search for Filipino identity in popular music
was attempted in the late 1980’s and in early 90’s.

5. Folk pop was influenced by American folk musicians, these are songs with sociopolitical
bend. Alternative music came about through the fusing of indigenous musical elements
 with foreign pop icons. As the decade of the 90’s commenced, more and more
alternative artists entered into the mainstream.

ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION ( see the syllabus)

Topic: III.E - Language and Literature

Pre-Activity:

1. Read the references given . ( Please see the course syllabus)

Activity Proper
Guide Questions:

1. Why is literature important in transmitting popular culture?

2. How is popular culture disseminated through language and literature?
3. What literary forms and language became part of popular culture ?

Post – Activity

The following concepts will be formulated at the end of the topic:

1. Popular literature includes writings for the masses and those that find favor with large
audiences. It can be distinguished from artistic literature in that it is designed to
entertain. Philippine literature has manifested a popular orientation in the way both the
preliterate and literate traditions have communicated with the ordinary Filipino readers
who constitute the majority in a given community.

2. Literature is one way of helping people make sense of their lives by making complex
reality intelligible through a number of conventions. Philippine literature have withstood
time and periods and has evolved through generations. From every period ,different
genres appeared and these literary works rooted from all regions reflecting their culture,
society and lifestyle.

3. The 21st century literature evolved with various genres, themes and voices. The country
continues to develop in many aspects as a liberal and democratic country. The
worldwide innovation, exchange and sharing of ideas has made the country become pat
of the events and trends. Technology was used to impart and experience literature to
the younger generation . this was the primary tool for learning and being engaged in
literature through the use of internets and gadgets in acquiring knowledge and
information.

4. The flowering of Philippine literature came after the Martial Law days. The resurgence
of committed literature appeared in the 1960’s and the 1970’s . Filipino writers
continued to write poetry, short stories, novellas, novels and essays .Literature
continued to change as society changes . with technology, authors are trying to address
absolute human questions in new ways giving birth to the 21 st century new literary
genres.

Assessment/ EVALUATION ( see the syllabus)

Topic III. F : - Popular Filipino Food / Cuisine

Pre- Activity :

Read the references given and suggested for discussion. ( please refer to the Course syllabus)

Activity Proper:
Guide Questions:

1. How did popular Filipino food /cuisine evolved?

2. What are the food trends among Filipinos which are becoming popular?
3. In what way is the food preferences which are popular among Filipinos impacted on
society in general?

Post Activity:

The following major concepts will be organized around the topic discussed:

1. Filipinos love to eat since they are naturally hospitable and gregarious. . Food is the basis of
social life and people bond over food trips. Filipino cuisine is composed of the cuisines of
more than hundred distinct ethno-linguistic groups throughout the Philippine archipelago.
Filipino food combines the eastern and western idea and is strongly influenced by Chinese,
Spanish and American tradition. The approach to food was drastically influenced by trade
and conquest.

2. Food plays a major role in promoting the country’s national identity and culture . it is
important as it is integral part of local art and culture as well as communal existence.
Filipino cuisine is steadily gaining popularity around the world for its spice-packed flavorful
taste. Filipino culture and cooking are still represented in each dish , some even with a hint
of peaceful resistance.

3. Street food and fast food became the trends in the food industry . America’ influence is
palpable in the Philippines with the coming in of fast food that competed with local Filipino
fast food chains. Food kiosks and stands abound especially in malls, supermarket food
courts, food parks, public transportation terminals, and university cafeterias where much
variety of food are sold. Filipino street food is one of the best however questions of
cleanliness is raise, however due to its affordability and taste many people still patronize
these traditional way of street vending. .
4. The millennial eating habits have changed the food industry . They want convenience,
transparency and responsibility, and they want trendiness . Social media is a huge part of
the dining experience resorting to Facebook, Instagram and Snapchat regularly on a daily
basis . Many of the millennial claim that they receive food news from peers on Facebook.
Social media accounts of restaurants would show Instagram-worthy, modern and
aesthetically pleasing menu design, ambiance and décor to their clients.

5. In the age of advanced technology fast food was not enough . Mobile delivery services have
allowed food to move speedier. Some establishment had in –house delivery system in place
tapping on an app and having numerous meals to choose from . Delivery systems list
several cuisines to choose from as well as groceries with options of selecting where and
what time to have the orders delivered.
6. With restaurants facing exorbitant rent increases, overhead costs, rising wages and
personnel challenges new solutions are sprouting to challenge traditional business models.
Ghost kitchens also known as cloud or virtual kitchens are restaurants built exclusively for
take-away orders. This resulted to a phenomenon of global explosion in home delivery
services . This demand is prominent in Asia where online food delivery market is estimated
to be more 5than 50% of the global share.

ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION ( See the syllabus)

Topic III. G – Philippine Komiks

Pre- Activity:

Read the assigned references:

Open the YouTube , and watch “ The history of Philippine Komiks Industry”.

( for other references, please see the Course syllabus)

Activity Proper:

Guide Questions:

1. How did Filipino komiks came about?

2. What makes the Filipino komiks popular among people?
3. What is the present trend in komiks as a form of media reflecting society’s culture?

Post Activity:

The following major concepts will be formed at the end of the topic:

1. Komiks refers to a form of illustrated stories portraying various characters and topics
from experiences in everyday life to different kinds of adventures, exploits and heroism
to dramatic or humorous scenes. It could be a short story or a quite lengthy novel. It is
equivalent of English “comics” or “comic book”. Komiks are affordable form of
entertainment to escape the daily realities. The language use and the images
complements the texts thus making it popular to readers.

2. In the 19th century, comics in from editorial cartoons were seen as a form of political
expression. The public grew interest toward editorial cartoons that depicted socio-
political issues of the time. Komiks is a form of reading entertainment that became
and popular from 1920,s to the present. It was inspired by American mainstream comic
strips and comic books during the 2oth century. After World War II the komiks became
widely popular .

3. Comics in the Philippines has taken on many uses , they have been source of
entertainment, education, and political and social commentaries. Filipino comic books
are stories of the generation, a search for cultural identity , a gift of laughter and
amusement. An escape to widen the imagination and to go beyond the limitations of
present day realities. Komiks is among the cheapest forms of entertainment available to
the poor. Comics undoubtedly has a huge influence and following in the popular culture
in the Philippines.

4. Comics-based movies are sure blockbusters with the Philippine movie industry following
the formula of making big movie production based on successful comics series. Pinoy
komiks tells of superheroes who tend to be “poor underdogs” reflecting the colonial
history of the country. While regarded as a low form of art, komiks has influenced
culture despite the advent of other forms of media and entertainment such as television
and video games.
 5. History has been witnessed to the rise and fall of Philippine comics but the 21 st century
is seeing the revival of the medium and the industry. The appeal of komiks has not
completely died out . A new generation of creators is trying to revive and re-introduce
the legacy of Philippine komiks. The present comic style retains the local character by
way of stories that depict the Filipino culture highlighting the traits of resilience and
resourcefulness.

6. Webcomics were recently produced by independent Filipino web –based artists . Several
factors produced the steady rise of komiks : digital technology gave access to local and
global influences that in turn inspired artists to create and post on social media, colleges
and universities offered digital art courses and the blossoming of literary festivals,
affordable art markets and fandom conventions.

AASSESSMENT/EVALUATION ( see the syllabus)

Topic III. H. Fashion and Clothing

Pre- Activity:

1. Read the references given: ( please refer to the course syllabus)

Activity Proper :

Guide questions:

1. What is the evolution of Filipino fashion and clothing?

2. In what way is Filipino popular culture reflected in fashion and clothing?
3. What are the fashion and clothing trends in the present time?

Post-Activity

The following concepts will be formed at the end of the topic:

1. Fashion is defined as the cultural construction of the embodied identity. It

encompasses all forms of self-fashioning including street styles as well as the so-
called high fashion created by designers and couturiers. Fashion and clothing refers
to the way the people of Filipino society dress up in instances such as while they are
at home, while at work, while travelling and when attending special occasions.

2. Fashion is important part of culture and society. It gives people a way to express
themselves. It has the potential to bring different people together to elaborate their
own individuality. Clothes affect the way individuals see themselves. Dress sense
embodies personal wealth and taste . The attire reflects the individual’s taste and
personality. In the Philippines culture, customs and fashion sense have been defined
by influences of Spain, Japan and America . The character is basically colonial-
inspired.

3. Fashion communicates in different ways that material things like clothes and
accessories are the most important ones in life. Fashion defines a personas an
expression of an individual’s personality or attitude in their aesthetic choices like
clothing, accessories, hairstyles and outfit .

4. What is hip or popular at a certain point in time Trends I fashion and clothing refers
to a certain style in fashion or entertainment. Young people stick to fashion to get a
sense of identity and to expose themselves . The pop culture affect young people
the most because it is ever changing. Popular culture changes with time and young
people love to have something cool and trendy of their time.

5. The best fashion designers in Asia are acknowledged to be Filipinos. Filipino brands
have entered the markets locally and internationally. Fashion on-line shopping has
become a trend lately. In the 2000’s Korean pop music and television trended with
long straight hair, blending with American culture. Present-day Filipinos wear T-shirt
with maong ( jeans) which are American influences . Later the 1950’s and 1960’s
fashion trend or what is known as “retro” came about bringing out the wearing of
 skirts and leggings. The Filipiniana gown or cocktail and the Barong Tagalog are still
considered to be formal wear for women and men in the country.

6. Looking at fashion in recent times, the country has no single fashion style because
the people have not fully developed their own identity. Fashion was heavily
influenced, dominated and saturated by colonial influences. This is evident in every
aspect of life- the language, lifestyle, behavior, clothing and food.

ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION ( see the syllabus)

Topic : III. I : Games and Sports

Pre- Activity:

Read the assigned readings: ( please refer to the Course Syllabus)

Activity Proper:

Guide Questions:

1. What are the nature of traditional Filipino games and sports?

2. What re the importance of games to people in society?
3. How did popular games evolved thru the years?
4. Describe the advantages/disadvantages of popular games?

Post – Activity

The following major concepts will be formed at the end of the topic:

1. Traditional Filipino games are social games or team-building activities. Due to scarcity of
materials to make toys children in the rural areas use their ingenuity and innovate toys
and playthings they can find in their homes and neighborhood. They invented games
that don’t require anything but the players themselves. These games were common
pastimes especially during holidays and summertime. Games before were played
outdoors involving physical activity. Usually children play in the afternoons and evenings
on moonlit nights.
2. Traditional games are the best platform for promoting peace, harmony, goodwill and
camaraderie in the community. Games have been part of Filipino pastime, these games
are cooperatively played promoting close social relationships in the family , in school and
in the community. Filipinos play games to make them healthy and fit. Doing sport
activities in times when they are stressed out and exhausted keep them mentally and
physically fit.

3. The advent of computer games has drastically overshadowed traditional Filipino games.
Children of the present generation prefer to sit in front of the computer and immerse
themselves in a “different playground” instead of interacting with actual playmates.
Today’s kids are stuck on their phones, iPods. And PSP’s. On-line gaming, video games
and computer games changed popular culture in so many ways. The exposure of
children in technological devices lead to less interest in playing Filipino games , or other
social play.

4. The video game culture is a worldwide new media subculture formed by video games.
This developed popularity and have significant influence on popular culture. Later
gaming went mainstream and have influenced culture today. The gaming culture
attracts die-hard fans and amassed profits for the entertainment industry. Video games
can be seen in social media, politics, television, film, music and the YouTube. Video
games became a popular culture phenomena .Recently E- sports , the competitive video
games emerged as one of the new crops of sports.
5. The gaming community started its commercial birth in the 1950’s as technology gaming
blossomed into one of the most profitable world . the mobile industry have opened the
doors to a new generation of gamers . Today children “multi-task” across multiple
modalities, playing video game, reading and writing about mythology, researching on
the internet and even contributing to websites devoted to the game and wider topics in
mythology.

6. While these games help kids develop their cognitive skills there are downsides to
engaging in computer and video games. Video games replicate the structures of the
social system and by playing games players are enacting the social relations of the
subordinate with the one crucial inversion. These games are criticized to have violent
content are also implicating political culture. It reaches out to a majority audience
through a very powerful medium of digital interaction. Games transform a spectacle into
participation.

AASSESSMENT/EVALUATION ( see the syllabus)

Topic III. J : Advertising and On-line Shopping

Pre- activity:

Read the references . ( please refer to the course syllabus)

Activity Proper :

Guide Question:
1. Why is advertising important in promoting popular culture?
2. What are the benefits and disadvantages of advertising?
3. In what way is on-line shopping related to advertising and popular culture?
4. What are the trends in advertising in the present time?

Post-Activity:

The following major concepts will be formulated at the end of the topic:

1. Advertising is defined as promoting a product or service through the use of paid

announcements. These announcements have had enormous effect on modern
culture and thus deserve attention in treating the effect of media on culture.

2. Advertising promotes choice and reflects the existing cultural values it has an effect
on normalizing values and behaviors. It expands the size of the market . Advertising
techniques include emotional appeal, promotional bandwagon advertising, facts and
statistics, advertising unfinished ads, weasel words, endorsements and
complementing the customers. Advertising is one way which people learn about their
health by showing the good points of their products. It influences people by making
good impression that can persuade them.

3. Television still reign supreme as most effective advertising medium in the Philippines
but with video – 0n –demand (VOD) advertisements in social media and other online
platforms supplementing TV’s effectiveness. Consumers have the power to select,
watch or listen to video content they want .Viewers are expanding their range of
viewing platforms and the amount of media they are consuming. Many are using
computers and mobile phones to watch h VOD programming. Convenience is an
important consideration of consumers.

4. Digital advertising such as e-mail, banner, text, display pop ups, content , flash
HTML, mobile ads, blogs and product feeds resulted to the decline of other forms of
advertising like cable TV and print publications. Many newspapers ceased to exist as
printed products evolved to the online information source. Affiliate industries like
print and broadcast media, publishing and printing ,film, print and production
emerged. Advertising was the hardest hit industry in the present .

5. Advertising can be harmful and also beneficial to society. Unrealistic expectations ,

false image are the social and economic benefits . It could encourage companies to
compete and provide new products. It is said that popular culture affects ads or that
 ads affect popular culture. But at the end, ads and popular culture affects each
other.

6. On-line shopping is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to

directly but goods or services from a seller over the internet using a web-browser.
The Philippines is a youthful and vibrant consumer market with strong growth
potential the shopping experience is important to consumers who visit malls not
only to make purchase but also as a family or social activity. Online shopping is
becoming more popular among young Filipino who are among the most socially
conscious consumers in the world.

Evaluation/ASSESSMENT ( see the syllabus)