Jwaneng Udp

REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA
JWANENG URBAN DEVELOPMENT

PLAN 2 : 2003 – 2009
Jwaneng
“Towards Realisation of Vision 2016: Sustainable and Diversified Development Through Competitiveness in
Global Markets”
JWANENG CITY COUNCIL

JWANENG URBAN DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE
MINISTRY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
FOREWORD
For the second time in Botswana‟s planning history, the Urban Development Plan 2 and
NDP9 preparations have been done simultaneously with the same planning periods, resulting
in better integration of the two documents. The Jwaneng Urban Development Plan 2
therefore outlines development strategies, policies, programmes and projects, which will
guide Jwaneng for the next six years starting April 2003 to March 2009.
Extensive consultations were made with the community and other stakeholders before the
finalisation of this UDP2. It is therefore necessary to refer to this plan before any
representations are made regarding introduction of new projects that may be generated as the
plan goes through its implementation.
Jwaneng Town Council will be relying strongly on public officers to ensure the successful
implementation of this plan. We expect diligence and commitment from them in fulfilling
their duty of implementing development proposals as outlined in the plan. Government is in
turn urged to ensure that public officers are adequately provided with logistical and other
resources necessary to implement the plan.
We look forward to the next six years with confidence that the plan will be implemented
successfully.
Councillor Christopher Ramolemana

JWANENG TOWN COUNCIL MAYOR, FEBRUARY 2003
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword ii
Table of Contents iii
Appendices xi
List of Tables xi
List of Acronyms xiii
1 TOWN AND PEOPLE 1
1.1 URBAN GEOGRAPHIC SETTING 1
1.1.1 Location and Size 1
1.2 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT 1
1.2.1 Governance 1
1.2.2 Coordination of plans 1
1.2.3 Communications and Linkages 1
1.3 TOWN ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES 1
1.3.1 Climate 1
1.3.2 Topography 2
1.3.3 Geomorphology 2
1.3.4 Hydrology 2
1.3.5 Natural Resources 2
1.4 TOWN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 3
1.4.1 Culture 3
1.4.2 Population characteristics 3
1.4.3 Population Distribution & Density 4
1.4.4 Settlement Pattern 4
1.4.5 Migration 4
1.4.6 Population Projections and Prospects 4
1.4.7 Poverty and Poverty alleviation 4
1.4.8 Employment and Unemployment 5
1.5 TOWN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 5
1.5.1 Major Economic Developments 5
1.5.2 Major Infrastructure Development 6
1.6 STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PRINCIPLES 6
2 REVIEW OF THE UDP1 AND LONG TERM DEVELOPMENT
POTENTIAL 8
2.1 INTRODUCTION 8
2.2 THE UDP1 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES WERE AS FOLLOWS: 8
2.3 ACHIEVEMENTS/OPPORTUNITIES OF THE URBAN DEVELOPMENT
PLAN ONE 8
2.3.1 Social 8
2.3.2 Economic 9
2.3.3 Environmental 10
2.3.4 Climate Change 11
2.3.5 Operational and Performance Indicators 11
2.3.6 Monitoring and Evaluation Strategy 12
2.4 CONSTRAINTS / CHALLENGES IN UDP 1 12
2.4.1 Social and Economic 12
iii
2.5 LONG TERM POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS 14
2.5.1 Development Potential 14
2.5.2 Development Constraints 14
2.6 LINKS TO NDP 9 THEME 14
3 UDP2 DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 15
3.1 PLANNING FRAMEWORK 15
3.1.1 Alignment to Vision 2016 15
3.1.2 National Environmental Key Issues 17
3.1.3 District Key Issues 17
3.1.4 Strategic Plan For The Ministry Of Local Government 19
3.1.5 Long Term District Plans 19
3.2 UDP 2 OVERALL GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 19
3.2.1 UDP II Development Goals 19
3.2.2 UDP II Environmental Goals 19
3.2.3 Specific Objectives In Relation To Overall Goals 20
3.2.4 Framework For Monitoring Sector Goals And Objectives 21
3.2.5 Framework For Monitoring Environmental Goals And Objectives 22
3.3 FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 22
3.3.1 Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues With Overall Goals and Objectives of
UDP II 22
3.3.2 Evaluation Of Policies And Programms Against Overall Goals And Objectives Of
UDP II 23
4 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION 24
4.1 INTRODUCTION 24
4.1.1 Institutional framework 24
4.1.2 Strategic Plans 24
4.1.3 Environmental Conservation Consultation Priorities 25
4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION 25
4.2.1 National Policy on Natural Resources Conservation and Development 25
4.2.2 Waste Management Act 25
4.2.3 Environmental Impact Assessment Act (Draft) 26
4.2.4 National Conservation Strategy 26
4.3 UDP 2 ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 26
4.4.1 Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives 27
4.5 PROPOSED ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES TO IMPLEMENT URBAN
ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS 28
4.6 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR UDP 2 28
4.6.1 Issues and Strengths 28
4.6.2 Performance Targets for UDP II 29
4.6.3 Development Budget for UDP 2 29
4.6.4 Plan Monitoring Programme 30
5 LAND USE PLANNING 31
5.1 INTRODUCTION 31
5.1.1 Institutional Framework 31
5.1.2 Strategic Plan for the Ministry of Lands and Housing 32
5.1.3 Consultation Priorities 32
iv
5.2 LAND USE POLICIES AND LEGISLATION 33
5.2.1 Town and Country Planning Act 33
5.2.2 Building Control Act 33
5.2.3 Physical Development Plans 34
5.2.4 Tourism Policy 34
5.2.5 Citizen Entrepreneurial Development Agency (CEDA) 34
5.3 LAND USE PLANNING SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 34
5.4.2 Evaluation of Sector Policies and Programmes 35
5.5 PROPOSED STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE LAND USE SECTOR GOALS
AND OBJECTIVES FOR UDP 2 36
5.6 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR UDP II 37
5.6.3 Development Budget for UDP II 38
5.6.4 Plan Monitoring Program 38
6 SETTLEMENT AND HOUSING 40
6.1 INTRODUCTION 40
6.1.1 Institutional framework 40
6.2 NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION 41
6.2.1 National Housing Policy 41
6.2.2 Self Help Housing Agency (SHHA) 41
6.2.3 Institutional Housing 42
6.3 SETTLEMENT AND HOUSING 42
6.3.1 Housing Demand 42
6.3.2 Housing Supply 43
6.3.3 General Infrastructure and Services 43
6.4 SETTLEMENT AND HOUSING SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 43
6.6 STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE SETTLEMENT AND HOUSING GOALS
AND OBJECTIVES 44
6.7 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR UDP II 45
7 AGRICULTURE 47
7.1 INTRODUCTION 47
7.1.2 Strategic Plans for Respective Ministries 48
7.1.3 Agriculture Consultation Priorities 48
v
7.3 AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ACTIVITIES 49
7.3.1 Crop Sub Sector 49
7.3.2 Horticultural Sub Sector 49
7.3.3 Livestock Sub Sector 49
7.3.4 Cooperatives Sub Sector 50
7.4 AGRICULTURAL SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 50
7.4.1 Crop Production and Forestry Sub Sector 50
7.4.2 Animal Health and Production Sub Sector 50
7.5.1 Evaluation Of Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives 51
7.6 STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR GOALS
AND OBJECTIVES 52
7.6.1 Crop Production and Forestry Sub Sector 52
7.6.2 Animal Health and Production Sub Sector 52
7.7.1 Development Expenditure and Performance Targets for UDP II 53
7.7.2 Plan Monitoring Program 53
8 TRADE, INDUSTRY, WILDLIFE AND TOURISM 54
8.1 INTRODUCTION 54
8.1.1 Strategic Plans for other Ministries 54
8.1.2 Role of the Private Sector 54
8.2.1 Industrial Development Policy 55
8.2.2 Financial Assistance Policy (FAP) and Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises
Policy (SMME) 55
8.2.3 Citizen Entrepreneurship Development Agency (CEDA) 55
8.2.4 Consumer Protection Act 55
8.2.5 The National Licensing Act 55
8.2.6 Tourism Policy 56
8.2.7 Tourism Enterprise Licensing 56
8.2.8 Wildlife Conservation Policy, 1986 56
8.2.9 Wildlife Conservation and National Parks Act, 1992 57
8.2.10 Community Based Natural Resources Management (CBNRM) Policy 57
8.3 TRADE AND INDUSTRY 57
8.3.1 Trade and Industry 57
8.3.2 CEDA 57
8.3.3 Tourism 58
8.3.4 Wildlife and National Parks 58
8.4 TRADE, INDUSTRY, WILDLIFE AND TOURISM SECTOR GOALS AND
OBJECTIVES 58
8.5.1 Evaluation of Sector Policies and Programs 59
8.6 STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE TRADE, INDUSTRY, TOURISM AND
WILDLIFE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 59
8.6.1 Mitigation measures 60
vi
8.7 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR UDP2 60
8.7.1 Development Budget for UDP2 60
9 EDUCATION AND TRAINING 61
9.1 INTRODUCTION 61
9.1.2 Strategic plans for respective ministries 62
9.1.3 The role of the private sector 62
9.2.1 Revised National Policy on Education 63
9.2.2 Policy on Tertiary Education 64
9.3 EDUCATION 64
9.3.1 Schools 64
9.3.2 Training 67
9.4 EDUCATION AND TRAINING SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 68
9.4.1 Secondary Education 68
9.4.2 Vocational Education 69
9.4.3 Non-formal Education 69
9.4.4 Centre for Continuing Education (UB) 70
9.4.5 BOCODOL 70
9.5.1 Evaluation of environmental Key Issues with sector goals and objectives 70
9.5.2 Evaluation of sector policies and programmes 71
9.6 STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE EDUCATION AND TRAINING GOALS AND
OBJECTIVES 72
9.7.1 Development Budget and Performance Targets for UDP II 75
9.7.2 Plan Monitoring 76
10 HEALTH 77
10.1 INTRODUCTION 77
10.1.2 Strategic Plans for Respective Ministries 78
10.1.4 Health Consultation Priorities 79
10.2.1 National Policy on HIV/AIDS 81
10.2.2 National Health Policy 81
10.2.3 Health Strategy and Plans 82
10.2.4 Waste Management Act 82
10.2.5 Public Health Act 83
10.3 HEALTH 84
10.3.1 Environmental Health 84
10.3.2 Hospital Services 85
10.3.3 District Health Systems 86
10.3.4 Primary Health 86
10.3.5 Control Measures for Pandemic Diseases 88
10.4 10.4 HEALTH SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 88
10.4.1 Clinics Goals and Objectives 88
10.4.2 Environmental Health Goals and Objectives 89
vii
10.5.1 Evaluation Of Environmental Key Issues With Sector Goals and Objectives 90
10.6 STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE THE HEALTH SECTOR GOALS AND
OBJECTIVES 91
10.6.1 Proposed Projects 91
10.6.2 Potential Impacts of Proposed Projects 92
10.6.3 Mitigation Measures 92
10.7.1 Issues and Strengths of the Health Sector 93
11 LABOUR AND HOME AFFAIRS 95
11.1.2 Strategic Plan for the Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs 95
11.3 LABOUR, CULTURE AND SOCIAL SERVICES 96
11.3.1 Youth and Culture 96
11.3.2 Botswana National Youth Council (BNYC) 97
11.3.3 Sports and Recreation 97
11.3.4 Information and Broadcasting 97
11.3.5 Civil and National Registration 98
11.3.6 National Library Services 98
11.3.7 NGOs, Community Based and Voluntary Organizations 98
11.4 LABOUR, CULTURE AND SOCIAL SERVICE SECTOR GOALS AND
OBJECTIVES 99
11.5.1 Evaluation of environmental key issues with sector goals and objectives 99
11.6 STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE LABOUR, CULTURE AND SOCIAL
SERVICE SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 100
12 MINERALS, ENERGY AND WATER 102
12.1.2 Strategic Plans for various ministries 104
12.1.3 The role of the Private Sector 104
12.1.4 Consultation priorities 104
12.2.1 Mineral Sector 105
12.2.2 Energy Sector 105
12.2.3 Water Sector 106
viii
12.3 MINING, ENERGY AND WATER 106
12.3.1 Mining Sector 106
12.3.2 Energy Sector 107
12.3.3 Water Sector 107
12.4 MINERALS, ENERGY AND WATER SECTOR GOALS AND
OBJECTIVES 108
12.4.1 Mineral Sector Goals and Objective 108
12.4.2 Energy Sector Goals and Objectives 108
12.4.3 Water Sector goals and objectives 108
12.6 STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 110
12.7.2 Development Budget 111
13 WORKS, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS 112
13.1.2 Strategic plans for respective ministries 113
13.2 NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION. 114
13.2.1 Road Traffic Act 114
13.2.2 National Road Safety Policy 114
13.2.3 Telecommunications Policy 114
13.2.4 Roads Transport Permit Act 114
13.2.5 Town and Country Planning Act 114
13.3 WORKS, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS. 114
13.3.1 Meteorological Services 114
13.3.2 Roads 114
13.3.3 Transport and Road Safety 115
13.3.4 Postal Services 115
13.3.5 Department of Architecture and Building Services (DABS) 115
13.3.6 Central Transport Organisation (CTO) 115
13.3.7 Telecommunications (BTC) 116
13.4 TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS GOALS AND OBJECTIVES. 116
13.4.1 Meteorological Services 116
13.4.2 Roads 116
13.4.3 Transport and Road Safety 116
13.4.4 Department of Architectural and Building Services. 116
13.5 FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIROMENTAL ASSESSMENT. 117
13.5.1 Assessment of Environmental Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives 117
13.5.2 Evaluation of Sector Policies and Programms 117
13.6 STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE WORKS, TRANSPORT AND
COMMUNICATION GOALS AND OBJECTIVES. 118
13.7 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR UDP 2. 118
13.7.1 Development Budget 118
ix
13.7.2 Plan Monitoring and Review. 118
14 LAW, JUSTICE AND SECURITY 120
14.2.1 Bye-Law Enforcement Section 122
14.2.2 Botswana Local Police Act 122
14.2.3 Employment of Non Citizens Act 123
14.2.4 Botswana Police Act 123
14.2.5 1Trade and Liquor Act 123
14.2.6 Road Traffic Act 123
14.2.7 Immigration Act 123
14.2.8 Customs and Excise Act 123
14.2.9 Magistrate Act 124
14.3 LAW JUSTICE AND SECURITY 124
14.3.1 Customary Law and Courts 124
14.3.2 Police 124
14.3.3 Immigration 124
14.3.4 Customs And Exercise 125
14.3.5 Fire Services 125
14.3.6 Magistrate 126
14.3.7 Labour and Social Security 126
14.4 LAW, JUSTICE AND SECURITY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 126
14.4.2 Botswana Police Service 126
14.4.3 Customs And Excise 127
14.4.4 Botswana Local Police 127
14.4.6 Bye-Law Enforcement 127
14.5 FRAME WORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 127
14.6 STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE LAW JUSTICE AND SECURITY SECTOR,
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 128
14.6.2 Botswana Police Service 128
14.6.3 Customs And Exercise 129
14.6.4 Botswana Local Police 129
14.6.6 Bye-Law Enforcement 129
15 LOCAL GOVERNMENT 132
x
15.1.3 The Consultation Process 133
15.2.1 District Administration 135
15.2.2 Tribal Administration 135
15.2.3 Town Council 135
15.3 LOCAL GOVERNMENT 137
15.3.1 Urban Councils 137
15.3.2 Tribal Administration 138
15.3.3 District Administration 138
15.4 LOCAL GOVERNMENT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 138
15.5 STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SECTOR GOALS
AND OBJECTIVES 140
16 CONTINGENCY PLANNING 145
16.1.1 Disaster Relief Sector Priorities 145
16.1.2 The role of the Private Sector 145
16.2.1 National Disaster Management Plan 146
16.2.2 National Food Security Strategy 146
16.3 CONTINGENCY PLANS 146
17 PLAN MONITORING AND EVALUATION 148
17.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ACTIVITIES 148
17.3 FINANCIAL AND PERSONNEL CONSTRAINTS 148
17.4 PROPOSED PLAN MONITORING ACTIVITIES DURING UDP2 149
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A: URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING MATRIX 150
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1 Employment Statistics 5
Table 2.1 Primary Education Facilities Successfully Put Up During UDP 1 (Up To
March 2001) 9
Table 2.2 Primary Education Projects Currently Under Construction 9
xi
Table 2.3 FAP Funded Projects 10
Table 2.4 Training Activities 10
Table 3.1 Evaluation Of Policies And Programms Against Overall Goals And
Objectives For UDP II 23
Table 4.1 Town Environmental Action Program 28
Table 4.2 Environmental Conservation Performance Targets For UDP 2 29
Table 4.3 Environmental Conservation Development Budget For UDP 2 29
Table 5.1 Strategies to Achieve Land Use Planning Sector Goals and Objectives For
UDP 2 36
Table 5.2 Land Use Planning Performance Targets for UDP II 37
Table 5.3 Land Use Planning Development Budget for UDP 2 38
Table 6.1 Strategies to Achieve Settlement and Housing Goals and Objectives 44
Table 6.2 Settlement and Housing Performance Targets 45
Table 6.3 Development Expenditure for The Settlement and Housing Sector 46
Table 7.1 Strategic Plans for Respective Ministries 48
Table 7.2 Crop Production and Forestry Sub Sector Goals and Objectives 50
Table 7.3 Animal Health and Production Sub Sector Goals and Objetives 50
Table 7.4 Cooperatives Sub Sector Goals and Objectives 50
Table 7.5 Crop Production and Forestry Sub-Sector Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and
Objectives 51
Table 7.6 Animal Health and Production Sub-Sector Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and
Objectives 51
Table 7.7 Cooperatives Sub-Sector Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives 51
Table 7.8 Evaluation Of Sector Policies And Programmes 51
Table 7.9 Strategies To Achieve Crop Production And Forestry Sector Goals And Objectives 52
Table 7.10 Strategies to Achieve Animal Health and Production Sub Sector Goals and Objectives 52
Table 7.11 Strategies to Achieve Cooperatives Sub Sector Goals and Objectives 52
Table 7.12 Development Expenditure and Performance Targets for the Agriculture
Sector 53
Table 8.1 Tourism Enterprises and Ownership Status 56
Table 8.2 Trade, Industry, Wildlife and Tourism Sector Goals and Objectives 58
Table 9.1 Total Enrolment of Jwaneng Town Council‟s Primary Schools 65
Table 9.2 JC/BGCSE BOCODOL Enrolment Statistics 2001/2002 [Per Subject] - Junior Certificate 66
Table 9.3 Subjects offered 66
Table 9.4 Strategies to Achieve Pre-Primary Education Sector Goals and Objectives 72
Table 9.5 Strategies to Achieve Primary Education Sector Goals and Objectives 72
Table 9.6 Strategies to Achieve Secondary Education Sector Goals and Objectives 73
Table 9.7 Strategies to Achieve Vocational Education Sector Goals and Objectives 73
Table 9.8 Strategies to Achieve Non Formal Education Sector Goals and Objectives 74
Table 9.9 Development Budget and Performance Targets for Pre-Primary Education 75
Table 9.10 Development Budget and Performance Targets for Primary Education 75
Table 9.11 Development Budget and Performance Targets for Secondary Education 76
Table 9.12 Development Budget and Performance Targets for Vocational Education 76
Table 9.13 Development Budget and Performance Targets for Non Formal Education 76
Table 10.1 Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives 90
Table 10.2 Potential Impacts of Proposed Projects 92
Table 10.3 Issues and Strengths of the Health Sector 93
Table 10.4 Development Budget for UDP II 93
Table 11.1 Labour, Culture and Social Services Sector Goals and Objectives 99
Table 11.2 Strategies to achieve labour, culture and social services sector goals and
objectives 100
Table 11.3 Performance Targets for UDP II 101
Table 11.4 Development Budget for the Labour and Home Affairs Sector 101
Table 12.1 Jwaneng Mine Employment Forecast 102
Table 12.2 Strategic Plans For Various Ministries 104
xii
Table 12.3 Topsoil Stripping During 2003 – 2007 106
Table 12.4 Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives 109
Table 12.5 Evaluation of Sector Policies and Programmes 110
Table 12.6 Strategies to Achieve Sector Goals and Objectives 110
Table 13.1 Strategic Plans for Respective Ministries 113
Table 13.2 Assessment of Environmental Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives 117
Table 13.3 Strategies to Achieve Works, Transport and Communication Goals and
Objectives 118
Table 13.4 Development Expenditure for the Works, Transport and Communications
Sector 118
Table 14.1 Reported Cases in Jwaneng 124
Table 14.2 People Entering and Leaving the Country in the Years 2001 and 2002 125
Table 14.3 Activities Carried out by the Jwaneng Immigration Office During the Years 2001 and 2002. 125
Table 14.4 Immigration Sector Goals and Objectives 126
Table 14.5 Botswana Police Service Sector Goals and Objectives 126
Table 14.6 Customs And Excise Sector Goals And Objectives 127
Table 14.7 Botswana Local Police Sector Goals And Objectives 127
Table 14.8 Labour and Social Security Sector Goals and Objectives 127
Table 14.9 Byelaw Enforcement Sector Goals and Objectives 127
Table 14.10 Fire Services Sector Goals and Objectives 127
Table 14.11 Strategies To Achieve Immigration Sector Goals and Objectives 128
Table 14.12 Strategies to Achieve Botswana Police Service Sector Goals and
Objectives 128
Table 14.13 Strategies To Achieve Customs and Exercise Sector Goals and Objectives 129
Table 14.14 Strategies to Achieve Botswana Local Police Sector Goals and Objectives 129
Table 14.15 Strategies To Achieve Labour and Social Security Sector Goals and
Objectives 129
Table 14.16 Strategies to Achieve Bye Law Enforcement Sector Goals and Objectives 129
Table 14.17 Strategies to Achieve Fire Services Sector Goals and Objectives 130
Table 14.18 Performance Targets And Resource Requirements for UDP II 130
Table 15.1 Resource Requirements for LG104 - Local Authority Fleet Development 140
Table 15.2 Resource Requirements for LG 901 – Customary Courts 140
Table 15.3 Resource Requirements for LG 1103 - Recreational Facilities 141
Table 15.4 Resource Requirements for LG 1105 - Rural Administration Centres and
Offices 141
Table 15.5 Resource Requirements for LG 1107 – Labour Intensive Public Works 141
Table 15.6 Resource Requirements for LG 1109 – Community Projects 142
Table 15.7 Resource Requirements For LG 1112 - Municipal Services 142
Table 15.8 Resource Requirements for LG 1114 – Urban Sewerage 142
LIST OF ACRONYMS
NC Antenatal Care
AZT Zidovudine
AHP Animal Health And Production
AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
ALDEP Arable Lands Development Programme
ALSP Accelerated Lands Servicing Programme
BEDIA Botswana Export Development And Investment Authority
BMC Botswana Meat Commission
BNYC Botswana National Youth Council
BOBS Botswana Bureau of Standards
BOCODOL Botswana College of Distance Learning
BOFWA Botswana Family Welfare Association
xiii
BOTA Botswana Training Authority
BPC Botswana Power Corporation
CAP Chapter
CBD Central Business District
CEDA Citizen Entrepreneurial Development Agency
CHBC Community Home Based Care
CHBCP Community Home Based Care Programme
CPF Crop Production and Forestry
CVA Cerebra Vascular Accident
DABS Department of Architectural Buildings Services
DAHP Department of Animal Health and Production
DCC Day Care Centres
DEMS Department Electrical and Mechanical Services
DVET Department of Vocational Education and Training
DWA Department of Water Affairs
DYC District Youth Council
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMS Environmental Management System
EU Environmental Unit
FAP Financial Assistance Programme
GDP Gross Domestic Products
BGCSE Botswana General Certificate of Secondary Education
HBCB Home Based Care Programme
HIV Human Immune Virus
IFS Integrated Field Services
IPT Isoniazed Preventive Therapy
JC Junior Certificate
JTC Jwaneng Town Council
Jtec Jwaneng Technical College
LA Local Authority
LAC Livestock Advisory Centre
LEA Local Enterprise Agency
LPP Local Procurement Programme
MFDP Ministry of Finance Development Planning
NAMPAADD National Master Plan for Arable Agricultural and Dairy Development
NDMO National Disaster Management Office
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
PACT Peer Approach to Counselling by Teens
PLWHA People Living with HIV/AIDS
PMS Performance Management System
PMTCT Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission
PNC Post Natal Care
SBPA Small Business Promotion Agency
SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment
SHHA Self Help Housing Agency
SMME Small Medium and Micro Enterprises
TB Tuberculosis
TGLP Tribal Grazing Land Policy
UCCSA United Congregational Church of Southern Africa
UDC Urban Development Committee
UDP Urban Development Plan
VCT Voluntary Counselling and Testing
VET Vocational Education Training
WHO World Health Organization
WUC Water Utilities Corporation
xiv
xv
CHAPTER ONE
1 TOWN AND PEOPLE
1.1 URBAN GEOGRAPHIC SETTING
1.1.1 Location and Size
Jwaneng is located almost in the middle of what is generally referred to as the Southeast
Region, consisting of the districts of Kgatleng, Kweneng, Southeast and the towns of Lobatse
and Gaborone. Jwaneng thus forms part of the Southeast settlement structure and contributes
to the infrastructure of the region.
Jwaneng is located within the Southern District, which is the sixth largest district in the
country. Jwaneng planning area occupies approximately 340 square kilometres and it is the
second smallest town in the country after Sowa Township.
1.2 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT

1.2.1 Governance
The Ministry of Local Government is represented by 3 local authorities, these being, the
Town Council, the Tribal and the District Administration. Also represented are the Ministries
of Agriculture, Labour and Home Affairs; the State President; Education; Trade and Industry;
and the Administration of Justice.
1.2.2 Coordination of plans

General coordination of departmental and local authorities‟ plans and activities is carried out
via the Urban Development Committee; and its sub committees such as the Child Welfare
Committee, and the Multi-sectoral HIV/AIDS Committee; which are chaired by the District
Officer, assisted by the Town Clerk. The Mine and the hospital are represented at these
meetings.
The Town Council, on the other hand, manages its business by use of the Full Council and its
sub committees.
1.2.3 Communications and Linkages

Jwaneng lies 80 km west of Kanye, along the main highway to Ghanzi. Its position makes it
the „gateway‟ to Kgalagadi, Ghanzi, Southern and Kweneng Districts. The Sir Seretse Khama
Highway passes through Jwaneng, and joins the highway from Sekoma to Ghanzi commonly
known as the Trans-Kgalagadi Highway.
Jwaneng plays a role as a service centre for the villages along this road. There is ungazzetted
road, which runs northwards along the pipeline to the Magagarapa well fields connecting the
central areas of Kweneng to Jwaneng.
1.3 TOWN ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES
1.3.1 Climate
The annual rainfall is between 400 and 450 millimetres (mm). Rainfall is almost exclusively
confined to a few weeks in the wet season (October – March) and on average the total of
1
about 450 mm is recorded during this period. It is only in these weeks that rainfall
approaches or exceeds evaporation.
1.3.2 Topography
Jwaneng is situated at an altitude of 1 200 meters above sea level. The ground slopes down
very gently from two sides towards the Naledi Valley, which descends from the southeast
towards northwest. The valley is considered to have been an ancient riverbed. The average
slope of the ground in the area where the town is located is roughly 1:500m, which is equal to
2 meters per kilometre. This area does not seem to be very much affected by erosion.
Dongas are rare, unless they are man made ones.
The only topographic feature, of significance, is a small hill of approximately 6 meters in

height located close to Jwaneng.
1.3.3 Geomorphology
Generally, the superficial cover of the Kalahari semi-desert, which comprises of loose sands,
blankets the Jwaneng area and various crates with bedrock found at a depth of 30 meters. The
bedrock in Jwaneng comprises argillaceous sediments of the Transvaal Super Group within
which diamondiferous kimberlites were intruded.
1.3.4 Hydrology
Water in Jwaneng is extracted from wells located north of Jwaneng. The Boreholes were
drilled through a reliable Ecca Sandstone aquifer. The underground water in this aquifer
flows in a northwesterly direction. The Ecca Sandstone aquifer is reliable, and with current
consumption levels, the wells are expected to last more than the lifetime of the mine,
estimated to be 30 years.
1.3.5 Natural Resources

1.3.5.1 Soils
The soils in Jwaneng are of a sandveld type. The sandveld is almost flat to gently undulating
with vast low-lying areas in between higher areas. The dominant soils in the higher areas are
very deep, reddish brown to strong brown sands with lamellae of clay accumulation which
occur at about 80-100 cm depth, or are absent on even higher areas.
The soils in low-lying areas are also very deep but textures are loamy sand with lamellae of
clay accumulation occurring at shallower depths. The soils in the sandveld are not suitable for
cultivation.
1.3.5.2 Vegetation
Vegetation types are closely correlated with climate. The vegetation structure in Jwaneng
ranges from grassland to tree savannah.
1.3.5.3 Wildlife
Wildlife is virtually non-existent in the town, except for some few animals in the golf course
area. The mining company operates a Wildlife Park in the mine lease area. The park is
currently home to species as diverse as ostrich, kudu, impala, hartebeests, springbok,
gemsbok, eland, zebra, giraffe, duiker, steenbok & hyena
2
1.3.5.4 Energy
Firewood is still the major source of energy in terms of cooking, particularly for low-income
earners who reside within the Self Help Housing Agency (SHHA) areas. However, firewood
is found quite a distance from the town. The other source of energy is solar power for those
who have the necessary equipment.
1.3.5.5 Water
The types of soils found in Jwaneng have a poor drainage system, which can hardly carry any
water even after intense rainfall. Rainwater disappears within a short space of time without
any meaningful usage. It is only institutions like schools with big water tanks, which are able
to make use of this rainwater. Generally, rainwater is not used, except for gardening purposes.
Rainfall is very erratic in this area.
The potable water used in the town is obtained from about 60 km north of the town, from an
underground source.
1.3.5.6 Minerals
Jwaneng Town came into being as a result of the diamonds, which were discovered in the
area. Diamond is the only mineral, which is being mined in Jwaneng. Mining of diamonds
started in 1982 and the future lifespan of this mine is estimated to be 24 years (i.e.2002 -
2026). Jwaneng Mine is the largest producer of diamonds in Botswana. However, after this
period the mining operations will change from open cast to underground mining according to
the mining company reports.
1.4 TOWN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

1.4.1 Culture
Jwaneng as an employment centre has attracted people of various ethnic backgrounds. The
majority of Jwaneng residents are Setswana speaking. The 1995 Jwaneng baseline study
revealed that the majority of people in the town originate from the Southern District, followed
by the Central District. Other districts are represented as well though in small numbers.
Jwaneng also has a significant number of expatriates who are mainly employed by the mining
company and the Jwaneng Town Council.
1.4.2 Population characteristics

Population analysis facilitates the production of a realistic development plan. It is therefore
important to analyse the existing and future population characteristics, distribution, growth
trends and density as all these have a strong bearing on the provision of services.
To appreciate the characteristics of the Jwaneng population, comparisons will be made as well
as deductions, from the population factors as presented by the 2001 Botswana census.
The census shows that the population of this town has increased from 11,188 (1991) to 15,179
(2001), showing an increase of 35.7%. Projections made by this census are that the
population will have increased to 25, 468 in 2010, in spite of the crude death rate of
12.4/1000, and the crude birth rate of 28.8/1000.
3
1.4.3 Population Distribution & Density
The population of 15,179 is made up of 7,613 males and 7,566 females, who are distributed in
4,681 households. In 1991 the household size was 3.8, which decreased tremendously to 3.1
in 2001. However, the population distribution increased from 0.8 % in 1991 to 0.9 % in 2001.
Likewise, the population density increased from 112 in 1991 to 152 in 2001.
1.4.4 Settlement Pattern

The town is divided into 7 Environmental Units, which predominantly have houses
constructed for the Jwaneng Mine staff. Environmental units 1, 2 and 3 are almost all fully
developed, and these constitute a densely populated area as they make up a good percentage
of SHHA houses. The settlement pattern is mixed as SHHA, Debswana, Botswana Housing
Corporation, and others are located side by side.
1.4.5 Migration
The population explosion that Jwaneng experienced during the last inter-censul period is
partly attributed to a high net inflow of migrants. These migrants are from all over the
country and outside. The reasons for migration to Jwaneng include:
Employment opportunities offered by the mining industry and related

industries.
The development of social services in Jwaneng which renders the town more
attractive as a place of residence.
The prolonged drought and scarcity of water in the rural areas around Jwaneng.
Lack of or scarce employment opportunities in the surrounding villages.
Due to being situated in the Southern district, the short and/or long term visits
by migrants are bound to affect the services provided by all organizations
present as some services provided may be perceived to be better. Therefore, the
town will experience a constant movement in, and out of town.
Mine/Government employees are transferable, though regularly replaced. This
will also cause a fluctuation of the number of people in town, at any given
moment.
1.4.6 Population Projections and Prospects

Jwaneng owes its existence to the mine. This implies that if the diamond mine was to close,
the town would experience a population decline.
However, as it is depicted in the Jwaneng UDPII, the development of Environmental Unit 8

and the Central Business District (North) are likely to attract more people who will move into
the town, for purposes of acquisition of both commercial and/or residential plots and therefore
settling in town. This would therefore put an overall pressure on existing services, such as
schools, clinics, while it would also require upgrading and expansion of some services such as
the sewerage system, domestic waste management, provision of potable water, electricity, and
so on. Though, on the other hand the census depicts a drop of the household size, from 3.8
(1991) to 3.1 (2001).
1.4.7 Poverty and Poverty alleviation

The Ministry of Local Government policies and programs are used to address issues
pertaining to poverty. These include destitution, small projects and orphan-hood programs;
4
while programs by the Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs are used to provide technical
advice to help the youth prepare for employment.
a. The Ministry of Agriculture has programs toward poverty alleviation, which
indirectly benefit the town.
b. To create employment, the Town Council is facilitating availability of 30 plots for
commercial purposes. A bus rank with market stalls and an amusement/learning
park are planned to be constructed. These, it is hoped, will help generate incomes
and reduce poverty.
1.4.8 Employment and Unemployment

Table 1.1 shows the employment and unemployment statistics of the town as per the 2001
census.
Table 1.1 Employment Statistics

Employment/Unemployment Number
Not applicable 3475
Seasonal work paid 151
Seasonal work unpaid 44
Non seasonal work paid 6041
Non seasonal work unpaid 126
Job seeker 1400
Home maker 1257
Student 2558
Retired 48
Sick 71
Other 3
Unknown 5
Total 15 179
Source: Central Statistics Office 2001
1.5 TOWN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

1.5.1 Major Economic Developments
The economic base of Jwaneng is dominated by mining activities and related construction
work. Secondary manufacturing industries have not yet emerged. Only a few enterprises like
brick moulding and panel beating are in operation.
There are major commercial activities taking place within the Central Business District
(CBD). Located within the CBD are commercial operations such as butcheries, shops, bars,
bottle stores as well as hawkers and vendors.
The service sector however seems to have developed well. The generally high purchasing
power of the mine employees has promoted the development of a number of retail businesses
as well as wholesalers, banks and other commercial establishments. This is certainly of
benefit to people in the surrounding areas.
Being located in a remote and sparsely populated area, Jwaneng has potential for growing into
a commercial and service centre because of the availability of serviced land. The economic
5
activities in the surrounding areas are concentrated more on traditional subsistence agriculture
and to a certain extent on commercial cattle ranching.
While the Jwaneng Mine has a tremendous economic impact nationally, the overall role of
Jwaneng in the development of economic activities in the region seems to be restricted to
being an employment centre for mining activities and a commercial centre for western
Kweneng, Ngwaketse, Kgalagadi and Ghanzi Districts.
1.5.2 Major Infrastructure Development

1.5.2.1 Road Network
A reliable and effective road network is important as it facilitates transportation linkages
between towns and settlements. It promotes the movement of both goods and passenger traffic
between settlements, and movement of agricultural goods, (For example, livestock) etc. to
market centres. This in turn, facilitates the growth of settlements and towns. The Sir Seretse
Khama Highway passes through Jwaneng. This road links the southern and far western areas
of the country to the more developed eastern corridor.
Other roads in the region are mainly gravel or sand tracks. This tarmacked road forms part of
the Trans-Kalahari Highway, which links Botswana to Namibia and South Africa. The
positive impacts of the highway on Jwaneng are being felt because of motorists who make a
stopover in Jwaneng, for shopping etc., thus promoting business within the town. All streets
within the township are tarred and lit apart from a small portion of access roads. Almost all
the streetlights are now monitored with the aid of a telemetric monitoring system.
1.5.2.2 Sewerage
The sewerage ponds were expanded during NDP 7 to cater for Environmental units 6 and 7.
The area set aside for sewerage ponds is not enough to cater for future expansion of the town.
An additional fifteen hectares of land will be required to cater for the anticipated expansion of
the sewerage ponds.
1.5.2.3 Storm Water Drainage

There is a natural storm water drainage due to the sandy soil conditions. There are also
culverts constructed along all the roads within the town to facilitate easy movement of storm
water.
1.5.2.4 Communications
Jwaneng is well served by both road and air traffic. There are daily mine flights between
Jwaneng and South Africa. The Jwaneng airfield is also opened for other air users.
Telecommunication, as well as postal services is well provided. There are also daily bus
services between Kanye and Jwaneng as well as Jwaneng and the districts of Kgalagadi and
Ghanzi.
1.6 STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PRINCIPLES

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is an environmental assessment applied at the
strategic level of the planning hierarchy, that is, policies, plans and programmes. Analysis of
potential environmental consequences at this level performed concurrently and interactively
with the planning process enables incorporation of environmental considerations into plans,
policies and programmes.
6
The Strategic Environmental Assessment will examine the effect of overall goals and
objectives and sector goals and objectives on policies and programmes. The intention of SEA
focuses on strategic or priority issues and creates guidelines or terms of reference and criteria
to address detailed issues later at planning stages. SEA examines the effect of development on
environment and has potential to inform policy and plan making, thus promoting sustainable
development and ensuring informed decision-making.
7
CHAPTER TWO
2 REVIEW OF THE UDP1 AND LONG TERM
DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL
2.1 INTRODUCTION
Preparations for the Jwaneng Urban Development Plan 1 (UDP 1) started in early 1996. The
whole plan formulation process took almost a year to complete, with the final document ready
early 1997. UDP1 and NDP8, both with a six-year planning horizon were designed to run
concurrently.
2.2 THE UDP1 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES WERE AS FOLLOWS:

Achieving Economic Diversification through:
a. Provision of adequate serviced land

b. Encouraging the setting up of all types of manufacturing industries in Jwaneng,
especially those related to servicing the mine.
c. Introducing special incentive packages for entrepreneurs investing in Jwaneng.
d. Timely delivery / allocation of serviced land to potential investors.
e. Maintaining the current status of Jwaneng as the commercial centre and
administrative headquarters for Ngwaketse West by:
f. Providing an integrated office block for central government departments.
g. Encouraging the development of all allocated plots within the CBD.
h. Setting up of wholesalers.
i. To establish Jwaneng as a residential centre through:
j. Provision of social amenities.
k. Encouraging people to construct permanent houses by provision of adequate residential
plots
l. Affordable prices for residential plots.
m. To improve health standards and achieve the goals of Health for All by the year
2016.
n. To implement the Revised National Policy on Education.
o. To act as tourist transit point to the Kalahari & Namibia.
p. To act as Trans-Kalahari highway route centre.
2.3 ACHIEVEMENTS/OPPORTUNITIES OF THE URBAN

DEVELOPMENT PLAN ONE
In terms of the implementation of the Urban Development Plan One there have been a number
of significant achievements.
2.3.1 Social
Achievements have been made in the provision of social amenities such as primary schools,
children‟s parks and sporting facilities as well as the establishment of Mpule Kwelagobe‟s
8
Children‟s orphan home. Although some achievements were made there is still a backlog of
education facilities. Table 2.1 depicts facilities that have been successfully put up.
Table 2.1 Primary Education Facilities Successfully Put Up During UDP 1 (Up To
March 2001)
School C/rooms Science rooms Dining hall Kitchen School bus
Dinonyane 2 1 1 1 -
Teemane 2 1 1 1 -
Kgalagadi 2 1 1 1 -
Total 6 3 3 3 1
Source: Education Department (JTC, 2001)
Table 2.2 Primary Education Projects Currently Under Construction

School Resource Centre Teachers quarters C/rooms Dining hall
Dinonyane - 6 2 -
Teemane 1 6 4 -
Kgalagadi 1 6 - -
Jwana - 6 - 1
Total 2 24 6 1
Source: Education Department (JTC, 2001)
2.3.2 Economic
The economic achievements are as follows:
a. The establishment of a twinning program with the City of Kimberly in South

Africa. Part of the agreement is for the two sister towns to assist each other in the
attraction of investors to the two towns.
b. Pursuant to the objective of economic diversification of the town, attempts were
made to develop a marketing strategy of the town. The strategy is being developed
with assistance from the City of Kimberly. The aim of the strategy is to lure
investors to Jwaneng.
c. The establishment of the Integrated Field Services Offices in Jwaneng. This Office
was responsible for administering the FAP in Jwaneng, which was previously
administered from Kanye. FAP has been the main incentive programme used by
Jwaneng town to stimulate investment, create more job opportunities and diversify
the economy of Jwaneng away from diamond mining.
d. Revival of the State Land Allocation Committee in Jwaneng. Amongst other
things, this committee is charged with the responsibility of assisting genuine
investors acquire land, be it commercial or industrial.
e. Introduction of the Small, Medium & Micro Enterprises (SMME) scheme by
Central Government.
f. Economic Empowerment and Poverty Alleviation Programme benefits. From 1998
until 2001, 126 female participants graduated from training and 16 of them got
engaged in the FAP funded sewing projects.
9
Table 2.3 shows the FAP funded projects approved and employment created since the office
became operational in Jwaneng 2000.
Table 2.3 FAP Funded Projects
Sector/Type Approved Currently Operating Number of the People
Employed
Sewing & Knitting 16 9 21
Brick moulding 4 4 24
Printing 2 0 0
Welding 2 0 0
Meat processing 1 0 0
Carpentry 1 0 0
Total 26 13 45
Source: IFS Office -Jwaneng, 2001
Table 2.4 Training Activities

Year No. Of projects applied Type of projects No. Of beneficiaries Approved
1998-1999 6 Sewing 6 6
1999-2000 4 Sewing 4 4
2000-2001 6 Sewing 6 6
2001-2002 20 Sewing 20 4
Total 36 4 36 20
Source: Social & Community Development (JTC) -2002
2.3.3 Environmental
The key environmental issues facing the town during UDP1 included the following:
2.3.3.1 Land Pressure

Scarcity of serviced land contributed to developments in non-serviced areas, specifically
Environmental Unit 8 where a new fire station has been built. Self-allocation of land either for
residential or for commercial purposes, by way of squatting was also a major problem in the
town. On the other hand, some serviced and allocated land in the town remained undeveloped.
This includes residential, commercial and industrial plots. Environmental nuisances such as
litter, squatting, overgrown vegetation, pest infestation, to mention but a few, arose from this
undeveloped land.
2.3.3.2 Extraction/Excavation of Mineral Resources

Construction projects in Jwaneng were approved without any Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) studies undertaken, save for the landfill project that had a full EIA.
Extraction of sand in the outskirts of the town by the construction industry has as a result
generated considerable concern. The topsoil has been removed in some areas, totally
displacing the native flora and fauna. Some large open burrow pits were abandoned without
any rehabilitation measures put in place. Some residents took advantage and used the burrow
pits as dumping pits.
10
2.3.3.3 Pollution and Waste Management
Overflowing sewage remained a common phenomenon in the town, more
especially at Environmental units 1, 2, and 4.
Poor management of garden waste is still a topical issue in Jwaneng.
Informal activities such as the mushrooming of street vendors, hawkers and
shebeens are not adequately regulated, resulting in littering and indiscriminate
excreta disposal in some areas of the town. Noise pollution from such areas is
also on the increase.
The indiscriminate disposal of used oil was also observed to be a potential
environmental threat as it could contaminate groundwater resources or render
valuable land derelict.
Bush fires and rubbish burning within the township caused localised air
pollution, exposing the inhabitants to respiratory tract health problems.
Although a block of public convenience facilities was built at the industrial
site, some need for more public toilets was felt in some areas of the town. This
is especially true for the cemetery where there are no toilets at all. It would also
be ideal to provide public toilets for designated public markets at respective
environmental units in the next plan period.
2.3.3.4 Biodiversity
Bushfires destroy flora and fauna, thus they are highly likely to limit species biodiversity and
unbalancing the ecosystem in and around Jwaneng.
In Jwaneng, vegetation control by way of cutting trees may be conflicting with a national
biodiversity strategy and action plan, which will be implemented during NDP9. Although
undocumented, it is probable that de-bushing could be having a negative impact on the habitat
of the native species. The likely consequence could be desertification if some species fail to
recover at all. An environmental impact assessment of the whole vegetation control strategy is
ideal.
2.3.4 Climate Change

Climate change is a global concern. The increase in temperatures have been predicted and
actually observed over the years and Jwaneng is no exception to this phenomenon. Currently,
there is no inventory or programme in place to monitor the use of ozone depleting substances
in the town.
The proliferation of some pest species has been observed in the town and it is most likely that
climate change has an important role to play in their breeding rate. Although the
Environmental Health Department continues to provide pest control services to the
community, some investigations into the actual reasons for invasive species in the town could
help in control measures.
2.3.5 Operational and Performance Indicators

Some planned projects and programmes for environmental management were undertaken
during UDP 1. These include:
The construction of the landfill that has significantly improved waste

management services in the town. Since the landfill started operating in
11
December 2002, indiscriminate dumping of waste, more especially garden
waste has greatly declined thus enhancing the cleanliness of the town.
Waste management and sanitation services are now regulated in the Waste
Management Act 1998 and are the mandate of the Department of Sanitation
and Waste Management. Plans to implement the provisions of the Act in
Jwaneng are underway.
Rehabilitation of the old landfill and some burrow pits has also improved the
image of the town. The Jwaneng Town Council is also in the process of
identifying more suitable sites where sand and gravel could be sourced. The
objective here is to prevent any further environmental degradation caused by
extraction of these materials. Environmental impacts of such mining will be
taken into consideration and appropriate licensing procedures will be put into
place. This plan will spill over to UDP2 and it will be undertaken under
recurrent budget.
Construction of the public convenience facilities at industrial site will improve
access to excreta disposal facilities and reduce the incidence of diarrhoeal
diseases.
A consultancy was engaged to investigate the problems of sewage overflow in
the town. The results provided information of mitigation measures and more
specifically the upgrading and/or overhauling of the whole sewerage system
including the pump stations and sewage ponds all of which are to be
implemented in the next plan period.
Environmental Units 8 and 9 are planned to be serviced during UDP2. It is
hoped that this will reduce the land pressure experienced during UDP1. The
town noticed more plot development following the increase of the SHHA loan
from P6000.00 to P20 000.00 in 2000. Such development has improved the
general appearance of the town and also reduced public complaints on the
danger of bushy neighbourhoods. The squatting problem is currently being
handled by the Department of Lands together with the Attorney General‟s
Chambers. Plans are underway to evict the squatters. They have been
addressed and some have already moved to their respective places of origin.
2.3.6 Monitoring and Evaluation Strategy

Quarterly project reviews were undertaken together with the Ministry of Local Government to
review the progress and reprioritize the plans where necessary. Monthly progress reports for
all projects were presented to the Finance and General Purposes Committee of the Council.
The Department of Sanitation and Waste Management conducted waste audits on the
operation of the landfill and the registration and licensing of waste carriers and waste
management facilities.
2.4 CONSTRAINTS / CHALLENGES IN UDP 1
2.4.1 Social and Economic
Though giant strides have been made in achieving the broad goals & objectives, failures have
also been recorded. The failures have been summarised as follows:
2.4.1.1 Delay in allocation of serviced land

The delay in the allocation of serviced land (be it residential, commercial & industrial) has
been one of the constraints during UDP1. As a result there has been a mushrooming of
squatters all over the town. The town has also lost potential investors, who otherwise would
have invested in Jwaneng, had serviced land been availed. The absence of plots has hampered
the implementation of community projects as well.
12
The Accelerated Land Servicing Programme (ALSP) has not been able to meet the overall
demand for residential, commercial, industrial or civic and community plots. Potential
entrepreneurs still have to wait for up to five or more years before they can be allocated plots.
Currently there are about 26 churches without plots, despite having submitted their
applications to the Department of Lands many years ago. In fact only 3 out of 29 churches
have been allocated plots ever since the programme was introduced in Jwaneng in 1990.
The shortage of residential and civic & community plots has resulted to the mushrooming of
squatter settlements in the town. Currently it is estimated that there are 1426 squatters in
Jwaneng.
Failure by the Department of Lands to enforce the 4-year development period has also
exacerbated problems of shortage of serviced land. There exist many allocated- undeveloped
residential, commercial & industrial plots all over the town, some date back as far as 1991. If
the Department of Lands repossessed all the allocated land within the stipulated four-year
period, such action would encourage those just allocated to develop before the stipulated four-
year period elapsed. Repossession of plots for reallocation has also not been possible as the
political wing of the council is not in favour of such action. Lack of political will to repossess
plots has also contributed to the high rate of undeveloped plots, service levy & SHHA loan
arrears.
Regarding the SHHA scheme, the Jwaneng Town Council has not managed to meet the
demand for SHHA plots during the Planning period under review as evidenced by the
increase in the SHHA waiting list from 799 during 1996/97 to 974 during the 1998/99 and the
mushrooming of squatters at the town‟s industrial area. Currently the waiting list is 1935 and
it continues to increase.
Quite a significant number of SHHA plots remain undeveloped many years after they have
been allocated. This problem is also attributed to the almost impossible task of distinguishing
between genuine land developers and land grabbers/speculators, which the Department is
supposed to do, before any allocation can be effected.
2.4.1.2 Collapse of FAP projects

Most FAP projects have collapsed because of poor monitoring due to a shortage of staff.
Technical advice and support from IFS was not always readily available because the same
staff attended to clients, processed FAP applications & monitored approved projects. Some
projects which collapsed could have been saved had the necessary support from the IFS office
been rendered.
2.4.1.3 Backlog of planned primary education projects

There is a backlog of planned projects under primary education. Up to March 2001, only 21%
of the planned projects had been implemented. The failure to meet the target was attributed to
the low implementation capacity of the Jwaneng Town Council, poor performance of
contractors (both citizen owned and expatriates) and inadequate funding from the Ministry of
Local Government.
2.4.1.4 Absence of adult basic education and training policy

Under Non-Formal Education, the absence of an Adult Basic Education and Training Policy
greatly hampered the efficient implementation of the programme. The condition of service for
the literacy group leaders has proved to be a major constraint for the department because it
made it practically impossible to retain them in the literacy programme. The other problem
13
that crippled the operation of the department in Jwaneng is the absence of suitable office
accommodation.
2.5 LONG TERM POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS

2.5.1 Development Potential
Jwaneng has potential for growing into a major commercial and service centre. The service
centre seems to have developed well. The generally high purchasing power of the mine
employees has promoted the development of a number of retail businesses as well as
wholesalers, banks and other commercial establishments. This is certainly of benefit to
communities in the surrounding villages that do their shopping in Jwaneng.
Mining activities and related construction work dominate the economic base of Jwaneng.
Secondary manufacturing industries are beginning to emerge. For example enterprises like
brick moulding and panel beating are now in operation and with the necessary support these
could grow into well-established industries.
Without doubt, tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the country and the third
largest revenue earner of government after diamonds and customs. Most tourism activities are
concentrated in the north where interest is on the unique flora and fauna and the Okavango
swamps. Jwaneng serves mainly as a transit route to these places.
However, a potential exists in Jwaneng, which needs to be fully exploited if the region is to be
a major tourist destination. Business tourists who use the Trans-Kgalagadi road could be
attracted to existing facilities such as the Game Park, monument and the recycled sewerage
water could be used to make attractive sites for recreation such as the planned Amusement
Park.
In addition, the Jwaneng Town Council is still looking into the possibility of establishing an
Information Centre to sufficiently market the town.
2.5.2 Development Constraints

There are many factors contributing to the slow pace of industrial and commercial
development in the town, but a few considered paramount are as follows:
a. The possible long-term economic insecurity of the mine, due mainly to the
uncertainty of the world diamond market.
b. The high prices paid for serviced land
c. The high construction costs
d. The small working population, which is estimated to be about 6 000.
2.6 LINKS TO NDP 9 THEME

Even though the theme for NDP9 is “Towards Realisation of Vision 2016: Sustainable and
Diversified Development through Competitiveness in Global Markets”, most of the
people at the grass root level know little about Vision 2016. A lot of effort needs to be put in
educating the public about the vision. The plan however, is in line with the vision as it shows
the need to diversify the economy of Jwaneng from diamond mining to other industries,
including tourism.
14
CHAPTER THREE
3 UDP2 DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
3.1 PLANNING FRAMEWORK
The planning process in Botswana is aimed at maximising benefits derived from the limited
financial resources available to government by prioritising policies, programmes and projects.
In recognition of the links between district and national planning, the Jwaneng Urban
Development 2 outlines development strategies, programmes and projects that will guide
Jwaneng for the next six years. This is essential for bottom-up planning as development is a
process of increasing people‟s capacity to determine their future.
3.1.1 Alignment to Vision 2016

The project proposals during UDP2/NDP9 planning period are as identified by people locally.
The proposed projects are in line with Vision 2016. The theme for NDP 9/UDP2 is “Towards
Realisation of Vision 2016: Sustainable and Diversified Development Competitiveness in
Global Markets”. For the vision therefore to be realized, strategies must be put in place to
increase production, impart skills to the local people and all to be committed to the vision.
The plan will be encompassing the vision in the following manner:
3.1.1.1 An Educated & Informed Nation

This plan does not only focus on the classroom situation for white-collar job training, but also
combines with blue-collar training. This is clearly indicated by the existence/operation of the
Jwaneng Technical College. There are both pre-schools, primary and Community Junior
Secondary Schools in the town. The examination performance of these schools is graded well
in the sense that Kgosimpe CJSS was top of the performance at a national level. The Councils
therefore plans to take on board the other schools to yield good results through provision of
adequate school facilities.
The council is intending to clear the UDP 1 backlog on provision of education facilities. The
township has no library facility denying both the children and adult learners the opportunity to
supplement the information they get from schools...
3.1.1.2 A Prosperous, Productive and Innovative Nation

Generally public performance in the township is poor. Different sectors have seriously put in
place the PMS and WITS interventions to address the productivity issue.
Programs like CEDA and FAP encourage people to venture into different types of businesses,
thus diversification of the economy will be achieved. The plan envisages that by the end of
the plan period at least a number of local residents will have started business projects through
these programs.
The Council is also trying to make provision of serviced land, both for residential and
commercial, the idea being to avail land for business people, which will then address the
problem of unemployment.
15
3.1.1.3 A Compassionate, Just and Caring Nation
This will be achieved through implementation of policies by departments such as those of the
S & CD for the poor.
The Mine Hospital and the two Jwaneng Town Council clinics provide preventive and
curative services. One council clinic is planned for this planning period to improve access to
health services. Areas in the periphery enjoy health services from the township even though
they are serviced by the Kanye/Moshupa (Southern District) catchment area sub-district.
In combating the spread of HIV/AIDS the district offers Voluntary Testing and Counselling
Centre services through Tebelopele Testing & Counseling Centre. The council clinics are also
offering the same. The Mine hospital administers the ARVs. A Home Based Care group is
already in existence to care for the sick at their places of abode.
The Masedi Project and other organizations support orphans and the sick with garden
produce. The project encourages abstinence from sex to the school going children. The project
is still at the teething stage but hopes to improve its services throughout the planning period.
3.1.1.4 A safe and secure nation

Services of Central and Local Police for combating crime locally include
reduction of crime through organisations (Crime Prevention Groups).
The Department of Women Affairs is to liaise with the UDC for Gender and
Development issues to reduce violence against women and children.
The Immigration department is to repatriate illegal immigrants in the township.
Road Safety – The Office of the Road, Transport & Safety is to impart
information on the road safety to the Jwaneng community.
Disaster Preparedness measures have been put in place through the Disaster
Management Office though the climatic conditions is semi-arid
Administration of Justice - wrong doers will be handled properly which
promote a sense of security.
3.1.1.5 An Open, Democratic and Accountable Nation

The IEC ensures public education as a way of addressing poor attendance of political fora.
IEC has embarked on public campaigns educating the community on their political rights.
Such campaigns are normally conducted through Kgotla meetings.
3.1.1.6 A Moral and Tolerant Nation and a United and Proud Nation
This plan envisages a proud community for Jwaneng residents in the sense that there exists an
abstinence group called Masedi Abstinence Group, which encourages the school going
children to abstain from sex before marriage. There are also consultations with religious
groups to promote moral ethnics among the community members. Pastors involved in the
fight against HIV/AIDS through the District Multi Sectoral Aids Committee are spearheading
the programme.
16
3.1.2 National Environmental Key Issues
The Environmental Keynote Paper of 2002 came as a result of concerns over equity between
and within generations and the need to use natural resources efficiently, fairly and sustainably.
The national issues are as outlined below:
3.1.2.1 Land
Pressure on land and its scarcity are leading towards conflict arising from inequitable land
distribution, competing livestock, arable and wildlife uses, speculative land acquisition, self
allocation, non development, increasing land disputes and dual grazing rights. These have led
to pressure on land, its scarcity and degradation.
3.1.2.2 Natural Resource Utilisation

Trends in wildlife population indicate stability or a decline in species with the exception of
protected species like elephants. Problem animals cause damage to natural resources and
community based natural resource management activities have expanded rapidly and
contribute significantly to rural incomes.
3.1.2.3 Water scarcity

Water consumption trends indicate increases, which make water to become a scarce resource.
Various water sources like boreholes and wells are drying up and underground water
resources (both known and unknown) are getting polluted. These points to the need for an
integrated water resources management programme.
3.1.2.4 Pollution and waste management

Localised air pollution occurs around mine operations, industrial areas, waste and mine
dumps. Veld fires and rubbish burning also increases air pollution and noise pollution is also
becoming an issue in urban areas. Land and soil pollution also takes place through littering
and unmonitored industrial practices.
3.1.2.5 Energy
Land degradation and indiscriminate cutting of live trees remains a serious concern for
firewood usage as a source of energy. Solar energy has great potential but it is not fully
utilised. The national electricity grid is also expanding and more electricity is imported
regionally.
3.1.3 District Key Issues

3.1.3.1 HIV/AIDS
Like the rest of the country, there is a very high prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the township
attributed to a number of factors some of which are unemployment, alcohol abuse, rape,
defilement and incest. The estimated infection rate of HIV/AIDS in the township is 34 %.
3.1.3.2 Waste disposal and littering

Littering and illegal waste dumping are common in Jwaneng. There has been an increase in
waste production over the years as a result of increase in population and business activities in
the township. This has resulted in indiscriminate waste disposal in some parts of the township.
Poor garden waste disposal and collection still remains problematic and this poses problems
for environmental pollution and harm to human and animal life.
17
3.1.3.3 Resource use
Deforestation is occurring as a result of cutting of some live trees for firewood and a
prevalence of veld fires in and around the planning area. There is plenty of wildlife in and
around the planning area, which the community could benefit from as a way of diversifying
the economy of the town
3.1.3.4 Unemployment
Like in the rest of the country, there is a very high unemployment rate in the township mainly
brought about by people migrating into town in search of employment opportunities, which
are also very scarce. However, upon not finding employment, people choose to hang around
the township without anywhere to stay resulting in squatting within the township.
3.1.3.5 Squatting and Overcrowding

Being a mining town, people continue to migrate into the town in search of job opportunities
and as such end up squatting mainly because there is a serious shortage of residential plots
and higher residential rentals. Squatting has resulted in overcrowding in the squatter areas.
3.1.3.6 Mushrooming of borrow pits

Jwaneng is a fast developing town characterised by a construction boom in most parts of the
town. This has resulted in indiscriminate extraction of sand and gravel within the planning
area and ultimately the mushrooming of burrow pits.
3.1.3.7 Veld fires

There have been a lot of veld fires in and around the planning area especially over the past
two years because of dry seasons resulting from the drought, which has hit the whole country.
3.1.3.8 Increased demand for serviced land

There has been an increased demand for serviced land in the township and this is evidenced
by the number of applications for residential, commercial and industrial plots, for example,
there is currently a backlog of at least 7 000 residential plots in the township and there are
currently 2100 residential plots in units 8 and 9, which have however not been serviced yet.
This has resulted in a serious shortage of residential plots.
3.1.3.9 Shortage of teachers‟ quarters

From the consultations the major outcry was with regards to the shortage of accommodation
for teachers.
3.1.3.10 Shortage of office accommodation for Central Government Departments
For a long time, central government departments have had a serious shortage of office
accommodation. Most central government offices operate from rented residential, commercial
and industrial premises. The offices are hence scattered and this makes accessibility by the
public very difficult, especially on foot, where people have to walk long distances from one
office to the other.
18
3.1.4 Strategic Plan For The Ministry Of Local Government
Being one of the stakeholders in the implementation of Vision 2016, the Ministry of Local
Government is committed to a competitive, customer focused centre of excellence in social
service delivery, development coordination and capacity building as well as maintaining a
transparent culture in keeping with the ideals of vision 2016. The Ministry of Local
Government‟s implementation of Vision 2016 will be realised through local authorities in the
township namely the Jwaneng Town Council, Tribal Administration and District
Administration, where goals and objectives of these local authorities will be aligned to the
Ministry‟s goals and objectives and ultimately to Vision 2016.
3.1.5 Long Term District Plans

3.1.5.1 South Eastern Region Master Plan
The South Eastern Region Master Plan comprises of the urban districts of Gaborone, Lobatse,
Jwaneng and the rural districts of Kweneng, Southern, Kgatleng and South East. The goal of
the South Eastern Region Master Plan is to promote economic growth and maintain
sustainable development in the region over a 24-year planning period, 2003 – 2027. The
preparation of the plan is still on going and has not been finalised. Consultants have been
engaged by the Department of Town and Regional Planning to prepare the plan.
3.1.5.2 Jwaneng Development Plan

The Jwaneng Development Plan will be a 24-year plan prepared in this plan period (UDP II)
to provide a statutory document that will guide and shape the future growth of Jwaneng
Planning Area.
3.2 UDP 2 OVERALL GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

3.2.1 UDP II Development Goals
Most of the goals of the UDP1 are still relevant for UDP 2 because some of the set goals have
not been fully achieved. These are
To diversify the economy of the Town

To monitor and implement the Revised National Policy on Education.
To improve health and safety standards.
To establish Jwaneng as a residential centre.
To maintain the current status of Jwaneng as a commercial centre
To enhance the status of Jwaneng as the transit point to the Kalahari and
Namibia.
To create employment opportunities through tourism activities, equitable local
participation in tourism projects and development of tourism awareness
through the town.
To provide an interface between the central government and the local people.
To provide social safety nets for the vulnerable and under privileged members
of the community.
3.2.2 UDP II Environmental Goals

To foster environmentally friendly practises through the implementation and
enforcement of relevant environmental policies and legislation.
19
3.2.3 Specific Objectives In Relation To Overall Goals
a. To diversify the economy of the Town. The town owes its existence to the mine. It
would be helpful to diversify the economy of the town from diamond mining. This
can be achieved through:
Provision of adequate serviced land. Encouraging the setting up of all types of
manufacturing industries in Jwaneng, especially those related to servicing the
mine.
Equitable local participation in tourism projects.
b. To monitor and implement the Revised National Policy on Education through:

Provision of adequate facilities in all primary schools
Increasing the absorption capacity of the Jwaneng Technical College
Intensification of the literacy programme
Encouraging the establishment of day care centres.
c. To improve health and safety standards through:
Intensification of the campaign against the spread of HIV/AIDS
Provision of primary health care services/facilities.
Community participation and education, strengthening support Programmes on
Home Based Care for terminally ill patients.
d. To ensure the keeping and maintaining of minimum health and safety standards at
business premises.
e. Facilitating and promoting preventive health measures
f. To equip the community with information that will create awareness and enhance
positive attitudinal and behavioural change towards their health.
g. To establish Jwaneng as a residential centre through:
Provision of social amenities
Provision of affordable residential plots and encouraging people to construct
permanent houses.
h. To maintain the current status of Jwaneng as the commercial centre through:
Provision of an integrated office block for central government departments
Encouraging the development of all allocated plots within the Central Business
District (CBD)
Encouraging the setting up of business establishments
i. To enhance the status of Jwaneng as the transit point to the Kalahari and Namibia.
Provision of shopping facilities, truck driver‟s accommodation & truck
servicing.
j. To create employment creation through tourism activities, equitable local
participation in tourism projects and development of tourism awareness in town.
k. To provide an interface between the central government and the local people
through:
Periodic accounting by Council as a democratically elected institution to the
Jwaneng community.
Kgotla meetings addressed by Council leadership and central government
departments to inform the community about their business and get feedback
regarding their expectations.
20
l. To provide social safety nets for the vulnerable and under privileged members of
the community through:
Orphan care programme
Home based care programme
Destitution programme
Assistance to needy students
m. To foster environmentally friendly practises through the implementation and
enforcement of relevant environmental policies and legislation will be achieved by
the following objectives:
To undertake Environmental Impact Assessments for major development
projects in Jwaneng until the end of the plan period.
To educate the community on environmental problems and mitigation
measures by addressing ward meetings every year until the end of the plan
period.
To carry out litter picking campaigns every six months until the end of the plan
period and erect billboards at strategic locations in the town.
To control veld fire by and grading fire breaks every six months until the end
of the plan period.
To prepare both short and long term management plans for collection of gravel
and pit sand by December 2004.
To rehabilitate all existing burrow pits by December 2006.
To completely eradicate squatting by the end of the plan period.
3.2.4 Framework For Monitoring Sector Goals And Objectives

The monitoring and review of the plan will be carried out on a regular basis with the purpose
of establishing physical and financial progress in plan implementation, detecting
implementation problems so that corrective measures can be taken and re prioritising projects
in view of changing circumstances.
3.2.4.1 Annual Project Review

This is done on a yearly basis. Before drafting the next annual plan, the previous one is
reviewed with regard to progress in implementation, implementation problems and project
proposals for the subsequent year.
3.2.4.2 Mid Term Review

Half way through UDP2, a mid term review will take place. Apart from considering progress
in implementation, the mid term review will begin to look into goals achievement; to what
extent has project implementation led to the achievement of goals and whether the goals are
still realistic in view of the changing circumstances. As a result of the mid term review,
implementation strategies and planned projects for the remaining three years of the plan can
be revised.
3.2.4.3 Quarterly Urban Development Committee meetings /Briefs
The Urban Development Committee is responsible for coordination, management and
implementation of the Urban Development Plan. In this committee, financial and physical
progress reports are presented with a view to monitor whether projects are going according to
plan, determine any bottlenecks to plan implementation and take corrective measures. The
Urban Development Committee sits every 3 months and it is co-chaired by the District
21
Officer and the Town Clerk, with heads of parastatal organisations, non-governmental
organisations and government departments being members.
3.2.4.4 Full Council and Council Committees

In addition to the above, the Council and different Council committees are among other things
responsible for monitoring the progress of different council projects. The council committees
include the Planning Committee, Education Committee, Finance and General Purposes
Committee and the Health and Social Services Committee.
3.2.5 Framework For Monitoring Environmental Goals And Objectives

3.2.5.1 Environmental Audits
As a way of monitoring environmental goals and objectives, an environmental audit system
would be employed. This is a “verification process of obtaining and evaluating audit evidence
to determine whether specific environmental activities, events, conditions, management
systems or information about these, conform to audit criteria and communicating the results
of the process to the proponent or client.
3.2.5.2 Environmental Impact Assessment

An Environmental Impact Assessment will be carried out for all major projects, which are
going to be undertaken in the planning area, the purpose of which would be to determine the
impacts of certain projects/activities on the environment and mitigation measures thereof.
3.3 FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL

ASSESSMENT
3.3.1 Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues With Overall Goals and Objectives of UDP II
The set goals and objectives for UDP II may have adverse environmental impacts. One of the
Jwaneng goals for UDP II is to diversify the economy of the township from the predominantly
mining sector and this will be achieved through among other things, the provision of serviced
land and the setting up of manufacturing industries. The other UDP II goal is implementing
the Revised National Policy on Education, which will entail the provision of adequate school
facilities like classrooms, teachers‟ quarters, resource centres and toilets. The other objective
is the provision of primary health care facilities, encouraging the development of plots ad
provision of shopping facilities within the township. Because these projects/activities involve
construction, the following environmental impacts are anticipated:
Requirement for more land, vegetation clearance, loss of biodiversity, increase in solid waste,
indiscriminate dumping of building rubble, indiscriminate extraction of sand and gravel, the
mushrooming of burrow pits and the creation of dust and noise from construction sites.
The other goals and objectives which involve educating the community on different
government policies and projects are not anticipated to have any adverse impacts on the
environment.
22
3.3.2 Evaluation Of Policies And Programms Against Overall Goals And Objectives Of
UDP II
Table 3.1 Evaluation Of Policies And Programms Against Overall Goals And
Objectives For UDP II
Policies and programmes Goals and objectives Environmental issues
Revised National Policy on a) Provision of adequate facilities in Construction of education facilities
Education all primary schools will result in clearance of
b) Increasing the absorption vegetation, cutting of trees, more
capacity of the Jwaneng Technical land will be required, increase in
College solid waste, for example, building
rubble, and indiscriminate dumping
c) Intensification of the literacy
of the waste, extraction of gravel
programme
and sand, mushrooming of borrow
d) Encouraging the establishment of pits, pressure on water sources.
day care centres.
Environmental Impact To prepare an environmental impact No negative environmental impacts
Assessment Act assessment for every major project anticipated
prior to development
Tourism Policy To diversify the economy of the The setting up of tourism related
town infrastructure as a way of
diversifying the economy will result
in the following environmental
Equitable local participation in
impacts: clearance of vegetation,
tourism projects.
cutting of trees, more land will be
required, increase in solid waste, for
example, building rubble,
indiscriminate dumping of the
waste, extraction of gravel and sand,
mushrooming of borrow pits,
pressure on water sources.
Citizen Entrepreneurial Encouraging the setting up of all The provision of financial assistance
Development Agency (CEDA) types of manufacturing industries in is intended to encourage the setting
Jwaneng, especially those related to up of among other things,
servicing the mine. manufacturing industries in the
township. Their construction will
ultimately have the following
environmental impacts: clearance of
vegetation, cutting of trees, more
land will be required, increase in
solid waste, for example, building
rubble, indiscriminate dumping of
the waste, extraction of gravel and
sand, mushrooming of borrow pits,
pressure on water sources.
23
CHAPTER FOUR
4 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION
4.1 INTRODUCTION
Environment includes the physical, ecological, archaeological, aesthetic, economic,
institutional, human health and social aspects of the surroundings of a person (Environmental
Planning Manual, 2001). The integration of environmental planning as part of district and
national planning is long overdue. As such, concerns have been raised over the environmental
impacts of some development projects, some of which have been undertaken without regard
to environmental conservation.
The preparation of the Jwaneng UDP 2 should ensure that environmental considerations are
fully integrated into the planning process in order to prevent conflicts and maintain the
integrity of the environment if sustainable development is to be achieved. If for example, the
location of projects is not chosen with care in relation to natural resources in the environment,
it is possible that solving one problem may create several others.
4.1.1 Institutional framework

Environmental conservation in Jwaneng is the responsibility of various institutions, as
environmental issues cut across sectors. Some of these institutions are the Jwaneng Town
Council, District Administration, Crop Production and Forestry, Animal Health and
Production etc. Coordination of the institutions is the responsibility of the Urban
Development Committee, which is chaired by the District Officer.
4.1.2 Strategic Plans

4.1.2.1 Strategic Plan for the Ministry of Agriculture
One of the strategic goals of the Ministry of Agriculture is to enhance agricultural resources
conservation sustainability through the application of environmentally friendly practices and
to promote resources conservation and sustainability by reviewing and strengthening
enforceable legislation.
Within the context of Jwaneng, efforts will be made to intensify environmental conservation
awareness among various stakeholders through workshops and Kgotla meetings.
4.1.2.2 Strategic Plan for the Ministry of Minerals, Energy and Water Affairs
One of the strategic goals of this ministry is to contribute towards a sustainable environment
by minimising damage and harmful side effects from energy, minerals and water resources
exploitation.
4.1.2.3 Strategic plan for the Ministry of Trade, Industry, Wildlife and Tourism
The strategic goal for this ministry relevant to environmental conservation in Jwaneng is to
reduce major human – wildlife conflict. The Jwana and Tholo Parks owned by Debswana
Jwaneng Mine are an effort to illustrate the importance of conserving the wildlife resource
within the planning area.
24
4.1.2.4 Strategic plan for the Ministry of Lands and Housing
The strategic goals for this ministry with regards to environmental conservation are to foster
environment friendly practices through formulation, review and implementation of relevant
environmental policies and legislation and also to promote environmental awareness
programmes and facilitation of its integration into the formal education. In line with these
goals it is intended to prepare an Environmental Impact Assessment for every major project
that is going to be undertaken within the planning area such that impacts of certain projects on
the environment and their mitigation measures will be identified. Council will continue to
educate the public about policies and programmes geared towards environmental
conservation; for example, the community is continually informed/educated about the dangers
of littering under the Waste Management Act and the fines for non-adherence.
4.1.3 Environmental Conservation Consultation Priorities

Environmental concerns/problems that were raised during consultation seminars included the
following:
Garden waste
Littering
Indiscriminate dumping of building rubble
Mushrooming of burrow pits for extraction of gravel and/or pit sand
Veld fires
Squatters
Waste water
4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION

The government has formulated a number of policies and legislation that were intended to
address national environmental problems/concerns so as to try to conserve the environment.
Some of these are the National Conservation Policy, Waste Management Act, Draft
Environmental Impact Assessment Act, Community Based Natural Resource Management,
National Policy on Natural Resources Conservation and Development etc.
4.2.1 National Policy on Natural Resources Conservation and Development

This policy was formulated solely to conserve and develop our natural resources in order to
achieve sustainable development as one of the four main planning objectives of the National
Development Plan. The government attaches great importance to the wide range of natural
resources and features, which exist throughout Botswana. These resources include fresh air,
clean water, vegetation, livestock, wildlife, and soils, human, cultural, archaeological and
other related features. Many people directly depend upon these for their livelihood. There has
been evidence that a lot of these resources are under pressure and this has given rise to
concerns about the ability of the resources to sustain the needs of future generations.
4.2.2 Waste Management Act

This was formulated “to provide for the establishment of the department of Sanitation and
Waste Management; to make provision for the planning, facilitation and implementation of
advanced systems for regulating the management of controlled waste in order to prevent harm
to human, animal, and plant life; to minimize pollution of the environment, to conserve
natural resources, to cause the provision of the Basel Convention to apply in regulating the
trans-boundary movement of hazardous wastes and their disposal; and for matters incidental
and connected to the foregoing”(Waste Management Act, 1998).
25
The Act provides for the management of all kinds of waste ranging from clinical waste,
commercial waste, hazardous waste, household waste, industrial waste and litter, management
meaning the collection, deposit, interim storage, transfer, transport, treatment and final
disposal of waste. The growth of Jwaneng points to the urgent need to address issues of waste
generation, storage, collection and disposal.
4.2.3 Environmental Impact Assessment Act (Draft)

The government is in the process of finalizing the Draft Environmental Impact Assessment.
This Act makes it a requirement that large-scale developments should have an Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA) conducted prior to their implementation. The Act is very relevant to
Jwaneng because being a developing town; projects are going to be carried out, which will
have negative impacts on the environment. It would be easier then to determine which ones
require an EIA and which ones do not.
4.2.4 National Conservation Strategy

The National Conservation Strategy was adopted by government to give guidelines on issues
related to environmental planning and conservation. The primary goals of the strategy are:
To increase the effectiveness with which natural resources are used and
managed, so that beneficial interactions are optimised and harmful
environmental side effects are minimised.
To integrate the work of many sectoral ministries and interest groups
throughout the country, thereby improving the development of natural
resources through conservation.
4.3 UDP 2 ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
The main goal of this plan with regard to environmental conservation and preservation is:
To foster environmentally friendly practices through the implementation and

enforcement of relevant environmental policies and legislation.
In order to achieve the above broad goal, the following objectives are
proposed:
To undertake an Environmental Impact Assessment for every major
Development projects in Jwaneng until the end of the plan period.
To educate the community on environmental problems and mitigation
measures by addressing ward meetings every year until the end of the plan
period.
To carry out litter picking campaigns every six months until the end of the plan
period and erect billboards at strategic locations in town.
To control veld fire by and grading fire breaks every six months until the end
of the plan period.
To prepare both short and long term management plan for collection of gravel
To rehabilitate all existing burrow pits by December 2006.
To completely eradicate squatting by the end of the plan period.
26
ASSESSMENT
One of the pillars of Vision 2016 is prosperity, productivity and innovation. In order that this
pillar is achieved, the vision has emphasized the need to preserve the environment in the
process of development. This is so that all projects carried out are socially, economically and
environmentally sustainable.
The UDP II set goals and objectives and the policies and programmes that the Jwaneng
Township has come up with to improve the livelihood of the community might possibly have
negative impacts on the environment such that in trying to solve problems several other ones
might be created as a result, which are detrimental to the environment.
4.4.1 Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives
Objective 1: To undertake an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for every major
development project in Jwaneng until the end of the plan period.
This exercise is in itself aimed at identifying possible impacts certain projects might
have on the environment and ultimately come up with mitigation measures that are to be
employed either to reduce or completely eradicate the impacts. As such it is not
envisaged that any environmental impacts will occur as a result of the preparation of an
EIA.
Objective 3: To carry out litter picking campaigns every six months until the end of the
plan period and erect billboards which sensitise the public on the dangers of litter.
The erection of billboards might involve the clearing of the site within which the
billboard is going to be erected. As such the environmental impacts might include
cutting of vegetation and the resultant loss of flora and fauna.
Objective 4: To control veld fires by grading fire breaks every six months until the end
of the plan period.
Negative environmental impacts could include cutting of vegetation and loss of bio-
diversity.
Objective 6: To rehabilitate all existing burrow pits by December 2006.

The anticipated environmental impacts are dust and noise pollution and loss of
biodiversity.
Objective 7:To completely eradicate squatting in the township by the end of the plan
period.
Squatting is a very serious problem in the township, mainly attributed by an acute
shortage of residential accommodation and higher residential rentals. Squatting itself
has many environmental impacts some of which are overcrowding resulting in rapid
spread of communicable diseases, for example, tuberculosis, indiscriminate waste
disposal resulting in land pollution and possible fire hazards because cooking is done in
small unventilated structures. Because the objective is to eradicate squatting not many
and not serious environmental impacts are anticipated. Some impacts might include dust
and noise pollution resulting from the bulldozers evicting the squatters if government
decides to take that route and solid waste.
27
4.5 PROPOSED ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES TO
IMPLEMENT URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS
Table 4.1 Town Environmental Action Program
Environmental Activity/Project Potential impacts Action
concern
Garden Waste Continue to engage private Nil Nil
contractors as and when necessary
Increase the number of skips so that
each environmental unit has some
skips
Information, Education and
Communication
Littering Continue Anti littering campaigns Nil Nil
and Information Education and
Communication
Encourage Community Participation
Fully implement the Waste
Management Act (Enforcement)
Indiscriminate dumping Supervision/follow up contractors Nil Nil
of building rubble Fully implement the Waste
Management Act (enforcement)
Mushrooming of borrow Identify areas where gravel and pit Loss of biodiversity Preparation
pits as a result of sand could be extracted Wildlife mortality of an EIA
extraction of gravel and Prepare a management plan for
pit sand for construction collection of gravel and pit sand
Veldfires Regular Maintenance of firebreaks Clearance of Plant the
by grading the fire breaks vegetation shrubs and
Disaster Management Committee to the trees out
prepare guidelines for management of the way
of disasters/veldfires of the fire
break
Squatters Education Nil Nil
Liase with Southern District Council
and Ngwaketse Landboard about the
possible relocation to Sese
4.6 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR UDP 2

4.6.1 Issues and Strengths
Issues Strengths
Squatters Regular maintenance of firebreaks
Veld fires Identification of areas where gravel and pit sand
Indiscriminate dumping of building rubble could be extracted
Mushrooming of borrow pits
28
4.6.2 Performance Targets for UDP II
Table 4.2 Environmental Conservation Performance Targets For UDP 2
Objective Activity Start date End date Monitoring
To undertake an Environmental Impact April 2003 March 2004 Monthly report to
Environmental Impact Assessment for servicing of Steering
Assessment for major unit 8. Consultant to be Committee,
development projects in engaged. Quarterly progress
Jwaneng until the end of reports, Reports to
the plan period. PMC, UDC and
council
To educate the Addressing ward meetings by April 2003 March 2009 Quarterly reports to
community on all UDC members and UDC and council
environmental problems Councillors.
and mitigation measures
by addressing ward
meetings every year.
To carry out litter Carry out litter picking by the April 2003 March 2009 Bi-monthly report
picking campaigns council environmental health to the Health &
every six months until department Social Welfare
the end of the plan Committee
period.
To control veld fire by Grading of existing fire April 2003 March 2009 Report to F&GP
maintenance fire breaks breaks by Council Roads January 2004 December committee and
every six months until Department 2004 UDC, Disaster
the end of the plan Disaster Management Management
period. Committee to prepare Committee
guidelines for management of
veld fires
To prepare both short Prepare management plan April 2003 December Report to UDC
and long term 2004
management plan for
collection of gravel and
pit sand by December
2004.
To rehabilitate existing Backfill the burrow pits using April 2003 December Report to UDC
burrow pits and identify the rubble adjacent to the 2006
sources of gravel and pit burrow pits
sand by December
2004.
To completely eradicate Relocate squatters to Sese April 2003 March 2006 Report to UDC
squatting by the end of
the plan period.
4.6.3 Development Budget for UDP 2

In order that Jwaneng town realises its environmental goals and objectives, there is a need for
resources like manpower and finance. Since some of the above proposed projects are not
financially provided for under the capital budget, they will be financed under the recurrent
budget, as it has been the case, for example, proper disposal of garden waste.
Table 4.3 Environmental Conservation Development Budget For UDP 2

Objective Activity Amount (P)
To undertake an Environmental Impact Environmental Impact Assessment P1 million
Assessment for major development projects for servicing of unit 8. Consultant
in Jwaneng until the end of the plan period. to be engaged.
29
Objective Activity Amount (P)
To educate the community on Addressing ward meetings by all P5 000.00
environmental problems and mitigation UDC members.
measures by addressing ward meetings
every year.
To carry out litter picking campaigns every Carry out litter picking campaigns P10 000
six months until the end of the plan period. by the council environmental
health department
To control veld fire by maintenance fire Grading of existing fire breaks P100 000
breaks every six months until the end of the by council Roads Department
plan period. Disaster Management Committee
to prepare guidelines for
management of veld fire
To prepare both short and long term Prepare management plan 0.00
management plan for collection of gravel
To rehabilitate existing burrow pits and Backfill the burrow pits using the P1 million
identify sources of gravel and pit sand by rubble adjacent to the burrow pits
December 2004.
To completely eradicate squatting by the Relocate squatters to Sese P1 million

end of the plan period.
4.6.4 Plan Monitoring Programme

Lastly, for Jwaneng to achieve the above goals and objectives there is need for close
monitoring. This would help us see if we are going according to plan or not and through
constant monitoring, we would identify implementation problems and come up with solutions
where possible. In addition to quarterly progress reports to the Urban Development
Committee, the mid term review would also pave the way forward as far as environmental
monitoring is concerned.
30
CHAPTER FIVE
5 LAND USE PLANNING
5.1 INTRODUCTION
Jwaneng is one of the smallest towns in the country. It is within the Southern District and it
therefore forms a border with areas that are within the jurisdiction of the Southern District
Council.
5.1.1 Institutional Framework

There are institutions carrying out the responsibility of land use issues in town. These include
the Jwaneng Town Council, Department of Lands, the Department of Surveys and Mapping,
Department of Town and Regional Planning, and the Department of Crop Production and
Forestry.
Jwaneng Town Council

The Jwaneng Town Council is the responsible Planning Authority for the Jwaneng Planning
Area. This therefore means that the administration of the Town and Country Planning Act for
the planning, implementation and control of development within the planning area is the
Town Council‟s responsibility. The Town Council refers specific applications to the Town
and Country Planning Board for final consideration.
Department of Surveys and Mapping

The Department of Surveys and Mapping is responsible for the production of base maps, the
subdivision of state land, and the spread of geodetic control framework, the provision and
maintenance of land information systems. This department is therefore vital for the mapping
requirements of the Physical Planning Unit – and especially for base maps which are essential
for the preparation of development plans and layouts (Physical Planning Handbook for
Botswana, 1997).
Department of Lands
The Department of Lands at the Ministry of Lands and Housing is responsible for the
administration of land. The department ensures proper utilization of land by directing and
monitoring all types of development on communal, state and free hold land. It is therefore
responsible for the administration of relevant land statutes, advises other government
departments and land boards on matters of land administration. The department manages the
government land estates, develops and also maintains land related information (Physical
Planning Handbook for Botswana, 1997).
Department of Town and Regional Planning

The Department of Town and Regional Planning (DTRP), provides professional and technical
advice to both the Minister of Lands and Housing and the Town and Country Planning Board.
DTRP is responsible for drafting and reviewing of national policies dealing with physical
planning, and for land use planning, zoning and coordination of such activities.
In addition to these functions, DTRP prepares comprehensive development plans for planning
areas as well as other areas in need of development plans. With regards to planning areas, this
31
function is performed on behalf of the Minister according to Part II of the TCPA. The
department also monitors the implementation of town and regional plans and advises both
government and the private sector on specific issues about potential land uses and coordinates
the issuance of enforcement notices.
The department also provides guidance and professional support to physical planners in local
authorities in all matters related to the preparation, implementation and control of
development plans, detailed layouts and all other relevant planning issues (Physical Planning
Handbook for Botswana, 1997).
5.1.2 Strategic Plan for the Ministry of Lands and Housing

One of the goals of the Department of Lands‟ in the Ministry of Lands and Housing is to
increase the amount of land available for distribution to eligible customers and the strategic
objective relevant to Jwaneng is to make available 5000 plots in cities/towns for allocation to
applicants by March 2006. In order to facilitate the implementation of this strategic objective,
the Council intends that residential layout plans for units 10 and 11 are prepared and in
addition for plots to be available the Council intends to service units 8 and 9.
The Department of Town and Regional Planning in its strategic plan, intends to prepare
layouts for 20 000 plots by 31st March 2006. In line with this objective, the Council intends to
prepare residential layout plans for units 10 and 11 by March 2005 as alluded to in the above
paragraph.
5.1.3 Consultation Priorities

The following are some of the consultation priorities as regards land use planning in
Jwaneng:
Indiscriminate collection of sand and gravel as a result of the construction

boom has resulted in open burrow pits, which are both unsightly and a danger
to both animals and people. One of the priorities therefore of this development
plan would be to prepare a comprehensive management plan for collection of
resources such as sand and gravel.
Non-observance of development covenants – As seen earlier, most allocated
land remains undeveloped for a long time, so the intention is to seek a strict
monitoring and enforcement of land development covenants.
Delay in the servicing of plots results in delay in allocation of plots for
different uses such as residential, commercial, civic and community and
industrial.
Squatting problem due to unavailability of plots/land. The existence of the
squatter camp, which is commonly known as the “Industrial Site”, is a result of
contracting companies who were given permission by the Department of Lands
to camp at the Industrial Site, with the understanding that they would demolish
their camp structures after finishing their works in Jwaneng, but consequently
the structures were left intact, and some people inherited them, hence more and
more people illegally settled in the area. Most of the people who are squatting
at the industrial area were initially renting rooms in SHHA areas in Jwaneng,
and they allege that because they could not afford the rent, they opted to squat,
as it is rent-free. From a survey conducted in February 2002, the population of
the squatter camp was found to be 1426 with 475 households.
32
The theme for Vision 2016 is, “Towards prosperity for all” the plan strives to achieve the
following vision pillars in as far as land use planning in the township is concerned:
Educated and Informed nation

One of the land use planning objectives is to educate the community on government policies
like the Tourism Policy, Citizen Entrepreneurial Development Agency (CEDA) and any
relevant policies aimed at financially assisting potential investors/developers. This education
will be in the form of addressing different communities either in Kgotla meetings or in
arranged seminars and workshops the main thrust being to empower citizens in taking
advantage of government programmes.
Prosperous, Productive and Innovative nation

In order to meet the vision pillar of a prosperous, productive and innovative nation by 2016,
the township has set an objective to provide infrastructure to attract private investors to the
township. This will be achieved by the servicing of unit 8, part of unit 9 and the Central
Business District. Also as a way of making industrial and commercial land available the
Department of Lands being the land authority in the Township, will be encouraged to
repossess and reallocate to potential and serious investors all undeveloped land, which has
remained as such beyond the development covenant period.
The Jwaneng Urban Development Plan II will take account of the preservation of the
environment. This will be met through the objective of preparing a management plan for the
collection of pit sand and gravel. In addition to this, as alluded to in Table 5., mitigation
measures will be taken for possible environmental impacts of different projects and an
Environmental Impact Assessment prepared before the execution of large development
projects like the servicing of unit 8 and 9 for example.
5.2 LAND USE POLICIES AND LEGISLATION

The main statutory instruments for the planning, implementation and control of developments
in towns are the Town and Country Planning Act (Cap 32:09) and the Building Control Act.
5.2.1 Town and Country Planning Act

The Town and Country Planning Act was enacted to assist the orderly and progressive
development of land in both urban and rural areas and to preserve and improve the amenities
thereof by means of planning permission (Physical Planning Handbook for Botswana, 1997).
In trying to implement this Act, the Jwaneng Town Council through the Planning Committee,
considers applications for planning permission under paragraph 4, section 12 of the Town and
Country Planning Act, 1997, for any development of land to be carried out.
5.2.2 Building Control Act

The Building Control Act and Regulations chapter 65:02 provides for uniformity in the law
relating to the erection of buildings and for prescribing building standards.
This Act covers procedures related to building permission, use of building material,
preparation of site, protection from moisture, structural fire precautions, standards of
accommodation, soil and waste drainage, sanitation appliances, electrical installations e.t.c.
This Act also deals with issues related to dangerous buildings, structural stability of walls,
procedures for erection of a building, change of land use and demolition.
33
The Technical Committee of council, which is chaired by the Physical Planner with the Senior
Technical Officer as the secretary, peruses plans for planning and building permission before
making recommendations to the Town Planning Committee. After plans have been approved
the buildings department and other departments, carry out inspections at each stage of
construction to see if construction is as per approved plans, and thereafter issues an
occupation permit.
5.2.3 Physical Development Plans

Section 6 of the Town and Country Planning Act provides that, in any planning area (Jwaneng
inclusive) the minister submits a development plan consisting of a report of survey together
with a plan indicating the manner in which he proposes that the land in the planning area may
be used and the stages by which any such developments may be carried out. A development
plan in particular defines sites for proposed roads, public and other buildings, airfields, parks,
nature reserves, open spaces, allocated areas of land for agricultural use, forestry, mining,
industrial, residential or any other purposes as it deems fit.
It is therefore worth mentioning that Jwaneng does not have a development plan. The
Department of Town and Regional Planning in the Ministry of Lands and Housing has the
responsibility to among other things prepare development plans for different towns and
villages in the country. The preparation of the Jwaneng development plan is long overdue.
5.2.4 Tourism Policy

This policy‟s main goal is to promote tourism in Botswana as a way of diversifying the
economy of the country from the mining and cattle industries. The policy basically promotes
the development of tourism infrastructure and facilities for Batswana to participate in the
industry. Jwaneng is well placed to realise the provisions of this policy. Being one of the
mining towns of the country, it is worrying that the only major economic activity is the
mining industry. As such, in order to realise one of the government‟s major challenges for
NDP 9 of Diversification of the economy, it will be a priority for this plan to educate the
community of Jwaneng about what this policy is all about.
5.2.5 Citizen Entrepreneurial Development Agency (CEDA)

CEDA was introduced by government in place of the Financial Assistance Policy, solely to
provide financial assistance (loans) to small scale, medium scale and large-scale investors. It
is also a priority of this plan to educate and inform the community of Jwaneng about CEDA.
This is intended to facilitate the development of plots in the town.
5.3 LAND USE PLANNING SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

Based on consultation priorities and assessment of issues in the district, the land use planning
objectives during UDP 2 are as follows:
Goal 1
To facilitate efficient and equitable land distribution through appropriate policies.
Goal 2
To speed up land allocation through land servicing and streamlined land allocation
procedures.
34
Goal 3
To facilitate speedy development of allocated land in the planning area through relevant
policies.
Objectives
a. To prepare a management plan for collection of pit sand and gravel by the year
2004
To prepare detailed residential layout plans for units 10 and 11 by March 2005.
To prepare a Development Plan for Jwaneng Planning Area by December 2005
To service Environmental Unit 8 by March 2006
To start the servicing of Environment unit 9 in April 2008
To repossess and reallocate all undeveloped plots in the planning area by the
end of financial year 2004/2005
b. To educate the community on government policies like the Tourism Policy, the
Citizen Entrepreneurial Development Agency (CEDA) and any relevant policies
aimed at financial assistance for potential investors/developers every six months
until the end of the plan period.
c. To service the CBD North including the bus rank and relocate the existing bus rank
by the end of the financial year 2006/2007.

ASSESSMENT
Environmental impacts are only anticipated in trying to achieve objectives 1, 2 and 5 as
follows:
Vegetation clearance, and loss of biodiversity which may result in soil erosion
Mushrooming of borrow pits
Increase in solid waste and waste water
Congestion along existing roads
Dust and noise from construction
5.4.2 Evaluation of Sector Policies and Programmes

The anticipated environmental impacts include the fact that more land will be required for
tourism related infrastructure such as lodges and hotels, which might have some adverse
ecological effects during the actualisation of the Tourism Policy. The implementation of
CEDA in the township is very likely to put pressure in the township because more land would
also be required for different projects, which in turn is going to have an effect on the natural
environment in terms of trees and vegetation being cut to pave way for industrial and
commercial developments. In addition, it will result in loss of animal life. The Building
Control Act and the Town and Country Planning Acts are about applying standards during
development of land and on a positive note their implementation will ensure that structures
are constructed and developments are carried out according to the set standards.
35
5.5 PROPOSED STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE LAND USE SECTOR
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES FOR UDP 2
During UDP2, the key issue in land use planning will be management and sustainable use of
land. The key land policy will be to use land for the most suitable land use alternative. This
will be achieved through sensitisation and involvement of the public in land use planning. The
table below shows strategies with which we intend to achieve the set goals and objectives.
Table 5.1 Strategies to Achieve Land Use Planning Sector Goals and Objectives For
UDP 2
Objective Program/Project Potential impacts Action
To service LG 1113 – URBAN Vegetation clearance Planting of trees and
Environmental Unit LAND SERVICING which may result in vegetation
8 by March 2006 soil erosion Identification of proper areas
Servicing of Mushrooming of for extraction of sand/gravel
Environmental Unit 8 borrow pits resulting where there could be proper
(2004 – 2006) from high demand for monitoring.
extraction of sand and Extension of sewer lines
gravel
Provision of litterbins at
Increase in solid strategic places within the
waste and waste town and within residential,
water commercial and industrial
Congestion along plots.
existing roads
Dust from Public education on the
construction dangers of littering
Environmental Impact
Assessment
To service the CBD LG 1113 - URBAN The same impacts as The same mitigation
North including the LAND SERVICING above measures as above
bus rank and
relocate the existing
Servicing of the CBD
bus rank by the end
North
of financial year
2006/2007. (2006/2007)
To start the LG 1113 – URBAN The same impacts as The same mitigation
servicing of unit 9 LAND SERVICING above measures as above
in April 2008
Servicing of unit 9
(2008/2009)
To Prepare a Prepare management Nil Nil
management plan plan
for collection of pit
sand and gravel by
the year 2004
To prepare detailed Prepare layout plans Nil Nil
residential layout
plans for units 10
and 11 by March
2005.
To prepare a Prepare Development Nil Nil
Development Plan Plan
for Jwaneng
Planning Area by
December 2005
To repossess and Repossess and Nil Nil
36
Objective Program/Project Potential impacts Action
reallocate all reallocate undeveloped
undeveloped plots plots
in the planning area
by the end of
financial year
2004/2005
To educate the To hold one day Littering Place waste bins at strategic
community on seminars for owners of places during the workshop
government policies undeveloped
like the Tourism commercial and
Policy, the Citizen industrial plots
Entrepreneurial To address Kgotla
Development meetings
Agency (CEDA)
and any relevant
policies aimed at
financial assistance
for potential
investors/developers
every six months
until the end of the
plan period.
5.6 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR UDP II

Issues
Shortage of serviced land
Indiscriminate extraction of sand and gravel
Strengths
Servicing of unit 8 and 9
Preparation of a management plan for collection of sand and gravel

Table 5.2 Land Use Planning Performance Targets for UDP II
Goal/Objective Activity Start date End date Monitoring
To service Environmental Servicing of unit April 2004 March 2006 Quarterly reports to
Unit 8 by March 2006 8 UDC and Council,
Form a steering
committee
To service the CBD North Service the April 2006 March 2007 Quarterly reports to
including the bus rank and CBD North UDC and Council, form
relocate the existing bus a Steering Committee
rank by the end of financial
year 2006/2007.
To start the servicing of unit Start servicing April 2008 March 2009 Quarterly reports to
9 in April 2008 unit 9 UDC and Council,
Steering committee
To prepare layout plans for Preparation of April 2004 March 2005 Council Planning
units 10 and 11 the layout plans Committee, UDC.
To educate the community To hold one day Every six Every six Reports to UDC
37
Goal/Objective Activity Start date End date Monitoring
on government policies like seminars for months months
the Tourism Policy, the owners of
Citizen Entrepreneurial undeveloped
Development Agency commercial and
(CEDA) and any relevant industrial plots
policies aimed at financial and to address
assistance for potential kgotla meetings
investors/developers every
six months until the end of
the plan period.
To repossess and reallocate Repossess and April 2003 March 2005 Reports to UDC
all undeveloped plots in the reallocate
planning area by the end of undeveloped
financial year 2004/2005 plots
To prepare a management Prepare April 2003 December Reports to UDC
plan for collection of pit management 2004
sand and gravel by the year plan
2004
To prepare a Development Prepare April 2003 March 2005 Reports to UDC
Plan for Jwaneng Planning Development
Area by December 2005 Plan
5.6.3 Development Budget for UDP II

Table 5.3 Land Use Planning Development Budget for UDP 2
Programme Project component Estimated cost (p) Financial year
LG 1113 Servicing of EU 8 18 000 000 2003/2004
Servicing of EU 8 - 12 000 000 2004/2005
continuation
Servicing of EU 8 - completion 4 000 000 2005/2006
Servicing CBD North 2 912 000 2006/2007
* Servicing portion of EU 9 18 340 000 2008/2009

Jwaneng Planning Area 3 000 000 2003/2004 – 2004/2005
Development Plan
Recurrent To hold one day seminars for 20 000 yearly Every six months
Budget owners of undeveloped
commercial and industrial plots
To address kgotla meetings
Repossess and reallocate 0.00 2003/2004 – 2004/2005
undeveloped plots
Recurrent Prepare management plan 20 000 April 2003 – December
Budget 2004
Recurrent Prepare Layout plans 10 000 2004/2005
Budget
5.6.4 Plan Monitoring Program

In order to monitor the activities and projects during UDP 2, there is an implementation
schedule in which the starting and ending dates of each activity or project are indicated. This
will facilitate follow-ups. In addition there will be quarterly UDC meetings in which progress
reports of all development projects and activities are discussed to see if projects are going
38
according as planned and to try and solve any bottlenecks that might have arisen during
implementation. There will also be council meetings where such reports will be discussed.
Lastly, the Jwaneng Plan Management Committee has been revived and one of its
responsibilities would be to oversee the implementation of the Urban Development Plan.
39
CHAPTER SIX
6 SETTLEMENT AND HOUSING
6.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter specifically looks at policies and Acts that deal with housing and settlement. It
focuses on government with regard to the improvement of housing in the country and
specifically in Jwaneng. In addition, it looks at government‟s deliberate policies, which seek
to facilitate the housing delivery system especially to low income people.
6.1.1 Institutional framework

The issue of housing cuts across sectors since it involves all ministries and government
departments. However, the overall National Housing and Settlement issues are the
responsibility of the Ministry of Lands and Housing and the Ministry of Local Government.
The primary responsibility for housing and settlement lies mainly with the Ministry of Lands
and Housing whose main functions are as follows:
Provision of services, information on surveying, mapping and remote sensing

that lays the foundation for physical planning, infrastructure provision and
progressive land administration.
Administration of land both in urban and rural areas.
National physical planning which entails determining the optimal utilization
and proper ordering of landscape through laws and policies.
Establishment of settlements with consideration of different social, economic
and environmental reasons.
Provision of basic housing for Local Authorities (District Councils).

The mission statement for the Ministry of Lands and Housing is “ to provide excellent
services in management and development of land, facilitation of housing delivery as well as
promotion of environmental protection with and for Batswana and our partners in
development”.
In trying to realize this mission, Jwaneng town has developed its own strategic goals and
objectives, which will be addressing the housing demand and supply in the township, as
outlined at 6.4.

The following are specific consultation priorities for Jwaneng:
Institutional housing
Provision of adequate housing for the staff of Jwaneng.
Securing land in advance for staff houses.
Self Help Housing Program
Facilitation of housing delivery system through a sustainable loan system.
40
Provision of adequate land for SHHA beneficiaries.
Alignment to Vision 2016

Settlement and Housing in the Jwaneng Township will strive to achieve the following vision
pillars:
Prosperous, Productive and Innovative nation. Vision 2016 provides that

all Batswana will be able to obtain access to good quality basic shelter, either
in the rural or in the urban areas. The Jwaneng Town Council through the
SHHA programme will continue to play an important role in the provision of
housing delivery for the low and the middle income low earners in the
township and facilitate citizen housing ownership by expeditiously providing
SHHA loans to eligible citizens.
Safe and Secure Nation. The provision of SHHA loans to low income and
low-income medium groups aims at financially assisting the low-income
groups of the community to construct houses thereby providing shelter. This
will provide safety and security to the community of Jwaneng.
6.2 NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION

Vision 2016 envisages settlement growth and development in Botswana to be sustainable by
the year 2016. The vision goes on to state that all Batswana will be able to obtain good quality
basic shelter. In order to realise the provisions of the vision, Jwaneng, in this coming plan
period will strive to facilitate the housing delivery system through relevant government
policies. The government of Botswana has formulated a number of policies in order to try to
address national housing concerns and settlement issues.
6.2.1 National Housing Policy

The National Housing Policy provides policy direction for the housing sector during UDP II.
Consistent with Vision 2016, the 2000 National Policy on Housing aims at the provision of
decent and affordable housing for all Batswana, within a safe and sanitary environment. The
major thrust of the housing sector during UDP II will be to ensure that all Batswana will be
able obtain access to good quality basic shelter in both urban and rural areas.
6.2.2 Self Help Housing Agency (SHHA)

Botswana Vision 2016 envisages that by the year 2016, all Batswana will be able to obtain
access to good quality basic shelter in both urban and rural areas. Implementation of the
housing programme will be aligned to Vision 2016 and the mandate of the Ministry of Lands
and Housing reflected through strategic goals and objectives. In view of this, the focus will be
on housing policy effectiveness, facilitation of housing delivery and promotion of home
ownership.
SHHA continues to play an important role in the provision of housing delivery for the low
income and middle-income low groups in the Jwaneng Township. In its quest to uplift the
living environment and the living standards of SHHA dwellers, Council upgraded the old
SHHA areas in Environmental Units 1, 2 and 3. Water reticulation, electricity and
construction of sewer lines have been completed in these areas and plot holders started to
connect to these utilities at reasonable prices.
Out of a total number of 868 plots allocated, 620 are fully developed, 99 are partially
developed and 149 are still undeveloped.
41
6.2.2.1 Shortage of Plots
The Accelerated Land Servicing Programme has failed to meet the demand for serviced land
in Jwaneng as evidenced by the long waiting list of 2 104 for residential plots as at 30th June
2003.
6.2.2.2 SHHA Loans

Building material loans continue to be an avenue through which low-income households
access housing finance. The amount of SHHA loan was increased in 1998 from P3 600.00 to
P6 000.00 and further increased in the year 2000 to P20 000.00 in terms of the National
Policy on Housing. The funds can now be used for purchase of building materials as well as
payment for labour costs.
There is a general concern that the SHHA loans have not been efficiently utilized and
beneficiaries fail to service the loans regularly. Some structures still look unsightly,
unfinished and in need of improvement particularly the old SHHA areas. To address these
problems the Council has engaged a Debt Collector and plot holders are encouraged to sign
stop orders and pay the first instalment upon signing the loan agreement. Those with unsightly
and incomplete structures are advised to apply for improvement loans in terms of the National
Policy on Housing.
6.2.2.3 Integrated Poverty Alleviation and Housing Scheme

Integrated Pilot Poverty Alleviation and Housing Schemes were started in Mahalapye,
Francistown and Ghanzi in order to integrate skills acquisition, employment creation, income
generation and shelter provision. The focus of the scheme is to assist households who do not
qualify for SHHA to establish income-generating ventures to enable them to generate enough
money to construct houses. The scheme will assist plot holders whose income is below P4
400.00 per annum and hence do not qualify for SHHA loans.
6.2.3 Institutional Housing

Even though the three Local Authorities in Jwaneng, that is, District Administration, Council
and Tribal Administration have constructed and continue to construct houses for their
employees and the Botswana Housing Corporation continues to house those government
employees who could not secure staff houses, the need for more staff houses continues to
grow. This is mainly due to the fact that more government programs are introduced which
result in more personnel being employed who in turn increase the demand for houses.
6.3 SETTLEMENT AND HOUSING

Physical Development Growth
The preparation of a Physical Development Plan for the Jwaneng Planning Area is long
overdue. During the UDP II plan period it is planned to prepare a development plan for the
planning area.
6.3.1 Housing Demand

The present demand for SHHA plots in Jwaneng Township is substantially in excess of the
land supply. Currently the waiting list for plots is 2 104 and it continues to grow creating a
further backlog. The number of plots normally allocated to SHHA by the Department of
Lands is very little and it fails to absorb the number of applicants on the waiting list. The
42
servicing of Environmental units 8 and 9 will alleviate the problem thereby reducing the
backlog for residential plots.
6.3.2 Housing Supply

Housing delivery will be facilitated through the design and development of affordable
housing schemes for the low income and the middle-income low groups. Home ownership
will be promoted through the SHHA and other schemes such as the Poverty Alleviation and
Housing Programme and the Turnkey SHHA Programme.
6.3.3 General Infrastructure and Services

For any physical and economic development of a settlement, there is need for provision of
infrastructure and services, which in turn would among other things, attract possible investors
into an area. In order to augment the existing infrastructure in the township the Urban
Development Plan II has planned for the servicing of environmental units 8 and 9 and the
Central Business District North.
6.4 SETTLEMENT AND HOUSING SECTOR GOALS AND

OBJECTIVES
Goal
To facilitate housing ownership and delivery
Objectives
To encourage plot holders to develop plots within the stipulated development
period (two years) by conducting 4 workshops annually.
To integrate income generation with shelter provision as a strategy for poverty
alleviation by December 2006.
To provide assistance to households who do not qualify for the SHHA
programme and can not afford BHC houses by December 2006.
Goal
To secure land/acquire land for distribution to eligible customers
Objective
To service Environmental Unit 8 by the end of financial year 2005/2006 thereby making plots
available for allocation to applicants.
Goal
To develop a sustainable and efficient SHHA loan repayment collection system
Objectives
To provide SHHA loans to eligible citizens on a monthly basis.
To continue to make stop order arrangements every month and continue with
the services of debt collectors in case of defaulters.
43
ASSESSMENT
Objective 1
To encourage plot holders to develop plots within the stipulated development period (two
years) by conducting 4 workshops annually.
The anticipated environmental impact is litter during the workshops.
Objective 5
To service Environmental Unit 8 by the end of financial year 2005/2006 thereby making plots
available for allocation to applicants.
The following environmental impacts are anticipated:
Vegetation clearance, which may result in soil erosion

Mushrooming of burrow pits within the planning area
Increase in solid waste and waste water
Congestion along existing roads
Dust and noise from construction
Loss of bio-diversity

The National Housing Policy and the SHHA programme are geared towards provision of
housing for all income groups, which will basically entail construction of houses.
Environmental impacts anticipated as a result of the construction include:
Cutting of trees and vegetation

Sand and gravel extraction
Possible mushrooming of borrow pits
Indiscriminate dumping of building rubble.
Requirement for more land
Loss of bio-diversity
6.6 STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE SETTLEMENT AND HOUSING
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
Table 6.1 Strategies to Achieve Settlement and Housing Goals and Objectives
Goal/objective Activity/Project Potential Impacts Action

To secure adequate land Servicing of unit 8 Cutting of trees Planting trees
in town for distribution Sand and gravel extraction Identify areas for sand and
to eligible customers. gravel extraction
Building rubble For small projects use
labour for clearing the
project area because then
Vegetation clearance they would be selective in
cutting trees
Increase in solid waste & Extend sewer lines to cover

44
Goal/objective Activity/Project Potential Impacts Action
waste water new areas
Possible increase in Provision of condoms at
HIV/AIDS construction sites
HIV/AIDS education
To facilitate citizen Provision of SHHA loans Nil Nil
housing ownership and to eligible citizens.
delivery
To encourage plot Conducting 4 workshops Litter Provision and Placement of
holders to develop plots annually waste bins at strategic places
within the stipulated during the workshops
development period
(two years)
To develop a sustainable Stop order arrangements Nil Nil
and efficient SHHA and continue with the
repayment collection services of debt collectors
system
6.7 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR UDP II

Issues
Shortage of residential plots
Non-development of residential plots
Non repayment of SHHA loans by some beneficiaries
Strengths
Servicing of environmental units 8 and 9
Stop order arrangements to repay SHHA loans and engaging debt collectors

Table 6.2 Settlement and Housing Performance Targets
Goal/Objective Activity Start End Date Monitoring

Date
To secure adequate land Servicing of unit 8 April March Steering Committee,
in town for distribution 2004 2007 Quarterly reports to
to eligible customers. UDC and Council
To facilitate citizen Provision of SHHA loans to April March Report to Planning
housing ownership and eligible citizens. 2003 2009 Committee
delivery Consideration of
applications for SHHA
loans will be done monthly
through the Planning
Committee
To develop a sustainable Stop order arrangements and April March Progress reports to
and efficient SHHA continue with the services of 2003 2009 Planning and Finance
repayment collection debt collectors Committees
system
To encourage plot Conducting 4 workshops April March Report to Planning
holders to develop plots annually 2004 2007 Committee
within the stipulated
development period (two
years)
45
Table 6.3 Development Expenditure for The Settlement and Housing Sector
Financial year Programme Project component Estimated cost

2003/2004 LH 201 – SHHA SHHA Loans 1 920 000
Development
LH 1003 – Government
office blocks
Integrated office block 50 000 000
Development
Development
development
Development
Development
Grand Total 63 440 000

The monitoring of the SHHA programme as a whole is monitored by the Council Planning
Committee, which convenes every month. Progress reports will be presented to the committee
to determine progress and constraints and come up with solutions in cases where there are
constraints.
46
CHAPTER SEVEN
7 AGRICULTURE
7.1 INTRODUCTION
The Ministry of Agriculture operates through five departments of Animal, Health and
Production, Crop Production and Forestry, Agricultural Research, Cooperatives and Ministry
Management.
In Jwaneng, agricultural services are provided by the Departments of Crop Production and
Forestry, Animal Health and Production and Cooperatives Department through its regional
office in Kanye. Jwaneng is mainly serving as an administrative centre for the three
departments with only a few activities taking place in the township.
Department of Crop Production and Forestry

This department‟s main function is to provide extension and technical services to farmers and
the general public with a view to improving agricultural productivity and efficiency and
ultimately improving people‟s living standards.
Department of Animal, Health and Production

The main function of the department is to provide technical extension services to the farmers
in order to maximise agricultural production and enhance better livestock management
practises.
Department of Cooperatives
The department is responsible for promoting registration and development of societies and
ensuring compliance with the Cooperative Societies Act. The department also provides
business advice to the cooperative movement.
Alignment to Vision 2016

The Ministry of Agriculture‟s programmes and services envisage a situation where by the
year 2016, the programmes will have contributed in building a Prosperous, Productive and
Innovative Nation and an Educated and Informed Nation. The Ministry will continue to
introduce new technologies for the farming community to cope with technological
advancements and attain food security at the household and national level. The ministry will
take its stakeholders on board, in its effort to improve the welfare of the farming community
through training and introduction of appropriate technologies and enhanced service delivery.
47
7.1.2 Strategic Plans for Respective Ministries
Table 7.1 Strategic Plans for Respective Ministries
Ministry Strategic goal Strategic objective

Ministry of Agriculture To promote agricultural productivity To establish an agriculture
through an effective and efficient communication and
service delivery system and training information centre and network
by 2003
To promote science and technology
based agriculture development To establish a research and
through research extension linkages development stakeholder forum
by 2003
To prevent and control animal
diseases and pests
To vaccinate animals
Ministry of Trade, To avail data and information for To engage in annual dialogue
Industry, Wildlife and processing by the ministry with stakeholders to capture
Tourism industry specific information
needs
Ministry of Lands and To facilitate equitable distribution of Develop land allocation criteria
Housing land through appropriate policies and to ensure equitable distribution
programmes of land to eligible customers
throughout the country
7.1.3 Agriculture Consultation Priorities

The Jwaneng Township is a service centre for villages outside the town and there were few
issues raised by the farmers. These include poor soil fertility in town for backyard gardening,
crop pests, shortage of land for horticultural projects and high tariffs for water.

During UDP 2, The Ministry of Agriculture will undertake programs and activities under the
broader framework of the following policies and programmes:
7.2.1.1 Forestry Act Number 29 of 1980

This Act provides for the better regulation and protection of forest produce in Botswana and
provide for matters incidental thereto.
7.2.1.2 Agricultural Resources Conservation Act

The Act provides for conservation and improvement of agricultural resources in Botswana,
establish an Agricultural Resources Board and to define its powers and functions. It also
provides for establishment of conservation committees and prescribes their functions. The Act
is not implemented in Jwaneng, as there are no forests in the township.
7.2.1.3 National Forest Policy (Draft)

The overall objective of the policy is to optimise the contribution of the Forestry Sector to the
long-term socio-economic development of Botswana by ensuring an enhanced and sustainable
flow of benefits from forestry activities to all sectors of the population.
48
7.2.1.4 National Policy on Agriculture Development
The main objectives of the policy are to improve food security at both household and national
levels, diversify the agricultural sectors production base for income opportunities, increase
employment opportunities for the fast growing labour force and provide a secure production
environment for those engaged in agriculture. In Jwaneng, the Department of Crop Production
and Forestry, encourages backyard gardening to increase household food security.
7.2.1.5 National Master Plan for Arable Agriculture and Dairy Development
The programme focuses on rain fed and irrigation arable agriculture and dairy farming. There
is nothing in terms of policy implementation in the township, except for some pilot projects in
certain parts of the Southern District.
7.3 AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ACTIVITIES

7.3.1 Crop Sub Sector
In order to address its objectives the department will intensify transfer of appropriate
technologies to the farming communities by way of staging crop demonstrations and
providing relevant extension messages. Crop productivity will be enhanced by striving to
complete, within the first two years of NDP 9/UDP 2, all the Arable Land Development
(ALDEP) backlog that may recur from NDP8/UDP1. There shall also be increased thrust on
the utilization of acquired ALDEP packages.
7.3.2 Horticultural Sub Sector

There is no significant horticultural potential in Jwaneng, mainly as a result of shortage of
irrigation water. The relatively high tariffs charged by the Water Utilities Corporation
(WUC), is another prohibitive factor to horticultural development in the town. However,
possibilities are being explored to find alternatives to promote production of vegetables in
small backyard and institutional vegetable gardens for domestic consumption and/or
Community Home Based Care centres. Other available options include re-use of sewerage
water in areas where such is in abundance and a more organized system. The water
development policy as covered in the National Master Plan for Arable Agricultural and Dairy
Development (NAMPAADD), which has been sanctioned in the sitting of the fourth session
of the eighth Parliament, seeks to address various ways in which all available resources could
be harnessed and put to maximum possible use, and it is hoped that more projects shall be
established following the successful implementation of the program.
7.3.3 Livestock Sub Sector

The livestock sub sector will undertake the following:
Compulsory annual vaccinations against rabies will be conducted on house-to-

house basis in Jwaneng Town. Private vaccination of dogs and cats against
canine distemper and provirus enteritis, routine treatment of household pets
against infectious diseases will also be undertaken.
Provision of drugs/feeds/livestock management inputs at subsidized cost
through the Mobile LAC, which goes to all urban centres as well as settlements
so that farmers can have access to the LAC requisites.
Training farmers in Jwaneng on how to produce good quality hides and skins
and adoption of good husbandry and management practices for poultry/dairy
cattle.
49
It is worth mentioning that the main activities of the DAHP are focused in rural/ extension
areas where most of the farmers live. The DAHP has got limited role to play in urban centres.
7.3.4 Cooperatives Sub Sector

The department is responsible for promoting registration and development of cooperative
societies and ensuring compliance with the Cooperatives Societies Act. The department also
provides business advice to the cooperative movement. In Jwaneng, the Department does not
have an office and the farming community depends on the Kanye regional office for services.
It is planned during UDP II to construct an office block at a cost of P600 000.00.
7.4 AGRICULTURAL SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

7.4.1 Crop Production and Forestry Sub Sector
Table 7.2 Crop Production and Forestry Sub Sector Goals and Objectives
Goal Objective
To promote agricultural production 1. To facilitate establishment of horticultural
projects
To motivate staff by providing a conducive 2. To build an office block

working environment
To develop staff skills and competency through 3. To orientate newly appointed officers on
formal and on the job training agricultural policies and form one Work
Improvement Team
7.4.2 Animal Health and Production Sub Sector

Table 7.3 Animal Health and Production Sub Sector Goals and Objetives
Goal Objective
1. To provide appropriate services and prevent 1.To provide drugs through the Livestock
pets diseases. Advisory Centre (LAC) and vaccinate pets
against rabies annually

Table 7.4 Cooperatives Sub Sector Goals and Objectives
Goal Objective
1. To provide cooperative services to the Jwaneng 1.To build an office block
community
50
ASSESSMENT
7.5.1 Evaluation Of Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives
7.5.1.1 Crop Production and Forestry Sub-Sector
Table 7.5 Crop Production and Forestry Sub-Sector Environmental Key Issues with Sector
Goals and Objectives
Goal Objective Environmental issue

1.To promote agriculture 1.To facilitate establishment of Cutting of trees during bush
production in Jwaneng horticultural projects clearing
2. To motivate staff by 2. To build an office block Loss of vegetation, cutting of

providing a conducive working trees, demand for land, increase
environment in solid waste, for example,
building rubble.
3. To develop staff skills and No environmental impacts

3. To orientate newly appointed anticipated
competency through formal and
officers on agricultural policies
on the job training
and form one Work
Improvement Team
7.5.1.2 Animal Health and Production sub sector

Table 7.6 Animal Health and Production Sub-Sector Environmental Key Issues with Sector
Goals and Objectives
Goal Objective Environmental Issue

1. To provide appropriate services 1.To provide drugs through the No environmental impact
and prevent pets diseases. Livestock Advisory Centre
(LAC) and vaccinate pets
against rabies annually
7.5.1.3 Cooperatives Sub Sector

Table 7.7 Cooperatives Sub-Sector Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and
Objectives
Goal Objective Environmental Issue

1. To provide cooperative 1.To build an office block Loss of vegetation, cutting
services to the Jwaneng of trees, increased demand
community for land, increase in solid
waste, for example,
building rubble

Table 7.8 Evaluation Of Sector Policies And Programmes
Policy Objective Environmental Issue

National Policy of Agriculture Improve food security and Disturbance of free wildlife
Development diversify agriculture production movement and limited access
sector base to communal land by small
scale farmers
NAMPAADD Improve rain fed and irrigation Potential for pollution of
arable agriculture and dairy underground water resources as
farming a result of use of pesticides
51
Policy Objective Environmental Issue
National Forest Policy Optimise the contribution of Deforestation

the forestry sector to the long
term socio-economic
development of Botswana
7.6 STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR

7.6.1 Crop Production and Forestry Sub Sector
Table 7.9 Strategies To Achieve Crop Production And Forestry Sector Goals And Objectives
Proposed projects/Strategies Potential Impacts Action
1.Identification of alternative No potential impacts No mitigation measures

water sources, for example, use anticipated
of recycled water
2. Identify potential agricultural
land around the sewerage
More land will be required
ponds
3. Provide technical expertise
on how to grow fruit trees and
vegetables No potential impacts No mitigation measures
anticipated
Vegetation clearance cutting Landscaping and planting trees,
4. Construction of office block down of trees, increase in solid proper disposal of building
waste, for example, building rubble to the landfill,
rubble, requirement for more construction of high rise
land to put up staff houses buildings,
5. Staff training on WITS No potential impacts No mitigation measures
6. To conduct workshops and anticipated
seminars
7.6.2 Animal Health and Production Sub Sector

Table 7.10 Strategies to Achieve Animal Health and Production Sub Sector Goals and
Objectives

1. Vaccinate once a year 1. Used needles and vaccine Proper disposal by incineration
containers at the landfill

Table 7.11 Strategies to Achieve Cooperatives Sub Sector Goals and Objectives
Construction of office block Vegetation clearance cutting Landscaping and planting trees,
down of trees, increase in solid proper of building rubble to the
waste, for example, building landfill, construction of high
rubble, requirement for more rise buildings.
land to put up staff houses
52
7.7.1 Development Expenditure and Performance Targets for UDP II
Table 7.12 Development Expenditure and Performance Targets for the Agriculture
Sector
Programme Project component Estimated Performance targets
cost
AG 315-Development of District Agricultural 3 247 668 Start Date: April 2003
Extension Services Office End Date: March 2004
AG 501 – Cooperatives Office Block 600 00.00 Start Date: April 2003
Development End Date: March 2004
7.7.2 Plan Monitoring Program

The proposed project is construction of an office block. The monitoring part of it is the
responsibility of DABS and in turn should brief the Urban Development Committee on
quarterly basis on both physical progress and constraints met should the project start.
53
CHAPTER EIGHT
8 TRADE, INDUSTRY, WILDLIFE AND TOURISM
8.1 INTRODUCTION
The Ministries of Trade and Industry and that of Environment, Wildlife, and Tourism, ??have
a role to facilitate the diversification and expansion of Botswana‟s economy in line with
Vision 2016. Several departments hold key responsibilities to this end: Department of
Industrial Affairs; Department of Trade and Consumer Affairs, Registrar of Companies as
well as Department of Tourism and Department of Wildlife and National Parks.
In Jwaneng, there is the Department of Industrial Affairs and the Jwaneng Town Council,
which provide support services to business ventures. The Citizen Entrepreneurial
Development Agency (CEDA) also assists business enterprises in Jwaneng through its office
in Kanye
8.1.1 Strategic Plans for other Ministries

Ministry Strategic goals
Finance and Development Planning To ensure efficient and sound economic management.
Trade, Industry, Wildlife and Tourism To facilitate the availability of industry specific
infrastructure and services
Lands and Housing Speedy and efficient land allocation and management.
CEDA To ensure development of viable and sustainable citizen
owned business enterprises.
Local Government To promote local governance through participatory
development and to enhance service delivery.
8.1.2 Role of the Private Sector

There are a number of agencies and parastatal organisations under these ministries which
play a vital role in business activities, these are the Botswana Development Corporation
Limited (financing industrial development projects), Botswana Export Development and
Investment Authority (inward/outward investment promotion), and National Development
Bank (NDB) and the Citizen Empowerment Development Agency (CEDA) both of which
provide finance in terms of loans. NDB and CEDA offer services to the Jwaneng community
through their offices in Kanye.
The private sector also provides tourism facilities though at a very low rate (For example,
Mokala hotel and Sawasawa Guest House).

Lack of serviced land. The objective on economic diversification cannot be realized because
of a shortage of industrial and commercial plots. The absence of these presents constraints to
existing and potential entrepreneurs. The shortage of manpower in the district to support and
advice entrepreneurs is also a problem. The need to establish a CEDA office in Jwaneng to
service the township and surrounding villages has also been expressed.
54
8.2.1 Industrial Development Policy
The main emphasis of the policy is on diversification of the industrial base. Its objective is to
encourage a highly productive and efficient export industry, which emphasizes utilization of
local natural resources. It is on this basis that the potential of leather products needs to be
enhanced. There is a local Council abattoir in Jwaneng where people can source skin / hides.
8.2.2 Financial Assistance Policy (FAP) and Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises Policy
(SMME)
The main objectives of the policies at district level were:
To foster citizen entrepreneurship and empowerment

To promote exports oriented manufacturing sector
To achieve economic diversification
To encourage the development of a competitive and sustainable business
community.
However, to foster efficient cost recovery measures, these two policies have been replaced by
CEDA. It must be noted that FAP was 90% grant, while SMME offered loans at 15% interest
rate. The rate of defaulting cases was high due to lack of a proper monitoring systems. There
are currently 23 industries that are operational in Jwaneng that were financed by FAP and
SMME.
8.2.3 Citizen Entrepreneurship Development Agency (CEDA)

CEDA is an agency for the development of viable, sustainable citizen owned business
enterprises. It provides financial assistance in the form of loans at subsidized interest rates.
Through CEDA one can get a loan from P500 to P150 000 at a 5% interest rate per annum
and P150 001 to P2 million at 7% per annum. Citizens aged 18 years and over qualify for
such loans. One can fund expansion of an existing business or a totally new business venture.
There is a CEDA office based in Kanye that assists the district‟s prospective entrepreneurs
with financial assistance for viable and sustainable proposals.
8.2.4 Consumer Protection Act

The aim of this legislation is to provide protection and support to consumers by means of
investigation, prohibition and control of unfair business practices. During UDP2 the district
will continue its education campaign on consumer rights and promotion of formation of
consumer groups as well as mediation in consumer complaints through the Department of
Consumer Affairs, which is mandated to do so.
There is an office at Kanye that also covers Jwaneng.
8.2.5 The National Licensing Act

It empowers the National Licensing Authority to issue licenses for certain trading activities.
This Act is however under review. Licensing helps to ensure that health and safety standards
are met, prevents illegal aliens from establishing businesses and provides an opportunity to
gauge the magnitude of the manufacturing sector, including other important attributes such as
employment, level of exports and type of product.
55
8.2.6 Tourism Policy
The general objective of the policy is to obtain, on a sustainable basis, the greatest possible
net social and economic benefits for Botswana from their tourism resources, scenic beauty,
wildlife and unique ecological, geological and cultural characteristics. Specifically it aims to:
Increase foreign exchange earnings

Generate employment, mainly in rural areas
Raise income in rural areas to reduce urban drift
Generally promote rural development and to stimulate service provision in
remote areas.
There is nothing definite planned for tourism in this plan period. However, the Jwaneng
Town Council is exploring the possibility of developing an amusement park during the plan
period as a way of promoting tourism in the township.
8.2.7 Tourism Enterprise Licensing

The requirement is that any tourism enterprise to operate, it should be licensed. There are
four broad categories of tourism enterprises as shown in Table 8.1. Their ownership status is
also indicated.
Table 8.1 Tourism Enterprises and Ownership Status
Ownership Status in Jwaneng Town

Category Definition Citizen Non Joint Unknown Total
Citizen
A Operations that offer facilities only on site such 0 0 0 0 00
as hotel, motels, guesthouses, & apartments
B Operations that offer facilities on and off site 2 0 1 0 3
such as tourist Camps, lodges, caravans, hunting
camps and tented tourist Camps which operate
tours that require the services of professional
hunters
C Operations that offer facilities off site only, such 0 0 0 0 0
as Safari or tour operators and any enterprises
that receives and transport travellers and guests
D Operations that act as agents only, such as travel 0 0 0 0 0
agents.
Total 2 0 1 0 3
Source: Tourism Office Gaborone, 2003

It should also be noted that the Trans Kalahari highway forms part of tourism as the town
benefits from tourists going through to Namibia when they stop overnight for lodging in
Jwaneng.
8.2.8 Wildlife Conservation Policy, 1986

The aim of this policy is to encourage long-term commercial development of the wildlife
industry, in order to create economic opportunities, jobs and incomes for the rural population
in particular and the nation at large for them to appreciate and conserve wildlife and other
resources. There is a lot of wildlife within the planning area, which the town is not directly
56
benefiting from, as the parks are owned by Debswana. The species include giraffe, baboons,
springbok, hyena, heart-beast and kudu.
8.2.9 Wildlife Conservation and National Parks Act, 1992

The Act provides for conservation and management of the wildlife of Botswana; giving effect
to CITES and any other international convention for the protection of fauna and flora to which
Botswana is, from time to time, a party. It also provides for the establishment, control and
management of National Parks, Game Reserves, and for matters incidental thereto or
connected therewith.
The Parks available in the planning area are owned by Debswana, and these are Tholo and
Jwana Parks. The parks are used for mine employees‟ refreshments, camping facilities by
everybody and for conservation, environmental and educational purposes by schools.
8.2.10 Community Based Natural Resources Management (CBNRM) Policy

The CBNRM policy which is in draft form, aims at improving the conservation of Botswana‟s
resources, enhance economic and social development in rural areas and to provide
opportunities for community participation and capacity building regarding natural resource
management of forest resources, national parks and game reserves.
Currently, there is nothing for CBNRM within the planning area.
8.3 TRADE AND INDUSTRY

8.3.1 Trade and Industry
Trade in the district is largely retail-based, with only one wholesale outlet. More needs to be
done to attract more investors to the township to make it an attractive investment location for
industrial and commercial development. The ongoing construction of a shopping complex
will offer consumers a wide choice of goods and services.
Industrial activity is limited to small-scale enterprises and the full potential of industrial
development in the district has not been adequately explored.
8.3.2 CEDA
The Government has introduced CEDA to encourage citizens to undertake industry related
activities after the phasing out of FAP. CEDA was established as a result of the
recommendations from the National Conference on Citizen Economic Empowerment and 4th
evaluation of FAP. Unlike FAP, CEDA will be providing loans to all forms of businesses.
CEDA focuses specifically on the development of viable, sustainable citizen owned
businesses, through the development of an access to entrepreneurial and management skills,
training, monitoring and mentoring, provision of finance and sharing of risks. The scheme
will assist small, medium and large-scale enterprises. Promoters are encouraged to contribute
something towards the project cost as equity or owner‟s contribution to share the risk.
CEDA emphasises fostering citizen entrepreneurship and empowerment to achieve economic

diversification in line with the National Development Plan 9 and create sustainable
employment opportunities. The CEDA office in Kanye assists the township‟s potential
entrepreneurs with finance for viable, sustainable citizen owned businesses
57
8.3.3 Tourism
Generally there are limited developed tourism activities in the planning area. This is due to
citizens regarding the town as a mining town, lack of training and difficulties in sourcing start
up capital. In addition there are no serviced plots.
With the advent of CEDA it is hoped that more citizens will be able to successfully venture
into the industry and explore CBNRM activities in and around the township.
8.3.4 Wildlife and National Parks

The Department of Wildlife and National Parks office situated in Kanye, sees its role as
effectively conserving the biodiversity of Botswana whilst ensuring that Batswana appreciate,
participate in and benefit from sustainable utilization of wildlife resources. It will also
continue to support conservation education through, for example, the Environmental Clubs of
Botswana. In this township there is nothing in place for the planning period.
8.4 TRADE, INDUSTRY, WILDLIFE AND TOURISM SECTOR

Table 8.2 Trade, Industry, Wildlife and Tourism Sector Goals and Objectives
GOALS OBJECTIVES
TRADE AND INDUSTRY
To have the industrial development policy 1.To have the industrial development policy reviewed and
continually reviewed. updated by March 2004.
2. To have facilitated the development of 1.To have identified and facilitated the development of
efficient, competitive and export oriented service industries that support competitive manufacturing
industry. by 2003.
2.To have identified and facilitated the development of
industries which have potential for export.
3.To have conducted a gap analysis on industrial and
business skill training for capacity building relevant to
industrial needs.
4.To have facilitated the development, adaptation and
transfer of appropriate technology through the application
of science and research by December 2003.
3. To have industrial sector specific programs 1. To have industrial sectors identified and specific
and entrepreneurial support programs developed, sectoral programs developed
strengthened and continually reviewed. 2. To have implemented cost sharing measures on
entrepreneurial training.
3. To have a strategy for entrepreneurship development
taking on board commercialisation/ privatisation
opportunities by December 2003
4. To enhance Industrial Affairs department 1. To have sectoral consultative mechanism for a
partnership and cooperation with the private developed and strengthened department.
sector and other stakeholders. 2. To develop a strategy to enhance partnership with the
private sectors and other stakeholders.
5.To facilitate the availability of industry specific 1.To have facilitated a user friendly access to business
infrastructure and services. infrastructure services on a continuous basis.
2.To continuously encourage local Authorities in

cooperation with business communities to provide
infrastructure facilities and promotion strategies for their
communities.
58
GOALS OBJECTIVES
TRADE AND INDUSTRY
TOURISM
To have identified all potential tourism opportunities by
1. To increase economic benefits to local 2006.
communities through identifying and developing
other tourism products
2.To empower citizens through increasing their 2.To increase citizen participation in the tourism industry.
ownership and management of tourism
enterprises.
3.To have readily available tourism information. 3. To update stakeholders on tourism developments on a
continuous basis.
WILDLIFE
There are no goals and objectives for the

department in this district.
The above goals and objective are national level goals and objectives and there is nothing
planned for Jwaneng during UDP II.

ASSESSMENT
8.5.1 Evaluation of Sector Policies and Programs
The implementation of CEDA through financial assistance to the community will result in
more investment from different sectors such as Tourism, Commercial, Wildlife and Industrial
activities into the township. This will result in more physical projects hence more demand for
land. There will also be vegetation clearance, increase in solid and liquid waste and
indiscriminate extraction of gravel and sand.
8.6 STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE TRADE, INDUSTRY, TOURISM AND

WILDLIFE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
The Integrated Field Services has been mainly set to support the development of small-scale
enterprises in urban centres. Small entrepreneurs were assisted through FAP grants to enable
them to start businesses as a way of encouraging diversification of the economy.
As a way of achieving this the department will,
Continue monitoring of operating projects and extensive training to these

entrepreneurs, to equip them with skills compatible with their projects, it is
essential that training centres and / or facilities be effective, more especially
that clients transport themselves to and from the course venues, and look for
their own accommodation,
Facilitate extensive coverage of projects, it is essential that manpower be
improved in the town.
Develop an inventory of tourism opportunities by 2006,
Dissemination of information on tourism investment opportunity to citizens.
Development of district business advisory centres, newsletters, tourism
attraction inventory and produce a regional brochure by end of the plan period.
59
Proposed projects
The department of Industrial Affairs is proposing to build two staff houses in Jwaneng.
During this plan period there are no proposed projects for Tourism and Wildlife and National
Parks for this town.
Potential impacts of proposed projects

There are environmental threats, such as litter, waste from investment activities, destruction of
vegetation, water pollution and clearing of vegetation for industrial projects.
8.6.1 Mitigation measures

Ensuring strict adherence to waste management in all investors‟ factories, strict monitoring on
disposal of waste from investment; landfill facilities must be used, planting of trees to replace
debushed vegetation during structure construction, proper drainage systems and landscaping
must be taken into account.
8.7 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR UDP2

The district is faced with a big challenge of achieving sustainable economic growth and
diversification by broadening the base of the manufacturing and tourism sectors. Given the
small market size, there is a need to depend on regional and global markets to offer wider and
diversified market opportunities.
There are however, issues of concern in the district that make it difficult if not impossible to
achieve the goals and objectives. The major constraint is unavailable serviced industrial plots.
This constraint will continue disadvantaging the small enterprises.
Most offices and / or organizations that promote and advise small business communities are
mainly established in Kanye and Gaborone, and have not opened their service centres in the
township. This has a negative impact on the progress of businesses in the township.
8.7.1 Development Budget for UDP2
Development Budget for The Industrial Affairs Department

Project title Objective Implementation period Funding
Construction of IFS Provide
staff houses accommodation for 2008 /2009 P694 580.32
officers
60
CHAPTER NINE
9 EDUCATION AND TRAINING
9.1 INTRODUCTION
The Jwaneng Town population benefits from the Ministry of Education (MoE) provisions at
pre-primary, primary, secondary and tertiary levels.
Overall policy direction and provision of education is the responsibility of the Ministry of
Education through its various departments. These departments include primary education,
secondary education, Vocational Education and Training and non-formal education.
Department of Primary Education

The Department of Primary Education has an overall responsibility of providing appropriate
and effective primary education that would enable young learners within the country to
acquire basic skills, abilities, and general knowledge and develop talents thereby becoming
self-reliant and useful members of society. The department specifically deals with the
identification and review of educational needs, inspection of schools, advising local
authorities and other stakeholders on educational developments and provision, setting,
monitoring and evaluation of educational standards, facilitation of in-service training of
teachers and department of primary education staff, empowerment of school management
teams and managing the development of pre-primary and primary education system in
general.
Department of Secondary Education

The Department of Secondary Education in the Ministry of Education is responsible for the
provision of secondary education throughout the country mainly in terms of provision of
facilities, equipment, and school furniture. The department also supervises development
services through its inspectorate section, manages and trains secondary school teachers and
implements the curriculum.
Department of Vocational Education and Training

This department deals with the development of policies of institutions in consultation with
other stakeholders and coordination of development projects through its Policy Development
and Delivery Division. The Department, through its Programme Development and Delivery
Division also deals with the curriculum, such as whether the curriculum adheres to the
Revised National Policy on Education and Vision 2016. It assists teachers in the
implementation of the curriculum. The Human Resources Management Division is
responsible for recruitment and development of teachers, in terms of training, in colleges.
Lastly, the Departmental Management Division oversees the overall administration of the
department.
61
Department of Non-formal Education
The Department of non-formal education is responsible for out of school education in the
country, which is executed through the National Literacy Programme.
The Ministry of Local Government on the other hand has responsibility over provision of
primary education facilities and equipment through local authorities such as councils.
9.1.2 Strategic plans for respective ministries

Ministry of Education
The Ministry of Education strategic goals relevant to Jwaneng are outlined below:
a. To provide comprehensive and innovative pre-primary programme in order to

enhance learner‟s readiness. In line with this objective, the Jwaneng Town Council
operates a Day Care Centre and plans to upgrade the existing Day Care Centre by
constructing 4 more classrooms so as to increase the intake thereby contributing to
the enhancement of learner‟s readiness.
b. To ensure equity and equal opportunity in the provision of education and training.
The junior secondary schools‟ goal for the plan period is to sustain universal access
to Junior Secondary Education by promoting readmission of school dropouts in
Jwaneng. This will ensure equity and equal opportunity in the provision of
secondary education. The Jwaneng Technical College on the other hand will
introduce new vocational training programmes. (Agriculture, multi-media
production and tourism), increase the number of physical facilities to accommodate
day release programmes, increase the boarding capacity and gradually increase
under each institutional intake, the numbers of physically challenged students and
remote area dwellers. This will also ensure equity and equal opportunity in the
provision of vocational education
c. To promote access and use of information and communication technology (ICT) in
the management and delivery of education and training. The Jwaneng Junior
Secondary Schools will expose students to computer literacy by training students in
computer programmes.
Ministry of Local Government

The strategic goal for the Ministry of Local Government relevant to Jwaneng is “To improve
quality of life of Batswana by coordinating and providing basic infrastructure and social
services” The Ministry‟s mandate in education is the provision of primary education facilities
and equipment through local authorities such as Jwaneng Town Council.
The Jwaneng Town Council therefore in line with this goal, has planned to provide education
facilities in the township schools by constructing classrooms, teachers‟ quarters, toilets and
resource centres. The main objective of this is to reduce the existing backlog of such facilities
to ensure a conducive learning environment for students. This is also in line with the Revised
National Policy on Education.
9.1.3 The role of the private sector

In Jwaneng the private sector plays a very important role in the education sector through the
provision of pre-primary and primary education. The Debswana Jwaneng Mine operates and
owns a pre primary school (Acacia Day Care Centre) and an English Medium Primary School
(Acacia Primary School). In addition, there are 5-Day Care Centres in the township operated
by different members of the community. These are Mmelegi Day Care Centre, Rainbow Day
62
Care Centre, Busy Kids Day Care Centre, Broadvision Day Care Centre and Ikageng Day
Care Centre.

The following are consultation priorities that were raised by the community during
consultations:
Provision of another council Day Care Centre

Construction of a primary school in unit 6
Shortage of accommodation for teachers

9.2.1 Revised National Policy on Education
Government has committed itself to continued and sustained improvements in the relevance
and quality of education, as well as access to education the 1994 Revised National Policy on
Education. The policy outlines the government‟s commitment in relation to pre-primary
education, primary education, secondary education, vocational and technical training, tertiary
education, special education and out of school education as shown below:
Pre-primary education
There is recognition by government of the need to develop an effective and comprehensive
policy on pre-primary education in order to link it to the formal education system in the long
run. However, it is currently not possible for government to commit itself to the provision of
pre-primary education on a universal basis given the scale of government commitment to
other areas of support. Government will however continue to provide an enabling
environment for the expansion of this level of education as well as provision of trained
teachers and effective supervision.
In Jwaneng, Council has a Day Care Centre, which is unable to absorb all children of pre-
school going age. The Jwaneng Town Council will therefore continue to make efforts to
expand the Day Care Centre to increase its admission capacity and encourage the private
sector to establish additional Day Care Centres.
Primary School
Government recognises the need to achieve universal access to primary education. However,
increased access to primary education has not been accompanied by a corresponding
provision of educational inputs such as classrooms and teachers‟ housing.
The Jwaneng Town Council will continue during the plan period to expand the schools,
construct a new one and provide teachers‟ accommodation to facilitate access by the highest
number of pupils to education opportunities with a view to enhancing the educated and
informed nation pillar of vision 2016.
Secondary Education
Enrolments have increased in absolute terms at senior secondary school level and government
has provided a nationwide network of schools with adequate resources. Government
recognises the need to expand access at senior secondary in order to meet the demand for
people with qualification of this level both by the economy and training institutions.
63
It is proposed during the plan period to construct academic facilities, accommodation facilities
and provide furniture and equipment for the two schools in line with the vision 2016 pillar of
an Educated and Informed Nation.
Vocational Education
The Revised National Policy on Education advocates increased access to Vocational
Education and Training. The Technical College in Jwaneng will embark on upgrading of the
college during the plan period in terms of provision of school facilities and construction of
teachers houses. In line with the vision 2016 pillar of an Educated and Informed Nation,
Jwaneng Technical College will provide a state of the art resource centre and enrich the
curriculum by introducing more courses. The college will also enhance the spirit of empathy
through various school clubs to extend their hands to the less privileged members of the
community, thereby achieving the vision 2016 pillar of a Compassionate, Just and Caring
Nation.
Special Education
Provision of education for children with disabilities still remains limited partly as a result of
lack of data on incidence and categories of disability among children. It is estimated on the
basis of international data that about 10 % of children have some form of disability in
Botswana. Government remains committed to all children‟s education including disabled ones
and will therefore intensify efforts to increase access to education for disabled children.
In Jwaneng, Council and the Ministry of Education will during the plan period provide
facilities, which are user friendly by disabled children. The Council has in fact started with
purchase of special education materials for the disabled pupils at Dinonyane Primary School
where all disabled children have been grouped from all the four primary schools. The
intention during the plan period is to construct a special education classroom block to meet
the needs of disabled children.
9.2.2 Policy on Tertiary Education

The University of Botswana in conjunction with other tertiary institutions strives to:
Equip students with knowledge, skills, and attitudes suitable for their future
employment.
Provide continuing education in order to equip society with life long skills to
cope with existing and future problems in a rapidly changing world.
Diversify methods of delivery of its academic programmes in order to enhance
access to higher education.
In Jwaneng, the above objectives are facilitated through the UB Centre for Continuing
Education based at Morama CJSS and at the Jwaneng Technical College, which also equips
students with vocational training.
9.3 EDUCATION
9.3.1 Schools
Pre-schools Education
There is currently 1 Day Care Centre in Jwaneng, which is operated by the Jwaneng Town
Council. The present capacity of the existing Council day care centre is unable to absorb all
64
the children in Jwaneng of pre-school going age. There is need for expansion at this level of
education. Council through the Social and Community Development Department and in line
with the recommendation of the 1994 Revised National Policy on Education will continue to
make efforts to expand it‟s Butler Dintwa Day Care Centre. In keeping with the pillar of
Vision 2016 of an Educated and Informed Nation, the Jwaneng Town Council will increase
facilities of its Day Care Centre. The current enrolment of the existing council Day Care
Centre is 100 with 5 teachers and the teacher: pupil ration is 1:25.
Primary Education
There are four (4) primary schools in Jwaneng, which are owned by Council. These are
Jwana, Teemane, Kgalagadi and Dinonyane. The current enrolment within the four council
primary schools is as shown on Table 9.1
Table 9.1 Total Enrolment of Jwaneng Town Council‟s Primary Schools
School Enrolment
Jwana Primary School 468
Dinonyane Primary School 703
Teemane Primary School 837
Kgalagadi Primary School 486
The current teacher: pupil ratio ranges from 1:25 to 1:36. The backlog on classrooms in all the
primary schools is currently 18 and the backlog for teachers‟ houses is 64. As such in the four
Council Primary Schools, priority will be devoted to implementing aspects of the Revised
National Policy on Education. The main aim being to reduce classrooms, toilets,
administration blocks, kitchens and resource centre deficits. This is intended to facilitate
access by the highest possible number of pupils.
Secondary School Education

There are two Community Junior Secondary Schools (CJSS) in Jwaneng namely Morama
CJSS and Kgosimpe CJSS with a total teacher establishment of 73 and a student enrolment of
927. Common problems faced by both schools include inadequate teaching space, lack of art
laboratories and high maintenance costs as a result of lime deposits in water, which lead to
clogging of water reticulation systems in both schools. As a result of inadequate teaching
space, some classes end up using specialist rooms as base rooms, which results in destruction
of installations in the specialist rooms.
Vocational Training
The Jwaneng Technical College was officially opened in August 1988. It has a total
attendance enrolment fluctuating from 350 to 530. The ratio of male students to female is 1:3.
The age range is 18 to 25 for new entrants and 25 to 40 for National Craft Certificate
programmes graduates. UDP II plan period will address the increase in the intake in terms of
curriculum and the provision of new facilities at the college. It is planned that more facilities
will be introduced and new facilities constructed so as to increase the intake.
Non-formal Education
The Ministry of Education‟s primary goal is to create learning and educated society where
learning is seen as a lifelong learning process. The Department of Non-Formal Education has
therefore developed programmes to fulfil part of this primary goal by providing out of school
65
learning opportunities with an aim to teach adults and youth who wish to learn new skills and
acquire more knowledge to apply in their day to day life activities.
The Non- Formal Education sector in Jwaneng is covered by the Mabutsane office.
Private Schools
There are 5 Day Care Centres in the township, which are privately owned by different
members of the community. These are Mmelegi Day Care Centre, Rainbow Day Care Centre,
Busy Kids Day Care Centre, Broadvision Day Care Centre, Ikageng Day Care Centre and
Acacia Day Care Centre operated by Debswana Jwaneng Mine.
There is also one English Medium Primary School owned by the Debswana Jwaneng Mine.
The Debswana Mine owned primary school is well catered for in terms of facilities..
Botswana College of Distance Learning (BOCODOL)

Morama Community Study Centre falls under the Gaborone region and it started operating in
April 2001 with about 41 new learners who enrolled for different subjects in JC, GCE and
BGSE programmes.
Table 9.2 JC/BGCSE BOCODOL Enrolment Statistics 2001/2002 [Per Subject] - Junior
Certificate
Subjects 2001 2002 Totals

English 13 1 14
Maths 10 25 35
Social Studies 4 12 16
G/Science 9 25 34
R/Education 5 9 14
O/Procedures 1 2 3
Commerce 1 4 5
Book-keeping & Acc 2 0 2
Setswana 11 23 34
P/Agric 2 27 29
Total 186
Table 9.3 Subjects offered
CABS DABS
Basic English Financial Management
Business Economics Advanced accounting
Intermediate accounting Business management
Commerce & Law Auditing
Book keeping Costing
Principles of Cost accounting Business English
Business mathematics Data processing
Business Administration Economics
66
9.3.2 Training
Until recently, education has been supported largely by the concept that the door of
democracy is unlocked by education. Education and training therefore are key to a successful
economy, hence they have to be planned appropriately to harvest good economic returns.
During this plan period, the Department of Vocational Training will endeavour to (inline with
the Revised National Education Policy on Education, the vocational training act and regular
instruments from the Ministry of Education) increase enrolment by providing both short and
long term courses with full certificates and certificates of attendance to the community in
general. The target groups include the unemployed, school leavers, those in employment and
adult returnees wishing to revitalize their careers or improve their employability.
9.3.2.1 Commercial Technical and Vocational Training
In Jwaneng, this responsibility is carried out by the Jwaneng Technical College on behalf of
DVET and MTTC to offer a four-year National Craft Certificate programmes to sponsored
employees from industry and to train school leavers for 2 years for trade test C under the same
programme. This tripartite system is in the process of being streamlined for the betterment of
the new training system.
DVET on the other hand is implementing BTEP programmes in Technical Colleges as

empowered by the vocational training Act.
As part of its mandate and based on its vision and mission statements the Jwaneng technical
College responds to the empowerment of youth and employees to offer vocational training in
the district. Opened in August 1988, the college is now 15 years old. It has a total attendance
enrolment fluctuating from 350 to 530. The ratio of male students to female is 1:3. The age
range is 18 to 25 for new entrants and 25 to 40 for NCC programmes graduates. A master
plan UNDP9/ UDP2 will address the increase in the intake in terms of curricular and the
provision of new facilities at the college. The present training programme capacity status quo
is described below:
Programmes and courses

a. Building Construction Engineering
Painting and decoration
Plumbing
Carpentry
Construction
b. Mechanical Engineering
Machine fitting
Maintenance fitting
Welding and fabrication
c. Electrical Engineering
Electrical Installation
d. Business Studies
Secretarial
Accounts
e. Information Communication and Technology
Computer Operators course
Word processing – Excel, Access, Power Point
f. Design and Textile
67
Knitting
Dress making
g. New areas of BTEP
Electrical and Mechanical Engineering courses
Information and communication technology
Key Skills
h. Other areas of BTEP to be implemented are:
Business studies:
Construction
Design and textile
Under UDP2 and in addition to the existing training programmes the expansion programme
will address the following areas of training:
Agriculture, Tourism, and Multi media communication.
It is anticipated that at the end of the plan period the Jwaneng Technical College will be able
to cater for 1000 students (boarding and day students inclusive). Hostels capacity: 5 students‟
hostels per room (240), and 2 students‟ Hostels for female students (120).
9.4 EDUCATION AND TRAINING SECTOR GOALS AND

OBJECTIVES
During the plan period Jwaneng educational sectors will endeavour to achive the following in
line with the revised National Policy on Education and the general guidelines from the
Ministry of Education:
Pre-School
Goal
To make pre-schooling accessible to more children.
Objectives
To construct additional four classrooms, at Butler Dintwa Day Care Centre so
as to increase intake.
To employ four (4) teachers and four (4) assistants, and ancillary staff
Primary Education
Goal
To increase access and equity, in order to achieve universal access to primary education
Objectives
To provide adequate primary school facilities (classrooms, teachers‟ quarters, toilets and
resource centres) in all primary schools every financial year until the end of the plan period.
9.4.1 Secondary Education

Goal 1
To enhance capacity for further training of junior secondary school-leavers
68
Objective
Implementing new diversified curriculum to include technical and business subjects.
Goal 2
To sustain universal access to junior secondary education.
Objective
To promote readmission of school drop outs
To construct academic and accommodation facilities and provide furniture and
equipment in both the secondary schools
Goal 3
To expose all students to computer literacy and provide computer literacy to the public.
Objective
To train students and the public through the facilities that schools have in place.
9.4.2 Vocational Education

The overall goal for Vocational Education and Training is “to develop the full potential of
Botswana's human resources to meet the current and future needs of the individual and those
of the entire country's economy”. As part of this plan, the Jwaneng Technical College will
endeavour to pursue amongst others, Department of Vocational and Training objectives.
a. To increase access to Technical and Vocational Training through DVET expansion

programmes based on the Jwaneng Technical College master plan by:
Introducing new vocational training programmes. (Agriculture, multi-media
production and tourism).
Increasing the number of physical facilities to accommodate day release
programmes
Increasing the boarding capacity
b. To facilitate access to VET for disadvantaged groups by implementing DVET
policy on access and equity by:
Gradually increasing under each institutional intake, the numbers of physically
challenged students and remote area dwellers. Prospective students in this
category shall constitute 1/3 of the total intake).
c. To intensify training for self-employment for various target groups. (The target
groups include enrolled students, the unemployed, school leavers, those in
employment and adult returnees wishing to revitalise their careers or improve their
employability).
By offering courses in enterprise education, that is, entrepreneurial and key
skills courses.
9.4.3 Non-formal Education
69
Goal
To implement the Adult Basic Education Programme, the post literacy and life skills
programme and the out of school children‟s education programme that are accredited.
Objectives
To strengthen the support system for learners and facilitators
To strengthen the infusion and management of HIV/AIDS/STI education in the
Department of Non-formal education programmes.
To construct a learning resource centre during financial year 2005/2006.
9.4.4 Centre for Continuing Education (UB)

During the Plan period, graduates of Diploma in accounting and business studies (DABS) will
be able to progress and proceed to part time Degree programs that will be available at the
individual centres, Jwaneng inclusive. They will also have a chance to take up other
professional qualifications such as ACCA, CIMA, and ICSA.
To achieve the above, the centre will:
Get affiliated to International professional bodies in order to receive the

relevant information and examinations.
Recruit capable lecturers who will handle degree and other professional
programs effectively.
9.4.5 BOCODOL
During the plan period, BOCODOL will endeavour to:
Develop new programmes -post basic, vocational & professional management

courses
Roll out programmes to other areas especially in rural areas around Jwaneng.
Provide guidance & counselling through all the stages of learning cycle, for
example, HIV/ AIDS

ASSESSMENT
9.5.1 Evaluation of environmental Key Issues with sector goals and objectives
Pre-Primary Education
The pre-primary education objective of constructing 4 classrooms at Butler Dintwa Day Care
Centre so as to increase the intake is anticipated to have negative impacts on the environment.
The anticipated impacts are listed below:
Vegetation clearance, which may result in soil erosion, Dust and Noise from construction,
mushrooming of burrow pits as a result of indiscriminate extraction of gravel and increase in
solid waste.
70
Primary Education
The goal of primary education is to increase access to universal primary education by
providing classrooms, teachers‟ quarters, toilets and resource centres for all primary schools
in Jwaneng. These new projects are likely to have the following negative impacts on the
environment:
Vegetation clearance, which may result in soil erosion, Dust and Noise from construction,
mushrooming of burrow pits as a result of indiscriminate extraction of gravel and increase in
solid waste. There will also be requirement for more land especially for the construction of
teachers‟ quarters.
Secondary Education
The objective of secondary education of constructing academic and accommodation facilities
will have the following environmental impacts: Vegetation clearance, which may result in soil
erosion, Dust and Noise from construction, mushrooming of burrow pits as a result of
indiscriminate extraction of gravel, increase in solid waste and increased demand for land.
Other objectives such as implementing new diversified curriculum to include technical and
business subjects and facilitating readmission to schools are not anticipated to have any
environmental impacts.
Vocational Education
Vocational education in Jwaneng plans to increase the number of physical facilities to
accommodate day release programmes and increase boarding capacity. These objectives will
entail construction of new facilities within the Jwaneng Technical College such as Boarding
houses and classrooms. The following environmental impacts are anticipated as a result of
construction of these facilities: Vegetation clearance, which may result in soil erosion, Dust
and Noise from construction, mushrooming of burrow pits as a result of indiscriminate
extraction of gravel, increase in solid waste and increased demand for land.
Other goals and objectives are not anticipated to have any environmental impacts.
Non -formal Education

The construction of the learning resource centre will have the following environmental
impacts: Vegetation clearance, which may result in soil erosion, Dust and Noise from
construction, mushrooming of burrow pits as a result of indiscriminate extraction of gravel,
increase in solid waste and increased demand for land. The other goals and objectives result in
non-physical projects and therefore no environmental impacts are anticipated from their
implementation.
The goals and objectives of BOCODOL are not anticipated to have any environmental
impacts mainly because there are no construction activities involved.
9.5.2 Evaluation of sector policies and programmes

One of the recommendations of the Revised National Policy on Education is the reduction of
classrooms, teachers‟ quarters, toilets, administration blocks, kitchens and resource centre
deficits. In order to implement this recommendation more such facilities will be constructed
and the following environmental impacts are anticipated: Clearance of vegetation and bushes,
which may result in soil erosion, more land would be required,
71
Dust and noise will result from construction, Increase in solid waste and wastewater and
requirement for more land.
The other recommendations, which do not involve provision of school facilities, such as the
reduction of pupil: teacher ratio from 40:1 to 30:1 and provision of qualified teachers to
primary schools are not anticipated to have adverse environmental impacts. On a positive
note, the implementation of the policy will ensure equity and access to education in general
thereby promoting the vision 2016 pillar of an Educated and Informed Nation.
The implementation of the Policy on Tertiary Education in Jwaneng however, is not

anticipated to have adverse environmental impacts because it will strive to equip students with
knowledge and skills for their future employment, provide continuing education and
diversifying methods of delivery of its academic programmes in order to enhance access to
higher education.
9.6 STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE EDUCATION AND TRAINING

Table 9.4 Strategies to Achieve Pre-Primary Education Sector Goals and Objectives
Objective Projects/Strategies Potential Impacts Action
To construct 4 Classrooms Demand for more Tree planting and
additional 4 land, vegetation landscaping, Provision of
classrooms at clearance, dust and refuse receptacles,
Butler Dintwa noise from identify areas where
Day Care Centre construction, gravel could be extracted
so as to increase mushrooming of and prepare a
the intake borrow pits as a result management plan for
of indiscriminate collection of gravel.
extraction of gravel
and solid waste
To employ 4 Employment of 4 No anticipated No mitigation measures
teachers and 4 teachers and impacts
teacher assistants
assistants
Table 9.5 Strategies to Achieve Primary Education Sector Goals and Objectives
To provide 6 classrooms (Jwana) Vegetation clearance, Tree planting and
adequate 13 teachers quarters which may result in landscaping, Provision of
primary school (Jwana) soil erosion, Dust and refuse receptacles,
facilities such as Noise from identify areas where
New primary school
classrooms. construction, gravel could be extracted
in unit 6
Teachers mushrooming of and prepare a
quarters, toilets 25 teachers quarters burrow pits as a result management plan for
and resource (new school) of indiscriminate collection of gravel,
centres in all 8 classrooms extraction of gravel, prepare an Environmental
primary schools (Kgalagadi) increase in solid waste Impact Assessment for
in Jwaneng 8 teachers quarters and demand for more major projects like
(Dinonyane) land. construction of a primary
school
12 teachers quarters
(Kgalagadi)
4 classrooms (new
school)
72
Table 9.6 Strategies to Achieve Secondary Education Sector Goals and Objectives
To implement Inclusion of No anticipated No mitigation measures
new diversified Technical and impacts
curriculum to Business subjects
include technical
and business
subjects
To promote Confirm in writing, No anticipated No mitigation measures
readmission of withdrawal and impacts
school dropouts readmission of a
student to the
parent/guardian
To provide Construction of Vegetation clearance, Tree planting and
academic and academic and which may result in landscaping, Provision of
accommodation accommodation soil erosion, Dust and refuse receptacles,
facilities in both facilities Noise from identify areas where
secondary construction, gravel could be extracted
schools mushrooming of and prepare a
burrow pits as a result management plan for
of indiscriminate collection of gravel,
extraction of gravel, prepare an Environmental
increase in solid waste Impact Assessment where
and demand for more it is required.
land.
To train students Inclusion of No anticipated No mitigation measures
and the public Information, impacts
through the Communication and
facilities that Technology in the
schools have in school program and
place. conduct evening
classes for the public
Table 9.7 Strategies to Achieve Vocational Education Sector Goals and Objectives
Goal/Objective Projects/Strategies Potential Impacts Action
To increase access to a. Introducing new No anticipated No mitigation
Technical and vocational training environmental impacts measures
Vocational Training programmes. BTEP
through DVET (I.e. agriculture, tourism
expansion programmes and. multi-media
based on the JTeC production
master plan. I.e. by: Vegetation clearance,
b. Increasing the number of
which may result in soil Tree planting and
physical facilities to
erosion, Dust and Noise landscaping,
accommodate day release
from construction, Provision of refuse
programmes.
mushrooming of receptacles, identify
c. Increasing the boarding burrow pits as a result areas where gravel
capacity of indiscriminate could be extracted
extraction of gravel, and prepare a
increase in solid waste management plan for
and demand for more collection of gravel,
land. prepare an
Environmental
Impact Assessment
where it is required.
To facilitate access to Gradually increasing under No anticipated impacts No mitigation
VET for disadvantaged each institutional intake, measures
groups by implementing the numbers of physically
DVET policy on access
73
Goal/Objective Projects/Strategies Potential Impacts Action
and equity). challenged students.
Include rural remote
dwellers participation.
To intensify training for Provide enterprise No anticipated No mitigation
self-employment for education, that is, environmental impacts measures
various target groups. entrepreneurial and key
skills courses. (The target
groups include enrolled
students,
The unemployed, school leavers, those in employment an
Introduce cost recovery Introduction of caution fees No anticipated No mitigation
to meet all the costs environmental impacts measures
(Budget Speech 2002).
Table 9.8 Strategies to Achieve Non Formal Education Sector Goals and Objectives
1. Access and 1. Continuation of No anticipated No mitigation measures
equity lifelong adult literacy classes environmental
education and Establishment of impacts
training for out Village Out of School
of school Education Advisory
population. Committees
3. Train literacy
group leaders on
aspects of the job
4. Construction of a
resource centre
2. To construct a Tree planting and

learning Vegetation clearance, landscaping, Provision of
resource centre which may result in refuse receptacles,
during financial soil erosion, Dust and identify areas where
year 2005/2006 Noise from gravel could be extracted
construction, and prepare a
mushrooming of management plan for
burrow pits as a result collection of gravel,
of indiscriminate prepare an Environmental
extraction of gravel, Impact Assessment where
increase in solid waste it is required.
and demand for more
land.
74
9.7.1 Development Budget and Performance Targets for UDP II
Table 9.9 Development Budget and Performance Targets for Pre-Primary Education
Programme Project Component Estimated Cost Performance Targets

(P)
LG 1112 4 classrooms 1 000 000 2003/04 – 2008/09
Table 9.10 Development Budget and Performance Targets for Primary Education
Programme Project component Estimated cost (p) Performance targets
LG 1102 6 classrooms (Jwana) 1 500 000 Start date - April 2003
6 Teachers‟ Quarters (Jwana) 1 050 000
4 classrooms (Dinonyane) 1 000 000 End date- March 2004
8 Teachers‟ Quarters (Teemane) 1 400 000
4 Teachers‟ Quarters (Dinonyane) 700 000
Sub Total 5 650 000
New primary school (14 6 500 000 Start date - April 2004
LG 1102 classrooms, Dinning Hall and
Administration Block)
End date- March 2005
12 Teachers‟ Quarters (new

2 100 000
school)
Sub Total 8 600 000
LG 1102 4 classrooms (Kgalagadi) 1 000 000 Start date - April 2005
6 Teachers‟ Quarters (Dinonyane) 1 050 000 End date- March 2006

Sub Total 2 050 000
12 Teachers‟ Quarters 2 220 000 Start date - April 2006
LG 1102 (Kgalagadi)
2 Classrooms (Kgalagadi) 530 000
Sub Total 2 750 000
LG 1102 4 classrooms (new school) 1 060 000 Start date - April 2007
2 Teachers‟ Quarters (Jwana) 370 000 End date- March 2008
Sub Total 1 430 000
LG 1102 2 Teachers‟ Quarters (Dinonyane) 370 000 Start date - April 2008
5 Teachers‟ Quarters (Jwana) 925 000
13 Teachers‟ Quarters (new 2 405 000 End date- March 2009
school) 530 000
2 Classrooms (Kgalagadi) 1 600 000
2 Resource Centres (Jwana,
Dinonyane)
Sub Total 5 830 000
GRAND TOTAL 26 310 000
75
Table 9.11 Development Budget and Performance Targets for Secondary Education
Programme Project Component Estimated Cost (P) Performance Targets
ED 800 – Academic facilities, 1 744 800 2003/04 – 2008/09
Secondary schools KgosiMpe CJSS
accommodation facilities,
furniture and equipment.
Academic facilities, 2 587 725 2003/04 – 2008/09
Morama CJSS
accommodation facilities,
furniture and equipment.
TOTAL 4 332 525
Table 9.12 Development Budget and Performance Targets for Vocational Education
Programme Project Component Estimated Cost (P) Performance Targets
20 housing units Start date - April 2003
(Jwaneng Technical
College
ED 110 – Colleges End date- March 2004
of Education
14 500 000
Technical College
upgrading
2003/04 – 2008/09
TOTAL 14 500 000
Table 9.13 Development Budget and Performance Targets for Non Formal Education
Programme Project component Estimated cost Performance Targets
(P)
ED – 401 Out of Learning resource centre 3 000 000 Start date - April 2005
school education
Total 3 000 000
9.7.2 Plan Monitoring

The pre-primary education and the primary education projects will be monitored by council
through the Education Committee, monthly reports to Finance and General Purposes
Committee and the Chief Officers Management Committee. Quarterly reports will also be
made to the Urban Development Committee and Full Council. In addition to these committees
quarterly progress reports will be sent to the Department of Local Government and
Development in the Ministry of Local Government.
For the secondary, vocational and non-formal education, progress reports will be presented to
the Urban Development Committee quarterly.
76
CHAPTER TEN
10 HEALTH
10.1 INTRODUCTION
The Ministry of Health has the overall portfolio responsibility to attaining health for all
through commitment to the Primary Health Care Strategy. The provision of health services is
however shared with the Ministry of Local Government, which mainly runs the Primary
Health Care System through the District Health Teams comprising Clinics and Environmental
Health. The essence of Primary Health Care System is the prevention, detection and control of
environmental hazards, which affect human health and treatment of disease. The Ministry of
Environment, Wildlife and Tourism through its Department of Sanitation and Waste
Management contributes to the health sector by coordinating and directing the sanitation and
waste management development plans in accordance with the Waste Management Act.
Vision 2016‟s theme of „Towards Prosperity for All‟ strives to achieve, among others, the
below mentioned pillars with regard to human health and environmental management matters.
A compassionate, just and caring nation

The Ministry of Health has a challenge to direct the health services under the auspices of this
pillar. The health sector strives to provide adequate health facilities to reduce congestion at
the existing facilities and also to significantly reduce the distance travelled by patients to such
facilities. Both Vision 2016 and the National Health Policy have envisaged that patients will
have facilities that accommodate their special needs. The Jwaneng Town Council plans to
build an additional clinic at Environmental Unit 7 and provision will be made for the needs of
the disabled.
An educated and informed nation

The Health department aims to intensify health education, especially on behavioural change in
sexual related matters so that by the end of the plan period the percentage of HIV prevalence
would have been reduced from 34% to 20%. The Jwaneng community will also be educated
on the importance of knowing one‟s HIV status so that at the end of the plan period at least
50% of the population would have taken the HIV test at least once.
In order to reach the goal of maintaining a clean, healthy and habitable environment, the
community would need to be educated on proper handling and disposal of waste.
A prosperous, productive and innovative nation

The Health sector calls for effective „stakeholder partnership‟ where all parties recognise that
co-operation will benefit everyone. The National Health Policy strategies aim to involve the
government, private sector, religious and non-governmental organisations and others to all
have a team role in the provision of health care services. Privatisation and/or contracting out
of certain services such as waste management will also contribute to achieving a prosperous,
productive and innovative nation as required by vision 2016.
77
10.1.2 Strategic Plans for Respective Ministries
Ministry of Health
The Ministry of Health is responsible for the health policy formulation and facilitating the
implementation of the policy. The Ministry is committed to the Primary Health Care Strategy
of attaining health for all through prevention, detection and control of environmental hazards
that affect human health and the treatment of human diseases as guided by the national Health
Policy. It also has a duty to provide a comprehensive preventive, promotive, curative and
rehabilitative care services.
The goals of the Ministry of Health are as follows:
To improve the efficiency and cost effectiveness of health care delivery.

To ensure equitable distribution of health care delivery.
To improve the quality of health care
To attain appropriate skilled personnel
To strengthen primary health care Programmes.
Jwaneng will strive to achieve these goals by aligning its own goals to the Ministry of
Health‟s goals.
Ministry of Local Government

The Ministry of Local Government‟s core business is to provide basic physical and social
facilities as well as Primary Health Care to communities through the Local Government
Service Management. The Ministry‟s key result areas include:
Provision of and maintenance of infrastructure

Human resource development management
Customer satisfaction
Policy implementation effectiveness
Productivity and organisational effectiveness.
The goals and objectives of the ministry are upheld by the Jwaneng health care sector through
the implementation of performance or productivity management tools such as Performance
Management Systems (PMS) and Work improvement Teams (WITS)

The Private sector is significantly contributing to the provision of health services in Jwaneng.
The Jwaneng Mine Hospital acts as a referral facility, not only for the local clinics, but also
for the surrounding villages in the Southern District as the town is located within the district.
The hospital has also been assigned the responsibility to coordinate the screening and
treatment of the adult HIV/AIDS patients for the implementation of the Anti Retro Viral
Therapy (ARV) programme.
In addition to the mine hospital, the town has one private medical practitioner, two
pharmacies and one optometrist. There is also a visiting ophthalmic team from the Kanye
SDA Hospital on weekly basis. Jwaneng community and the surrounding villages benefit
from the services rendered by all these private entities.
78
As part of efforts to intensify the fight against the spread of HIV/AIDS in the town, a multi-
sectoral AIDS committee has been formed, the membership of which comprises of all the
stakeholders in Jwaneng including the private sector. The Town Health Committee and Home
Based Care Volunteers also take part in the dissemination of information pertaining to
HIV/AIDS. Numerous seminars/workshops continue to be held to sensitise the community on
various health issues. Some NGOs of importance in Jwaneng are as discussed below:
Masedi HIV/AIDS Project

This is a project, which is under the United Congregational Church of Southern Africa
(UCCSA) church. Its aim is to curb the spread of HIV/AIDS and encourage youth to abstain
from pre-marital sex. They have planted various fruit trees in order to supply them to HBC
patients in future. Currently they are providing free vegetables to HBC patients.
Voluntary Counselling and Testing

Apart from Ditsweletse and Tshimologo clinic, HIV/AIDS counselling is also provided at
Tebelopele Voluntary Counselling and Testing Centre and Thutano Centre.
Tebelopele Voluntary Counselling and Testing. Tebelopele is a name given

to a network of Voluntary Counselling & Testing (VCT) Centres in Botswana.
The Centres are open to serve members of the public who would like to know
their HIV/AIDS status. The mission of Tebelopele is to provide quality,
accessible, confidential & user friendly Voluntary Counselling & Testing
Services throughout Botswana.
Tebelopele VCT Centres provide free anonymous HIV/AIDS Counselling to
those who seek the service. To protect confidentiality clients are not required to
give their names. Only a code number is given to each client for identification
of the test & for future reference. HIV test results are available on the same
day, for those who feel ready to receive them.
Thutano centre. This is an extension of the Jwaneng mine and its main
functions include VCT, and support of People Living with HIV/AIDS
(PLWHA).
Mpule Kwelagobe Orphanage Centre

This centre is owned by the ministry of Local Government and run by the Roman Catholic
Church and currently assists orphans with shelter and clothes. The centre should be expanded
in the near future so that it can accommodate a larger number. Some children are from other
districts.
10.1.4 Health Consultation Priorities

10.1.4.1 Additional Hospital
The community, through the ward development committees, still maintains that an additional
hospital should be built in Jwaneng. If not a district hospital, at least a primary hospital should
be provided for the reasons given below:-
Very limited capacity of the mine hospital (84 beds only)

Influx of the surrounding areas‟ residents to the Jwaneng health facilities.
Priority for consultation is given to the mine employees.
The increase in home based care patients in an era of the antiretroviral therapy.
79
Increasing population size of the town.
The proposal for a hospital has been long outstanding but unfortunately the Ministry of Health
rejected it in 2001.
10.1.4.2 Diseases
HIV/AIDS.
Presently 34% of the Jwaneng population is affected according to the 2002 sentinel
surveillance.
Tuberculosis (TB)
Cases are gradually on the increase as a co- infection of HIV/AIDS.
10.1.4.3 Social Ills

Squatting and Overcrowding
Squatters are an environmental disaster in Jwaneng and the problem is worsened by the
delayed servicing of Environmental Unit 8 and 9 since those squatters who claim to have long
applied for plots have resorted to putting up sharks at the industrial area. Since there are no
sanitation facilities people resort to use nearby bushes as their „toilets‟. Overcrowding is
more pronounced in Unit 1, Industrial Site and Unit 2 SHHA areas. This unhealthy state of
affairs poses a lot of health problems since some people with infectious conditions
indiscriminately dispose of their waste thus making the outbreaks of diseases highly likely.
Alcohol Abuse
Alcohol abuse is another social ill significantly contributing to the health problems in the
town. The High incidence of HIV/AIDS, TB defaulters prevalence, domestic violence, incest,
defilement and rape are highly likely attributable to alcohol abuse.
10.1.4.4 Unemployment
People from surrounding areas come in large numbers to look for employment opportunities
in Jwaneng and upon not getting jobs they resort to unhealthy habits such as prostitution,
alcohol abuse and crime. All these fuel the spread of diseases, for example STDs, including
HIV/AIDS and TB, mostly presenting as a core infection of HIV/AIDS.
10.1.4.5 Staff Situation

The council clinics experience a dire shortage of midwives as a result of training, transfer outs
and resignations. This has left the few who are there to be overworked and demotivated. The
same applies to Environmental Health staff, which are also attracted by greener pastures,
mostly at the mines.
10.1.4.6 District Health Team

Jwaneng also needs to have a well established District Health Team comprising of all the
cadres stipulated by the National Health Policy. The team‟s importance is to plan, implement
and coordinate the health care services to meet the demands of the service users in the town.
80
10.1.4.7 Waste Management
A Waste Management Plan for Jwaneng Town is lacking. The Waste Management Act 1998
requires that each local authority should prepare a waste management programme and submit
the same to the Department of Sanitation and Waste Management for compilation of the
National Waste Management Plan and subsequent incorporation into the National
Development Plan. The preparation of the plan is deemed necessary to assist with strategies of
dealing with the ever-evolving waste management challenges. The major problem in Jwaneng
is garden waste management and provision has been made in this plan to compost it and
produce a more valuable soil conditioner.

10.2.1 National Policy on HIV/AIDS
The National policy on HIV/AIDS outlines the national response to the epidemic in
Botswana. It describes the role of national leaders, various government ministries, the private
sector, non-governmental and community based organisations, persons living with the
HIV/AIDS virus, and individual community members, in the national response.
The guiding principles underpinning this policy are based on current scientific
epidemiological and medical knowledge about the distribution and transmission of HIV/AIDS
and other sexually transmitted diseases and proven effective interventions in prevention and
care, In addition, cognisance is taken of the public health rationale for respecting the human
rights, privacy and self determination of persons living with HIV/AIDS, in line with the
country‟ constitution. At the same time, the responsibility of the persons with HIV/AIDS to
protect others from infection, as well as the right of society to that protection are taken into
account.
The policy forms the basis on which a national strategic plan will be developed. Within the
national strategic plan, different ministries and organisations will formulate their sectoral
plans and projects for implementation.
In Jwaneng, the District Multi-Sectoral AIDS Committee (DMSAC) meets quarterly to

formulate strategies to curb the spread of HIV/AIDS in the district. One of the strategies
adopted has been to form AIDS committees in all government and non-government
organisations as well as to train peer educators and HIV/AIDS counsellors in respective
sectors.
10.2.2 National Health Policy

The National Health Policy adopted by the Government in 1995 clearly states that
government can only provide services that it can afford and the community has to be made
aware of what is within the financial capacity of the public health services. The health care
system is based on the principles of Primary Health Care contained in the Alma Ata
Declaration of 1978. The policy has a mandate to support the development of the private
sector and in particular, the cooperation of such sectors with the public sector will be
encouraged.
When planning health activities, government emphasizes on health promotion and care, and
disease prevention as top priorities. Similarly, Jwaneng Town Council, in consultation with
the Ministry, shall be responsible for planning, provision and evaluating of basic health
services mainly for persons resident in the township but will also continue to assist the
Southern District residents like it has been doing consistently.
81
Such services shall be in accordance with the Government policy and any guidelines as may
be issued from time to time, and they include the following as a minimum:-
Health promotion and avoidance of ill-health,

Health care curative services, encompassing diagnosis and treatment of
patients, and referral if or when necessary,
Community health services and family health care services
Environmental sanitation.
Private sector involvement as outlined in section 10.1 will form an integral part of primary
health care services and that will include waste management where the service will continue
to be partly contracted out during the plan period. This will improve stakeholder partnership
and contribute to the achievement of Vision 2016 pillar of „Building a Prosperous, Productive
And Innovative Nation.‟
The National health policy further elaborates on the need to have appropriate staff and a
management and support team to coordinate, plan and provide practical support and guidance
in its district. It gives each council the mandate to determine the organisational structure of its
Health Department (District Health Team) including the selection of its head. Most
unfortunately, the District Health Team does not exist in Jwaneng. This will need to be
addressed in the plan period, in collaboration with the Primary Health Care Coordinating
Committee in the Ministry of Local Government and the Ministry of Health.
10.2.3 Health Strategy and Plans

The health services comprise public health services, operated by the Government, or by
districts/ town/city councils or services supported by Government such as Christian mission
hospitals and private health services, subject to, and run in accordance with relevant
legislation, such as commercial private hospitals, mine hospitals, and practices operated by
various practitioners registered in accordance with the Medical, Dental and Pharmacy Act,
and the Nurses and Midwives Act. The Ministry of Health administers those hospitals
operated by Government, and the clinics and health posts are directly administered by the
councils in whose areas they are situated. All these components of the health system have a
common goal and as such they shall cooperate and function as a coherent system.
All health services in Jwaneng, whether private or public, shall establish internal control
systems, and ensure that their services and activities are planned, executed and maintained in
accordance with generally accepted technical and professional standards, with existing
legislation and such guidelines as may, from time to time, be issued by the ministry of Health.
10.2.4 Waste Management Act

The Waste Management Act lays down the framework for the planning, facilitation and
implementation of advanced systems for regulating the management of controlled waste in
order to prevent harm to human, animal and plant life as well as to minimise pollution of the
environment.
Vision 2016 aspires to have „A Moral and Tolerant Nation.‟ Jwaneng town also wishes to
have residents who are law abiding and who possess high ethical standards. The provisions of
the Act will be implemented in Jwaneng to bring the offenders to book. This will be achieved
through the adoption of agreed strategies such as the formation of an enforcement committee
comprising of all departments from which Waste Management Act Enforcement officers have
been appointed. Environmental education will however continue to be given priority.
82
10.2.5 Public Health Act
The Public Health Act provides the framework for the notification of certain diseases
compulsory and to control such diseases; to make provision regarding diseases subject to the
International Health Regulations; to prevent the introduction of diseases into Botswana; to
regulate sanitation and housing; to provide for the protection of foodstuffs and of water
supplies; to regulate the use of cemeteries; and generally to provide for public health.
The authorized officers, who include the Medical Officer, Environmental Health Officers and
the Community Health Nurse use the provisions of this statute to ensure protection of the
health of the Jwaneng community.
The policies and legislation discussed above are used together with other legal instruments
mentioned below, and the Jwaneng Town Council Health Bye-Laws.
Food Control Act

This act provides protection to foodstuffs and empowers its enforcers to seize and destroy
such foodstuffs that have been found not to be fit for human consumption.
Food retailers, including street vendors and hawkers will continue to be sensitised on the
importance of food safety and consumer‟s health. Food inspections and seizure of
unwholesome food stuffs will be intensified in the plan period due to increased manpower
resources – realized towards the end of the current plan.
Building Control Act

This act ascertains that structures that are erected in the town are built in accordance with the
regulations and as such proper housing would be provided. The regulations include among
others those of light and ventilation, sanitary facilities and drainage system.
Implementation of the Act will as usual be achieved jointly with the Engineering, Planning,
Housing and Fire Departments of the Jwaneng Town Council.
Control of Smoking Act

This act makes provision for the protection of some areas from smoking. Smoking is not
permitted in public areas such as Government Offices. It is also not permitted in business
premises.
Jwaneng was privileged to host the 2003 National Commemoration of World No Tobacco
Day – on 31st May. It is hoped that this big activity brought to Jwaneng will add vigour and
help reinforce the implementation of the smoking Control Act in the Town. No Smoking
Clinics will be arranged during the plan period to assist both smoking starters and quitters.
Factories Act
This act makes provision for the regulation of the conditions of employment in factories and
other places as regards the safety, health and welfare of persons employed in those factories
and for the safety and inspection of certain plants and machinery to ensure that they do not
pose any threat or risk to their users. The Environmental Health Department will continue to
work hand in hand with the Factories Inspectorate the Community Health Services Division
(MOH) and the Private Safety Specialist to ensure compliance with the Act.
83
10.3 HEALTH
10.3.1 Environmental Health
Environmental Health is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as being the
control of all those factors in man‟s physical environment, which exercise, or may exercise, a
deleterious effect on his physical development, health or survival.
Environmental health Department of Jwaneng Town Council has the primary responsibility of
waste management, pest control, and water and food quality surveillance in the town. The
department carries out the following activities in order to achieve its goals and objectives.
Waste Management
This includes collection of refuse from residential, commercial and industrial locations, and
litter picking in the streets. This is done to conserve the environment and make Jwaneng
aesthetically pleasing, attract investors and also prevent problems that are brought about by
indiscriminate disposal of waste. The service is currently contracted out in some parts of the
town. It is anticipated that the privatisation of the waste management service, in whole or in
part, will contribute to a prosperous, productive and innovative nation as more Batswana will
take part in waste collection and disposal services and in the process realise some financial
benefits.
A Waste Management Plan will be prepared during the plan period. The plan will serve as a
guiding tool that will provide alternatives and the Best Practical Environmental Option to deal
with each stream of waste in the town. With the waste management plan in place, Jwaneng
residents should be able to take pride in their clean and un-littered surroundings by the year
2016.
Abattoir
Animals from in and outside Jwaneng are slaughtered at the abattoir. Ante and post mortem
examinations are also carried out there to ensure that wholesome meat is supplied to residents
of Jwaneng.
Pest Control
A pest may be defined as a creature which in a particular situation is seen as undesirable
whether for health and hygiene purposes, or for aesthetic or economic reasons. The
department controls these pests by reducing or eliminating pest populations in given
situations. The most problematic pests that Jwaneng has are cockroaches and wasps.
Landfill
The importance of proper disposal of waste cannot be over emphasized. There is a sanitary
landfill in Jwaneng that started operating in December 2000, and is planned for a lifespan of
20 years. The landfill has a medical waste incinerator with a capacity of 160kg/hr. This
capacity allows it to receive clinical waste from all health facilities in Jwaneng, including
Jwaneng Mine Hospital and Home Based Care. The mine pays for the service. Also, the
incinerator at Ditsweletse Clinic is kept as a standby facility in the event of an emergency
breakdown of the landfill incinerator. Other districts and hospitals are allowed to use the
incinerator, at a fee, whenever they present their requests.
During the planned period a compost plant is proposed to be built at the landfill. This is
basically a green waste recovery plant. Funds for composing will be sourced from the
Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism.
84
Inspectorate
Inspections in premises are done to check that compliance with the law is achieved. During
the plan period, the department will intensify the inspections as more shopping centres come
up. Sampling will also be done on foods stuffs and they will be tested for bacterial or
chemical contamination to ensure that the public consumes wholesome food.
Public Conveniences
Under this section, during the planned period the department hopes to build toilets in the
town. These will be built at strategic points in public places so that they would benefit most
of the members of the public. It is very essential that the toilets are available and kept clean at
all times so that they would attract members of the public. The toilets will be funded by the
Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism.
Health Education
Without education for health knowledge and understanding, there can be no informed
decisions and actions to promote health. Knowledge is power and without health knowledge,
people are powerless to change their behaviour themselves because they have limited
knowledge of alternatives and therefore cannot make informed health choices. The
department will continue educating the Jwaneng Community about its activities and that will
include the means and ways by which they could enhance prevention of ill health. This is in
line with one of the pillars of vision 2016 „ An educated and informed nation‟
10.3.2 Hospital Services

Secondary health care services are provided by Debswana Mine Hospital. There is a long-
standing agreement between the Government of Botswana and Debswana Mine Hospital that
the Mine Hospital should serve as a referral hospital for Ngwaketse West, Jwaneng Town
Council, Kgalagadi and Kweneng Districts.
The mine hospital has two clinics in the mine, which caters for workers in the mine. There are
different health care services in the hospital, which are open to everyone while private
services for the mine and non-mine employees (paying/or contributing patients) are also
rendered.
Consultation: Consultation is in most cases, done by doctors and Family Nurse Practitioners
(FNPs) Registered nurses only consult in the absence of the two. The hospital has 8 doctors
and 5 FNPs.
Diagnostic and therapeutic: The hospital has three Laboratory Technicians who carry out
almost all necessary tests except cytology, virology among others which are carried out at the
national laboratory, or in South Africa. CD4 count Viral load and issuing of ART is also done
at Jwaneng Mine hospital.
X-Ray: Two radiographers, whose services include, among others, ultrasonography.
Admissions/Inpatients: Public patients form the bigger part of admissions with 12% being
private and paying patients. This clearly depicts the role of the mine in providing the service
to the general public as indicate in section 10.1.3.
Mortuary: The hospital also provides mortuary services.
85
10.3.3 District Health Systems
The Jwaneng Town Council has two clinics, namely Tshimologo at Environmental Unit II
and Ditsweletse clinic at Environmental Unit V, which has a maternity wing and provides a
24-hour service. The third clinic is to be constructed at Environmental Unit 7 during 2003/04
plan period. It is hoped that this clinic will further reduce the distance travelled by patients to
health facilities as required by vision 2016‟s pillar of a compassionate, just and caring nation.
The Jwaneng Mine Hospital, the only hospital in the town, serves as a referral facility for the
Council clinics. The health system is further complimented by one private medical
practitioner, one optometrist, two pharmacies and a weekly visit by the ophthalmic team from
the Seventh Day Adventist mission Hospital at Kanye. The clinics are run by Nurses,
Laboratory Technician, Pharmacy Technician and Family Welfare Educators. The Medical
Officer is full time at Ditsweletse on week days. He is on call from 4:30 pm to 10pm every
day.
10.3.4 Primary Health

Primary Health Care in Jwaneng is the responsibility of the Town Council. Services are
dispensed to the public through the two clinics mentioned in section 10.3.2 above. The
District Health Team in Jwaneng is not fully established because there is no Public Health
Specialist to coordinate the team. Jwaneng therefore has not been allocated a district number
like it is the case with other districts.
The coverage of the town‟s health facilities extends on a daily basis to the neighbouring
villages such as: Sese, Kaduwe, Thankane, Selokolela, Seherelela, Mokhumba, Pitseng,
Sesung, Mahotshuane, Sekoma, Betesankwe, Lehuku, Gasita and Naledi. Other patients
come from as far as Kgalagadi, Ghanzi and Kweneng districts.
Primary Health Care services include: family planning/sexual and reproductive health; health
education; school health; testing and counselling; diagnosis and treatment of common
diseases; laboratory tests; case finding and follow-ups (especially TB) and home based care.
In Jwaneng, health Service delivery is good during the week days, but not during weekends
when surrounding clinics and health posts are closed, resulting in overloading of Ditsweletse
Clinic, which is the only 24 hours clinic in the Southern Health District. Due to the delayed
plot allocation, the construction of the EU 7 Clinic has been delayed. Discussions pertaining
to when the construction can start are in progress. Otherwise, funds for the clinic construction
and its personnel have been budgeted for.
10.3.4.1 Community Home Based Care Programme (HBCP)

Implementation of the Community Home Based Care Programme (HBCP) was started in
Jwaneng in 1999. There is an influx of patients hoping for better care looking at the small
population in Jwaneng and better services by staff. Since May 1999 up to-date, the total
number of patients registered for home based care in Jwaneng stands at 112. Out of these, 49
deaths have been reported, 19 patients have since been transferred out of Jwaneng, with 54
remaining.
The following are the most common illnesses that are currently catered for by the HBCP in
Jwaneng: Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, Cerebra-vascular accident (CVA), Disability due to road
traffic accidents and Mental retardation. Some of the home based care clients are on ARV
therapy either from the Jwaneng Mine Hospital or the national ARV programme.
86
10.3.4.2 Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT)
The programme started in October 2001 and is aimed at reduction of HIV infection from
mother to child. The programme entails intensive pre and post test counselling by health
workers and lay counsellors. Those found HIV positive are given AZT tablets at 34 weeks (8
months) till delivery. The programme in addition caters for clients outside Jwaneng
(surrounding areas) due to unavailability of the service and service providers. This poses a
problem of follow-ups of programme defaulters.
10.3.4.3 Voluntary testing and counselling centres

The services are provided at both council clinics. VCT is freely accessible to residents and
those from neighbouring districts.
10.3.4.4 Isoniazid Preventative Therapy (IPT)

IPT has not yet been started in Jwaneng and it is hoped that it will be started during the Urban
Development Plan 2. It is still being piloted elsewhere. We are hopeful that this programme
will be rolled out to the entire country during this planning period.
10.3.4.5 National Anti Retroviral Therapy

The programme is aimed at boosting the immune system of clients who are HIV positive and
it was expected to start on the 1st April 2003 at Jwaneng Mine Hospital.
10.3.4.6 T.B. Programme

Jwaneng town is experiencing an increase in the prevalence of TB. In order to curb the
situation, an intensification of the contact tracing, follow up of defaulters and referral systems
have been put in place even though some patients make it very difficult by failing to provide
their correct addresses.
10.3.4.7 EPI Programme

The programme aims to increase immunization coverage from 95% to 100% by yearly house
to house campaign aimed at reviewing the under 5 cards for immunization status.
10.3.4.8 Sexual And Reproductive Health

Family Planning
To ensure correct use of available contraceptive methods and encourage male
involvement.
Teenage pregnancy is still common in the town. Talks have been held with
pupils and the teachers addressing the dangers associated with teenage
pregnancy, including HIV/AIDS.
Antenatal Care (ANC)
To intensify the campaign towards male involvement in the programme via
kotla meetings.
Post natal care (PNC)
To encourage parents to utilise PNC services by health talks in health facilities
and kgotla meetings.
87
10.3.5 Control Measures for Pandemic Diseases
HIV/AIDS
Jwaneng Town Council and the District Multi-Sectoral Aids Committee decided to form
committees in all government and Non-governmental organisations, which will help with
measures to curb the spread of the disease. All organisations therefore have Peer Educators
whose task is to sensitise every employee about the disease and measures in place to halt its
spread. It is ideal for all organisations operating in Jwaneng to have one or more counsellors
who should help fellow employees with matters related to HIV/AIDS. Plans for training the
councillors have been formulated. All these measures are aimed at reducing HIV prevalence
from 34% to 20% by end of the plan period.
TB
Although the disease in on the increase, the health sector still faces difficulties on how to
contain it because most of the clients seen do not reside in Jwaneng. This therefore makes it
difficult to make follow-ups and referrals as in most cases health workers are not given the
correct addresses. The plan is to hold talks with Southern, Kweneng and Kgalagadi Districts
to come up with workable solutions to the problems
For those clients who take their treatment in Jwaneng, daily observed therapy (DOT) is
adhered to. Contacts are traced and screened and they are encouraged to test for HIV as early
as possible.
Malaria Control
Since Jwaneng is in a non-malaria zone, no stringent measures need to be put in place to

combat the problem. Nonetheless, health workers will continue to participate in workshops
and commemoration activities to keep them abreast with the current trends.
10.4 10.4 HEALTH SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

10.4.1 Clinics Goals and Objectives
a. To enhance primary health care services through;
Construction of a new clinic and nurses' houses at Environmental unit 7.
Provision of Health Education on different aspects e.g. Home Based Care
(HBC), Infection Control, HIV/AIDS, etc. This will be achieved through health
talks every other month at the clinics and schools. This is in line with the goals
of vision 2026, which is to have no new infections of HIV/AIDS and teenage
pregnancies.
Promotion of existing programmes within the area through holding ward
development committee meetings, kgotla meetings and seminars for
community leaders every 6 months. The community members will be expected
to be very well informed on the various programmes by the end of the plan
period.
Training of all health care providers as frequent as courses arise to acquire
skills that will help them give optimum care to clients.
To avail all necessary resources, e.g. manpower, materials by budgeting
annually and prepare an annual training plan.
b. To reduce the prevalence of HIV from 34% to 20% by the end of the plan period
This will be a way forward in preparation of meeting the objectives of vision 2016
of having no new infections by 2026.
88
Intensifying the campaign against the spread of HIV/AIDS through at least
quarterly Kgotla meetings, biannual house to house campaigns and bi-annual
community based workshops aiming at behavioural modification and
utilisation of testing centres, such that by the end of the plan period at least
50% of the population would know their HIV status.
Make health services user friendly especially to the youth through revival of
peer education by teen organisations in schools, formation of peer education in
churches, workplaces etc.
Supporting community based organizations and support groups aimed at
curbing the HIV/AIDS spread by reactivating the peer educator‟s activities and
AIDS committees in the work places.
Conduct bi-annual mini surveys aimed at monitoring our progress.
Organizing workshops aimed at behavioural modification towards HIV/AIDS.
Promotion and strengthening of all programmes related to HIV/AIDS which
include PMTCT, IPT, HBC, etc. through weekly health talks at clinics and
community leader‟s seminars once a year.
10.4.2 Environmental Health Goals and Objectives

During the plan period the department will be committed to:
a. Maintain a clean, healthy and habitable environment through:

Provision of refuse storage receptacles in communal places in the entire town.
Provision of a bi-weekly waste collection service to all housing estates and on
daily basis to industrial, commercial and institutional premises.
Provision of public toilets at strategic areas.
b. To ensure sanitary disposal of waste from the town and to promote waste recycling
to guard against environmental pollution in line with the National Policies and
Regulations on waste management through:
Ensuring that proper the final disposal of waste is at the landfill.
Opening the landfill to the public for use everyday of the week including
weekends.
Reclamation and recycling of garden and other waste streams.
c. To intensify community education on proper waste disposal and on the use of
sanitary land fills by:
Inviting different community and civic groups to educational tours of the
landfill.
Putting up posters that promote final disposal by landfill at all public
places in the town
Ensuring that this goal is achieved by the third financial year of the plan period
(2005/06).
d. To curb the spread of diseases which are caused by insects vectors and rodents as
well as eliminate nuisance pests throughout the town through:
Provision of vector control services throughout the township on regular basis
and on request
To report to the Entomology Unit of the Ministry of Health (Community
Health Services Division) for assistance in any alarming incidences of pests at
any given time.
89
e. To ensure that meat that is sold and subsequently consumed in the town is fit, safe
and wholesome through:
Slaughtering animals in a hygienic manner
Carrying out ante and post mortem inspections of food animals
f. To initiate, plan and coordinate the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of
all health education and promotion of related activities performed within the town
through:
Giving out health education materials to individuals and groups who need it.
Encompassing health education in all programmes of the department
Ensuring that health education materials that are distributed in the town are
relevant and appropriate.
Giving health tasks to different groups in the town.

ASSESSMENT
10.5.1 Evaluation Of Environmental Key Issues With Sector Goals and Objectives
The sector goals and objectives that are highly likely to have significant environmental
impacts are evaluated on table 10.1.
Table 10.1 Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives
Sector Goal Objectives Environmental Key Issues
To enhance primary Health Construction of Clinic at -Vegetation clearance,
Care Services Environmental Unit 7 By -increased amount of vegetation
2003/2004 waste,
- Land pressure
-Possible soil erosion
- Production of building rubble.
-Sand and gravel extraction
-Air pollution by dust
-Noise pollution
- Health and safety of workers at site
-interference with normal traffic flow.
-Accident potential
-Visual impact
Maintain a Clean, Healthy and Construction of Public Toilets As above
Habitable Environment at Strategic Locations
To ensure sanitary disposal of -Ensuring that proper final -Underground water pollution
waste from the town and to disposal of Waste is at the -Vegetation clearance
promote waste recycling to landfill
-Land requirements
guard against environmental -Reclamation and recycling of
pollution in line with the -Odour
garden and other streams of
national policies and waste -Air pollution
regulations on waste
management

The purpose of the National Heath Policy is principally to guide the health care providers on
how to execute their duties to avoid administrative problems and slippages in standards of
service provision. Environmental Health programmes promote activities that are
environmentally friendly. Waste Management promotes the aesthetic beauty and
90
conservation of the environment. No adverse environmental impacts are envisaged from the
health sector policies or programmes. The environmental impacts discussed in the earlier
sections mostly result from the infrastructure developments carried out by the Ministry of
Local Government, which is an important partner in health services provision.
The Botswana National Policy on HIV/AIDS has, however, not addressed the issue of
medical waste collection and disposal as aggravated by the epidemic. This is especially true
for waste generated from home-based care and it is now evident that the area needs attention.
In Jwaneng, it is anticipated that no major problems will be experienced during the plan
period as regards clinical waste management because of the availability of the refrigerated
clinical waste collection vehicle and a large capacity medical waste incinerator located at the
landfill.
10.6 STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE THE HEALTH SECTOR GOALS

AND OBJECTIVES
10.6.1 Proposed Projects
No major projects will be undertaken under the Ministry of Health, save for possible funding
of the workshops and special projects determined by the Ministry. The strategies discussed
below cover projects under the Ministry Environment, Wildlife and Tourism for
Environmental Health and the Ministry of Local Government for Clinics. Other projects will
be funded under the recurrent and general fund budget.
10.6.1.1 Environmental Health Projects

Provision of Public Toilets by 2004/5 and 2005/6
Provision of Refuse Storage Receptacles throughout plan period
Green Waste Composting Project by 2004/05
Purchase of Landfill Compactor by 2003/04
Purchase of Garden waste Self Loading (Grab) Tipper Truck by 2003/04
Purchase of refuse compactor truck by 2004/5 and 2005/2006
Erection of bill-boards, notice boards and posters throughout plan period
Formation of the Waste Management Act Enforcement Committee by 2003
Workshops and Seminars, Commemoration of Special Health Days throughout
the Plan Period.
10.6.1.2 Clinics Projects
Construction of clinic at Environmental Unit 7 by 2003/04
Construction of Nurse‟s Houses by 2004/05 and 2008/09
Purchase of Ambulance by 2003/04
Workshops and Seminars throughout plan period.
Training of Peer Educators and Counsellors throughout the plan period.
Commemoration of Special Health Days throughout the plan period.
91
10.6.2 Potential Impacts of Proposed Projects
Table 10.2 Potential Impacts of Proposed Projects
Proposed Project Short term Impacts Long Term Impacts
Construction of Public Toilets -Clearing of vegetation -Pollution of underground -
-Dust and air pollution water by effluent
-Excavation of sand and gravel -Land requirements
-Noise pollution
-Accidents potential
Composting of organic Waste -Clearing of vegetation -Land requirement
-Dust/air pollution -Odour
-Air pollution
Construction of Clinic and -Clearing of vegetation -Possible Visual impact
Nurses houses -Excavation of sand and gravel -Ground water pollution
-Noise pollution -Clinical waste disposal
-Air pollution -Pressure on sewerage system
-Interference with other
activities
-Visual impact
-Accumulation of building
rubble
-Accidents potential
10.6.3 Mitigation Measures

New projects that would be likely to impact badly on the environment are construction of the
clinic and staff houses, construction of public toilets and composting project. All these will be
appraised and monitored using the relevant legal instruments and policies, for example the
Environmental Impact Assessment Act, Environmental Planning Manual, Waste Management
Act, Building Control Act, Town and Country Planning Act and others. Contractors would be
required to obtain licences for excavation of sand and gravel and to demonstrate their
rehabilitation plans to the planning authorities before they are allowed to extract the materials.
Environmental Assessment will be done with other stakeholders including, but not limited to,
the Physical Planning Unit, Engineering Department, Jwaneng Mine and the Department of
Sanitation and Waste Management.
Leachate monitoring at the existing landfill will continue to be carried out at six months
intervals with the assistance of the Department of Sanitation and Waste Management. Any
suspected pollution by the medical waste incinerator will also be investigated with the
assistance of the Department of Mines and the Jwaneng Mine. The following specific
measures will be implemented.
Environmental Impact Assessment study will be carried out for all construction
projects
Securing and protection of the excavations during construction period.
Landscaping and tree planting after construction
Dust control measures during construction
Proper waste management methods during and after construction phases.
Maintenance of the plant and equipment to reduce noise pollution
Composting of green waste to curb the impact of disposal of vegetation waste
at the landfill.
92
Proper ventilation of compost heaps to reduce odour impact.

10.7.1 Issues and Strengths of the Health Sector
Table 10.3 Issues and Strengths of the Health Sector
Issues Strengths
1. Manpower constraints more especially Availability and access to health facilities and
midwives, Environmental Health Officers and services.
Health Education Officer.
2. HIV/AIDS – impacts on the manpower and Human resource development programmes
financial resources leading to availability of skilled manpower
3. Structural and toilets defects at Ditsweletse Private sector involvement and partnership
clinic.
Lack of community participation in Availability of modern landfill and medical waste
environmental cleanliness incinerator
4. Lack of specialisation in different fields of Availability of transport including waste
environmental health collection vehicles
5. Lack of Public Health Specialist and District
Health Team
6. Lack of Waste Management Plan

The budget shown on the table below is for the Clinics Department only. The Environmental
Health budget is contained in the Ministry of Local Government budget.
Table 10.4 Development Budget for UDP II

Program Project component Estimated cost (P) Financial year
Construction of the clinic 3 630 000 2003/2004
and purchase of furniture
and equipment
Purchase of clinic vehicle

(Ambulance)
300 000
Construction of 10 nurses‟
houses
LG 1104 2 000 000
Sub Total 5 930 000
Construction of 10 nurses‟ 2 000 000 2004/2005

houses
Construction of 10 nurses‟ 2 000 000 2008/2009

houses
93
Progress will be monitored through:
Getting feedback from various sectors of the Ministry of Health, after sending
monthly reports.
Feedback from Council committees like the Health and Social and Chief
Officers‟ Management Committee to whom health activities are reported on a
monthly basis.
Conducting mini surveys every six months. This is done through
questionnaires to clients with regard to how the Council‟s services satisfy their
needs and how to improve service delivery.
Budget review exercise with the Ministry of Local Government.
94
CHAPTER ELEVEN
11 LABOUR AND HOME AFFAIRS
11.1 INTRODUCTION
The Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs provides a wide range of social services through its
departments and divisions. The different departments under this Ministry in Jwaneng are
Labour and Social Security, Immigration, Civil and National Registration, Culture and Youth.
In Jwaneng other Labour and Home Affairs departments are still non-existent. These are
Prison and Rehabilitation Services, National Library, National Museum, Monuments and Art
Gallery and National Archives and Records Services, department of Sports and Recreation
and the Industrial Court.
The Department of Culture and Youth promotes and preserves culture and creates an enabling
environment for youth and the general public to participate in cultural development in the
country.
The Department of Civil and National Registration deals with registration of vital events and
the events are births, deaths, marriages, change if name, societies and national registration.
11.1.2 Strategic Plan for the Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs
The strategic goal for the Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs relevant to Jwaneng is “To
generate, acquire and disseminate information through efficient services for purposes of
education, research, recreation, personal empowerment and socio-economic development”
The Jwaneng Labour and Home Affairs sector will continue to educate the community about
government policies such as the National Youth Policy, National Action Plan for the Youth,
Civil and National Registration etc. This will achieve education and personal empowerment in
the ministry‟s goal.

The following are issues that were raised during consultations by the Jwaneng community
with regard the Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs:
Slow issuance of Identity Cards

Prevalence of HIV/AIDS among the youth
Lack of employment opportunities for the youth
Lack of recreational facilities
Lack of a National Library

National Youth Policy
The Youth Policy came into effect in 1996 and defines a youth as a person aged between 12
and 29 years. The policy aims at providing appropriate education and training for young
people, promotion of health young people, provision of employment to young people,
95
encouraging active participation of young people in recreation, sports and leisure and to
development of youth talent.
The Jwaneng Youth Council purchases recreational equipment for clubs in the township,
funds youth musical projects, imparts business skills to the youth of Jwaneng and provision of
funds for out of school youth thereby creating job opportunities for the youth.
National Registration Act

The Act administers to register all Batswana who are 16 years and above to obtain identity
cards.
There is a Civil and National Registration office in Jwaneng, which implements the
provisions of this Act in terms of registration and issuance of identity cards.
Births and Deaths Act

The Births and Deaths Act administers to register births and Deaths in Botswana. In terms of
the Act the Civil and National Registration office registers and issues birth and death
certificates.
Marriage Act
The Act administers marriages published and registered in Botswana.
The Jwaneng office deals with all matters pertaining to marriages. These are publishing,
solemnizing and domestic problems in marriages before being referred to the District Office.
Change of Name Act

The Act administers all persons changing from one name to another.
The Civil and National Registration office in Jwaneng provides members of the public with
information regarding change of names and assists people in changing their names before
being sent to the government gazette for objections if any.
Societies Act
This Act administers to register all non-profitable organisations such as churches and burial
societies. The Civil and National Registration office implements the Act by registering all
non-profitable organisations as provided for by the Act
11.3 LABOUR, CULTURE AND SOCIAL SERVICES

11.3.1 Youth and Culture
The department‟s major responsibilities include provision of financial assistance to organized
youth groups as well as individuals whereby only viable projects and those, which have the
potential for sustainability are funded. This is a way of dealing with the high rate of youth
unemployment.
The department also gets the youth to participate in the commemoration of national activities
such as the Month of Youth against AIDS, the International AIDS Day and youth rallies.
The department in conjunction with the Botswana National Youth Council sponsors the
National Youth Awards, which are held every two years. The main purpose of the awards is
96
to reward those young people who are involved in profitable and sustainable projects. The
emphasis here is that projects should have been in existence for at least two years. Categories
for which awards are given are: business enterprise, leadership and personal development,
community development, arts and culture, environmental conservation, Sport and recreation
and exceptional cases.
The Jwaneng Mine plays a major role as a private sector in contributing to youth
development. The mine, through the Galaxy Club, has a fully-fledged youth football
development program, which caters for both in and out of school youth up to the age of 17
years. The private sector also assists youth groups and organisations with various forms of
funding for different projects.
11.3.2 Botswana National Youth Council (BNYC)

The Jwaneng District Youth Council as an organ of the Botswana National Youth Council is
engaged in representing young women and men in youth matters, identifying major youth
concerns, needs and opportunities in the township. The youth council also identifies projects
that can be recommended for funding and support by the private sector and mobilises the
youth through Ward Youth Councils in the township.
The Jwaneng District Youth Council secretariat is facing dire need of office space. It is
currently operating from a very small office provided by the Department of Culture and
Youth.
11.3.3 Sports and Recreation

Most activities under this section take place at the two community centres. These activities
include snooker games, boxing, squash, swimming, darts and football. Complementing the
efforts of this section are the Debswana Mining Company‟s sports and recreational facilities
found elsewhere in the town. But unlike Jwaneng Town Council facilities, the Mine facilities
are accessible to only those who can afford to pay membership fees.
11.3.4 Information and Broadcasting

As stated in the 1969 policy – Information Media Policy Directive, part of the functions of the
Department of Information and Broadcasting is to develop and exploit media, which will
assist ministries and departments in performing their routine and extension duties. It also
advises government on public opinion and in the field of public relations generally.
The Jwaneng branch of this department covers the whole of the Ngwaketse West
constituency.
As a media department, Information and Broadcasting works closely with all government
departments because they are all considered news sources. This also applies to the private
sector.
The department has leased a building within the town mall. Even though the department
intends to build district offices during NDP9, it does not give priority to towns, which include
Jwaneng. This is because offices in towns can easily rent some buildings. However, it is
hoped that this department will be accommodated in the District Administration‟s integrated
office block.
97
11.3.5 Civil and National Registration
The Civil and National Registration office in Jwaneng deals with registration of vital events
and these are; Births, Deaths, Marriages, Change of Surnames and Societies, while National
Registration has the sole responsibility of registering and issuing identity cards to all
qualifying citizens.
The department in Jwaneng covers villages surrounding Jwaneng and Mabutsane Sub –
District. The reason for covering Mabutsane is that there is no post for an officer to man the
Mabutsane Sub-District. The Jwaneng office is constrained by a serious shortage of
manpower.
11.3.6 National Library Services

Jwaneng remains the only town in Botswana without a public library. Construction of the
long planned library has still not taken place despite the project having been carried over from
the two successive plans. The community has made it clear that there is a need to have a
library in Jwaneng.
11.3.7 NGOs, Community Based and Voluntary Organizations

Ward Development Committees
There are seven Ward Development Committees in Jwaneng. This is the main institution
responsible for the implementation of development programmes in the township. These at
one point stopped operating but have since been revived. The main constraint of Ward
Development Committees in the township is shortage of plots, which has resulted in planned
projects for UDP I not being able to be implemented.
Parents Teachers Association

Each of the 4 primary schools has a Parents Teachers Association, working hand in hand with
their respective schools in the education of children. Its function is to further the pupils‟
interest in education through coordinated parents and teachers‟ efforts and to carry out other
duties conducive to the welfare and education of the pupils.
Board of Governors
Each of the two community junior secondary schools has a Board of Governors working hand
in hand with the school administration in the education of children. Its function is also to
further the pupils‟ interest in education through coordination with parents.
Junior Chamber
The Junior Chamber in Jwaneng endeavours to enhance entrepreneurial skills development
among the youth, create positive change, promote leadership development and help in the
development of the community through engaging in voluntary community work.
Lions Club
The Jwaneng Lions Club aims to create and foster the spirit of understanding among people
for humanitarian needs to provide voluntary services to the needy through community
involvement and international cooperation
98
Round Table
The Jwaneng Round Table is aimed at developing the fellowship of young men through the
medium of their business and professional occupation and community service activities,
encouraging active and responsible citizenship by cultivating the highest ideals in business,
profession and civil traditions, promoting and further international understanding, friendship
and cooperation and promoting the extension of Round Table movement throughout the
world.
11.4 LABOUR, CULTURE AND SOCIAL SERVICE SECTOR GOALS

AND OBJECTIVES
Table 11.1 Labour, Culture and Social Services Sector Goals and Objectives
Goal Objectives
To create an atmosphere of understanding, tolerance To provide various fora for contact with the Labour
and trust and Home Affairs clientele, to inform them about
the ministerial programmes
To recognise, promote and support the efforts of To promote leadership, practical skills and
young people in the township opportunities for participation by young people
within the township
Youth and economic empowerment 1.To network with technical colleges to provide
youth with survival skills
2. To conduct capacity building workshops for the

youth
Continuous education on HIV/AIDS To disseminate HIV/AIDS information to the youth
and the public at large
To provide office and residential accommodation for To construct an office block and staff houses.
members of staff
To create an atmosphere of understanding the To encourage the Jwaneng community to register all
importance of registering marriages, births, deaths, vital events.
societies, change of name and national registration.

ASSESSMENT
11.5.1 Evaluation of environmental key issues with sector goals and objectives
The environmental goals and objectives of the Labour and Home Affairs sector are not
anticipated to have any environmental impacts.
However, the goal of providing office and residential accommodation for the staff of the
Labour and Home Affairs Sector by constructing an office block and staff houses will have
the following environmental impacts: land requirement, vegetation clearance, loss of
biodiversity, indiscriminate extraction of sand and gravel, mushrooming of borrow pits as a
result of indiscriminate extraction of gravel within the planning area and increase in solid
waste, for example, building rubble.

The policies and programmes discussed in this chapter are not anticipated to have any
environmental impacts because they are not construction oriented. They are only aimed at
providing a service to the community in terms of registration of vital events and assisting the
youth in empowering them economically, socially and politically.
99
11.6 STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE LABOUR, CULTURE AND SOCIAL
SERVICE SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
Table 11.2 Strategies to achieve labour, culture and social services sector goals and
objectives
Proposed Projects/Strategies Potential impacts Action
Addressing kgotla meeting in all wards No anticipated impacts No anticipated impacts
at least twice a year
Conducting leadership, peer educators No anticipated impacts No anticipated impacts
and counsellors workshops and to carry
out entrepreneurship training
Conducting seminars and workshops and No anticipated impacts No anticipated impacts
participating in career fair
Performing drama to disseminate No anticipated impacts No anticipated impacts
HIV/AIDS information
Construction of office block and staff Land requirement, Preparation of an

houses vegetation clearance, loss Environmental Impact
of biodiversity, Assessment to precede
indiscriminate extraction of construction
sand and gravel,
mushrooming of borrow
pits as a result of
indiscriminate extraction of
gravel within the planning
area and increase in solid
waste, for example,
building rubble.

Issues
Shortage of manpower for the National and Civil Registration Department
Shortage of office accommodation for the youth council
Strengths
Computerisation of vital events in Jwaneng
Decentralisation of some of the duties to Jwaneng
Setting up Ward Youth Councils resulting in easy mobilisation of youth
100
Table 11.3 Performance Targets for UDP II
Strategies/Objects Performance targets
Addressing kgotla meetings in all wards. Twice a year during October and February
Conducting leadership, peer educators and counsellors Three a year during the months of September,
workshops December and March.
Carry out entrepreneurship training Once a year

Conducting seminars and workshops for capacity Twice a year during June and August
building
Participating in career fair Once a year

Performing drama to disseminate HIV/AIDS Performing in every HIV/AIDS activity in the
information township
Construction of office block and staff houses Not confirmed by the Ministry

Table 11.4 Development Budget for the Labour and Home Affairs Sector
Programme Project component Estimated cost (P)
HA 104 – MLHA integrated Integrated office block for National 11 360 900
office blocks Registration, Civil Registration,
Immigration, Culture and Youth, Women‟s
Affairs and Labour and staff Houses
HA 502 National Library Branch library and staff houses 15 500 000
Services
Addressing kgotla meetings in all wards. 0.00
Recurrent Budget Carry out entrepreneurship training 10 000.00
Capacity Building Vote Conducting 1 day seminars and workshops 5 000.00

for capacity building
Fund raising activities Performing drama to disseminate 2 000.00
HIV/AIDS information

Success in the completion of projects will be determined by a successful implementation of
departmental annual plans. To monitor the activities of the Labour and Home Affairs sector,
there will be compilation of quarterly progress reports to the regional offices in Kanye and the
headquarters in Gaborone.
101
CHAPTER TWELVE
12 MINERALS, ENERGY AND WATER
12.1 INTRODUCTION
The Ministry of Minerals, Energy and Water Affairs (MMEWA) is responsible for the
formulation, direction, coordination, development and implementation of national policies
and programmes for the minerals, energy and water resources sectors. This Ministry shares
implementation of these programmes with other ministries and Parastatals such as the
Ministry of Local Government, Ministry of Works, Transport and Communications, Water
Utilities Corporation (WUC) and the Botswana Power Corporation (BPC).

12.1.1.1 Mineral Sector
Under the minerals sector, the ministry develops and implements the fiscal, legal and policy
framework for mineral explorations, mining and mineral processing. It also administers
various mineral investment promotion activities and liases with bilateral and multi-lateral
development partners on mineral related matters.
Jwaneng mine, as a private sector, has a role to contribute to the national economy through
the creation of wealth, employment opportunities, social infrastructure (housing, health
facilities, recreation facilities), and skills development.
The Debswana Jwaneng Mine remains the largest employer in Jwaneng with a workforce of
2223 as at the year 2002. Employment has been forecast as follows within the plan period:
Table 12.1 Jwaneng Mine Employment Forecast

Year No. of Employees
2003 2287
2004 2310
2005 2317
2006 2300
2007 2313
The Debswana Jwaneng Mine extracts less than 12 million M³ of water per annum from the
Magagarapa Northern Well fields. In 2001 total extraction was 9 million M³ with 17%
allocated to the Water Utilities Corporation and the remaining 83% was used by the mine. A
significant amount of water is utilised by the ore treatment processes.
12.1.1.2 Energy Sector

MMEWA is responsible for developing and implementing policies and programs concerning
the supply and consumption of energy. BPC is a statutory body responsible for all matters
concerning the generation, importation, transmission and supply of electricity.
The Jwaneng Town and Debswana Jwaneng Mine get electricity supplies from the 132 KV
over head line running from Thamaga village. There is the receiving 132/66/6.6Kv substation
102
in the mine green area; and from the mine substation, there is a 33 KV overhead line that
supplies the Town ship 33/11 KV substation. This substation is supplying about 3000
consumers.
Botswana Power Corporation introduced the second 132 KV overhead line feeders to
Debswana Jwaneng Mine and the town. This was introduced as a back up supply during
power losses on the existing line. The energy demand in Jwaneng has recently increased
slightly, especially after reticulation in the three SHHA areas of EU1, 2, and 3. There is a
weekly connection and submission by residents.
12.1.1.3 Water Sector

In the water sector, MMEWA has primary responsibility for the planning, investigation,
assessment, development, management and protection of both ground and surface water
resources.
The ministry also acts as a water supply authority, i.e. operates and maintains the water
supply systems in 17 major villages, and is also responsible for quality monitoring
countrywide. The WUC is a statutory body responsible for all matters concerning the supply
of water to urban centres.
The Corporation also provides water to peri-urban areas and villages near urban centres. The
water is supplied in bulk to the department of water affairs, which is then responsible for its
distribution.
The Botswana Water Utilities Corporation in Jwaneng gets its supply from a well field at
Magagarapa lands, which is run by the Debswana Jwaneng Mine at a cost. The water is
pumped into the Water Utilities Corporation reservoirs from which it is then distributed to
customers. Both the reservoirs and the pipe network are in good working condition.
Water demand is currently low as compared to the year 2001. It went down after the
completion of a project at the Debswana Jwaneng Mine and after the removal of standpipes in
SHHA areas. Water in Jwaneng is potable and thus safe for drinking. It meets all water
purification standards including the World Health Organisation standards.
Water Conservation is managed by educating the public on water conservation through the
media and supplying of leaflets on water conservation tips at all WUC offices and
places/occasions like Trade Fairs.
103
12.1.2 Strategic Plans for various ministries
Table 12.2 Strategic Plans For Various Ministries
Ministry Goal Objective
Ministry of Minerals, Energy and To increase economic benefits To develop guidelines for
Water Affairs form mineral exploitation by measuring direct and indirect
effective implementation of impacts of mining on the
policies economy
To meet the needs of To facilitate coal distribution by

stakeholders by facilitating developing infrastructure at local
consumer choice in use of depots, increase opportunities for
various forms of energy stakeholders in use of solar
energy and increase in national
access to electricity
Ministry of Local Government To improve quality of life of To fill established posts with
Batswana by providing basic personnel to enhance efficient
infrastructure and social services, service provision and regularly
fro example, water, identify community needs and
provide appropriate services in
line with development needs.
Ministry of Lands and Housing To facilitate equitable To develop land allocation

distribution of land through criteria to ensure equitable
appropriate policies and distribution of land throughout
legislation. the country to eligible customers
Ministry of Works, Transport and To put in place, works related To develop standing operating
Communications infrastructure with minimum procedures on environmental
impact on the environment impact studies and monitor
implementation of the same
12.1.3 The role of the Private Sector

Jwaneng mine is an important stakeholder in water resource identification and water
provision. As mentioned above, the well fields at Magagarapa lands are the property of
Debswana Jwaneng Mine. Both the boreholes and the water mains between them and WUC
reservoirs are operated and maintained by the Debswana Jwaneng Mine.
All Botswana Power Corporation‟s developmental work is done by private pre-qualified

electrical contractors who are in turn supervised by nominated electrical consultants.
Wastewater from the mine operations is recycled for use in the Treatment Plant not for
drinking purposes (return water from dams). Treated sewage is used for dust spraying
purposes at the haul roads. Treated effluent from the oxidation ponds in the town is also
utilized by the mine to water its recreation grounds.
12.1.4 Consultation priorities

a. The problem of low water pressure in some parts of the township
b. Saline water
104
Prosperous, productive and innovative nation
Vision 2016 has identified energy as a pre-requisite for successful industrialisation and in this
respect; the Botswana Power Corporation and the Water Utilities Corporation have developed
programmes and projects, which will enhance the socio-economic situation of Jwaneng whilst
promoting a good standard of living for everyone thereby achieving the vision pillar of a
prosperous, productive and innovative nation.
Educated and informed nation

The Water Utilities Corporation and the Botswana Power Corporation will meet the above
vision pillar by providing information on tariff changes and other issues such as how best to
conserve utilities. This is in line with the vision pillar of an Educated and Informed Nation.

12.2.1 Mineral Sector
Mines and Minerals Act
The Mines and Minerals Act makes provisions that regulate the law relating to mines and
minerals; to provide for the granting, renewal and termination of mineral concessions; to
provide for the payment of royalties; and for matters incidental to and connected to the
foregoing.
Waste Management Act

The Waste Management Act lays down the framework for the planning, facilitation and
implementation of advanced systems for regulating the management of controlled waste in
order to prevent harm to human, animal and plant life as well as to minimise pollution of the
environment.
The Mine has three landfill sites that are registered in accordance with the requirements of the
Act. Operation of the sites is carried out in line with the “Guidelines on the disposal of waste
by landfill”. The company has well-managed waste management programmes that cover:
recycling, reusing, and that waste separation is done at source.
Environmental Impact Assessment Act (Draft)

This Act makes it a requirement that large-scale developments should have an Environmental
Impact Assessment prior to their implementation.
The mine policy on Environmental Impact Assessment Act (EIA) requires impact evaluations
to be carried out for all activities to assess the need for environmental impact assessment.
Jwaneng Mine complies with the Act through Impact evaluation carried out for each project.
The evaluation is a screening stage to determine the need for an EIA.
12.2.2 Energy Sector

National Energy Master Plan
The National Energy Master Plan was formulated to set out appropriate policies, regulatory
mechanism and institutions to guide the energy sector in reaching Botswana‟s national
economic and social goals. The Botswana Power Corporation in Jwaneng operates according
to the provisions of this Plan
105
12.2.3 Water Sector
National Water Master Plan
The National Water Master Plan is coordinated by the Department of Water Affairs. Phase I
of the plan is complete with the commissioning of the North South Carrier Water Project.
The plan is currently under review.
Waste Water and Sanitation Policy

National Waste Water/Sanitation Management Policy. This policy is the
first in the direction of guiding the master plan and legislation towards
achieving the sector objectives.
National Master Plan for Water and Sanitation. The policy is still under
preparation.
12.3 MINING, ENERGY AND WATER

12.3.1 Mining Sector
12.3.1.1 Water Consumption
The total raw water consumption was 9.4 million cu.m. in 2002, which was an increase from
the previous year at 8.9 million cu.m. This increase was due to insufficient return water from
the slime dams.
12.3.1.2 Energy Sources

Jwaneng Mine consumes electricity distributed by the Botswana Power Corporation and the
mine consumed 200.7 GWh in 2002, an increase of 5.2 % from 2001. The increase was partly
because of increase in consumption due higher production at the Main Treatment Plant and
Recrush Plant.
12.3.1.3 Environmental Management

The ISO 14001 based environmental management system is working well. It is a tool which
seeks compliance to the environment. Also, all waste disposal facilities have been registered
under the Waste Management Act and formal licensing granted. Oil seepage is being taken
care of because the Debswana Jwaneng Mine has paved areas where oil-using equipment are
kept. This is so as to avoid oil seeping through to contaminate underground water. Moreover,
training on environmental awareness is conducted for all employees and contractors and this
is carried out by mine staff on a regular basis.
The soil in the mining area is currently disturbed by mining operations. The Mine residue
dumps increase at various rates per annum. Pre-stripping of the topsoil prior to dumping has
been affected in areas that are not already disturbed. See table below for topsoil stripping.
Table 12.3 Topsoil Stripping During 2003 – 2007

Year Total waste(M3) Top soil (BCM)
2003 100,000 20,000
2004 94,000 18,800
2005 210,000 42,000
106
12.3.2 Energy Sector
12.3.2.1 Alternative energy sources
Like any other township, Jwaneng experiences different settlement set-ups. Where
employment is deemed to be available, people tend to settle in the outskirts of town creating
informal settlements. These are the people who do not have the means to meet ends and
therefore end up utilising alternative energy sources such as gas, wood, paraffin and if funds
permit, solar system.
12.3.2.2 Energy Demand and Supply

The Botswana Power Corporation is currently able to meet the demand for electricity. The
Corporation‟s ability to electrify the newly built residential areas in Jwaneng, is assured
because currently there is enough capacity to provide power in the township.
12.3.3 Water Sector

12.3.3.1 Water supply
The Water Utilities Corporation in Jwaneng manages and distributes water pumped by the
Debswana Mine from its well fields in Magagarapa. The Corporation distributes underground
water for human consumption.
12.3.3.2 Water Conservation and Management

The Water Utilities Corporation is currently carrying out a water losses study in the township.
This is done by installing zonal metres in the pipe network so as to detect any losses through
leakages.
12.3.3.3 Water Protection

Water is a valuable and scarce resource in Botswana and the need to protect it from pollution
cannot be overemphasised. About 80 % of water in Botswana comes from underground
sources while the rest comes from surface water sources. Underground water sources are
being depleted at a high rate and there is a high risk of water pollution from industrial
development and human activities. The problem is also compounded by increasing demand
for water. The need to protect and conserve water together with the introduction of tight
control systems are of paramount importance.
12.3.3.4 Water Demand

The following statistics indicate the average water consumption in the township per month.
Category % MI/month
Domestic 73 104
CommercialandIndustrial 14 21
TownCouncil 7 10
Government 5 8
Total 143
12.3.3.5 Agriculture vis a vis Water

Agricultural activities in the township are minimal; the sector does not use water in
abundance. There is no irrigation in the township.
107
12.3.3.6 Water quality
Even though water in Jwaneng is saline it is potable and thus safe for drinking. It meets all
water purification standards including the World Health Organisation Standards.
12.3.3.7 Government Buildings

The ongoing construction boom and the extensive use of water by the Debswana Jwaneng
Mine puts enormous pressure on the water resources that supply the township. Contractors
engaged by both central government and the Jwaneng Town Council for construction of
various facilities pay for the water they use for construction and the mine recycles water for
re-use for its activities. The Jwaneng Town Council is also exploring possibilities of using
recycled wastewater for its parks and gardens.
12.4 MINERALS, ENERGY AND WATER SECTOR GOALS AND

OBJECTIVES
12.4.1 Mineral Sector Goals and Objective
Goal
To prevent pollution and reduce environmental impacts of mine activities
Objective
To manage waste, emissions and noise, dust and chemical hazards to secure acceptable
working environments, employing wherever practical the principles of reduction, avoidance,
re-use and recycling.
To carry out an Environment Impact Assessment on all activities that may have significant
impact on the environment.
12.4.2 Energy Sector Goals and Objectives

Goal
To distribute and supply electricity in an effective, safe and affordable manner to enhance the
social and economic well being of the Jwaneng Community.
Objective
To embark on public education about safe use of electricity and align tariffs
with market rates
To embark on a network and substation reinforcement programme
commencing in the 2004/2005 financial year
12.4.3 Water Sector goals and objectives

Goal 1
To provide a quality water service to the Jwaneng Township.
Objectives
To ensure adequate supply and proper treatment of water for human
consumption.
108
To regularly ensure that the distribution network is in good condition
Goal 2
To reduce water losses
Objective
To install zonal metres in the pipe network in each environmental unit

ASSESSMENT
Table 12.4 Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives
Objective Environmental impacts
MINERAL
Objective
To manage waste, dust and chemical hazards to secure
acceptable working environments, employing wherever No negative environmental impacts
practical the principles of reduction, avoidance, re-use
and recycling.
To carry out an Environment Impact Assessment on all

activities that may have significant impact on the
environment.
No environmental impacts anticipated

ENERGY
Objectives
a. To embark on public education about safe use of
electricity and align tariffs with market rates No environmental impacts anticipated
b. To embark on a network and substation reinforcement
programme commencing in the 2004/2005 financial year

WATER
Objectives
1. To ensure
adequate supply and proper treatment of water for No environmental impacts anticipated
human consumption.
2. To regularly
ensure that the distribution network is in good condition
3. To install zonal metres in the pipe network in each
environmental unit
Loss of biodiversity because of digging a small pit
to install the metre
109
Table 12.5 Evaluation of Sector Policies and Programmes
Policy/Programme Environmental impacts
Mines and Minerals Act No negative environmental impacts
Waste Management Act No negative environmental impacts
Environmental Impact Assessment Act (Draft) No negative environmental impacts
National Water Master Plan No negative environmental impacts
National Energy Master Plan No negative environmental impacts
12.6 STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

Table 12.6 Strategies to Achieve Sector Goals and Objectives
Strategies/Projects Environmental impacts Action
MINERAL SECTOR
a. Data base record – waste accounted No environmental impacts No mitigation measures

for every month
b. Waste recycling programme – waste
is classified and there are bins
designated for different kinds of waste
ENERGY SECTOR
a. Issuance of information pamphlets, No environmental impacts No mitigation measures

electronic and print media and kgotla
meetings
b. Installation of additional
Loss of biodiversity
transformation capacity at the existing
33/11 kV substation adjacent to the
Jwaneng traffic circle
WATER SECTOR
a. Water sampling every week to ensure No impacts No mitigation measures

compliance with Botswana Bureau of
Standards requirements
b. Prepare schedule of maintenance
c. Installation of metres
No impacts No mitigation measures

Issues
Health – An alarming high rate of death among the employees between the
ages of 20 and 45 due to HIV/AIDS and the number of employees suffering
from debilitating diseases, with very long recovery period, is also on the
increase.
110
Car accidents
12.7.2 Development Budget

The development budget for the Mineral, Energy and Water sector in Jwaneng is revisited and
updated every year, based on the performance of the previous year. It is therefore not possible
at this planning stage to give financial estimates of projects.
111
CHAPTER THIRTEEN
13 WORKS, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS
13.1 INTRODUCTION
Efficient public works, communications and transport services are essential for achieving
socio-economic development objectives of the country. Currently, Botswana is served by a
modern transport and communications network, which is capable of supporting economic,
social and investment policies and programmes of the government .In Jwaneng, Works,
Transport and Communications services are provided by various departments and institutions
as indicated below:
Works Services
The Department of Architecture and Building Services (DABS) and the Department of
Mechanical and Electrical Services (DEMS) are responsible for the implementation and
maintenance of all central government building projects while the Jwaneng Town Council is
responsible for constructing and maintaining council buildings.
Meteorological Services
The department provides weather data and related information for aviation purposes,
agriculture and other uses.
Transport Services
The responsibility for public road construction and maintenance is shared by the Roads
Department for primary and secondary roads and Jwaneng Town Council for internal and
access roads. The Department of Road Transport and Safety promotes road safety education
and better training and licensing.
Communication Services
The Botswana Post provides postal communication to the public and the business community
in and around Jwaneng while the Botswana Telecommunications Corporation (BTC) provides
telecommunication services.
112
13.1.2 Strategic plans for respective ministries
Table 13.1 Strategic Plans for Respective Ministries
Ministry Goal Objective
Ministry of Works, To provide quality public works To deliver projects within approved budget
Transport and and a safe and secure public and formulate guidelines and regulatory
Communications transport service. instruments to ensure safe transport
services
Ministry of Local The improve the quality of life of To evaluate existing physical infrastructure
Government Batswana by coordinating and for its appropriateness and rehabilitate it
providing basic infrastructure where necessary and implement 80 % of
and social services planned and funded projects
Ministry of Lands and To facilitate equitable To develop land allocation criteria to
Housing distribution of land through ensure equitable land distribution
appropriate policies and throughout the country to eligible
legislation customers

Safe and secure nation
Road safety is one of the components of building a safe and secure nation where the road
worthiness of public transport is checked, transport permits are issued, and Road Safety
Education is done with the aim of reducing road accidents, which are the second cause of
death in Jwaneng. Law enforcement and licensing of vehicles is also carried out. The
provision of tarred roads and their maintenance in the township ensures that the community is
safe and secure.

In addition the provision of weather and climate data by the Meteorological Services
Department informs the community about weather forecasts. The community is also educated
and informed about road safety measures with a view to reducing road accidents in Jwaneng.

The private sector also plays a major role in the provision of Works, Transport and
Communication services in the township. Major construction works are hived off to the
private sector through construction companies, with government and council supervising the
projects. Mascom and Orange provide telecommunication services to compliment the BTC
services.

Issues raised by the community under the Works, Transport and Communication sector in
Jwaneng include the following:
Slow project implementation. Concerns were raised about slow

implementation of approved projects. The construction of an Integrated Office
Block and a public library were given as examples of projects which were
never implemented during NDP 8/UDP 1.
Poor workmanship by contractors. There was an outcry that contractors are
not adequately supervised and this results in cost overruns and poor
workmanship.
113
Inadequate capacity of the bus rank. The existing bus rank is said to be
inadequate and there is congestion. The community expressed the need for a
bigger bus rank.
13.2 NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION.

13.2.1 Road Traffic Act
The Act provides for registration and licensing of vehicles, issuance of drivers licenses and
regulation of traffic. There is a local office in Jwaneng, which implements the provision of
this Act. This office serves Jwaneng and the surrounding villages.
13.2.2 National Road Safety Policy

The policy regulates and monitors road safety and makes it mandatory for the establishment
of District Road Safety Committees. Public education on road safety will continue to be a
priority area during the plan period.
13.2.3 Telecommunications Policy

The policy is administered by the Botswana Telecommunications Authority. It aims at
creating a vibrant and competitive telecommunication industry through a liberalised market.
The advent of Mascom and Orange with their services in the town has complemented the aim
of this policy.
13.2.4 Roads Transport Permit Act

This Act outlines procedures that need to be followed in the adjudication of transport permit
applications. Permits for public transport facilities offered by buses, taxis and mini-buses in
the township are issued under this Act.
13.2.5 Town and Country Planning Act

This Act provides for the orderly and progressive development of land and to preserve and
improve amenities thereof. It provides for the granting of permission for any development of
land that is carried out in any planning area. Jwaneng being a planning area operates
according to the provisions of this act whereby all developments in the township are assessed
accordingly and permission granted for such developments. The Act, through the Urban
Development Standards, specifies the width of roads and standard sizes of plots for different
uses like schools, residential, commercial and industrial. The Jwaneng Town Council through
the Planning Committee administers the provisions of the Act.
13.3 WORKS, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS.

13.3.1 Meteorological Services
In the area of Meteorological Services, the department provides weather data and related
information for aviation purposes, agriculture and public weather services in general.
13.3.2 Roads
Road transport remains an important means through which people, goods and services are
transported in the township and throughout the Southern District.
Regarding Council Roads, it is government policy that before plots are allocated, they should
be fully serviced. Therefore, all roads in developed environmental units are tarred. |The total
114
road network under the Jwaneng Town Council is 84 kilometres. To update the network and
address problems of clogging of storm water drains during rainy seasons council engaged a
consultant during UDP I to do a Pavement Management Study for the entire road network
within the township. A report has been submitted to the Council for implementation of its
approved recommendations. The consultant has come up with a 20-year master plan for
upgrading roads and storm water drains in the township and it is hoped that the
recommendations of the report will be implemented during the plan period. There are no
major projects under the central government Roads Department except the ongoing upgrading
of the Jwaneng – Sekoma road, which is expected to be completed before the end of financial
year 2003/2004
13.3.3 Transport and Road Safety

One of the pillars of vision 2016 is a “Safe and Secure Nation”. The pillar envisages a
situation where the national road network will be safe for people to use thereby creating a safe
environment for travelling and investment in Botswana. Road Safety Education, law
enforcement, better training and licensing and reduction of drunken driving will therefore be
priority areas for policy intervention during NDP 9. The department therefore aims at
providing a safe and secure transport service during the plan period to meet the needs of
Botswana and the SADC community.
The Department of Transport and Road Safety was recently established in the Jwaneng
planning area. The department aims to improve road safety within the town and to reduce
road accidents, which are prevalent in the country in general, and the town in particular.
13.3.4 Postal Services

Postal Services still play a role in maintaining communication links between communities.
Botswana Post will continue to manage the activities of post offices effectively for the benefit
of its customers. The postal services have an office in Jwaneng
However, the Botswana Postal Services has performed badly over the past year. This has
prompted the organisation‟s Board of Directors to engage in organisational introspection to
change the operational complexion. Planned activities have been put on hold. This means that
the Botswana Postal Service holistic approach to service delivery might change thereby
changing the projects and strategies, in order to achieve effective service delivery. As the
process of changing the organisational structure of the service is still ongoing, the Botswana
Postal Services will embark on rolling plans, which are revisited and then updated annually,
based on the performance of the previous year.
13.3.5 Department of Architecture and Building Services (DABS)

The Department of Architecture and Building Services is responsible for the implementation
and maintenance of all central government building projects. The DABS office in Jwaneng
will continue to provide operation and maintenance services to central government buildings,
with the assistance of the Head Office personnel where necessary and also supervise
development works in the township.
13.3.6 Central Transport Organisation (CTO)

The department will continue to enhance private sector participation hiving off some of its
services like vehicles maintenance to the private sector. There are no CTO services in
Jwaneng except a fuel point and all other services are offered by Lobatse CTO branch and the
private sector.
115
13.3.7 Telecommunications (BTC)
The BTC has drawn up a comprehensive plan to turn around its operations, with the
assistance of external consultants. The plan is based on BTC‟s vision, which aims at
establishing an effective basic telecommunications infrastructure and position itself as a
centre of excellence in communications. BTC will, during the plan period undertake a review
of all BTC regulated services and price structures, including per second billing to expand its
revenue base. BTC has an office in Jwaneng, which assists the public by installing telephones
in commercial, residential, civic and community and industrial plots in the township.
13.4 TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS GOALS AND

OBJECTIVES.
13.4.1 Meteorological Services
Goal
To provide policy direction, coordination and interpretation of climatic and observational data
Objective
To ensure an effective operational service for provision of basic weather and provide accurate
weather and climate data and information on time.
13.4.2 Roads
Goal
To provide a safe and secure road network within the town.
Objectives
To develop, operate and maintain the roads and associated infrastructure within the town
13.4.3 Transport and Road Safety

Goal
To create a safe environment for travelling by road.
Objective
To enforce laws, train examiners and step up road safety education.
13.4.4 Department of Architectural and Building Services.

Goal
To provide quality, safe and secure and environmentally sound infrastructure and services.
Objective
To deliver projects within approved cost, time and acceptable quality levels.
116
13.5 FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIROMENTAL
ASSESSMENT.
13.5.1 Assessment of Environmental Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives
Table 13.2 Assessment of Environmental Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives
Objective Environmental Impacts
To ensure an effective operational service for No negative impacts anticipated

provision of basic weather and provide accurate
weather and climate data and information on time.
Roads Vegetation clearance

Cutting of trees
To develop, operate and maintain the roads and More land required
associated infrastructure within the town Loss of biodiversity
Transport and Road Safety
To enforce law, train examiners and step up road No negative impacts anticipated
safety education.
Department of Architecture and Building Services.
To deliver projects within approved cost, time and

acceptable quality levels. Vegetation clearance
Cutting of trees
More land required
13.5.2 Evaluation of Sector Policies and Programms

With the increased demand for public transport permits and the resultant increase in vehicle
population, there would be more noise and air pollution from exhaust fumes in the township.
Telecommunication equipment like cell phones, are going to pose a serious environmental
problem when they become obsolete as there are no disposal mechanisms put in place by the
service providers.
117
13.6 STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE WORKS, TRANSPORT AND
COMMUNICATION GOALS AND OBJECTIVES.
Table 13.3 Strategies to Achieve Works, Transport and Communication Goals and
Objectives
Projects/Strategies Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures
a. Replacing obsolete No negative environmental No mitigation measures

transmission equipment as per impacts anticipated
schedule and whenever necessary
b. Calibrating all instruments and

equipment for accuracy
No negative environmental No mitigation measures
according to specification.
impacts anticipated
Transport and Road Safety
Law enforcement, train No negative environmental No mitigation measures

examiners and road safety impacts anticipated
education.
Department of Architecture and

Building Services.
Timely preparation of tender No negative environmental No negative environmental

documentation, commissioning impacts anticipated impacts anticipated
13.7 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR UDP 2.

13.7.1 Development Budget
Table 13.4 Development Expenditure for the Works, Transport and Communications
Sector
Program Project Component Estimated Cost (P) Performance Targets
Improvement 154 000
(electrification and
mechanical works) of
DABS Depot.
WT 104 Improvement to 560 000 Start Date: April 2007

MWT Facilities existing meteorology
offices
End Date: March 2008
TOTAL 714 000
13.7.2 Plan Monitoring and Review.

The projects in the transport, works and communications sector will need to be monitored and
reviewed during implementation of UDP2. The departments are monitored by the Urban
Development Committee through progress reports which are presented quarterly to the
118
committee. The Department of Architecture and Building Services, also reports to the head
office in Gaborone.
119
CHAPTER FOURTEEN
14 LAW, JUSTICE AND SECURITY
14.1 INTRODUCTION
The chapter deals with those institutions involved in enforcing the written laws of Botswana
to ensure a stable and peaceful environment conducive to the nation‟s development. Law,
Justice and Security services in Jwaneng are provided by eight departments namely, the
Botswana Local Police, Botswana Police, Immigration, Customs and Excise, Labour and
Social Security, Administration of Justice, Bye-Law Enforcement and the Fire Department.
The Jwaneng Local Police exists to provide an efficient and effective service to the
community. Proactive community policing in combating crime and general lawlessness shall
be one of the objectives of the Local Police. The duties of the officers are preservation of
public peace, prevention of crime and apprehensive of offenders against public tranquillity.
The officers assist the Town Council in carrying out its lawful functions when called upon to
do so and they are also peace officers for the purposes of the written laws of Botswana. The
Local Police falls under the Ministry of Local Government under the department of Tribal
Administration.
The Bye-Law Enforcement is a Section within the Council under the Ministry of Local
Government. It enforces the byelaw act, which includes commercial and pounding.
The Botswana Police Services falls under the Ministry of Presidential Affairs and Public
Administration. The Botswana Police Service aims to eliminate serious and violent crime and
illegal possession of firearms as well as distribution and use of addictive drugs.
The Labour and Social Security provides Labour Administration Services and this includes
mediation of labour disputes, provision of labour and factory inspectorate services, work
permit processing, apprenticeship training and testing, works compensation administration.
The Department of Immigration‟s main aim is to protect the society against illegal entrance,
residents and movement in and out the country of undesirable persons and at the same time
facilitate passage of legitimate travellers to and from Botswana.
The Department of Administration of Justice‟s aim is to maintain, sustain and develop and
effective judicial system that dispenses justice fairly and partially and expeditiously and to
hold human rights, democracy and the role of law in accordance with the constitution of
Botswana.
The Fire Department is a department, which is empowered to extinguish fires and prevent the
outbreak of fires.

Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs
One of the strategic goals of the Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs is to improve customer
satisfaction by providing services in an excellent, effective, efficient and friendly manner. In
line with this strategic goal the Jwaneng Immigration Office and the Labour office under the
120
Ministry of Labour and Home affairs will strive to effectively and efficiently provide service
to the Jwaneng community mainly in terms of expeditiously and diligently processing
applications for work permits, passports, residence permits and naturalisation. This will attain
the key result area of Customer Satisfaction.
With regards to information provision, the Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs‟ strategic
goal is to generate, acquire, and disseminate information through efficient services for
purposes of education, research, recreation and personal empowerment. The Jwaneng Law,
Justice and Security sector, in particular, the labour office, plans to carry out public education
through addressing kgotla meetings for purposes of educating and informing the community
about the dangers and the consequences of employing non-citizens without workers permits.
Botswana Police Service

One of the strategic goals of the Botswana Police Service is Crime Reduction by providing a
quality service to the people of Botswana, which provides for their needs and focuses n the
reduction of crime and making communities safer. In line with this strategic goal, the
Jwaneng Police will endeavour to reduce crime by 10 % annually, crime prevention initiatives
and increased visibility and shorter response time.
The other strategic goal of the Botswana Police is community policing by increasing public
confidence in the police and developing a style of policing, which entails both consultation
and partnership with the community. The Jwaneng Police Service will encourage the
formation of neighbourhood watch committees by addressing kgotla meetings and promptly
responding to reports.
Department of Tribal Administration

The strategic goals of the Department of Tribal Administration are as follows:
Goal 1
To reduce crime by adopting community a policing strategy by introducing public education
programmes on community policing through kgotla meetings and institutional addresses,
introducing community neighbourhood watch in selected communities and intensifying pro-
active policing strategy by conducting daily visits to the major village wards.
In line with the above goal and objectives, the Jwaneng local police will endeavour to educate
the Jwaneng community through kgotla meetings and to hold lectures at all schools in the
township. The Jwaneng local police will also introduce community neighbourhood watch in
line with objective number 2 above.
Goal 2
To improve the quality of policing service through applied research by determining the levels
of crime through appropriate data collection methods
In line with this objective the Jwaneng local police will submit annual reports to the district
head quarters, which will show among other things, levels of crime in the township.

These security companies‟ main objectives are to guard against any criminal offences that
may arise on the premises they are attached to and also to report such offences to the police to
take action according to the law. The security companies have no powers of arrest but as
121
stated under the criminal procedure and evidence Act Cap 08:02 Section 31, they may arrest
as private persons anyone who commits or attempts to commit an offence in their presence.
In Jwaneng there is quite a number of security companies namely:
Coin Botswana Security

Jabs Security
Vanguard Security
Modia Sengombe Security
D.K Mabolokane Security

Illegal immigrants
Incest offences
Employment of non-citizens without permits
Illegal trading
Road traffic offences.

Safe and secure nation
In line with Vision 2016 pillar of a Safe and Secure Nation, the Law, Justice and Security
Sector will endeavour to intensify efforts to combat crime and encourage the community to
report crime. The Road Traffic section will intensify law enforcement with regard to road
traffic accidents, which has become the second killer in Jwaneng and the country at large.
The Administration of Justice Department will preside over criminal cases brought by the
police for implementation of justice to offenders.

The Law, Justice and Security sector will sensitise the community on the dangers of not
reporting crime and educate them on different types of offences such as defilement, indecent
assault, harbouring illegal immigrants, failure to declare goods brought into the township,
illegal employment of non citizens, domestic violence, illegal hawking and vending. The Fire
Services will particularly educate the community on fire safety.

14.2.1 Bye-Law Enforcement Section
The Jwaneng Town Council Bye-Law Sections main purpose of operation is to provide legal,
trade and regulate services in accordance with established legislation, regulation policies and
directives governing local authorities.
14.2.2 Botswana Local Police Act

The Botswana Police Act is a statutory body established under section 3 of the Local Police
Act Cap 21:04. The Local Police is established under acts no 13 of 1972 to provide
appointment and discipline of officers in the service. The Ministry of Local Government may
issue standing orders for the general control, direction and administration of the service.
122
There is a local police service in Jwaneng, which discharges the responsibilities of the Act.
14.2.3 Employment of Non Citizens Act

The Employment of Non Citizens Act was established under Act no. 11 of 1981 to regulate
the employment and other engagement in occupation for reward or profit of certain persons
who are not citizens of Botswana and to provide for matters incidental thereto.
Jwaneng like the rest of the country is experiencing employment of non-citizens by private
companies or individuals without workers permits. To enforce the provisions of this Act the
Jwaneng Labour office visits private companies on a regular basis to check non-citizens
working without permits and hand them over to the police for prosecution. It also educates the
public by addressing kgotla meetings on the dangers and consequences of illegally employing
non-citizens.
14.2.4 Botswana Police Act

The Botswana Police was established under statutory instrument No 157 of 1978 as amended
by Act No 18 of 1980. The act was established for the enrolment, discipline, control and
administration of the Botswana Police Service. This statutory document guides police
operations in and around Jwaneng.
14.2.5 1Trade and Liquor Act

The Trade and Liquor Act was established under Act no. 29 of 1986 to consolidate with the
enactment relating to trading and liquor licensing and other matters connected therein.
The Jwaneng Town Council is empowered by Cap 40:02 section 6 (1) and (2) to regulate the
Trade and Liquor Act, vending and hawking. Illegal mushrooming of vendor shops and
selling of liquor is a major concern in Jwaneng, therefore the law enforcement officers
inspects and searches premises for the purpose of enforcing the Trade and Liquor Act.
14.2.6 Road Traffic Act

The Road Traffic Act was established under Act no. 43 of 1972 to provide for the registration
and licensing of motor vehicles, for the issuance of driving licences, creation of offences
relating to the use of vehicles and for the regulation of traffic and for matters incidental
thereto.
In Jwaneng, the Act is enforced by the Traffic Section, which is a branch within the Botswana
Police Service. The total number of accidents in and around Jwaneng declined from 351 in
2001 to 291 in 2002. This shows that number of road accidents has decreased.
14.2.7 Immigration Act

The Immigration Act was established under Act no. 19 of 1967 to control the movement of
persons entering and leaving Botswana and to ensure that foreigners do not stay illegally in
the country.
The immigration office in Jwaneng implements the provisions of this Act.
14.2.8 Customs and Excise Act

The Customs and Excise Act was established under Act no. 22 of 1970 to make provisions for
the imposition, levying and collection of customs, fiscal, excise and sales duty, and a
123
surcharge, and matters incidental thereto. The Customs and Excise Act deals with the import
and export of goods.
The customs and excise office in Jwaneng sees to it that goods entering and leaving Jwaneng
are lawfully cleared according to the Act. Private Companies are visited to inspect if imported
goods are lawfully cleared.
14.2.9 Magistrate Act

The Magistrate Act was established under Act no. 20 of 1974, to make provisions for
magistrate courts and for the jurisdiction of persons presiding over such courts and matters
incidental thereto or connected therewith. The Act was established to guide magistrates,
judges, prosecutors and presiding officers to maintain, sustain and develop an effective
judiciary system.
There is a Magistrate Court in Jwaneng that discharges its responsibility in accordance with
the requirements of the Act. The magistrate presides over both criminal and civil matters.
14.3 LAW JUSTICE AND SECURITY

14.3.1 Customary Law and Courts
There are two customary courts in Jwaneng namely the Jwaneng customary court and
Raphalane customary court. The two courts are headed by two court presidents and two
deputy court presidents. The role of these two customary courts is to preside over criminal
cases brought by the police and civil matters brought by the Administration Cadre. The local
police office in Jwaneng is headed by the officer commanding assisted by a District
Administration Officer, two Station Commanders and 36 supporting staff members. The
present manpower for the local police is not adequate to cope with the rapid crime rate in the
township. Refer to Table 14.1 for crime statistics in 2001 and 2002.
Table 14.1 Reported Cases in Jwaneng

2001 2002
Criminal Cases 167 168
Civil Cases 531 612
Total 698 780
14.3.2 Police
There is a police station in Jwaneng manned by a Station Commander and 102 police officers.
The police station comprises of the traffic department, general duties, security and
intelligence service, criminal investigation department and the Diamond and Narcotic Squad.
These sections cover the township and surrounding areas. The rate of crime declined from 378
cases in the first quarter of the year 2003 compared to 360 reported cases in the second
quarter. Manpower shortages are a problem in the department. The establishment register
shows that there are supposed to be 126 police officers as opposed to the existing 103. This is
mainly attributed to shortage of accommodation in the township.
14.3.3 Immigration
The immigration department in Jwaneng is headed by the Senior Immigration Officer 1,
assisted by Senior Immigration Officer II and five supporting staff members. The department
controls the movement of persons entering and leaving Botswana and ensures that foreigners
124
do not stay illegally in Jwaneng. It is also involved in processing applications for residence
permits, passports and naturalisation.
Table 14.2 shows the number of people entering and leaving the country through the Jwaneng
Airport as recorded by the Jwaneng Immigration office.
Table 14.2 People Entering and Leaving the Country in the Years 2001 and 2002
2001 2002
Departures 1565 1391
Arrivals 2551 1587
Table 14.3 shows other activities carried out by the department during the years 2001 and
2002.
Table 14.3 Activities Carried out by the Jwaneng Immigration Office During the Years 2001
and 2002.
2001 2002
Passports issued 3478 3104
People charged for overstaying 50 56
Application for residence permits 285 248
Application for permanent 14 7
residence
Application for naturalisation 24 13
Number of visitors 2449 1110
The Department is constrained by a shortage of manpower mainly because the Jwaneng office
does not only service the township but also the surrounding villages and the Debswana
Jwaneng Mine airport. The other constraint is unavailability of office equipment such as
photocopying machine, fax machine and computers.
14.3.4 Customs And Exercise

The department of Customs and Exercise in Jwaneng deals with control of imports and
exports in order to protect health security, promote trade statistics, ensure that there is
cooperation and liaison with similar organisations in other countries for mutual advantage and
raise revenue for the government. The office is manned by an officer in charge and two
supporting staff members. Initially, there was only one customs and excise office at the
airport but due to the introduction of the Value Added Tax (VAT) another office was
established within the township. This has led to inadequate manpower to cope with the
increased workload. The department registered 106 imports in the year 2000 and 88 in 2001,
which is a decline. In exports it registered 19 in the year 2000 and 26 in 2001, which was an
increase. All these go through the Debswana Jwaneng Mine Airport only.
14.3.5 Fire Services

The Fire Department in Jwaneng falls under the Jwaneng Town Council, which is under the
ministry of Local Government. It has been established under Act no. 6 of 1994, with the
primary duty of prevention and control of fires, save lives, save property from destruction and
to render humanitarian services. The office is headed by the Chief Fire Officer with 30
supporting staff members. There are six vacant posts. The Fire Department registered 516
cases of fire outbreaks in 2002 and during the year 2003 the number declined to 119. A
125
shortage of light duty and heavy-duty drivers hampers the work to be done effectively and
efficiently. The existing fire engines have no high ground clearance base to go into remote
areas to fight grass or bush fires.
14.3.6 Magistrate
The Magistrate office in Jwaneng is headed by the Senior Magistrate officer with 10
supporting staff members. Even though the manpower is adequate, transport remains a
problem, since the office has no transport since the year 2002. Due to a lack of transport the
department is facing a backlog of cases especially civil matters. The department relies on the
Central Transport Organisation to assist with pool vehicles, although it is not possible to be
assisted at all times.
The Labour and Social Security has an office Jwaneng, which covers the Jwaneng Township
and surrounding areas. The office is headed by the District Labour Officer, with two labour
officers and 7 support staff. The department ensures that private companies and individuals
employ non-citizens who possess workers permits. Shortage of staff hampers the work to run
smoothly. Companies are visited at least once a month to conduct labour inspections.
14.3.7 Labour and Social Security

The Labour and Social Security office in Jwaneng, caters for Jwaneng and surrounding areas.
The office is headed by the District Labour officer, assisted by two labour officers and seven
supporting staff members. The Department ensures that private sector and individual persons
employ non-citizens who possess valid workers permits. A shortage of staff hampers this to
run smoothly. Companies are visited at least once a month to conduct labour inspections.
14.4 LAW, JUSTICE AND SECURITY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

14.4.1 Immigration
Table 14.4 Immigration Sector Goals and Objectives
Goal Objective
Reduce illegal immigrants and educate To sensitise members of the public about illegal
members of the public immigrants and citizenship act
14.4.2 Botswana Police Service

Table 14.5 Botswana Police Service Sector Goals and Objectives
Goal Objectives
To reduce crime To reduce crime by 10% annually for the plan period
To promote community policing To develop community partnerships through formation of

neighbourhood watch committees.
To provide quality service To improve productivity levels through human resources

development
To ensure efficient and effective To improve contact and communication with our clientele
management of resources by quicker response time to reports.
126
14.4.3 Customs And Excise
Table 14.6 Customs And Excise Sector Goals And Objectives
Goal Objective
Public education on Customs and Excise To enhance compliance through public awareness
procedures campaigns
To make design leaflets on customs procedures at all

customs office
14.4.4 Botswana Local Police

Table 14.7 Botswana Local Police Sector Goals And Objectives
Goal Objective
To reduce crime To prevent crime and apprehend offenders against public
peace
Public education To educate members of the public on crime prevention

and how to secure their belongings

Table 14.8 Labour and Social Security Sector Goals and Objectives
Goal Objective
Public education To ensure that foreigners working in Jwaneng have valid
workers permits
14.4.6 Bye-Law Enforcement

Table 14.9 Byelaw Enforcement Sector Goals and Objectives
Goal Objective
Public education To promote understanding of legalities, regulations
policies and directives

Table 14.10 Fire Services Sector Goals and Objectives
Goal Objective
Public education and provision of quality To promote fire safety awareness in Jwaneng
service

ASSESSMENT
The goals and objectives in the sector are mainly based on increasing public education on
security with very minimum impacts on the environment.
127
The policies and programmes discussed under Law, Justice and Security are not anticipated to
have any impacts on the environment because they do not entail any physical projects.
14.6 STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE LAW JUSTICE AND SECURITY

SECTOR, GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
14.6.1 Immigration
Table 14.11 Strategies To Achieve Immigration Sector Goals and Objectives
Objective Strategy/Projects Potential Action
Impacts
To sensitise members Conduct Kgotla meeting No potential No mitigation
of the public about to educate members of impacts measures
illegal immigrants the public once in every
and citizenship act 3 months.
14.6.2 Botswana Police Service

Table 14.12 Strategies to Achieve Botswana Police Service Sector Goals and Objectives
Objectives Strategy Potential Action
Impacts
To reduce crime by 1.Through increased crime
10% annually for the prevention initiatives No No mitigation
plan period 2.Through increased visibility environment measures
and response time al impacts
3.Through implementation of anticipated
traffic management strategy
To develop 1. Through improvement of
community crime prevention committees No
partnership 2. Through further environment No mitigation
development of the al impacts measures
community service centre anticipated
concept
To improve 1. Through improved training
productivity levels methods No No mitigation
through human 2. Through promotion of on environment measures
resources the job training al impacts
development anticipated
3.Through improved access to
information
4.Through implementation of
the revised communication
strategy
5.Through streamlining
administrative procedures
To improve contact 1. Through the adoption of
and communication information technologies No No mitigation
with our clientele 2.Maximization of transport environment measures
resources al impacts
3. Reduction of accidents anticipated
involving police vehicles
128
14.6.3 Customs And Exercise
Table 14.13 Strategies To Achieve Customs and Exercise Sector Goals and Objectives
Objective Strategy Mitigation Measures Action
To enhance compliance Public education once No environmental No mitigation measures
through public in 3 months impacts anticipated
awareness campaigns
To make design leaflets Availability of leaflets

on customs procedures on customs procedures
at all customs office
14.6.4 Botswana Local Police

Table 14.14 Strategies to Achieve Botswana Local Police Sector Goals and Objectives
Objective Strategy Mitigation Action
Measures
To prevent crime Intensive patrols
and apprehend regularly
offenders against Intensive patrols No environmental No mitigation
public peace regularly impacts anticipated measures
To educate members
of the public on
Conducting of
crime prevention and
lectures to
how to secure their
Secondary, Primary
belongings
Schools and
members of the
public regularly.

Table 14.15 Strategies To Achieve Labour and Social Security Sector Goals and
Objectives
Measures
To ensure that 1.Visit to private No environmental No mitigation
foreigners working in companies regularly impacts anticipated measures
Jwaneng have valid 2.Address company
workers permits owners on the
dangers of
employing non-
citizens without
permits
14.6.6 Bye-Law Enforcement

Table 14.16 Strategies to Achieve Bye Law Enforcement Sector Goals and Objectives
Measures
To promote 1. Use of public No environmental No mitigation
understanding of address system impacts anticipated measures
legalities, regulations 2. Conducting of
policies and workshop seminars
directives and address of
Kgotla meetings
regularly
129
Measures
3. In conjunction
with the police,
conduct day and
night patrols within
the Township

Table 14.17 Strategies to Achieve Fire Services Sector Goals and Objectives
Objective Strategy Mitigation
Measures
To promote fire 1.mounting safety No environmental No mitigation
safety awareness in education campaigns impacts anticipated measures
Jwaneng through lectures
2.Provide fire
prevention and
protection inspection
services
3. Scrutinize building
plans
4. Familiarise staff
by visiting high risk
premises for
effective operation in
the event of fire
5. Inspect and test
fire hydrants on a 6
monthly basis
6. Plan with other
relevant departments
for effective
operation

For central government departments, resource proposals are estimated and sent to respective
headquarters for further assessment and consideration but it is not a guarantee that the funds
will be provided as such it is not possible at this planning stage to give estimated figures.
The following are performance targets and resource requirements for the Fire Services
Department under Jwaneng Town Council:
Table 14.18 Performance Targets And Resource Requirements for UDP II

Objective Activity Performance Resource Requirements
Targets
To promote fire 1. Fire Safety 1.Every six months P15 000 every financial
safety awareness in education campaigns year
Jwaneng 2. Fire prevention
and inspection
2. Monthly
services
3. Inspection and
testing of fire
130
Objective Activity Performance Resource Requirements
Targets
hydrants 3.Every six months
4.Fire
demonstrations
5. Training in 4.Yearly
handling of first aid
fire fighting
equipment 5.Every six months

Reports are compiled and submitted to regional offices and head offices on quarterly and
annually to monitor the performance of respective department under the Law, Justice and
Security Sector. As for the Council Fire Services Department, quarterly reports will be made
to the Urban Development Committee and monthly reports to the Chief Officers Management
Team.
131
CHAPTER FIFTEEN
15 LOCAL GOVERNMENT
15.1 INTRODUCTION
The Ministry of Local Government is represented by the District Administration, Tribal
Administration and the Town Council. The Ministry of Local Government is responsible for
the efficient operation of the Local Authorities. The responsibility for the Management of
Local Authorities Personnel, except District Administration is vested in the Directorate of
Local Government Service Management.
There are four different types of Local Authorities; these are District and Urban Councils,
Tribal Administration, Land boards and District Administration. In Jwaneng, there are three
(3) Local Authorities represented, except the Land board.
Other organisations represented in the town are financial banks, utilities corporations, Mine
Hospital and primary schools.
The following Ministries are represented in Jwaneng and they are as follows: Ministry of
Presidential Affairs (Police), Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs (Immigration, Labour and
Youth), Ministry of Trade, Industry, Wildlife and Tourism, Integrated Field Services (IFS),
Administration of Justice, Ministry of Education (Junior Secondary Schools) and the Ministry
of Local Government (Town Council, Tribal Administration, Local Police, District
Administration).
Parastatals: Botswana Telecommunications Corporation, Postal Services, Water Utilities

Corporation, Botswana Power Corporation, and Botswana Housing Corporation.
The Private Sector represented by three (3) Financial banks, Debswana Hospital and Primary
School.
A Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Local Government exists and is directed by its Vision,
Mission and Values. These will guide the projects and overall performance of the Ministry.

The private and parastatal sectors available in Jwaneng are, the Botswana Housing
Corporation, Botswana Power Corporation, Water Utilities Corporation, Botswana
Telecomms Corporation, Debswana Mining Company, Barclays, Standard, and the First
National Bank.
The Botswana Power Corporation, Water Utilities Corporation, Botswana Telecomms

Corporation, will continue to provide services as per their separate mandate, in accordance
with the needs as perceived by the town/residents. This will include servicing EU8 and 9.
The contribution of each organisation is summarized below
The Botswana Housing Corporation, will continue construction of housing units, with the
purpose of rent or sale: The Botswana Housing Corporation and others can participate in
servicing land to address the problem of delayed provision of ready land.
132
The private sector needs to participate in servicing land for commercial and industrial
purposes so as to attract business to Jwaneng.
The financial institutions will provide service as per their mandate.
The Debswana Mining Company will provide infrastructure and other services for the benefit
of its employees, and indirectly, for the benefit of Jwaneng residents in general.
15.1.3 The Consultation Process

During the consultations, communities were able to come up with projects that they want to
be implemented during UDP2. The consultations were in line with emerging challenges that
have been highlighted during NDP 8 mid term review such as HIV/AIDS, Vision 2016,
environmental conservation, economic diversification and employment creation.

HIV/AIDS
Both, Jwaneng and the Southern District have a high HIV/AIDS prevalence, and the goal is to
reduce new infections.
Unemployment
Lack of employment opportunities in and around the Southern District tends to pull people
towards Jwaneng, in anticipation of availability of jobs. It becomes necessary for both
districts to develop strategies by which to address the matter.
Squatters
As people move to Jwaneng in anticipation of jobs, they find themselves without proper
housing. They are therefore forced to construct make shift structures which are
indiscriminately placed. It is necessary that the Southern District Council, Jwaneng Town
Council and Ngwaketse Land Board, service and demarcate plots in the surrounding villages
to meet the demand for land. The strategy would help to curb squatting.
Primary Health care

The two Jwaneng Town Council clinics are accessible to residents and to people from the
surrounding villages. As Jwaneng operates a 24-hour clinic, with a maternity wing, it tends to
be attractive to those from the nearby villages. The influx has a negative bearing on
availability of drugs, as the number of patients increases. It is necessary for the Southern
District to develop strategies by which to provide a service that would be convenient to the
people. This can be done by upgrading health posts to clinics, and by staffing them with
nurses who hold requisite qualifications.
Disaster Management
There is a need for both Jwaneng and the Southern District to develop coping strategies,
which would address, for example, veld fires, especially those that are outside the Jwaneng
Town Council boundaries, as it has been discovered that residents or occupiers of the affected
areas are reluctant to participate.
133
Waste Management
There is a need to develop and implement strategies by which to reduce contamination of
earth and underground water sources. Waste generated by Jwaneng and by the Southern
District needs to be managed in an efficient matter so as to reduce fast wear and tear of the
incinerators, and to prolong the lifespan of the Landfill.
Saline water
Water is supplied from Magagarapa well fields in Kweneng District. Concerns have been
raised regarding the water quality, as there are a lot of lime deposits in the water. These lime
deposits block household water reticulation pipes, with the resultant high operation and
maintenance costs of the pipes.
Social Welfare
Both districts enjoy benefits of national social welfare safety nets. However, beneficiaries
tend to criss-cross borders in favour of one Council over the other.

The NDP 9 theme of “Towards Realization of Vision 2016: a sustainable and diversified
development through competitiveness in the Global Market” has been taken into cognisance
by the Urban Development Plan II which aims at addressing it in its various programmes and
projects. These will be addressed as follows:
An Educated and Informed Nation

Jwaneng Town Council is vested with the responsibility of providing Primary Education
facilities and all that goes with it – such as buildings, furniture, books and equipment. These
will be provided for over the plan period, and to also meet the requirements of the Revised
National Education Policy of 30:1 pupil/teacher ratio.
Council also ensures that children of school going age do not drop out due to poverty at the
home level. The welfare programme provides the necessary support, thus ensuring attendance
and improved educational levels.
A Compassionate, Just and Caring Nation

Jwaneng Town Council is vested with the responsibility of providing safety nets for that in
need by providing monthly food packages, clothes and school uniforms for the destitute and
the orphaned.
Through the clinics, Council provides medication and treatment, at a subsidized rate, therefore
ensuring availability of treatment to all. Other packages are availed for the home-based care
programme.
An Open and Democratic Nation
The Kgotla not only ensures sharing and spreading of information, for purposes of educating
the nation, it also allows all to participate in the discussions, thereby embracing the fact that
Batswana have input in development programmes and policies formulation.

The Local Authorities (LA) operates under the following policies:
134
15.2.1 District Administration
Magistrate Courts Act
According to this Act, the District Commissioner/District Officer has legal powers to perform
various judicial functions as stipulated in the Laws of Botswana. However they are not given
any induction to enable them to diligently perform such duties.
Marriage Act
Marriage officers continue to solemnize marriages after satisfying that there are no legal
impediments to the proposed marriages. Premarital and post marital counselling will continue
to be given by the District Officer if couples so desire.
Penal Code and Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act

There is aneed to review conviction and fines procedures referred to District Officers by
customary courts to give the former ample review time and to ascertain that the correct fines
have been imposed.
15.2.2 Tribal Administration

Customary Court Act
The Customary Court Act CAP 04:05 was enacted for the smooth running of customary
courts in enforcing specified laws. There are 2 customary courts (Jwaneng and Raphalane
Customary Courts) whose mandate is to implement the Act to ensure promotion of peace,
harmony and to dispense justice.
15.2.3 Town Council

i)Township Act
This is an act empowering the minister to declare by statutory instrument to make an order
that any place in Botswana be a township except those places in the Tribal Territories and the
freehold farms. Jwaneng was declared a town under this act.
ii)Town and Country Planning Act

This is an act to make provision for the orderly and progressive development of land in both
Urban and Rural areas and to preserve and improve amenities thereof; for the grant of
permission to develop land and for the powers of control over land. This is implemented
through the Planning Committee‟s monthly meetings, where applications for use of land are
considered.
iii)Education Policy
Under this policy the Ministry of Education has transferred the responsibility for the provision
of Primary Education to Local Government, which in turn delegated to Local Authorities.
The policy holds Jwaneng Council responsible for the provision of all primary education
requirements such as:
Schools and books

Teachers Housing
General welfare of both teachers and pupils
135
The Jwaneng Town Council implements this policy through the Education Committee which
sits every 2 months, to monitor progress of the Recurrent and Capital Budgets, and any other
matters pertaining to primary education.
iv)Destitution Policy
This is a government policy shouldering Local Authorities with the responsibility of catering
for the poor and marginalized within their communities.
With the recent amendment of the Jwaneng Mine Precious Stones Act, the Jwaneng Town
Council is now under this policy responsible for the welfare of the aforementioned class of
people by providing:
Monthly food rations and clothing

Education and welfare of children
Medical treatment, at government rate.
General welfare of both parents and children
v)Children’s Act
This is an act to make provision for the care and custody of children; for the appointment of
Commissioner of Child Welfare: for the establishment of children and juvenile courts and
certain institutions for the reception of children, and for matters connected therewith. The
Social workers provide reports, as and when required by the Magistrates
vi)Trade and Liquor Act

This is an act to consolidate with amendments the enactments relating to trading and liquor
licensing and other matters connected therewith. Monthly meetings of the Trade and
Licensing Committee are held to process applications for trading licences.
vii)Byelaws
These are regulatory sub-laws formulated and implemented by the Councils/Local Authorities
as empowered by CAP 40:02 Section 6 (1) and (2).
The Byelaws are made to mainly enforce implementation of the following:
Trade and Liquor Act

Hawking and Vending
Health Act
Waste Management
These are mainly to maintain good health and governance. The Trade and Liquor licensing
Committee sits every month to implement the above.
viii)Day Care Centre Policy

Jwaneng Town Council encourages individuals and groups to construct and run day care
centres as a service to working parents.
136
The requirement of this policy is that the structure within which a Day Care Centre is
operated should have a sickbay, playing equipment, junior toilets, furniture, first aid kit and
an office away from the classrooms. A licence is then issued by council after combined
inspection by the Social and Community Development, Fire and Environmental Health
Departments. Byelaws with appropriate fines are currently being formulated to ensure
compliance.
ix)Waste Management Act

The Jwaneng town Council implements this Act by collecting and disposing of waste from
household, commercial and industrial establishments for disposal at the landfill.
15.3 LOCAL GOVERNMENT

15.3.1 Urban Councils
The main responsibilities of Council are:
Provision of basic primary education, primary health care and primary roads.
Responsibilities have been extended to cover related items such as the issuing of business
licences, environmental health, and administration of SHHA.
Urban Councils have delegated functions stipulated by law. Their statutory responsibilities
include provision of primary education, primary health care, and access roads. These
responsibilities cover related items such as; sanitation services, social and community
development as well as administering Self Help Housing Agency (SHHA), municipal
abattoirs and market stalls. Some of the functions are complemented by Central Government
departments/Ministries and parastatals, examples are; Water, Education and Health.
15.3.1.1 Social Welfare

Social welfare activities are designed to ensure that families, as well as vulnerable groups and
individuals are cushioned against the effects of drought, destitution and the gradual
disintegration of the extended family.
Annually the section holds Social Welfare workshops, with participants drawn from the
community of Jwaneng. In addition, the section attends to diverse social cases brought by the
community daily. The number of such cases has been fluctuating over the years as indicated
by the table below:
15.3.1.2 Community Development

The department mobilises the community to engage in self-help work. In Jwaneng there are
seven (7) Ward Development Committees and one Consultative committee (umbrella).
During UDP1 the community did not undertake any project due to lack of plots.
Out of the seven (7) Ward Development Committees, four managed to raise a total of P5
531.74, which they shared for development purposes.
15.3.1.3 Home Economics

This section deals with skills training in home management, handicraft and imparting
knowledge to families and members of the community.
137
15.3.1.4 Economic Empowerment and Poverty Alleviation Programme
The section enrols thirty-five (35) participants annually. The number of participants has been
unstable during UDP1. During UDP 2 efforts will be made to encourage regular attendance.
This will be done through intensive mobilization of the community by the department.
It is expected that during this plan period the Precious Stone and Semi Precious Stones
Protection Act will be amended to give way to the Social Welfare Section of Jwaneng Town
Council to adequately make service provision to destitutes.
15.3.2 Tribal Administration

The department has traditional development duties. It is composed of the Court Presidents,
their deputies and administrative staff.
Tribal Administration activities are decentralised and they include preservation of culture and
administration of customary law, presiding over both criminal and civil cases as well as
settling disputes.
15.3.3 District Administration

Development activities undertaken by Central Government, Local Authorities and other
agencies are coordinated by the Urban Development Committee, which is chaired by the
District Officer.
The Urban Development Committee is an advisory body, which addresses Local

Development issues affecting the town. The District Officer chairs it and it is made up of
Central Government Departments, the Urban Council, Tribal Administration, Parastatals and
other development agencies.
15.4 LOCAL GOVERNMENT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

Goal
To improve the quality of life of the public through the provision of basic physical and social
infrastructure, and by provision of other services
Objectives
To construct a primary school in order to accommodate children from EU 6, 7,
8
by the financial year 2007/08. (See chapter on Education)
To construct a clinic in EU 7 by end of 2003/04
To construct a bus rank by end of 2004/05
To construct public toilets, at various strategic places, by end of 2004/05
To construct market stalls by 2004/05 with the aim of spreading out the service
To clean the environment by providing skips in the first 4 years of the plan
To annually remove vegetation along the road reserve, and clean up the storm
water drains
To construct a truck inn by the end of 2006/07, so as to provide a resting place
for long distance trucks
To upgrade 4 kilometres of sewerage system by end of 2005/06, with the aim
of controlling spillage
To sort, compost, and/or recycle waste by end of 2004/05
138
Goal
To efficiently coordinate Local Government activities and programmes.
Objectives (on quarterly basis)
To hold Urban Development Committee meetings so as to monitor plan of

action, (by use of departmental reports).
To hold quarterly meeting, of the Plan Management Committee.
To manage and discuss plan of action and other issues, by use of the high level
consultative forum, which meets quarterly.
To provide feedback, to Full Council, on programme implementation, bi-
annually.
Goal
To provide an enabling environment for enhanced participation in development, in line with
Vision 2016: An informed and educated nation.
Objectives
To hold 2 kgotla meetings, to share information, and to solicit feedback on
performance of government and/or Council.
To involve community based organizations in programmes and issues that need
their participation. They will attend meetings and/or workshops.
To encourage establishment and participation of ward development committees
by use of workshops; kgotla; plan preparation meetings.
To solicit views from residents, in general about departmental performance by
use of local media; open-door policy; suggestion box.
To educate members of the public about any new or improved government
policy, programmes and Acts.
Goal
To drive and monitor implementation of HIV/AIDS programmes, to ensure achievement of
Vision 2016 –to reduce the prevalence of HIV/AIDS.
Objectives
To encourage a multi-sectoral approach and response to the epidemic, by
holding quarterly DMSAC meetings.
To hold, bi-annually, open days, by which to educate members of the
community.
To annually commemorate World AIDS Day.
To establish and support the functions of AIDS-in-the-work place committees.
To encourage Peer educators to give feedback to DMSAC, and to
organizational structures.
139
15.5 STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SECTOR
The Local Government ministry‟s goals and objectives will be achieved through: public
education on Government policies, implementation of all proposed projects and provision of
efficient services, promoting the spirit of peaceful co-existence among township residents
who come from different groups but all reside in the town area, ensuring effective monitoring
of project through quarterly reports presented to UDC and ensuring strict adherence to bye-
laws through punitive measures to those that do not obey them.

Table 15.1 Resource Requirements for LG104 - Local Authority Fleet Development
Financial Programme Project Component Estimated Cost
Year (P)
Ambulance (Fire department) 200 000
Station Wagon (District Administration) 300 000
2003/2004
7 Ton Truck (Supplies) 300 000
SUB TOTAL 800 000
7 Ton Truck (Education) 350 000
Toyota Double Cab (Tribal) 150 000
Car (Personnel) 80 000
Light Duty Vehicle (District 80 000
2005/2006 Administration 80 000
Car (Tribal) 200 000
LG 104
Venture (Pool – Council)
SUB TOTAL 940 000
Dyna (Buildings) 200 000
2006/2007 7 Ton Truck (District Administration) 300 000
SUB TOTAL 500 000
Light Duty Vehicle (District 90 000
Administration) 150 000
2007/2008 4 x 4 Toyota Hilux (Tribal)
SUB TOTAL 240 000
GRAND TOTal 2 480 000
Table 15.2 Resource Requirements for LG 901 – Customary Courts

Year (P)
2003/2004 Customary court and Staff Houses 3 611 000
2004/2005 LG 901 Customary court and staff houses – 3 611 000
completion
140
Table 15.3 Resource Requirements for LG 1103 - Recreational Facilities
Year (P)
2003/2004 LG 1103 Final/detailed design of the 250 000
Amusement Park and supervision
Amusement Park Phase I 2 500 000
construction (site development,
amphitheatre/open air market,
offices, conference room, mini
golf)
SUB TOTAL 2 750 000
2005/2006 Landscaping parks 150 000
2006/2007 Phase II of the Amusement Park 3 000 000
(expansion)
2008/2009 Landscaping parks 220 000
Table 15.4 Resource Requirements for LG 1105 - Rural Administration Centres and
Offices
Year (P)
2006/2007 LG 1105 Construction of SHHA offices at EU 1 700 000
8
Table 15.5 Resource Requirements for LG 1107 – Labour Intensive Public Works
Year (P)
2003/2004 Vegetation control, sweeping of storm 81 000
water drainage, cleaning road reserves,
etc.
etc.
etc.
LG 1107
etc.
etc.
etc.
GRAND TOTAL 486 000
141
Table 15.6 Resource Requirements for LG 1109 – Community Projects
Financial Programme Project component Estimated cost
year (p)
2003/2004 Training and Logistics 10 000
Residential House – Seole Ward 40 000
SUB TOTAL 50 000
2004/2005 Residential House – Molopo Ward 40 000
2005/2006 Residential House – Mogale Ward 40 000
Training and Logistics 10 000
SUB TOTAL 50 000
2006/2007 LG 1109 Residential House – Kgalagadi 40 000
Ward
2007/2008 Residential House – Ngami Ward 40 000
Training and Logistics 10 000
SUB TOTAL 50 000
2008/2009 Residential House – Raphalane 40 000
Ward 26 000
Horticulture – Macro Project -
Industrial
SUB TOTAL 66 000
GRAND TOTAL 296 000
Table 15.7 Resource Requirements For LG 1112 - Municipal Services

Year (P)
2003/2004 Consultancy on feasibility study for 200 000
the bus rank
2004/2005 Construction of bus rank 1 400 000
6 Market stalls 168 000
LG 1112
SUB TOTAL 1 568 000
2005/2006 6 Market stalls 168 000
2006/2007 Truck inn (with ablution facilities, 1 314 000
accommodation etc)
Table 15.8 Resource Requirements for LG 1114 – Urban Sewerage

Financial Year Programme Project Component Estimated Cost (P)
2003/2004 Purchase of Refuse Skips (20) 300 000
Purchase of a Landfill Compactor 1 900 000
LG 1114 Upgrade 4km of trunk sewers, 4 000 000

install chlorinator at sewer ponds,
purchase pumps and accessories
including a project vehicle. Costs
include design and supervision
fees.
142
Financial Year Programme Project Component Estimated Cost (P)
SUB TOTAL 6 200 000
Composting of organic waste and 4 650 000

sorting machinery turning
2004/2005
machine, screening machine &
shredding plant
400 000
Purchase of a Self Loading Tipper
Truck
Purchase of Refuse Compactor 500 000

Truck
1 000 000
Construction of Public Toilets (1 x
1 block of 6 toilets)
300 000
Purchase of Refuse Skips (20)
4 000 000
Expansion of existing sewer ponds
SUB TOTAL 10 850 000
2005/2006 Upgrading of the road to the ponds 1 000 000
Upgrading of trunk sewers 700 000
Purchase of Refuse Skips (20) 300 000
Construction of Public Toilets (1 x 1 000 000

1 block of 6 toilets)
Purchase of Refuse Compactor 500 000

Truck
SUB TOTAL 3 500 000
Construction of sewer offices and
2006/2007 workshop at the ponds 500 000
2007/2008 Rationalization of 20 pumping 1 000 000
stations
2008/2009 Pilot Agricultural project 600 000

The Jwaneng Town Council monitors plan performance by use of Heads of Departments
monthly meetings, and by use of council and its committees.
The Tribal and District Administration convene meetings every 3 months to discuss issues of
mutual concern, including plan performance.
The three Local Authorities, Government Departments and the Private Sector are members of
the Urban Development Committee, at which they report on a quarterly basis on the plan
implementation. Annual plans containing project proposals for both Council and Central
143
Government Departments are also presented to Full Council at the beginning of each financial
year as a monitoring mechanism.
144
CHAPTER SIXTEEN
16 CONTINGENCY PLANNING
16.1 INTRODUCTION
Botswana is prone to various types of disasters, principally drought, which has become a
cyclical phenomenon in the country. On an irregular basis, other types of disasters like veld
fire, epidemics and floods do occur. In the context of Jwaneng, it is mostly veld fires that
occur annually in areas surrounding the township. Disasters of this nature can seriously
disrupt the process of development hence their recognition by government and the need for a
more coordinated management of drought and other forms of disaster.
At national level, the National Disaster Management Office (NDMO) under the Office of the
President is responsible for leading and coordinating disaster planning, preparedness,
mitigation and recovery in Botswana. At the local level, the responsibility for disaster
management lies with the District Disaster Preparedness Committee headed by the District
Officer and Town Clerk under the Ministry of Local Government.
16.1.1 Disaster Relief Sector Priorities

In its long-term vision for the country, the government of Botswana has undertaken to among
other things, build a compassionate, just and caring nation. It is this pillar, which is more
relevant in any relief interventions undertaken by the District Disaster Preparedness
Committee in a disaster situation. The committee will coordinate efforts of various
stakeholders, that is, government departments, community based organisations, non-
governmental organisations and the private sector.
By nature, any form of disaster disrupts the normal way of life of society as it is sudden and
causes damage to property, infrastructure and sometimes, even leads to loss of life. In
Jwaneng the most common type of disaster is fire outbreaks, road accidents and to a small
extent mine accidents. Responses to these disasters should be as far as possible be planned in
advance and be ready for implementation in the event that the need arises. To improve the
town‟s disaster planning preparedness and mitigation, the Disaster Preparedness Committee
will be revived during UDP2. The Committee‟s main responsibility will be among others to:
i. Organise and administer emergency relief interventions

ii. Produce a disaster plan for the town and surrounding areas and
Coordinate its implementation
iii. Advocate for the establishment of a Disaster Fund by government, which
can immediately be used by districts in times of disaster. Time is of
essence in any disaster situation and such a fund will speed up the
Disaster Preparedness Committee‟s response time and assist in speeding
up recovery efforts.
16.1.2 The role of the Private Sector

Once the Disaster Preparedness Committee is revived, all stakeholders in disaster
management including the private sector and non-governmental organisation will participate.
The role of the private sector in disaster management in terms of relief interventions and
contribution to food security cannot be over emphasised.
145
16.2.1 National Disaster Management Plan
The National Policy on Disaster Management provides the framework for the National
Disaster Management Plan.
Disaster management is the responsibility of every citizen and institution in the country.
Integrated and coordinated disaster management is based on partnerships and cooperation
amongst all government sectors. Efficient and cost effective disaster management will be
based on the mobilization of existing government structures and resources in collaboration
with communities, the private sector and non-governmental organizations.
16.2.2 National Food Security Strategy

The National Food Strategy lays down the framework within which the national and
household food and economic security processes and activities are to be carried out. The
scope of the strategy is as follows:
Providing economic access to food for household by attainment of a broad-

based income security.
Assurance of household food security is availability through national food
imports and production.
Within the scope of this strategy, there will be joint responsibility reflecting the
partnership of Government, private sector, and household in the availability
and access to nutritionally safe and adequate food.
The two policies raise issues of coordinated disaster management and household food
security. Within the context of Jwaneng, the District Preparedness committee will coordinate
disaster management as outline at 16.1.1. Regarding food security, the Jwaneng Town
Council will continue to implement programmes designed for certain vulnerable groups in
order to get maximum intended benefits from the programmes. These programmes include
orphan care, home based care, destitution and assistance to needy students. The Department
of Crop Production and Forestry will continue to encourage production of vegetables in back
yards and institutional gardens for domestic consumption to increase household food security.
16.3 CONTINGENCY PLANS

As outlined at 16.1.1, the District Disaster Management Committee will be responsible for
disaster management and relief interventions. In the event of a disaster the committee has
agreed that the operation centre will be the Civic Centre where all logistics and resource
requirements will be mobilised.
Coordinated efforts in handling all forms of disaster in the district will be spearheaded by the
Disaster Committee. Experience has shown that outbreaks of veld fires are a common form
of disaster in the district, though they may be others like foods, extreme weather and road
accidents.
The Agricultural Resources Board under the Ministry of Agriculture will continue in
conjunction with the Disaster Committee to undertake the following:
i. Educational campaigns – call Kgotla meeting and organise workshops to

sensitise people on how to prevent and fight veld fires.
146
ii. Fire management training – conduct in-house training of Council and
central government employees in handling of fire fighting equipment.
iii. Provide the necessary fire fighting equipment like fire engines,
extinguishers and hand sprayers.
iv. Provision of storm water drainage in town especially in prone areas.

ASSESSMENT
The use of fire engines, extinguishers and provision of storm water drainage will have the
following environmental impacts:
Loss of vegetation, which may lead to sol erosion

Noise and dust pollution from fire engines

Resources for contingency planning are sourced from within individual departmental budgets.
There is also a centralized disaster fund established by government. In Jwaneng, the most
common type of disaster is fire outbreaks and these are handled by the Council Fire
Department.
In the event of any disaster, existing government structures and resources in collaboration
with communities, Non Governmental Organisations and private sector will be mobilized.
Relief interventions are coordinated by the District Disaster Preparedness Committee at the
local level, which has the overall responsibility of monitoring relief measures with financial
assistance from the National Disaster Management office. The private sector and non-
governmental organizations will also be mobilized by the Disaster Committee to actively
participate in disaster preparedness and management activities.
147
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN
17 PLAN MONITORING AND EVALUATION
17.1 INTRODUCTION
Structural arrangements in the form of functional institutions responsible for the formulation
and implementation of the UDP2 are already in place. The overall responsibility for all
aspects of the UDP lies with the Urban Development Committee (UDC). The principal
functions of the UDC are:
To serve as a planning body for the town

To coordinate the work of various central and local government agencies
To prepare and oversee the implementation of the UDP
The Plan Management Committee, a Sub Committee of the UDC, will be responsible for the
general management of the plan. This sub committee has not been in existence in Jwaneng
and efforts will be made during UDP 2 plan period to establish this sub committee, which is a
core group decision oriented with the primary responsibility of managing the plan.
17.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ACTIVITIES

There will be need to identify environmentally sensitive areas and reduce activities that will
be harmful to the environment during the plan period in an effort to protect and preserve the
environment. Upgrading of low-income areas, which started in 1999 has addressed the
problem of the use of pit latrines, which has potential for polluting underground water
resources. The proposed servicing of EU 8 and 9 will make provision for sewer lines, which
will eliminate the use of pit latrines. The ongoing study on establishment of a borrow pit for
pit sand excavation will also address the problem of indiscriminate digging of pit sand in
town.
17.3 FINANCIAL AND PERSONNEL CONSTRAINTS

The world economic slow down has had a negative impact on Botswana‟ economy. As we
enter a period of budgetary constraints, there is a need to reprioritise our expenditure
programme (recurrent and development) and even prioritise among projects within priority
sectors. This means scaling down our project proposals to be in line with what the ceiling can
accommodate for UDP 2 plan period.
The implications for the implementation of the plan would be that:
i. Development expenditure at district level will decline from relatively

high levels of funding which characterized the first years of UDP1
/NDP8.
ii. Ministerial Planners, responding to signals from MFDP may increase
restrictions on projects already underway or request districts to scale
them down.
Projects implemented by local authorities have changed significantly in terms of scope and
nature. This increase in projects far exceeds the increase in the local authorities‟
148
establishment, especially in the professional and technical fields. This problem is
compounded by the high rate of resignations of professionals and technicians and this has a
negative impact on plan implementation.
It does not appear like the situation will improve during UDP2 unless government introduces
measures aimed at attracting and retaining officers in the local authorities.
17.4 PROPOSED PLAN MONITORING ACTIVITIES DURING UDP2

The Urban Development Plan already has an implementation schedule in that all planned
projects have been phased according to financial years. Annual Plans will also be prepared
every year in March showing projects that will be implemented during the coming year. The
plans will also indicate expected commencement and completion dates. This will facilitate
follow up and user departments will liase with the implementing agency or department to
address any implementation bottlenecks that may arise. Monitoring will further be improved
through regular progress reporting to the Urban Development Committee, the Plan
Management Committee and Jwaneng Town Council meetings.
149
APPENDIX A: URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING MATRIX
The Urban – Ministry Matrix is comprised of spreadsheets designed to show the details of
UDP II/NDP IX financial allocations of each project, from each ministry to each town. It is a
detailed breakdown of the NDP IX financial allocations by town, disaggregated both by
components of specific projects, and where possible into the six annual phases of the plan
period. The matrix data contained in the spreadsheets is at two levels:
Ministry allocations per town for all relevant projects

Urban allocations within particular projects by component and annual phasing,
where applicable, over the six-year plan period.
The purposes of these matrices is to enable the town and ministry planners and project
managers to negotiate at a more detailed and specific level about the allocation of funds for
the different projects in each Urban Development Plan. The matrices also provide an effective
reference document for all projects and components during the implementation and
monitoring stages of the plan period. All users of the plan can therefore quickly and easily see
the agreed amount of project funding for al the agreed amount of project funding for all
projects at the start of the plan period.
It has not been possible to get a full set of data on the dis-aggregation of some central
government projects by component and phased over the six-year plan period. This data was
only available for projects implemented by the town itself under the Ministry of Local
Government and sporadically for a few ministries.
The matrices in this plan are directly linked to the national matrices; therefore every effort has
been made to ensure that the data in the urban matrices is accurate based on the inputs from
the ministries and towns.
150
MINISTRY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
TOTAL ESTIMATED COST - P139157000
BUDGET ALLOCATIONS IN P'000
PROJECT TITLE 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 UDP II NDP 9
TEC TEC
LG 104 Fleet Development 800 940 500 240 2480 307000
LG 901 Customary Courts 3611 3611 7222 201800

LG 1102 Primary Education 5650 8600 2050 2750 1430 5830 26310 1444800
Facilities
LG 1103 Recreation Facilities 2750 150 3000 220 6120 41300
LG 1104 Primary Health Facilities 5930 2000 2000 9930 274800

LG 1105 Rural Administration 1700 1700 416100
Centres
LG 1107 Labour Intensive Public 81 81 81 81 81 81 486 69800
Works
LG 1109 Community Projects 50 40 50 40 50 66 296 61900
LG 1112 Municipal Services 200 1568 168 1314 3250 247000
LG 1113 Urban Land Servicing 18000 12000 6912 18340 55252 621000
TOTAL 37072 27900 10351 9385 1801 26537 113046 3685500
MINSTRY OF AGRICULTURE
Total estimated cost for Jwaneng Projects - P3247668.00
151
BUDGET ALLOCATION
TEC TEC'000
AG 315 - Development of extension 3247668 3247668 96921
services (office block)
TOTAL 3247668 96921
152
MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND HOME AFFAIRS
Total extimated cost for Jwaneng - P26860900.00

BUDGET ALLOCATION
TEC TEC' 000
HA 104 - MLHA FACILITIES 11360900 279830
(Office
block)
HA 502 - NATIONAL LIBRARY 15500000 248826
SERVICES
TOTAL 26860900 528656
MINISTRY OF TRADE, INDUSTRY AND WILDLIFE
Total estimated cost for Jwaneng - P694 580

BUDGET ALLOCATION
TEC TEC'000
TI 104 MTI INFRASTRUCTURAL 694580 694580 180085
SERVICES (Offices and staff
houses)
TOTAL 694580 180085
MINISTRY OF WORKS, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS
Total estimated cost for Jwaneng - P154 000
153
BUDGET ALLOCATION
TEC TEC'000
WT 104 MWT FACILITIES 154000 162678
(Upgrading DABS Depot)
TOTAL 154000 162678
MINISTRY OF FINANCE AND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING IN P'000
Total estimated cost for Jwaneng - P14000

BUDGET ALLOCATION IN P '000
TEC TEC'000
FD 104 MFDP FACILITIES 7200 7200 235900
(Revenue Offices)
FD 607 - CUSTOMS AND 6800 6800 231100
IMIGRATION FACILITIES (staff
houses)
TOTAL 14000 467000
154
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
Total estimated cost for Jwaneng - P21832525

BUDGET ALLOCATIONS
TEC TEC'000
ED 110 - COLLEGES OF 14500000 730000
EDUCATION (Upgrading of
Jwaneng Technical College)
ED 401 - OUT OF SCHOOL 3000000 3000000 81000
EDUCATION
ED 800 SECONDARY SCHOOLS 4332525 1100000
TOTAL 21832525 1911000
MINISTRY OF LANDS AND HOUSING P61520000
BUDGET ALLOCATIONS
TEC TEC'000
LH 201 - SHHA DEVELOPMENT 1920000 1920000 1920000 1920000 1920000 1920000 11520000 338000
LH 1003 - GOVT OFFICE BLOCKS 50000000 50000000 1208545
TOTAL 61520000 1546545

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, WILDLIFE & TOURISM
BUDGET ALLOCATIONS
155
TEC TEC
P'000
EWT 401 560000 560000 169800
DEVELOPMENT OF
METEOROLOGICAL
(Improvement of existing offices)
EWT 502 6200 10850 3500 500 1000 600 22650 347799
URBAN SEWERAGE
TOTAL 582650 517599
156
157

Jwaneng Udp

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Jwaneng Udp

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA

JWANENG URBAN DEVELOPMENT

JWANENG CITY COUNCIL

Councillor Christopher Ramolemana

1.2 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT

1.2.2 Coordination of plans

1.2.3 Communications and Linkages

The only topographic feature, of significance, is a small hill of approximately 6 meters in

1.3.5 Natural Resources

1.4 TOWN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

1.4.2 Population characteristics

1.4.4 Settlement Pattern

Employment opportunities offered by the mining industry and related

1.4.6 Population Projections and Prospects

However, as it is depicted in the Jwaneng UDPII, the development of Environmental Unit 8

1.4.7 Poverty and Poverty alleviation

1.4.8 Employment and Unemployment

Table 1.1 Employment Statistics

Source: Central Statistics Office 2001

1.5 TOWN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

1.5.2 Major Infrastructure Development

1.5.2.3 Storm Water Drainage

1.6 STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PRINCIPLES

2.2 THE UDP1 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES WERE AS FOLLOWS:

a. Provision of adequate serviced land

2.3 ACHIEVEMENTS/OPPORTUNITIES OF THE URBAN

Source: Education Department (JTC, 2001)

Table 2.2 Primary Education Projects Currently Under Construction

Source: Education Department (JTC, 2001)

a. The establishment of a twinning program with the City of Kimberly in South

Source: IFS Office -Jwaneng, 2001

Table 2.4 Training Activities

Source: Social & Community Development (JTC) -2002

2.3.3.1 Land Pressure

2.3.3.2 Extraction/Excavation of Mineral Resources

2.3.4 Climate Change

2.3.5 Operational and Performance Indicators

The construction of the landfill that has significantly improved waste

2.3.6 Monitoring and Evaluation Strategy

2.4.1.1 Delay in allocation of serviced land

2.4.1.2 Collapse of FAP projects

2.4.1.3 Backlog of planned primary education projects

2.4.1.4 Absence of adult basic education and training policy

2.5 LONG TERM POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS

2.5.2 Development Constraints

2.6 LINKS TO NDP 9 THEME

3.1.1 Alignment to Vision 2016

3.1.1.1 An Educated & Informed Nation

3.1.1.2 A Prosperous, Productive and Innovative Nation

3.1.1.4 A safe and secure nation

3.1.1.5 An Open, Democratic and Accountable Nation

3.1.2.2 Natural Resource Utilisation

3.1.2.3 Water scarcity

3.1.2.4 Pollution and waste management

3.1.3 District Key Issues

3.1.3.2 Waste disposal and littering

3.1.3.5 Squatting and Overcrowding

3.1.3.6 Mushrooming of borrow pits

3.1.3.7 Veld fires

3.1.3.8 Increased demand for serviced land

3.1.3.9 Shortage of teachers‟ quarters

3.1.5 Long Term District Plans