330 iCon
noto "Fathers, be good to your daughters;' sang Mayer. "Daughters will
love like you do:'
Steve Jobs had returned, to all appearances as fit as before and even
better.
A couple of days later, Apple announced its best quarter ever. Rev-
enue was $3.49 billion, up 74 percent from the same quarter ayear ear-
lier. Profits were 70 cents a share, compared with 17 cents ayear
earlier-and 21 cents aboye analysts' consensus. While iPod sales had
skyrocketed-five times as many as ayear earlier-Macintosh sales had
also risen by 26 percent year over year, to more than a million Macs.
Steve Jobs, at age fifty, had made himself into an kon of three
different industries.
Yet at times it seems as if he is onIy just getting started. He hasn't
changed fundamentally. He's still the same aggressive, opinionated,
driven creator who inspires people around him to reach unimaginable
heights and destroys the fragile egos of those whose skin is too thin
to handle his abrupt barbs and relentless questioning. Yet now he's a
middle-aged man, with three kids at home and a world of experience
behind him. He is warmer, richer, more forgiving, and more under-
standing, but on reaching fifiy, he's still the sarne rnan he always was.
"[Turning fifty] makes us look further ahead, but it doesn't make us
more patient;' he said. "You know better what questions to ask. There
aren't enough good people to do everything you want to do. So nowwe
chew on things for a while before we decide to have the A-team go afier
something. That's not the same as being more patient:'
Patience is a quality that no one will see in Steve. A legion of admir-
ers, a world of investors, a universe of music lovers, an audience of
moviegoers, and a generation of digital kids are irnpatient to see what
worlds he will conquer next.
So is he.
E ue
Every on~ of us 1S a walking set of contradictions. The great arnong us
are no dIfferent, except that their contradictions tend to run to
extremes. Steve Jobs today in sorne ways suffers from the same need to
be in ~ontrol as.when he forced his parents to move so that he could go
to a dIfferent hlgh school, the sarne intolerance that led hirn to freeze
~ome of his closest friends and associates out of the Apple IPO over
Issues of ~oya:ty, the same childish harshness that led him to blow up at
one of PlXar s founders over something so petty as commandeering
Steve's whiteboard.
AH this from one of the towering visionaries of our time, aman who
has reshaped three different industries and who, at age fifty, sornetimes
looks as if he is only just getting started.
Over the years, even the most flagrant flaws may be softened. In an
i~terview when he was forty, Steve Jobs showed that family and expe-
nence had srnoothed sorne of rus rough edges. Speaking about corn-
puters and technology, he said, "This stuff doesn't change the world. It
really doesn'e' The interviewer replied, "That's going to break people's
hearts:' Steve said, "I~m sorry, i1's true. Having children really changes
your Vlew on these thmgs. We're born, we live for a brief instant and we
die. It's been happening for a long time. Technology is not ch;nging it
much, if at alL"
"Parenthood:' he told the authors of a children's book about him
~n~ Woz, "changes one's world. lt's almost like a switch gets flipped
mSlde you, and you can feel a whole new range of feelings that you
never thought you'd have."
. Asked on another occasion what he wants to pass on to his children,
hlS answer was equally thoughtful: "Just to try to be as good a father to
thern as my father was to me." He followed with a remark that was both
touching and memorable: "1 think about that every day of my life."
For a rock star, adulation means standing-room-only concert halls
331
 Epilogue 333
332 ¡Con

in to save Apple, Steve has come to understand that the combination of

all over the world and screaming fans. For Steve Jobs, the onlytechnol-
software and content are what make Apple spedal. "The great thing is
ogy rock star of the digital age, it means a soaring stock price and the
that Apple's DNA hasn't changed:' he said in a recent interview. "The
adulation that comes from captivating the investing publico
place where Apple has been standing for the past two decades is exactly
A few days after Steve's fiftieth birthday, on Monday, February 28,
where computer technology and the consumer electronics markets are
2005, Apple's stock split for the third time in the company's history.
converging. So it's not like we're having to cross the river to go some-
Each of the previous times, it signaled the end of an overheated period
where else; the other side of the river is coming to us."
of growth and perception. Will the same thing happen this time?
A wag once said that maturity means knowing what your strengths
Twenty years earlier, when Steve was thirty, he was an immature
are, so that you don't need to fight against them anymore. This is
young man who had grown up in the cauldron of a public company
exactly what Steve has done with Pixar and Apple.
that led the world in revealing the possibilities brought by technology.
Steve is no longer an emperor who stands at the water's edge and
He had taken his fascination with electronics parts and stereo systems
demands that the river change its course to his command. He is now the
and crafted a series of devices that launched an industry.
captain of a river raft hurtling down the rapids; he's guiding the boat, but
When he was thrown out of Apple, he thought that the magic of
he has a team of compadres with oars as well. Whether they are anima-
Apple was in its hardware. As a result, he tried to build a new com-
tors at Pixar or a thousand software engineers at Apple, Steve is the
pany-NeXT-around a new piece of hardware and bought another
leader but now understands that he isn't the only important partidpant.
company, Pixar, that he thought was all about its hardware until he dis-
No one has changed more than he has. In a world of baby boomers
covered a different reality.
who grew to maturity in the sixties and the seventies, he is now an
Eventually, he realized that the true genius at Pixar wasn't in the
emblem of hope in a complex world. Maybe we aren't encased in an
software but in the creativity it enabled. The same thing happened at
immutable prison by the age of thirty. Maybe we can change for the
NeXT. By the time he sold that company to Apple, it wasn't the hard-
better.
ware that mattered, or even the software, but what the software made
In the oId days, Steve always considered that a handful of anointed
possible.
superstars were the magic that made the Macintosh hardware work or
With his new focus on software, the next battle that Steve wants to
gave some other project its glow and glamour. Always the chief super-
win has come into sharp focus. There is one company on earth that
star among them, in his view, had been Steve himseIf. He couId be vra-
controls software. It is led by the man who stole Apple's crown jewels . o
ClOUS when he was being lauded or applauded, but it was never
twenty years ago, and Steve has not forgotten. Now it is Apple, not
genuine; his arrogance bubbled palpably under the surface. Now his
Microsoft, that has the buzz and the bounce.
concern for others is genuine.
Having just extracted himself from one battle of titans, Steve Jobs
A friend who ran into Steve during the Christmas holidays of 2004,
has now set himself a new battle with, for him, the giant of titans: Bill
three months after his cancer operation, said that Steve described him-
Gates. When Steve returned to Apple in 1997, there was no doubt who
self as "feeling fine, feeling fortunate." He looked robust, the friend said,
would win. The little Cupertino company was on life support, and it
and recounted his recent pleasure when an analyst gave a positive out-
needed Microsoft to survive. Now the tables have turned, the momen-
look for Apple, so strong a recommendation that the stock price had
tum has shifted, and Apple has the upper hand.
jumped up. Steve seemed "gleeful" in describing his reaction. He was
Take all of this together, and there is one company that Apple is tar-
smiling and relaxed, and, when complimented on how well he looked,
geting. It isn't Sony or any of the consumer electronics companies.
he seemed to genuineIy appreciate the comment.
They are providing boxes, devices, the kinds of products that the young
By the following January, Steve was back on track, and so was
Steve Jobs thought were important. Now, nearly ten years after he rode
 334 ¡Con
Apple. With a receding hairline and graying hair, and no longer trim,
Steve was showing his age-just shy of fifty. But he seemed as vigorous
as ever when he walked onto the stage for his traditional MacWorld
keynote address. When he carne to the end of the two-hour presenta-
tion, he showed his wisdom.
"1 would like you to join me in thanking all the people at Apple
who've worked so hard to create all these new products:' Then he
added, "1 want to thank the families and the spouses of all the people at
Apple because 1 know you'd like to have us around a Httle more."
It was the new Steve: aman who no longer believed that the world
started and stopped with what he was interested in. This was aman who
still had the qualities of his youth-good and bad-but they had been
leavened with time and wisdom and experience. He had rescued his first
love-Apple-and made her beautiful again. He had captivated whole
families, parents as well as children, with a string of animated stories
that celebrate life with a humor that lifted the stories out of the maudlin
and made them timeless. He had revitalized the music industry,
breathed new life into it, and sent it off to a new digital future.
Up on the heights of Olympus, the view is different. Steve Jobs has
proved that he can captivate us all anew, he has shown his children that
he is a master of the universe, and he has made money for everyone
who has invested in him again. He has taken charge of three industries
in an unprecedented hat trick.
Yet there's one more battle he wants to win. lt has nothing to do
with money, fame, or glory. Like aH the best fights, this one is personal.
Steve Jobs is going to best Bill Gates. This fight is Shakespearean, ele-
mental, and emotional; watching it unfold should be the most fascinat-
ing business story of this young millennium.
We expect our heroes to be flawed. Heroes without flaws would not
be successful. Yet in the end, it's not the flaws we need to remember but
the achievements.
Acknowledgments
To paraphrase Steve Jobs, "Publishing a book is a team sport:' Not only is
there an army of unnamed friends, family, and coHeagues who have to
~ndure missed birthdays, intense one-sided conversations, and outlandish
Ideas during the mont?s of reporting and writing, but there are also many
people who labor behmd the scenes to bring a book to the public.
Gratitude goes as always to our literary agent, Bill Gladstone, who
co~tinues t~ work wonders, and to David Fugate, Ming Russell, and
Neil GudovItz, all of whose efforts have be en nothing short of stellar.
~iley editor Hana Lane proved to be a writer's dream: patient, calm,
WIse, and unflappable; we are in your debt. Helene Godin is an attorney
who successfully combines efficiency with kindness and humor. The
rest of the team at Wiley-Lisa Burstiner, Naomi Rothwell, Sabrina
Eliasoph, and freelance copy editor Patti Waldygo-and their efficient
collea~ues, all de serve much more praise than would be seemly for us
to dehver here. Suffice it to say that we are deeply in your debt.
We have passed ideas, passages, and chapters among friends and col-
leagues, looking for improvements and inspired reasoning. We've been
fo:tunate to recei~e this, and more, from many people. They've caught
mlstakes and clanfied our thinking. The errors that remain are ourS.
From Jeffrey Young
A writer's family suffers both the trials and tribulations that this life
produces. My wife, Janey, has been my mainstay since before 1 met
Steve Jobs, and remains my guiding star to this day. With her I've dis-
covered what forever means, and together we've raised three children
who inspire me every day. Without all of them 1 would be a shadow of
the writer I've become.
1 would be remiss to forget the two men who set me on this story so
many years ago: the late Andrew Fluegelman, and David Bunnell, the
creators of MacWorld magazine. Also instrumental was the editor of
my first book about Steve Jobs, Dan Farber, whose deft touch, gentle
335
 336 Acknowledgments
humor, and insistent voice made my original effort much better than 1
could have dreamed. Over the years there've been many who helped
refine, define, and expand my thinking about Steve Jobs, but only one
who has been a constant sounding board, a relentless iconoclast, and by
his example a model for what a great reporter must be: ruthlessly curi-
ous, obsessive about the truth, and eternally uncommon in his insights.
To Jim Forbes, the sine qua non of Silicon Valley reporters, 1 owe more
than 1 can express.
Final1y, I've been stimulated and embraced byan organization that
has provided me with an opportunity for intellectual challenge and
personal growth. To eraig Gordon, Jon Gates, and the team at Off the
Record Research, thank you for your kindness, humanity, and trust. 1
couldn't have done this without you.
Prom Bill Simon
To my darling wife, my inspiratíon and my light, who suffered less
attention and more grouchiness than during the writing of any of my
dozen previous books. I'm determined to repay you now that this
deadline is over and 1 don't mind promising in print that you will be
showered with lavish attention and the praise you deserve for your
patience and your forbearance. As our friends and your many admir-
ers know, life is better with Arynne in it.
For a writer working on a far-ranging biography it's a relief to be
able to call on high-quality help with research, organizing, and arrang-
ing of material. Jeffrey and 1 were well served by Sheldon Bermont,
Karrie Higgins, Erik Martín, Jerry Starr, and Todd Barmann. Surely
each of these folks knows how appreciative 1 am, as do Angel Sepriano
and his daughter Jo Jo, at Umberto's in Beverly Hills, always graciously
providing a place for me and my go-everywhere computer. 1 also want
to recognize the kindness and efficiency of my Los Angeles admínistra-
tive assistant, Brenda Hawkins, and to Marianne Stuber for her super-
efficient transcribing of interview material.
During these months 1 have enjoyed dinner with friends and fam-
ily who were patient beyond any definition of friendship, suffering my
conversation that was heavy with taIk of Steve, Apple, Pixar, Eisner, Dis-
ney, and the other players in this saga. 1 ask their forgiveness and vow,
now that 1 am on this last page, that we shall again talk of other things.
I Notes
Writing a book together is a spedal challenge. We were lucky to find each other
and discover a mutual fascination with Steve Jobs that spanned more than
twenty years. From the time Steve first challenged one of us in the middle of the
Macintosh building on Apple's Cupertino, California, campus in the summer of
1983, to the January 2005 MacWorld Expo keynote, we've observed and inter-
acted with him in many situations.
The coauthors of this book have a unique combination of experience that
informs this material. Jeffrey S. Young was one of the cofounders of MacWorld
magazine in 1983, and as such he had a unique ringside seat to the development
of the Macintosh computer, both inside Apple before its release, and in subse-
quent years. He is the author of the book Steve Jobs: The Journey Is the Reward
(Scott Foresman, 1987), which provides a detailed look at the life of Apple's
cofounder through his founding ofNeXT Computer in 1985. Throughout the
1990s he was a contributing editor to Forbes magazine in Silicon Valley, and
covered NeXT, Apple, and many other high-tech companies; as the Northern
California editor for The Hollywood Reporter in the same period, he reported
and wrote extensively about George Lucas and Lucasfilm, Industrial Light and
Magic, and Pixar.
Bill Simon wrote scripts for videos, CEO and executive speeches, and live
meetings for Apple in the 1980s. He is the author of many books on business
and other subjects, and in the mid-1990s coauthored the book On the Firíng
Line (Harper Business, 1998) with Gil Amelio, the CEO Steve Jobs ousted on his
return to Apple. As such he brought a deep level of understanding al1d detail to
the crucial period when Steve returned to Apple and the ensuing years.
Steve was offered a chance to contribute to the book. He refused. Because
Steve Jobs is violently opposed to friends, associates, or employees speaking for
publicatíon, numerous interviews were conducted with the promise of
anonymity, and much of the interview material ended up as background. The
cutting-room floor is always littered with nuggets--thanks to aH of you who
spent time with us over the years, especially those whose insights didn't make it
directly into this book.
The list of those who've been interviewed by the authors is long, and some
have requested anonymity. Our deepest appreciation to all who spoke on con-
dition of anonymity: we salute each of you, and wish we could honor you here
individual1y with the thanks you deserve.
Individuals interviewed are mentioned at the appropriate places in each
chapter. Those interviewed also include: Garry Allen, Gil Amelío, Stewart
337
 338 Notes
Brand, Phi! Roybal, Larry Tessler, Andy Hertzfeld, Mike Boich, John McCollum,
Jay Elliott, Stevan Birnbaum, Burt Cummings, Rich Melman, Chris Espinosa,
Jerome Coonen, Phil Schlein, Bana Whitt, Cad Ho, Mike Murray, Lee Felsen-
steín, Douglas Englebart, Mike Kane, Jím Hennefer, Alex Fielding, Jean-Louis
Gassée, Bruce Tognazzíni, John Warnock, Alfred Mandel, Brian Fitzgerald, Díck
Olson, Al Alcorn, Paul Terrell, Larry Gritz, M. K. Haley, JefRaskin, Joanna Hoff-
mann, Donn Denman, Steve Capps, Margie Boots, Ellen Hancock, Paul Heck-
bert, Joe Hutsko, Bill At..lcinson, Regís McKenna, Nolan Bushnell, Bob Henkel,
Adam Osborne, Daniel Kottke, Hildy Licht, Jeff Harbers, Ray Wilson of the
Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, Susan Berman, Bruce Horn, Larry Kenyon,
Patti King, Wendell Sander, CHff Huston, Peter Quinn, Dave Larson, Barbara
Koalkin, Bill Fernandez, Elizabeth Holmes, Ed Riddle, Martin Haeberli, Randy
Wigginton, Guy Kawasaki, Fred Hoar, Don Breuner, Ed Ruder, Alex Lamradt,
Owen Densmore, Carol Kaehler, Bruce Courture, Linda Lawrence, Alex Schure,
Dylan Kohler, Terry Kunysz, Terry Anzur, Joe SheIton, Heidi Roizen, Steward
Alsop, Steven Miller, Clifford Miller, Wayne Meretsky, Hilary Rosen, Jeff East-
wood, Bud Colligan, Bob Albrecht, Dan'l Lewin, Todd Rulon-Miller, and Alvy
Ray Smith. Pamela Kerwin and a tennis-playing confidential informant deserve
special thanks for putting up with so many repeated phone calls. Ditto for Bill
Adams, along with deepest respect: his loyalty to Steve is impressive.
While the shelf groans under the weight of many Apple books, there are sev-
eral that deserve special mention. We especially want to thank author Alan
Deutschman, author of The Second Coming of Steve Jobs (Broadway Books,
2000) for providing alead that turned out to be very valuable, and for the con-
tribution of his Steve Jobs biography to the world. The book details the found-
ing of Pixar in exquisite detail and many of the triaIs and tribulations of the
NeXT years; as in science, each person builds on the work of those who came
befo re. Another book that is must reading for anyone wanting to find out about
the earIy days of Apple is Michael Moritz's The Little Kingdom (William
Morrow, 1984). Steven Levy's Insanely Great (Viking, 1994) tells a cheerful ver-
sion of the making of the Mac, while Guy Kawasaki's The Macintosh Way
(HarperCollins, 1990) offers a light-hearted view of the inside of the Mac mar-
keting effort by one of the team's early product "evangelists"; they are both
counterpointed by Jim Carlton's Apple: The Inside Story of Intrigue, Egomania
and Blunders (Harper Business, 1998) which paints a much darker picture. To
understand the world of the Disney Company and Míchael Eisner two books
are essential: DisneyWar (Simon & Schuster, 2005) by James Stewart; and Work
in Progress (Random House, 1998) by Míchael Eisner and Tony Schwartz.
Several other books deserve to be sought out and read by anyone who wants
a deeper understanding of the forces that formed Steve Jobs and created Apple
and Pixar, as well as the computer industry. These include: Fire in the Valley: The
Making of the Personal Computer (McGraw-Hill, 1999, reissue) by Michael
Swaine and Paul Freiberger; Hard Drive: Bill Gates and the Making of the
Microsoft Empire (John Wiley & Sons, 1992) and Overdrive: Bill Gates and the
Race to Control Cyberspace (John Wiley & Sons, 1997), both by James Wallace;
Gates: How Microsoft's Mogul Reinvented an Industry (Touchstone, 1994) by
Notes 339
Stephen Manes and Paul Andrews; Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution
(Doubleday, 1984) by Steven Levy; and finally, The SouZ of a New Machine
(Atlantic-Little Brown, 1981) by Tracy Kidder. AH of these are well worth
reading and contributed to our work
Some of the material obtained from published sources is as follows; our
thanks to all the reporters, journalists, and authors who provided this silent
help. However, the vast quantity of media coverage of Steve and Apple over the
years makes it impossible to credit everything, as does the dimming of memory
over time and confusion in the face of multiple sources. For anyone we've
missed, or missed crediting appropriately, we ask for your forgiveness.
1 Roots
Interview sources for this chapter are Steve Jobs, Clara Jobs (Steve's adoptive
mother), Steve Wozniak, Dan Kottke, Randy Wigginton, Bill Fernandez, Al
Alcorn, Alex Fielding, Bruce Courture, John McCollum, and Jack Dudman. The
quotes about Steve Jobs crying over swim-team losses and being a terror are
trom David Sheff, "Playboy Interview: Steve Jobs," Playboy, February 1985. Paul
Jobs's memory of his son forcing the family to move was obtained by Michael
Moritz and recounted in his The Little Kingdom (William Morrow, 1984). Fred
Hoar, a former Apple advertising manager, is the source of the remark about
sipping water from a fire hose.
2 A Company Is Born
People whose interviews contributed material to this chapter are Steve Jobs,
Steve Wozniak, Dan Kottke, Randy Wigginton, Chris Espinosa, Trip Hawkins,
and former executive ofXerox Development Corp. Stevan Birnbaum. Also, Bob
Newton, Dick Olson, Rod Holt, Lee Felsenstein, and Richard Melman. Steve's
description of selling the Apple 1 circuit boards to Paul Terrell appears in the
Sheff Playboy interview cited previously. The explanation given by Steve when
he took financial responsibility for Chris-Ann's child is quoted trom Moritz's
The Little Kingdom, previously cited.
3 let's Be Pirates!
lnterview sources for this chapter are Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, the late Jef
Raskin, Chris Espinoza, Andy Hertzfeld, Dan Kottke, Bruce Tognazzini, Trip
Hawkins, Larry Tessler, Bill Atkinson, Stevan Birnbaum, Bill Fernandez, Joanna
Hoffmann, Bud Tribble, Donn Denman, Phil Roybal, Mike Murray, Martin
Haeberli, Toe Shelton, and lay Elliott. Líttle Kíngdom is also the so urce of Steve's
complaint about Steve Wozniak giving stock to "all the wrong people." The
scene of the appearance of the ten-year-old daughter is from A Regular Guy, by
Mona Simpson (published by Alfred Knopf, 1996).
4 learning to Fail
This chapter uses interview material from Mike Murray, Jay Elliott, Steve Woz-
niak, Herbert Pfeíffer, Paul Berg, Bud Tribble, Susan Barnes, and many others.
Steve Jobs's remarks to the Swedish journalist are from John Dvorak's article,
 340 Notes
"Jobs Breaks Silence on Apple Ouster;' in the San Francisco Examiner, June 27,
1985. His statements about the following are all from an interview in Newsweek,
September 30,1985: his reaction on being fired by John Sculley; giving comput-
ers to California schools; and his statements about the issues raised by Apple
about "When somebody calls you a thief in public." Information about the
events that led to the starting ofNeXT indudes material from "Jobs Talks About
His Rise and Fall;' by G. C. Lubenow and M. Rogers, Newsweek, September 30,
1985, and from "Behind the Fall of Steve Jobs," by Bro Uual, Fortune, October
14,1985. The Bill Campbell quote was reported in the Wall Street fournal, Sep-
tember 17, 1985. The Mike Markkula statement concerning possible action
against NeXT by Apple is from an Apple press release of September 16, 1985.
5 lile NeXT Step
A former Disney executive, speaking confidentially, contributed material for this
chapter. Information about Christina Redse, in this chapter and later, is from
Alan Deutschman's The Second Coming ofSteve fobs (Broadway Books, 2000).
The story about Jeffrey Katzenberg's blow-up at Jobs is also from Second Com-
ing. This story has been confirmed by the eyewitness who was Deutschman's
source. Katzenberg's public relations representative, Terry Press, though she was
not present, 10yal1y protects her boss by insisting it couldn't have happened. She
maintains, "1 have worked with Mr. Katzenberg for seventeen years and 1 have
never heard him speak like this to anyone. It is not possible that Jeffrey said any-
thing like this .... I am saying for the record that there is no way he said this."
6 Sllow Business
People whose interviews contributed material to this chapter are Alex Schure,
the man who created the Computer Graphics Lab that was the ultimate genesis
of Pixar; Paul Heckbert, a former employee at CGL; a Lucasfilm confidential
source; a NeXT confidential source; and former Pixar sales and marketing vice
,president Bill Adams.
Except for the quotes otherwise attributed, Alan Deutschman assembled the
information about Alvy Ray Smith's quest that led him to Long Island, and the
insights into the origins and operations of the Computer Graphics Lab; details
were originally presented in Deutschman's Second Coming, cited previously.
The Jobs remarks about the poor quality of individual frames in the early Star
Wars films are from an oral history interview by Daniel Morrow, executive
director, the Computerworld Smithsonian Awards Program, April20, 1995. The
article by Richard Corliss and Jess Cagle, "Star Wars: AUack of the Clones;' in
Time, April20, 2002, contained Lucas's list of projects he was working on simul-
taneously. Carrie Fisher's remark was ad-libbed during a live taping of the cable
television series "Dinner for Five;' February 2005. John Lasseter's background is
as reported by Burr Snider in "The Toy Story Story;' Wired, December 1995; by
New York Times online at movies2.nytimes.com; and on the Pixar Web site. The
Catmull quote on hiring was reported in "Pixar: To Infinity and Beyond;'
Management Today, May 1,2004. Details on hiring Lasseter were contained in
Brent Schlender's artide, "Steve Jobs' Amazing Movie Adventure," Fortune
Notes 341
(Information Technology Special Report), August 18, 1995. The phrase about
"the lord in his manor" is from phrasemaker Alan Deutschman, in Second
Coming, as are details of the stock split on starting Pixar.
Lucas'~ rem~rk ~bout "vv.e're all Buddhists up here" was made to Jess Cagle
and pubhshed m TIme, Apn120, 2002. The description of devising Pixar's name
comes from the Alvy Ray Smith Web site. Information about the Pixar mission
company organization and work methods, and the Pixar computer is derived
from ~ com~ination of sources, induding new interviews, Second Ca m ing,
the SmIthsoman oral history interview, and the Philip Elmer-DeWiu artide, "The
Love of Two Desk Lamps," Time, September 1, 1986. The Time artide is also
the source of the reaction to the Luxo fr. short at the Siggraph convention. The
~a,;~ull ~emark about the response to this film was reported by Laura A. Ackley
m Plxar s deep talent poollured by Catmull's vision," Variety, July 20, 1998.
7 Master of Ceremonies
Materi.al in this chapter is based in part on interviews with the former Disney
executlVe who also provided information for chapter 5; Dylan Kohler, former
Disney soft~are ~ngineer who was a principal contributor to development of
the CAPS ammatlOn software; and former Pixar executive Pamela Kerwin.
~teve's ~rst enc?unter with his future wife, Laurene, her trip to Italy, and
theu weddl?g are m part from Second Coming. Details of her background are
from Web sltes. Steve told the story about deciding to ask Laurene to have din-
ner with him on the day of their first meeting to journalist Steve Lohr,
re.counted in."Creating Jobs: Apple's Founder Goes Home Again" (New York
Times Magazme, January 18, 1997), and Julie PiUa provided other details about
Steve and Laurene's life together and their wedding in the "Informer" section of
Forbes, Oct~ber 29,1990 and April15, 1991. Steve's blowup at Alvy Ray Smith,
recounted m Second Coming, is amplified with input from Alvy. Details of the
origin of the movie Tron can be found on the Web site www.cyberroach.
com/tron/tron.htm.
. Much of the material on negotiations between Pixar and Disney were pro-
vlded by three confi.dential sources, two from Pixar and one from Disney, as
well as by Pam Kerwm. Sorne of the details concerning attorney Brittenham are
fro~ the Los Angeles Business ~ournal, February 19, 2001. Material on the pro-
duchon methods and Lasseter s role are based in part on Barbara Robertson's
artide "Toy Story: A Triumph of Animation," Computer Graphics World, August
1995, supplemen~ed by details from other sources including Second Coming and
Brent Schlender m Fortune, August 18, 1995, cited earlier. Details of the Canon
investment in NeXT come from Bob Johnstone, "Canon, Lone Wolf," Wired,
October 1994. Source of the Billy Crystal quote is the Internet Movie Database
(imdb.com), August 30, 2001. The Schneider remark about partners comes
from a Business Week story, "Steve Jobs, Movie Mogul," November 23,1998.
Material on the story problem on Toy Story and how it was solved comes
principally from Burr Snider, "The Toy Story Story;' Wired, December 1995;
from Second Coming; and from a University of Michigan Business School case
study, credited as follows: "Catherine Crane, Will Johnson, Kitty Neumark,
 342 Notes
Christopher Perrigo prepared this case under the supervision of Professor
Allan Afuah." Details ofEisner's heart attack and his negotiations with Ovitz, as
well as the break with Katzenberg, for the most part come from the Eisner biog-
raphy Work in Progress (Michael Eisner and Tony Schwartz, Random House,
1998). Steve's complaint to Brent Schlender appeared in his Fortune artide of
1995, cited previously.
8 leon
Interview sources for this chapter are Gil Amelío, former CEO of Apple Com-
puter; former Apple chief technology officer Ellen Hancock; Jean-Louis Gassée,
former CEO of Be, Inc.; and a senior member of the technical team evaluating
Apple's software choices, speaking confidentially. A number of the stories con-
cerning Gil Amelio are from Orz the Firing Line. The Schneider and Eisner
quotes are from the Schlender 1995 artiele, and from Barbara Robertson, "Toy
Story: A Triumph of Animation;' Computer Graphics World, August 1995. Mate-
rial about the Eisner-Ovitz negotiations and break-up comes from the Eisner
biography and from James B. Stewart's artide, "Partners;' in The New Yorker,
January 10, 2005; from "Disney's Basket Cases;' Variety, March 7, 2004; and
from information revealed in the stockholders' suit. Steve's comments about
Mona Simpson's novel appear in "Creating Jobs: Apple's Founder Goes Home
Again;' by Steve Lohr, New York Times Magazine, January 12, 1997. Informatíon
about the prelaunch activities surrounding the upcoming release of Toy Story
are largely from Second Coming.
9 Mogul
Gil Amelío and Ellen Hancock contributed information used in this chapter.
Steve's statement about his reasons for returning to Apple and the Internet as an
opportuníty for the company comes from the Fortune interview with him, Jan-
uary 24, 2000. Information on the iMac comes from the Apple Web site and a
variety of published sources.
10 Breaking New Ground
Pam Kerwin provided details of the IPO day and of the negotiations and deals
between PÍxar and Dísney, both before Toy Story and the subsequent negotia-
tions. A former Pixar executive, speaking confidentially, provided other mate-
rial used in the chapter. Alan Deutschman is the source of additional material
on the effect of the IPO on individuals associated with Pixar. The Motley
Fool quote appears on the Internet at W\'\TW.fool.com/foolu/askfoolu/1998/
askfoolu981230.htm. Remaking Toy Story 2 is based on the account provided by
Brent Schlender in "Incredible: The Man Who Built Pixar's Innovation
Machine;' Fortune, November 2004, and the production and success of that
film are detailed in Justin Martin's "Inside the Pixar Dream Factory;' Forbes
Small Business, February 1, 2003. The Business Week artide alluded to is "Steve
Jobs, Movie Mogul;'by Peter Burrows and Ronald Grover, in the November 23,
1998 issue. The Time artic1e that focused on Steve's micromanaging is "Steve's
Two Jobs;' by Michael Krantz, in the October 18, 1999 issue.
Notes 343
Katzenberg beating Pixar to the screen is based on a confidential interview
and on Peter Burroughs's "ANTZ VS. BUGs: The inside story ofhow Dreamworks
beat Pixar to the screen;' in Business Week, November 23, 1998. Material on the
stock package and aircraft presented to Steve by the Apple board is from Jim
Davis, "Gulfstream for Steve;' CNETNews.com, January 19, 2000; and from
airliners.net.
11 iPod. ¡Tunes, Therefore I Am
This chapter uses interview material from former chief executive officer of the
Recording Industry Association of America Hilary Rosen; an executive of one
of the big-five music companies, speaking confidentially; and Terry Kunysz, for-
mer president of Casady and Greene.
The Adam Engst artide was "Tower of Song;' in the MacWorld issue of
August 1,2000. Artic1es used in deveIoping the iPod are: Spencer E. Ante, "Nap-
ster's Shawn Fanning: The Teen Who Woke Up Web Musíc," Business Week
Online, April 12, 2000; Jonathan Kantor, "iPod Nation;' Newsweek, JuIy 26,
2004; Leander Kahney, "Inside Look at Birth of the iPod;' Wired, JuIy 21, 2004;
and Sherman, "Inside the Apple Design Triumph;' Electronics Design-
Chain, Summer 2002. The Jonathan Ive quotes appeared in Kristi Essick's, "The
Man behind the iMac;' PC World, September 18, 1998, in Brent Schlender's
"Apple's 21st-Century Walkman;' Fortune, November 12, 2001; and in Rob
Walker's "The Guts of a New Machine;' New York Times Magazine, November
30, 2003. The Steve Jobs remarks about design and the story about purchasing
a washíng machine were shared with Wired's Gary Wolf, published in his arti-
ele "Steve Jobs: The Next Insanely Great Thing" in the February 1996 issue.
The phrase "shined Steve's shoes" is a bowdlerized version of the actual
remark.
12 Clash of the Titans
Sorne information in this chapter comes from an interview with the former
Disney executive who also provided information for chapter 5. Other material
in the chapter is based on information from the stockholders' suit, from the
James Stewart bookDisneyWar (Simon & Schuster, 2005), and from the follow-
ing: Devin Leonard, "Songs in the Key of Steve;' Fortune, May 12, 2003; Kit
Bowen, "Pixar's Success May Dampen Future with Disney;' Hollywood.com,
June 3, 2003; Kim Masters, "Fightin' Mike;' Esquire, September 1,2003; Ronald
Grover, "Pixar Twists the Mouse's Taíl;' Business Week Online, January 30,2004;
Steve Jobs interview, Rolling Stone, December 2003; John Markoff"Oh Yeah, He
Also Sells Computers," New York Times, April 25, 2004; Richard Verrier and
Claudia Eller, Los Angeles Times, February 8, 2004; Bruce Orwall and Pui-Wing
Tam, "Freeze Frame: Pixar Still Lacks a Partner for Post -Disney Era;' Wall Street
Journal, October 25, 2004; Claudia Eller, "Pixar's Flirtations Could Mean Trou-
ble for Disney:' Los Angeles Times, February S, 2003; Bruce Orwall and Nick
Wingfield, "The End: Pixar Breaks Up with Distribution Partner Disney;' Wall
Street Journal, January 30, 2004; ]ay Sherman, "Pixar, Disney to End Partnership
Negotiations between Jobs and Eisner," Television Week, February 2,2004; Steve
 344 Notes
Jobs interview, Wired, February 1996; Duncan Campbell, "The Guardian
Profile: Steve Jobs," Guardian Unlimited, June 18, 2004; Claude Brodesser,
"Feuds;' Variety, Tune 7 and 13, 2004; Ron Scherer, "Disney's Real Battle Is to
I Index
Keep Good Cartoons Coming," The Christian Science Monitor, March 4, 2004;
Merlin Jones, "Why Pixar's Films Are More 'Disney' Than Disney's;' SaveDis-
ney.com; and Steve Jobs intervíew, Business Week, October 12,2004.
Material for the chapter also comes from Marc Gunther, "Roy Disney's
Beef;' Fortune, January 12, 2004; Claude Brodesser, "Feuds;' Varíety, June 7,
2004; Loren Hunt, "Anatomy of a Mouse;' The Philadelphia Independent, April
Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.
2004; the Pixar Web site, Corporate Information; Austín Bunn, Interview:
"Welcome to Planet Pixar," Wired, Iune 2004; Interview, ComingSoon.net,
October 25, 2004; Bill Desowitz, Interview: "Brad Bird and Pixar Tackle CG
Humans Like True Superheroes:' Animatíon World, December 20, 2004; and ABC television network, 219, 307
Jennifer Ordonez, "Mickey's Fight Club;' Newsweek, November 29, 2004. abortion,7
The name of the oncologist is fictitious. The physician who provided the The Abyss (film), 187
information requested anonymity. Academy of Motion Picture Arts
13 Showtime and Sciences, 155, 164, 167,
192,195,252,299
The majority of the material in this chapter is from Steve Jobs's January 2005
Adams, Bill, 165, 166, 171-172
keynote address at MacWorld Expo in San Francisco. However, the brief quotes
Adaptation (film), 196
from Steve taken from outside that public appearance are drawn from the story
Adobe, 327
"How Big Can Apple Get" by Brent Schlender in Fortune, February 21, 2005.
adoption, 7-8,16,24,133
Epilogue ADP payron company, 215
Material used in the epilogue has been drawn from Steve Lohr, "Creating Jobs;' Akers, John, 139
New York Times Magazine, January 12, 1997; "Bad Apple;' by T. C. Doyle in Aladdin (film), 192
VAR Business, January 10,2005; and the book Steven Jobs and Steven Wozniak: Albrecht, Bob, 29
Creating the Apple Computer, by Keith Elliot Greenberg (Blackbirch Press, Alcorn,Al, 22-23, 28-29
1994). The rest is from Steve Jobs himself. Aldus,143
Aliens (film), 186
Allen, Paul, 37, 79-80
Allen, Tim, 198,237,315-316
Allen, Woody, 138, 258
Alpert, Richard, 22
Altair computer, 29, 37, 39-40
Alto computer, 61
Amelío, Gil, 177, 213-216,222-226,
230-234,235,236,260,262,
263,266
Ames, Roger, 291
Anderson, Fred, 215, 263,285
Andre and Wally B (film), 164
animation, 144-145. See also
computer graphics; Pixar; Walt
Disney Company
Lasseter, John, 155
light, 150-151
software, 167-168, 191-193
Tín Toy (film), 166-167
Toy Story (film), 195-199
Walt Disney Company, 186
Antz (film), 257-258
Anywhere but Rere (Simpson),
135-136
Apple Computer. See also Jobs,
Steve; Macintosh computer;
specific company products
Amelío, Gil, 213-216, 222-226,
230-233
capital for, 34-36, 41, 43-46,51,
55
Casadyand Greene (C&G),
268-270
disk drive, 51-52
dominance of, 59
educational market, 56
employees of, 54-55, 63, 65, 69,
84,103
finan ces of, 50-51, 107,212-213,
231,263,288,295,330
founding of, 33-34, 45-46
Gore, Al, 301
high-definition video, 327
iMac, 263-265
Internet, 261, 265, 323-325
inventory reduction, 263
IPO,65-66
345
 346 Index
Apple Computer (continued)
iPod,275-297
iTunes, 274,276
Jobs, Steve return to, 230-233
layoffs at, 73-74, 78
leadership quest, 213-214
Macintosh computer, 67-69
MacWorld Expo (January 2005),
325-330
marketing, 41-43, 82-83, 95-96,
264
media, 284
movie piracy, 303
music, 267-270, 274
NeXTSTEP,223-226
operating systems, 222-223, 326
organization of, 63-64, 88-89,
99-100,112-113,115,125,
262-263
Personal Computer Festival (first,
Atlantic City, New Jersey),
38-41
programming, 47-48
sales force meeting, 104-105
Sculley, John, 93-95
software, 327-328, 332-333
SoundJam MP, 268
stock prices, 55, 64, 94-95, 119,
259,332
Sun Microsystems, 212...,.213
Apple computer
stock options, 65-66
Apple Education Foundation, 120
Apple 1, 36, 38, 40
Apple II, 37, 38-39, 41, 47-48, 50,
54,56,63,82,88,109,111,
120, 173, 264
spreadsheet development, 59
Apple II Plus, 54
Apple He, 103, 105, 107,175
Apple He, 98, 103, 105
Apple I1I, 54, 63, 70, 79, 94
Apple Store, 276
Apple v. Apple, 294
AppleWriter (word processing
program),56
Atari, 22-23, 24, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32,
33,38,43
Atkinson, Bill, 60-62, 67, 74-75, 87,
92
Audible company, 295
Aykroyd, Dan, 258
Baez, Toan, 86, 87, 88
Ballmer, Steve, 296
Bambi (film), 313
Bancroft, Anne, 258
Bardeen, John, 9
Barnes, Susan Kelly, 122, 124,175
Barder, Mike, 313
BASIC language, 37,49,56,75
Bastien, Gaston, 266
Baum, Alan, 14
BBDO,262
Beatles, 285-286, 294
Beauty and the Beast (film), 192,
207
Be, Inc., 222, 223
Bell, Alexander Graham, 83
BeOS software, 223
Berg, Paul, 121
Big Mac computer, 121-122
biochemistry simulations, 121
Bird, Brad, 312-314, 317
Birnbaum, Stevan, 55
birth control, 7
blue box venture, 19-20, 33, 136
Bollenbach, Steve, 227
Bono,17~276,295
Bozo Explosion, 55
Brattain, Walter, 9
Break-Out (game), 28-29
Brennan, Chris-Ann, 20, 31, 36,
48-49,52-53,57,66,193
Brennan-Jobs, Lisa Nicole
(daughter),176
acceptance of, 86-87, 211
birth of, 52-53
career of, 253-254
Chris-Ann pregnancy with, 49-50
financial support of, 66, 67
Lisa computer, 59
paternity test, 57
Brittenham, Harry"Skip;' 194, 246
Brodesser, Claude, 310
Bromley, Bud, 211
Brown, Jerry, 86, 120
Bryson, John, 310
Buffet, Warren, 246
Bug's Life, A (film), 248, 252,
256,257,258,312
Burge, Frank, 42
Burrows, Peter, 252
Burstyn, EUen, 308
Bushnell, Nolan, 28, 32
Business Week magazine, 216,252,
253
Byte Shops, 35, 36, 40
California Institute of the Arts, 155
Cameron, James, 186-187
Campbell, Bill, 105, 113, 115, 125,
235
Campbell, Gordon, 249, 277
C&G (Casady and Greene),
267-270,274
Canon, 143, 171,200,201
Capps, Steve, 92
CAPS (Computer Animation
Production System), 191-192
Carnegie Mellon University, 143, 170
Carpenter, Loren, 154
Cars (film), 251, 300, 310
Carter, Jimmy, 186
Casady and Greene (C&G),
267-270,274
Catmull, Edwin, 146, 181, 186,243,
314
computer graphics, 154, 164
Jobs, Steve and, 162-163, 165,218
Lasseter, John and, 156
Lucas, George and, 152, 157
Index 347
Pixar, 159-160, 172, 185, 190,
192,237,245,246
Smith, Alvy Ray and, 148-150,
238
Toy Story 2 (film), 251-252, 258
Walt Disney Company, 158
CD-ROM drive, iMac, 264
Chambers, John, 231
Chandler, William B., III, 315
charities, Jobs, Steve, 56
Chiarello, Míchael, 255
Chiat, lay, 95
Chiat/Day agency, 262
Chicken Little (film), 309
Chino, Kobin, 31-32,193
Clark, Jim, 243
Clinton, Chelsea, 255
Clinton, Hillary, 255
Clinton, William Jefferson, 255, 294
Cloud 9,111
Coleman, Debi, 115,116
command-driven computer, 61
Commodore, 38, 39
Compaq computer, 265
Computer Animation Production
System (CAPS), 191-192
computer graphics. See also
animation; Pixar; Walt Disney
Company
film inclustry, 186-187
Jobs, Steve, 157-158
light,150-151
Lucas,George,153-154,157
Smith, Alvy Ray, 148-150
software, 151-152,155,166,
167-168,191-193
technology of, 161-162
Xerox PARC, 147-148
computer kits, 29-30, 40
ConflictCatcher, 268
Consumer Electronics Show (CES,
Las Vegas), 51
Cook, Dick, 237
Cook, Robín, 154
 348 Index
copyright law, 288
corporate culture, media, 235
Couch, John, 64
Courture, Bruce, 12-13
Crow, George, 122, 125
Crow, Sheryl, 293
Crown, George, 175
Crystal, Bi1ly, 198
Crystal Quest (game), 268
Cube. See NeXT computer
Davis, David, 299
Davis, Lem, 191
Death Row Records, 286-287
DECVAXcomputers,148-149
Defense Advanced Projects Agency
(DARPA),61
Dell, Michael, 231
Dell Computer, 265
Democratic Party, 254-255
Denman, Donn, 74, 75-76, 99-100
DesignChain magazine, 279
Deutschman, Alan, 149-150, 221
Diller, Barry, 205
disk drive, 51-52
Disney, Roy, 207,217,301,306-307,
309-310,311,315,319
Disney, Walt, 149,313
Disney Studios. See Walt Disney
Company
"Display Postscript" (software),
142
Docter, Peter, 260, 312, 313
DL Dre, 275,286-287
DreamWorks SKG, 208, 255-256,
257,304
drugs
Jobs, Steve and, 17, 20-21,
169
Dubinski, Donna, 265
Dudman, Jack, 22
DuPont,232
Dylan, Bob, 86,98,116,229,286,
293,295,305
Index 349
Eagles,293 Ethernet (networking scheme), G5 iMac, 266
Eastern mystidsm, Jobs, Steve, development of, 61 Gibson, Mel, 203
21-22,23-27,31-32.Seea~o Euro Disney, 299, 306 Giuliani, Rudolph, 217
Zen Buddhism Glover, Danny, 258
Edison, Thomas, 25 Fadell, Tony, 276-278, 279 Gold, Stanley, 306, 307, 310, 315
educational market Fairchild, 43 Good, Craig, 199
Apple Computer, 56 Fanning, John, 271, 272 Google,90
NeXT, 134, 142 Fanning, Shawn, 270, 271-272 Gore, Al, 255, 301
Eisenstadt, Al, 113, 124 Felsenstein, Lee, 39, 52 government sales, Pixar, 168-169
Eisner, Jane, 205 Fernandez, Bill, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17-18, Gow, Gordon, 89
Eisner, Michael, 177, 187 19,46,65,71 Graham, Katharine, 138
background of, 305 Fie1ding, Alex, 29, 184 graphical user interface (GUI). See
Disney, Roy and, 301, 307-308, film industry. See also Pixar; Walt also computer graphics
309,319 Disney Company; spedfic development of, 61
Disney board and, 307-308, films and film companies Macintosh,147
310-311 computer graphics, 186-187 Grove, Andy, 231
Finding Nemo (film), 298 special effects, 151-152 Grover, Ronald, 252
Jobs, Steve and, 143,249-251, uncertaintyin, 248-249 Guggenheim, Ralph, 167, 195,245,
299-305,318-319 Finding Nemo (film), 251, 298-299, 246
Katzenberg, Jeffrey and, 206-208, 304,308,312
256-257 Fiorina, Carleton, 324 Hackman, Gene, 258
management style, 308-309 Fisher, Carrie, 153 Haeberli, Martin, 87
movie piracy, 303 Fisketjon, Gary, 221 Haltek, 19,29,263
Ovitz, Michael and, 204-205, Fitzgerald, Ella, 110 Hancock,Ellen, 222,223, 231-232,
219-220,226-229,315-317 floppy disk, iMac, 264 262
resignation of, 314 Forbes magazine, 182, 193 Handspring, 265
salary of, 306 Fortune magazine, 209, 267, Hanks, Tom, 197-198,237
Toy Story (film), 209, 210, 217, 293 Harwell, Steve, 282
237 Fox, 300 Hawkins, Trip, 54-55, 59, 62, 64
Elliott, Jay, 100,105,106-107,113 Fox and the Hound, The (film), 155 heat so urce, 37-38
Elliott, Missy, 293 frogdesign, 111 Heinlein, R. A., 281
Ellison, Larry, 232, 235, 246, 248, 323 Fylstra, Dan, 58-59 Hertzfeld, Andy, 68, 74, 84,85,95,
eMac, 325 100, 103, 117
EMI,292 gaming, 27, 268 Hewlett, Bill, 17
Eminem, 286, 287 Garcia, Jerry, 254 Hewlett-Packard, 10, 17,33,36,46,
Empire Strikes Rack, The (film), Gassée, Jean-Louis, 109, 110, 112, 59,86,324
152 113,116,121,122,125,222, high-definition video, Apple
Englebart, Douglas, 61 223,225-226 Computer,327
Entrepreneurs, The (TV Gates, Bill, 37, 79-80,139,141,171, Hill, lmogene "Teddy," 10-11
documentary),134-135 222-223,231,233,246,248, Hintz, Jurgen, 213
Epson computer, 106 296,326 Hoffmann, Joanna, 70, 71
Epstein, Ira, 194 Geffen, David, 208 Holt, Rod, 38, 45, 46, 71
Espinosa, Chris, 46, 48, 54, 65, 77 General Magic, 276 Home Improvement (TV show), 316
Estrin, Judith, 310 General Motors, 106, 135, 158 Howard, Bdan, 71
 350 Index Index 351

Howard, Robert, 320, 321 Iron Giant, The (film), 312 Apple I1I, 55 management style, 75-77, 84, 88,
Hughes, Howard, 139 iTunes birth of, 8 96,253,262-263,279,312,
Hurd, Gale Anne, 187 Apple Computer, 274, 276, 323 Brennan-Jobs, Lisa Nicole 313-314
music piracy, 289 (daughter),49-50, 52-53, 57, 11arkkula, Mike and, 45
IB11, 139-140, 142 iTunes 11usic Store, 295 86-87 marriage of, 193-194
IB1111P3 player, 278 Jobs, Steve, 305 business acumen, 27, 28, 36-38, media and, 231-232, 260
IBM PC, 37, 79, 80-82, 94,101,104, launch of, 292-293 40-41,49-51, 102 movie piraey, 303
110,264 music industry, 287-288, charities of, 56 11urray, 11ike and, 110, 112-113,
iBook, 264-265 290-292 childhood of, 9 115-116,118
iCards,323 music piracy, 289-290 computer graphics, 157-158 music, 267-270, 274, 275-276,
i11ac, 263-265, 280, 325 revenue from, 285 demotion of, 116-119 285-290,305
i11ovies, 327 sales of, 293 design, 229-230, 280-281 music industry, 287-288,
I11SAI,40 Ive, Jonathan, 280, 282, 294 drugs and, 17,20-21, 53-54, 290-292,293
Incredibles, The (film), 251, 300, 311, iWorks,327 169 music piracy, 289
313,314,317,322 Eastern mysticism, 21-22, NeXT, 121-127, 134-135,
Independence Day (film), 258 Jaekling, Daniel C., 174 31-32 141-145,170,171,183-184,
Independence Investment, 304 Jagger, Mick, 117, 276 educatíon of, 10-13, 17-19, 200-201,203,208,218,230,
India, 23-27 Japan,106 21-22 259
individuality, 17 Jasinski, Barbara, 53 Eisner, 11ichael and, 249-251, NeXTSTEP, 223-226
Industrial Light and 11agic, 153 Jiang Zemin, 254-255 298,299-305,316,318-319 parents of, 133-134
initial public offering Jillette, Penn, 198 family life of, 211-212 personalityof, 10, 12, 16,31,
Apple Computer, 64-66 Jobs, Clara (mother), 8, 9, 11,21, finan ces of, 55-56, 64-65, 84, 85, 32-33,46,52-53,57,62,69,
Pixar, 216-217, 243-247 134,193 119,171,183-184,188, 85-86,90,136,217,291,
integrated circuit, 12 Jobs, Erín Siena (daughter), 217 245-246,252,259-260 322-323,331-332,334
Intel, 41, 45, 283 Jobs, Eve (daughter), 252 Gassée, Jean-Louis and, 223 Pixar, 160-163, 164, 165-167,
Inte1486 chip, 208 Jobs, Laurene Powell (wife), 177, Gates, Bill and, 233-234 169-170,184,209,210-211,
Internet, 244 17~210,216,238,252,255 Gil, Amelio and, 231-233 216-217,218-219,243-247,
Apple Computer, 261, 323-325 background of, 182 health of, 319-321 249, 252-253, 258-259,
file transfer, 264 career of, 254 IBM and, 139-141 307-308,312,318
Jobs, Steve, 265 family lífe of, 211-212 India trip, 23-27 polítical activity, 120,254-255
music downloading, 270-272, marriage of, 193-194 Internet, 261, 265 Powell, Laurene, 181-183
276,286-287,288,293 Steve Jobs meets, 181-183 interpersonal relations, 62, 69, resignatíon of, 127-129
inventory management, Apple Jobs, Patty (sister), 9 71-72,85 romantic relationships, 86-87,
Computer, 263 Jobs, Paul (father), 8-9,11,21, 134, iPod,275-297 106,138,181-183
iPhotos, 323 193 Lisa computer, 59, 62, 63, 64, Seott, Mike "Scotty" and, 46, 49,
iPod, 34, 178, 180,324. See also 11P3 Jobs, Reed (son), 193,211 67-68,99-100 54
player Jobs, Steve, 156,173-180. See also loyalty to, 66, 220 Sculley, John and, 93-94, 99,100,
competidon to, 296-297 Brennan-Jobs, Lisa Nicole Lucas, George and, 151, 158-159 111-112,113-115,116,
cost of, 285, 297 (daughter) Macintosh computer, 70-73, 124-125
development of, 276-283 adoption of, 9, 133 75-77,78,82-84,87,91-93, Smith, Alvy Ray and, 162-163,
innovations to, 329-330 Apple CEO, 213-214, 233-236 95-96,97,98,102-103,108, 165,184-186
music piracy, 289 Apple Computer founding, 33-36 161,214 software, 324-325, 332-333
release of, 283-284 Apple Computer return, 230-233 11acWorld Expo (January 2005), speaking skills, 272-274, 323
sales of, 285, 294, 329 Apple II, 47-48 325-330,334 stock dístribution, 65-66

352 Index
Jobs, Steve (continued)
telephone phreaking, 19-21
television, 305
Time magazine article, 89-90
Toy Story (film), 238-239
upgrade policy, 48
Walt Disney Company, 187-191,
194-195,205-206,210,
249-251
Wozniak, Steve and, 3-4,15-17,
28-29,47,108-109,111,321
Xerox Palo Alto Research Center,
60-62
Joswiak, Greg, 275
Juan Carlos (king of Spain), 139
Iurassic Park (film), 258
just-in-time manufacturing, 137
Kahl, Milt, 313
Kahney, Leander, 278
Kamradt, Alex, 49-50
Kare, Susan, 92
Katzenberg, Jeffrey, 249, 250, 260,
304
Eisner, Michael and, 206-208,
251,256-257
Jobs, Steve and, 143, 144-145, 194
Lasseter, John and, 187, 195, 196,
202,256
Lucas, George and, 158
personality of, 255-258
Pixar and, 188-191, 192
Toy Story, 203,206,209,237
Kay, Alan, 157
Kazaa, 288, 293
Keaton, Diane, 138
Kerwin, Pamela, 190, 191, 194-195,
245,251
keyboards, 40
Keynote presentation program, 327
Kierulff Electronics, 35-36
Knauss,Ben,278-279,283
Knight, Suge, 286-287
Kohler, Dylan, 191-192
Index 353
Lion King: 2 Simba's Pride, The iTunes, 274
Kottke, Dan, 7, 22, 23-27, 31, 40,
(film),302 marketing of, 95-97,100,264
48-49,53,56,66,71
Lisa computer, 59, 62, 63, 64, 67-68, release of, 97-98
Kottke, Leo, 23
70,75,80,82,83,87,88,99, sales of, 99,102,107,110,111
Krantz, Michael, 253
103, 122 software of, 101, 107
Kunysz, Terry, 267-269
cancellation of, 111 SoundJam MP, 268
Kvamme, Floyd, 99
failure of, 94-95 20th Anniversary Macintosh,
releas e of, 91 266
Lack, Andrew, 292
Lisberger, Steve, 186 Macintosh XL, 111
Lady and the Lamp (film), 155
Little Big Mac computer, 121 Mac Mini, 180,328
Lady and the Tramp 11: Scamp's
The Little Kingdom (Moritz), 90 Mac OS 10,326
Adventure, The (film), 302
Litvack, Sanford, 205, 227 Mac I1, 111
Lang, Don, 23
Lockheed, 12, 13 MacWorld Expo events, 1-3,234,
LaserPrinter, 230
Logsdon, Jeffrey, 304 236,272-274,325-330
LaserWriter, 143,273,327
Lohr, Steve, 221 magneto-optical drives, 141-142
Lasseter, John, 177
Lopez, Jennifer, 258 Manning, Elliott, 315
Bird, Brad and, 313, 314
Los Angles Times (newspaper), 303 Mannock, Jerry, 71
A Bug's Life (film), 258
Lotus, 101 marijuana, 17
Eisner, Michael and, 300
Lowe, Bill, 140, 141 Markkula, Mike
Finding Nemo (film), 299
LSD,20-21 Apple Computer, 54, 63
Jobs, Steve and, 218-219, 239, 319
Lucas, George, 119-120,155,258 Apple Computer founding,
Katzenberg, Jeffrey and, 187,
abilities of, 152-153 44-46,47
256-257
computer graphics, 153-154, Gil, Amelío and, 232
Lucasfilm, 155-156, 163-164
157-158 Jobs, Steve and, 52, 65, 71, 73,
Pixar, 168, 172, 184, 188, 190,
divorce of, 156-157 114,124,126
245,246,247,250,260,300,
The Empire Strikes Back (film), Kottke, Dan and, 66
312
152 Macintosh computer, 83
Tin Toy (film), 167
Jobs, Steve and, 158-159,300 personality of, 44
Toy Story (film), 195-199,
Raiders of the Lost Ark (film), 152 resignation of, 235
201-204,237
Star Wars (film), 151, 153 Scott, Mike "Scotty" and, 78
Walt Disney Company, 155,309,
Lucas, Marcia, 156-157 Sculley, John and, 94, 110, 115
318,319
Lukas, Paul, 56 software writing, 56
Leary, Timothy, 22
Luxo Ir. (film), 164,202 venture capital, 51
LEF Interactive, 288
Marx, Karl, 25
Lennon, John, 4, 64
Machat, Steven, 286, 287 Mayer, John, 329-330
Lethal Weapon (film), 203
Mach software approach, 170-171 McAlpine, Dennis, 304-305
Levy, Lawrence, 245, 246
Macintosh computer, 67-73, 75-77, McAuliffe, Christa, 119
Lewin, Dan'l, 122, 125, 126, 175
78,82-84,87-89,91-93,94, McCollum, John, 18
Lewis, Del, 232
120,161,175. See also Apple McGregor, Ewan, 294
Lewis, Peter, 293
Computer McIntosh Labs, 89, 92
Lichtenstcin, Roy, 316
flaws of, 101-102 McKeigue, Patrick, 304
light, computer graphics, 150-151
Gassée, Jean Louis, 121 McKenna, Regis, 41-43,51,53,100,
Lin, Maya, 106
G5 iMac, 266 107
Linux system, 325
iMac and, 264 McNealy, Scott, 213
Lion King, The (film), 152, 192,207
 354 Index
media. See also specific newspapers
and magazines
Apple Computer, 284
corporate culture and, 235
Jobs, Steve, 231-232, 260
medical applications, Pixar Image
Computer, 162
Melman, Richard, 45
Melville, Herman, 17
Meyer, Nicholas, 154
Mickey's Christmas Carol (film), 155
Microsoft, 79-80,118,296
Apple and, 37, 212, 222-223, 230,
233-234,327
IBM and, 140-141, 142
Microsoft Internet Explorer Web
browser, 234, 324
Microsoft Word, 327-328
Miller, Ron, 310
Mitchell, George, 311
MITS, 39, 40
Mitterand, Frans:ois, 121
Moby,282
Moby Dick (MelviUe), 17
monítors, 263-264
Monsters, Ine. (film), 198,251,260,
298,312
Moritz, Michael, 89, 90
MOS 6502 chip, 38
Motley Fools, 248
Motorola 68000 chip, 69
Motorola 68020 chip, 121
Motorola 68030 chip, 141
mouse, development of, 61
movie piracy, 303
MP3.com,271,272
MP3 player, 268, 270-272,274,275,
277. See also iPod
Mucha, Zenia, 302
Murray, Mike, 85, 95,102,104,107,
108,110,112-113,114,
115-116,118,296
musíc, Internet downloading,
270-272
musíc industry, iTunes Music Store,
287-288,290-292,293
musicmaker.com, 286
MusicNet, 292
music piracy, 289-290
Napster, 272, 288, 303
NASA, 12,119
National Film Board of Canada, 152
National Semiconductor, 43, 46, 213,
214,215
Netscape Communications,
243-244,248
Newsweek magazine, 123
Newton, Bob, 35-36
Newton organizer, 266, 285
New York Institute of Technology
(NYIT),149
New York Times Magazine, 221
NeXT computer, 32,146,157
costs of, 171
design of, 136-137
faílure of, 145,210
IBM and, 139-141
NeXTStation, 183-184,201
NeXTStep, 223-226, 230
origins of, 121-127
problems at, 141-142,200-201,
208
release of, 142, 170
startup of, 134-135
Nitemare (film), 155
Nixon, Richard, 138
Olson, Dick, 31, 36
Ondo, Kunitaki, 327
101 Dalmatians (film), 313
On the Firing Line (Amelío), 233
On the Firing Line (Simon), 29
Osear Awards. See Academy of
Motíon Picture Arts and
Sciences
OS/2 system, 141, 142
Ovitz, Michael, 204-205
Eisner, Michael and, 219-220,
226-229,306,315-317,319
Toy Story (film), 237
Pace, Betsy, 10 1
Pacific Data Images (PDI), 257
Packard, David, 86
Page,Rich,122, 128-129,175
PageMake~ 143,328
Pages word processing program, 327
PAL chip, 87
Palm Pilot, 265, 267
pancreatic cancer, 319-321
The París Review (journal), 133
Parrish, Maxfield, 55
Pascal language, 67
paternitytest,57
PDA, 266, 267, 276
PDI,304
Peí, I. M., 137
Penn & Teller, 198
People magazine, 193
Perot, Ross, 106,133,134-135,138,
143,158,171,176,201
Personal Computer Festival (fust,
Atlantic City, New Jersey),
38-41
Pfeiffer, Herbert, 111
Philips electronics, 158,212,276
phreaks,19-20,33,136
Pixar, 2, 119-120. See also animation
corporate culture of, 307-308,
311-312,314
employees of, 160
films of, 251-253
finances of, 171-172,260,299,
301-302
founding of, 159-160
The Incredíbles (film), 311,
313-314,317
IPO,216-217,243-247
Jobs, Steve, 160-163,164,
165-167,169-170,184,209,
216-217,217-219,252-253
Index 355
layoffs at, 165, 184
organization of, 260
RenderMan software, 167-168,
171,208-209
sales, 168-169, 171-172,172
Siggraph convention, 163-164
Smith, AIvy Ray, 185
stock prices, 252, 299, 304
successes of: 258-259
Toy Story (film), 195-199,
201-204,205-206,208-209,
237-239
Walt DisneyCompany, 187-193,
194-195,210,299-304,310,
318-319
Pixar Image Computer, complexity
of,162
Playboy magazine, 43
Plimpton, George, 133, 135
Pocahontas (film), 192,217
politics, Jobs, Steve, 120, 254-255
PortalPlayer, 277-278, 279, 283,
294-295
Porter, Tom, 198
PostScript font, 327
Powell, Laurene. See Jobs, Laurene
Powell (wife)
PowerBook,280
power supply, 37-38
Pressplay, 292
printed circuit boards, 33, 34-35
Processor Technology, 39, 40
Procter & Gamble, 213
Profit from Experience (Amelío),
213
QuickDraw program, 75
Radio Shack, 39
Radley, Gordon, 300
Raíders of the Lost Ark (film), 152,
314
Rand, Paul, 137
Raskin, Jef, 67-69, 70-73, 76, 90, 322
 356 Index
Reagan, Ronald, 108-109, 176
RealNetworks, 292
Recording Industry Association of
America (RIAA), 290
Redse, Christina, 138, 182
Reed College (Portland, Oregon),
29,31
Reeves, Bill, 245, 246
Reeves, John, 164, 167
Regis McKenna Agency, 41-43
A Regular Guy (Simpson), 220-221
Rembrandt van Rijn, 150
RenderMan software, 167-168,169,
171,192-193,208-210
Rescuers Down Under (film), 192
Rickles, Don, 198
Rios, 275
"Rip, Mix, Burn" campaign, 303
Robbin, Jeff, 267-268,269
Roberts, Ed, 39
Rock, Arthur, 111
Rockwell International, 213
Rohan, Jordan, 318
Rolling Stones, 293
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 104-105
Rosen, Hilary, 290-291
Rowling, J. K., 294
Roybal, Phil, 58, 84
Rubinstein, Jon "Ruby;' 236, 277,
278,279,285
Russel, Invin, 228
Safari Web browser, 324
Sand project, 80
San Francisco Chronicle and
Examiner (newspaper), 116
San Jase Mercury News (newspaper),
116
Saunders, Merl, 254
Sayre, Rich, 314
Schlein, Phil, 123-124
Schlender, Brent, 209, 231, 267
Schneider, Peter, 189,201-202,210
Schumacher, Tom, 203
Schure, Alexander, 148-149, 151,
152,153,159,199
Schwartz, Tony, 220
Schwarzenegger, Arnold, 186,255,
263
ScientificAmerican (magazine), 147
Scott, Mike "Scotty"
Apple Computer, 47, 60
business organization, 63-64
hiring of, 46
Jobs, Steve and, 49, 54, 65, 66
layoffs, 74, 78,126
Macintosh computer, 68, 71,
72-73
personality of, 46
venture capital, 51
Scott, Ridley, 95
Sculley, John, 175,200,262,265,266
Apple Computer, 98
board of directors and, 111-112,
113-115
Gassée, Jean-Louis and, 222
Jobs, Steve and, 93-94, 99, lOO,
105,116,119,124-126
Lisa computer, 94-95
Markkula, Mike and, 94, 110, 115
Murray, Mike and, 107, 108, UD,
118
ouster of, 212
Pepsi-Cola, 89
personality of, 100
Seal,282
Second Coming of Steve Jobs, The
(Deutschman),22]
security clearances, Pixar, 168-169
Sendak, Maurice, 155-156
Sequoia Associates, 90
Shakespeare, William, 17
Sharman Networks, 288
Shawn, Wallace, 198
Shelton, John, 94
Shockley, William, 9
Shore, David, 306
Shoup, Dick, 147
Shrek (film), 152
Shriner, Rick, 249
Siggraph conventions, 163-164,166
Sigmatel, 295
Silverman, David, 260
Simon, Bill, 29
Simpson, Joanne (mother), 134, 193
Simpson, Mona (sister), 133-134,
135-136, 193,220-221
Simpsons, The (TV show), 313
single parenthood, 7
Slade, Mike, 200
Sleeping Beauty (film), 186,307
Smash Mouth, 282
Smith, Alvy Ray, 191, 192, 238, 243
background of, 147
computer graphics, 148-151, 154
Jobs, Steve and, 162-163, 165,
184-186
Lasseter, John and, 156
Lucas, George and, 157
Pixar, 159-160, 172
Walt Disney Company, 158
Xerox Palo Alto Research Center,
147-148
Smith, Burrell, 68, 69, 71, 77,82,84,
87, 103
Smith, George Washington, 174
Smith, Roger, 106
Snoop Dogg, 286
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
(film), 186,307
Snyder, Gary, 22
software. See also specific software
names and types
computer graphics, 151-152, 155,
166,167-168, 191-193
development of, 56
Jobs, Steve, 324-325, 332-333
Mach approach, 170--171
Macintosh computer, 101
Pixar, 160--162
spreadsheet development, 58-59
Sol computer, 39
Index 351
Solomon, Doug, 225
Sonsini, Larry, 246
Sony, 292, 327
Sony Music Entertainment, 292
Sony Pictures, 299
Sony Walkman, 111
SoundJam MP, 267-270, 274
special effects. See also animation;
computer graphics
film industry, 151-152
Industrial Light and Magic, 153
Spectraphysics, 11
Spielberg, Steven, 208, 258
Spindler, Michael, 212-213, 263
spreadsheets, development of, 58-59
Stanford Research Institute (SRI), 61
Stanford University, 143, 181
Stanton, Andrew, 202-203, 256, 299,
312
Starr, Ringo, 285-286
Star Trek JI: The Wrath of Khan
(film),154
Star Wars (film), 151, 153,258
Stephens, Robertson, 244-245
stock options, Apple employees,
65-66
Stone, Sharon, 258
Sun Microsystems, 137, 199,
212-213,222,223
Synaptics,295
Tandy,39
telephone phreaking, 19-20,33, 136
television, 305
The Terminator (film), 186
The Terminator 2 (film), 187,263
Terrell, Paul, 35, 36, 40
terrorism, 283
Tessler, Larry, 60, 61
Tevanian, Avie, 170-171, 225, 236
Thomas, Dylan, 17
3Com,265
3-D computer graphics, 154, 155.
See also computer graphics
 358 Index
Time magazine, 89-90, 253, 299
Tin TO)' (film), 166-167, 187, 195
TognazzITU,Bruce,59
Toy Story (film), 152, 195-199,
201-204,205-206,209,210,
216,217,237-239, 246,
248,249,250,251,252,256,
298,312
Toy Story 2 (film), 251-252, 253,
258,303
Toy Story 3 (film), 309, 318
transistor, 9, 12
Tribble, Bud, 71,122,125,175
Tron (film), 155, 186
Turner & Hooch (film), 197-198
20th Anniversary Madntosh, 266
Ugly Contest (Pixar), 308
U.S. Coast Guard, 8
Universal, 291, 292
Unkrich, Lee, 260
upgrade policy, Jobs, Steve, 48
Urban, Arnanda, 135
user interface. See graphical user
interface (GUI)
U2, 276, 293, 295
Valentine, Don, 43-44, 90
Variety, 228, 238, 310, 318
Venrock investment group, 51
Vermeer, Jan, 150
Vicom,l72
Vietnam war, 13
Visicak (spreadsheet program),
58-59
VLSI, 87-88, 248, 277
Walkman, 111
Wall Street Journal (newspaper), 304
Walt Disney Company, 143-145,
150,152,155,158,167,186,
187. See also animation; Pixar
board of, 307-308, 310-311
Eisner, Michael, 204-205, 307
Index 359
Eisner, Michael/Ovitz, Michael disk drive, 51-52 Xerox Development Corporation,
feud, 219-220, 226-229, education of, 13-14, 15-16, 18 55,60
315-317 engineering skills of, 33, 37 XeroxPalo Alto Research Center,
finances of, 298, 301, 305, 306 injury of, 72, 74 60-62,68,147-148,157,161
Jobs, Steve, 299 Jobs, Steve and, 3-4,15-17,19,
Katzenberg, Jeffrey, 206-208 27,28-29,47,77,89-90, Yahoo!, 89,90,315
lawsuit against, 315-317 108-109,111,117,297,321 Yokam, Del, 107, 113, 125
marketing, 217, 300-301, 302 Macintosh computer, 71
movie piracy, 303 personality of, 14, 16,27,105, Zen Buddhism, 31-32, 36, 37, 56,
Pixar, 187-193, 194-195, 233 120,146,193. See also Eastern
201-204,205-206,208-209, resignation of, 109 mysticism
210,216,246,298-304,310, stock distribution, 65-66 Zerbe, Ken, 99
318-319 telephone phreaking, 19-20,21 Zip drive, 264
stock prices, 304, 306-307
Toy Story (film), 237
Warner Bros., 292, 299
Washington Post (newspaper), 138,
238
Watson, Ray, 228
Wayne, Ron, 34,45
Wells, Frank, 143,204,205,207,219,
306
West Coast Computer Faire, 47-48
Westley, Steve, 255
Where the Wild Things Are (Sendak),
155-156
Wigginton, Randy, 28, 46, 47, 49-50,
52,65,71,94,97
Windows system, 141,222,324
Wired magazine, 201
Wizard ofOz, The (film), 183
Wood, Rick, 165
Woolard, Ed, 232, 259
word processing programs, 56, 61,
327-328
World Trade Center disaster, 283
Wozniak, Alice, 34
Wozniak, Jerry, 13,34
Wozniak, Steve, 68,175,179,226,
276,331
Apple Computer founding, 33-36
Apple JI, 48, 59
Break-Out (game), 28-29
Cloud 9,111