KAI EPAPLOYES npoypapyatoc wngiakns opsoavayw Foie hin 2 oe Xp/igro¢ i Tonovoc lag - Tavouspiog 2008 “Meptexopyeva Npdroyos Euxapiorieg Eroaywyrh Keadaio 1° H op80@wroypagia aa 1.2 13 14 15 1.6 Napayayr opSoparoypagiag Avayeoyh Tphueres oTaBepic MopiBac eBSqouc Avayayi THhyaTes oTpEemspevng Aupidac ebapouc Avaya Tuhwaro< eninedng enrpaverac eBepouG Avaywya Tufuaros KupTAG Enipavelag €56G0U5 H wngiak) op8opwroypagia Fevixa H pe@ob0¢ Biya npos Bhya 1.3.1 Avaykaia ororyeia via Thy napayeysh Ts opBopwroypagiag (© eowrepiKds npooavaTohioude me exkBvag (c,x0,y0,Ar) 0 e&wrepikée npocavaroalonse tne e1kévac (K0,Y0,20,00,0,K) To wngplakd LovréAo e68G0uG (DTM) .3.2 Mapaywyn wnpiaKnc opSopwroypapiac 3.3 Zuvehkn Zuyypaypicérras 3.4 Agivixés MeraoxnuaTioyss 3.5 01 wé80501 napeyBortc H napeuBorh ndnoitorepns yeirviaons (nearest neighbour) H Siypauuinh napepBonh (bilinear interpolation) H BixuBixi cuvehiéy (bicubic convolution) H axpiBeia me opsoqwroypagiag, 1.4.1 Mpocaveroioys 1.4.2 WnpiaKd povréro eB4poug 41.4.3 @mToypapixt unxavh 1.4.4 KAiwaxa op8opmroypapiag 4.4.5 Zopariig 1.4.6 ZpdAyara eikovoouvreraypévov 1.4.6.1 Acrvixi StasTpOoA 41.4.7 MapeBod 1.4.8 Agivik6s HeTaoxnHaTIOLOG Napaywyh op8opwroypagiag He dyed ypaypIKd peTaoxnyanioyd ~ DLT 1.5.1 0 ueo0g ypayyikés yeraoxqpariouds 1.5.2 Mé8080¢ napayayiig opB8opaToyPAgiaG ue Tov dueco ypayikd eraoxquarious Ta wnoiaxa povréra eBdpouc Opiauoi 1.6.1 EuMoys oToryeiov Kal KaTaGKeuA Tou DTM. Tonoypagia,G.P.S. Kai DTM 1 1 1 1 un uw uw 2 12 14 14 15 16 16 16 v7 v7 38 18 24 28 28 29 31 31 31 32 34 35 35 37 7 38 38 39 41 4 43 43‘®uroypayuerpia Kor OTM Xapreg xa DIM 1.7 Epapyoyés opsopwroypagiag Kepadaio 2° Fpoypappatiopéc 2.1 To ‘Matlab’ BaoiKé pépn Tou npoypauHaTS Mat lab kai nivakec 2.2 O1 adyopi8po1 2.2.1 Mpoeroipacia yia owort Aerroupyia Tou npoypayyaros Apxeia npooavaTohiopav Apxelo ouvrerayuévay eMovoonpaTov Apxelo napapétpav axnivikiic SiaotTpop AG Apxelo yewBammy ouvreraypeviov Apyelo napamphoewv eikovoonpéTen 2.2.2 H avénTugn Tev akyopi@pwv Kal n TEAIKA TOUS HOP~] (01 npabteg Boxséc kat 01 KaDBIKES, 0 adydpi@yos tn¢ ynplaKhs opBopaToypaplac 2.3. ‘di_ortho’ 2.4 Mapaywyh opPo@wroypagiag oro di_ortho Ke@aaaio 3° Eappoyéc oro ‘di_ORTHO’ Epappoyéc 3.1 Apyalké 1ep6 Aids (ABiva) 3.2 ZEA piKpé apxaio BéaTpo 3.3 KEA Zupnepaopara AckiKé 6pav BiBAioypagia 43 45 51 si 51 52 53 53 54 55 55 56 57 57 58 61 70 75 7s 75 82 86 89 91 93Tpddoyog To napaxére Keluevo, ora nAciota m6 ATUxIOKiig epyaciac, avadde! KaI na- pouordzer éva ekeidixeupévo avrikeievo TN¢ @wToYPaHpeTpiac, Thy napa~ Yoyh wnpiaxic op8opwToypagiac, He oKONd THY CAOKAM|pwON Tw oMOU- SGV [ag oro Tufwa Tonoypaciag TOU T.E.1 ABiivac, QAAA Kal Thy EuBABUV- n oro Gvixeievo THs paToypapLETpiag, H @wroypauperpia, driag Kai GAAoI emioTnHoviKol TopE!c, Se Ga pnopotos va nv aKoAouBrioe! Thy akuardSn eBEAIEA TNs Texvodoyiag Twv uNoAoyI- omikiby QuoThLdTwv Kai va npocapLdcE! véEc HeBOdoAoyies NOU dyes npO- owépouv Taxirepes, axpiBéoTepEG Kal oiKOvOHIKETEDEG AUOEIG Of OUYKpION He nadaibrepes Siadikacies avaAoyiKéy f Kal avaAUTIKGY opyavary. Eva ané ra Boaké nAovexrfyora eivat ér1 nepioodrepo! xpijorec éxouv épdei GE ENAGT YE TO ENIOTHLOVIKO avTIKEiHEVO TS PwroypayHETpIaG Ka! NapoU- ‘cnaterai nAgov n Suvarérara 0 KaBEvag HE opiouEves yviboeIG anAdy UNo- Aoyionixésy ouoTnurav (personal computer) va unopel va ovanTUEE GA- OpIBYOUG yia THY EniAUON @wToYPAHLETpIK‘Y NPOBANTeV, ExovTag wo Baon To Gewpnrik6 undBa8p6 TMs Kai «pic va eivar anapairyTo va aneu- Suv8ei oe eunopixd naxéra AoyiouiKod. Emmy iSia Aoviki) BagioTnxe Kai_n npayyaronoinen mg napouoac nruxiaKiG epyaciac, avagnribvrac Tov Tpé- no HE Tov onoio 8a enireux8el n napaywyh yneraKis opSopwToypagiac, éva npoidv nou yéxpr npiv Aiva xpévia ATav pia oxeTIkG nepinAoKn S1adika- ia, ESd BéBara TiGeTa! TO EpdTNHG, Noto €a eival To AoyioUIKS No 6a HAG enipayer Ty avénTugy adyopi®yeav, érav éxei avagepBel nus undpxe n Buvarérnra va yn xphaponoin@e! éva eynopiKd naxéTo AoyiouIKOU. Er ouyKexpruéva nepintwon Ta npayyara eivar nio nepinAoKa, apou npdxeira! Via pia eknaideurixi BiaBixacia, eivat n npdrn enagi ue TO avriKelevo Ka! Sev undpxei_n nponaideia cro Npoypayanoys, napé ySvo Ia Eddxiorn, enagr a7 wdOnuia Ts NAnpogopiKiic Tou 2 eEoprhvou. OnéTe, BeSouévou 6m onuavmik6 UépoG THs Epyaciag auTiIc apopoUGE Kar Thy avanTuey Suva- Toriirav npoypazuanouou, énpsne n smiAoyi) va eivat npooexmiKs, Ero &- ore va undpxel éva @iAlk®, AetToUpYIK® GAAG Ka! avoIxTd nepIBEAAOV nou va enmrpénei Tov npoypayuaTigNs dUvBeTwv aryopiBuav, GE oxETiKA ONAS 4p0¢ KaTiKa, 0 onolog TauTSxpova va pnopel va Bextel e’Koha eneuBAceiG and peAdovrikoug xphorec~pormnréc. ‘Eyive Aoindv pia npoonéBeia avantu- Eng adyopi@ywv Gro Aoyiauiké ‘Matlab’, To onoio napéxei éva npoypaypaTi- GTik6 NepiBAAAov NOAL gIAKE NpOG TO xpfjoTn, dna eniong KaI tT Buva- ‘EMTA NpoypaypaTIoyOU NoAUMAOKY Siadixacdv, a~pod o xpA|eTNG UNo- pei va xpnaonorfge! noAAd ané Ta epyadcia Tou. AvriBérwc, 8a pnopouce vo eniAeyel ua ‘freeware’ yAcsooa npoypaywaTio.od, capiic BuaKoArEDN, nou 6105 Ga SquoupyoucE MANGHPA npoBANLaTaY Adya tg éAAEWNS Ytboewy oro avriKeiyevo Tou npoypayyaTioHON. To anorédeoua frav va enireux@ei, nap’ dec nig SuoKoAies nou énpene va avtiperanictouv, n napaywyi yngiaKiic opPopuToypagiac, va anobelxeEi 0 apandve ioxupionds nepi auTévoun¢ Mapayeoyrig Kai va ive! KaTavorTA n, 8An diadiKacia.Euxapiorieg @éAouLe npayyanika va euxapicriouLe éAous 4001 Fyrav Binda pas TOUS reAeuTaious TéovepIg UljvEs Ka! exTIHOUHE apdvragTa Tay KaTavént) TOUS omg BuoKoileg nou cuvavrijoope, dnws eniong Kal Thy uNoovA TOU va wos eEnyiicouv opiouéva, Suavénra yia jac, GE Lara Ka! cuyKeKpiLéva TOUS fre: Miéroa "EM, KaBnyriTpIa Has Kar UNELBUV TAG MTUXIOKA}G Epyaciac, Kappd Fidspyo, Maupoudrn Aiovucia, KaAnonepakn Hila, TpayariKénouno ‘Ratapo, SoSwponovAou INiéva, FpapyariKoyidvn HAia, MinepayKa Ten- yon. “Onws eniong kai Tn AiedGuvon Tonoypagiac, CwToypanpenpiag Kar KrayO~ ToAoyiou TOU Ynoupygiou NoAmopou yia THY Napoxh PaToypapIav.Eioaywyn, 0 ardxog T¢ mruxraKis epyaciag Eexivibvrag Aoindv, 8a yiver ava@opa cro avTiKEiyevo THs @aTOYPAaHHETPIAG kai Thy eE#\E} TNG. H OwToypapierpla elvai o eniornyovikds KAGBOG NOU a- oyonelral pe Tig TEXVIKEG, 01 OnOiec anooKoNoUv Grov npoadiopioud Tw ye~ Querpikaoy xapaxtnpionikdy Tou x@pou and LeETpioEiG oe erkdves, Era TEA TOU 19™ aidva Kaver Thy EWpevion TNS n avahoyiKA geTOYpALLETpIG, O1 Te- xvikég kar 0 eEonAouds Tn¢ ondiag KaBopigovTa: and Thy avaAoyiKi} TEXvO~ Roya, yiverar ypijan avaAoyiKdy eixdvav, ypogiKxiby yeBdBav Kal (GTI Op xé¢ nh¥ov Tou 20" aidva) avaAoyiKiby opydveov anddoons. Mapéni n eupd- Vion Twv avahoyiKdy @eToypayWeTpiK‘dy Opydveav anoTEAEGE WeYGAN EEEAI- & oro nedio Twv eniorndy Tou Tonoypépou, BaorK’ pelovexTyaTa TS Vai n aduvayia xpfions un HeTpIK‘bv ENxavebv, 01 nepioproyol orig yEwnETp: 8 AjWnG, oF Euneipixés UE80501 npocavaTONYdY Kai TO ANAS yapiKE npo- Tdv Tn¢ and3oons pe anorékeoua Thy aduvapiia eEENENs TNs qoToyPaHWETp! a oF Eupéws anodexri, AeiTOupyiKh KOI HOliKa epapHOLoyevn HETPNTIKA LE 080. Zr ouvéyera, we Tv eEEAIEN TNC Texvohoviag Kava Thy SeKaeria TOU ‘70, Ta avadoyiKd épyava divouy Tn Géon TUG Gra NytavaAUTIKG Kai apyo~ Tepa ora avaAumid. H eniAuon Tev gaToYPaLWETpIKoY NPOBANATAY Npa~ ywaTonotetra: pe SiadiKacies ouvopBwong How Tov NAEKTPoviKiby UNOADY!~ Grav Kal TOU GXENIKOL AoVIOUIKOU, eved To npoiév Ts andSoong eival ndgov ce yopph wnpiaKdy SiavuouaTiKdy apxelwv (vector). Ero eniTuyxaverat heyaAdrepn axpiBe1a, euxodia Kar eiotiyovrai vées Texvikéc. Me thy neparré~ pw paydaia avéntugn TI¢ nAeKTpoviKiic TexvoAoylac, Kavel KaTOniv THY Ey dvioH TAS N YNpPIOKA @eTOYPAyWETpIa, NOU GriLEpa eKyETAAAELETA! HETPA- eIG ONS EIKOVEG GE YNDIAKN HOPHN Kal EPapHde! NoIKiAEG HEeddoUG. TO poiéy tn¢ anddoang exrdc and Siavuguanxd ynopei, ndéov, va eival Kat yngiBard (raster). Mepiké and Ta nAgovexriyara TNS WhoIaK/c PwToypaLPETpiac eival: ¥- eOKOAN Kal ypfiyopn eneepyacia ekoviov ¥ weyaAtrepn axpiBera ¥. diebpuvon nediou epapuoyhg ¥ Buvarérntes auToyaTiqoN. Mia and Tig Kupirep|s epapyoyés TNS WNOIaKiG PwroypaypETpiag OWEPG elvar n aurdparn (7 1 NuIaUTopaTn, GAAG KaTd nepintwon Ka! N xEIPOKiv~Tn) Snwioupyia yngiaKod povrédou edapous Kal, He aUTS ws uNdBaBpO, 1 na~ Paywyh Ts wNpIAKhs oPPopwroypagiac. Nord, Népav TNg PwToYPaHHE- ‘Tpiag undpxouv BéBara Kai dAAec nnyés vid Thy efaapAALoN Ts 3D NANpO- @opiag, dnws wHpIOnoinon UMIGTaHEVwV xaPTaV AN XPfon TwY GLYXPO- vay TexvoAoyiov LIDAR, IFSAR K.An. Ero1, n diadikagia napaywyiic whe axiig opBopwroypagiag npénel va avriperwniotel we pid aUTEvoLN’ PwTO- Ypauyerpikh Siadikagia, avek4pmTa and Tov Tpéno Snwioupyiag Tou 3D u- RoBABpoU. Ta Eucripara Feaypapixty MAnpogopidv encpeAouvral and Ta Apoldvra ts wnpIaKts ‘PwToypauHeTpiac, Kai Ei5iKd Thy OpBopwToYPACPia, Abyo TOU MAoUTOU GE NoIOTIKi| Ka! NocoTIKIh MANPO@OpIa GAAS Ka! TNS GHE- érnrag THE. H opBopwroypagia BpioKe! eniong ueydAn EMapHoyr) oTHV xaproypagia Kai Ty avaBedpnan xaprdbv, oTO KrnHaTOASyIO, OE HEAETEG‘eyvikibv épyav Kal nepiBadbovrikés, oF eniyeies epapHoyés K.a. Ze auré To nAaio1o, ordxos TG Epyaciag fray n avTIHET’NION TOU ZaTHyaTOG, "ing wniaig opBcavayayiig, EExivevrag oxeB6v and Ty apxh. ANAAEH 106, Bedoueva BEUpAENKaY N WHpIaKA e1xdva, Ta anapaimnra cToKXeia npooava- TOAIOUOU THG Kal TO WNpIAKE OVTEAO avayAU@oU TNC NEpIOxiig, To ZprouNe- vo firav va dvanruxGei éva nAipes npdypayya napaywyiic opSoguroypagi- ‘ac, GE nEpIBAAAov AerroupyiKe, nou WeAIoTa Ba HNopoUTE iow va xPnOTHO- rnoin@el oro dyes WEAAOV Kal Orny exna\SeuTiKt) SiaBixaoia, H BidpOpwon m¢ nruxiaKtis Epyaciag Emy napotca epyacia yiverar ya npoonéeIa va anodoBel He Tov KaNiTE~ po Suvaré Tpéno n diadikaoia TMs nopaywyiis wNgIaKi\¢ opeogwToypa- jac, Ero: ore va anoreAgoe: rauTéxpova Eva yiKpd BofiBnua crouc End- pevous onoudaoréc. H Soni Ts epyaciag auyKporeirar was e&/Ic: + Ero npéro Kepédaio Tn Epyaotag avaAdErar 0 opIoyds Tn¢ opbopaTo- ypagiag yia mv Karavénon ms Srapopag weTakU oplic Kar KEVTpIKt}C npoBodiic. Mapouardgerai, ouvonmixd, n avadoyiKt} wé®050c opéoava- yaytic, nou anoreAe! nAgov napeA@év, Ka! 7m ouvéxeia avaAderar Priya mpo¢ Bia n Siadixacia napaywyrie Tig whwiaKiic opBopwroypapiag 7600 We ™ ouvérhkn ouyypappiKdrATAG 600 Ka! HE 7m YEBOSO TOU GyE~ ou ypayyikod weraoxnuaTioyod. rn ouvéxela, avagépeTar Ori; EpaP- noyés ™T¢ yNpIOKTI; opbopwroypagias Kal Tic AUoEIG NOU NpoopEpE! OE nodods enrornuovixods TopEls. + Ero devrepo Ke@péAaio napouaidgovrar avaduriKd or aAyépi6yo! yra TY napayayh rac, dic aurol auvrdooovrar Kar misc Aerroupyowv, éro1 Gore va agionomBouv yia To BEATIOTO Suvard anoréAEoya. + 210 1pito Kepddaio napouerdgovrar rpeK, e@apyoyés nou KaAUnTouv &- nniveies Kar evaépies Anwers kal npaypaTonon}@nkav pe ToUG aAyopi- uous nou avanréxénxav aro nAaioio aurig mg NTUXIaKi}¢ Epyaciac.H op8opwroypacla ase] H opSoparoypagia eivai To npoidy TMs BiapopiKiig avaywyig IAG EKévaG, aoe! evéc povréAou avayAUgou Tas Neplox!ig nou aur aneiKovigel. H b1a- Sixacia anooxonel oro va anaheiwel Tig exTponés Adywo AvaYAUMPOU, TI Enl- Spaoeig nou éxouv o1 aTpo@Es TNC EIkSVAG, Kat YeviKOTEPA TIC DIOKUUAvOEI ‘hg KAiwaKag nou opeiAovrar Ge aurés Tic BU0 aries. CewpyTKd, via vo npayyaronoindei n ope npoBoNA THs eiKbvag npéne! va HeTaronIoTE! TO ‘onpeio Ajwng O (%,Yo,Z-) O€ Aneipn andotaan and 70 snineSo Tou apynTi- Ko, éro1 dore va Eivai 6Aes oF axtivec NpOON'c NapAAANAEG (Kal KaTaKO- puges), eve avtiGera omy @uToypaipia dAéc 1 akcrives Be«wpobvrar ws Bé- ‘ues axciveov, 01 onoies Siépyovrai and Tov Bewortmikd onpEIaKd @aKo. H éwoa Ths opSopuroypagiag dev npénel va GuyxéeTaI He THY ANA avayw- Viv 1 onoia anaAeiger pdvo Tic orpogés THs puToypawiac, SNAadA HOvO TIC etaBohég KAipaKag nou opeiAovrar ot auTés Kal Ox! Kai TIG HETaTONIGEIG nou ogeidovral oro avayAupo TOU EdApoUG (ISM, 1998). caxpopwroypapia xéorng xevipm} MPOBOAA p6f| MpoBont aK hy yt AX || JEW Vb bbe oe Outy oe duty Teal bes! ° oO Zxtiwa 1.1. drapopéc pbc Kar Kevrpiniic npopoAnc (Tiéraa, 2000). Mia Kevrpix} npoBod? eivai pia npoonnKa napayoppepevn aneikdvion TOU aymieiévou Adyw 7G HETABANTIG KAiLOKaG (earring Twv orpogdy Ts e- Ova Kal Tou avayAU@ou), He anoTéhecLa TY EKrponi Adyw avayAUOU kai Tv npoonmiKh nopayép@wan. Qc ouvénea Twv Napandve, n KEVTPIKA npoBodA Yevikd KaBioTaTa! yn dyE0a XPnaYONOI/}OIBN yia HETPHTIKOUS OKO- nous, onére eivai anapairqro va yivel opBoavayeyrh ths PaToypapiag dere va unopei nAgov va xpnaponoindel yia Téroious oKonous,Me Tav napaywyi enikadunToyeveov opBoguToypapidy lag Nepioxhg UNO- pei va SnyloupynGei To qpuoTopwaRIKd, To onvio eivar Eva GUvOAO opBOgArTO~ Yoapidv Nou evarvovra weraEs Tous Gra KoIvd ToUG anjEia, éror Gore va Bi- Youv Ty evrinwon pias wévo elkdvag nou KaAUNTe! TY nEpIox!. To endye- Yo Bua via TAY aEionoinan Tou opSopaToHwadixo’ eivai n SnuIoUpyia evdc, of pT, He THY enlBeon SiavuopaTKGy SeBopEvav (joodweis Kop- TUAEG, KOWaBOS K.An,), npoKeipévou va uNdpxel NANPEoTEPG GUvBUACHOS OIOTIKAG KAI NOGOTIKKIS NANPOMOPICG. Ta ndeovexriiara nou napouardzouy 01 opBo@wToypagies Kal 01 opBOgUTO- xapres 0€ OXéOn HE TOUG GUVHGEIG xdpTES Elva: ‘= Fpyopn Kal orxovouirt) napaywyr} xwpis va anarrodvra exrerayéves Tonoypagixés epyaoies unaiépot Napéxouv 6An Thv nAnpogopia pias perroypagiac. Mnopouv va “SiaBaorouv" evKoAa and onorovérinore xpiiorn. Mapéxouv o&SmaT™m yewperpixt) nAnpo@opia. Mnopodv va enionyav@ouv enions Kai opiopéva peloverripara : © Merapévn BuvarérnTa paToepunvEUTIKrc XproNG OUYKpITIKE YE TIG apxixes exkévec, Ady Ing werouevns SiaxprTiKiig iKavéTnTaG (npolbv enavaadoraang TM e1xévac). = 01 opBopwroypawies dev napéxouv uoperpiKés NAnpowopies exrdc real av éxouv avriaroixnBel ue To ToniKé yngiaKd yovréAo avéyAupoU ondre xd6e onpeio werpiéra' € TpEIG diagTdoers (nx. monoplotting).. + fia mv nopaywyr opBoparoypapriv anarrouvrai NoAAEG popés E1DI- Ké¢ nrjoeic, énou AqpBévovrar undwn n yeovia npdontwons Tov po TeIviv axtivey, 01 KaTGMnAEc ouvreraypéves, ou Kévrpou AAWnG (GPS) xai xpnoronoiovyevo pwroypagiKd UAIKO, éTo1 wove va EAQXI- ‘ronoinBouv o1 oxic kar va emTéux6el yeyaddTEpn Siaxpirérqra (la nidc, 1991). 101.1 Mapaywyr opbo@wrtoypagias Tia my napaywyh opSopeaToypagiag aKohouBouvral HEB0d01 SiapopiKhc a- vaywyis, Kara TI¢ onoles n pwToypagia xwpigerar ce Sia@opIKd THAYATO nou avayovrai to KaGéva xwpioTd. O1 peBododoyies SiapopiKiic avaywyiic nou éxouv akoNousn@el YE avaAoyikés eIkOvEs Eival o1 napaKGrw (BA. Kal Kraus, 1993): SAvaywy TuAWATOS oTaBEpHs Awpidag Edapous Kara priKog Mopi8ac oraepou nAdrous TOU eddpouG ToNoBeTOUVTal OpIZov- Ta Ta piKpd THAYaTa ara Onoia éxe1 xwpIOTE! N @aToypagia. Em auvéxeIa ‘avayovra! To KaBéva xwpIcrd GE pia Eviaia KAiyaka Kal anoTundvovra: aTo apyrriké mg opBoquwroypagiag, Beha 1.2. Aapiba or08epod wyousérpou (Taniéc, 1991). BAvaywyi THAWGTOs oTPEMdHEVNS Awpidag edapous H @uroypagia xwpiverar nad: oe Awpidec, o1 onoieg orpépovral dere va &- xouv Ty KAion Tou €84@ouG Ka! éroi Ta TyAyaTa ova onoia xwpifeTar 4 Aw- pi8a va ny elvai opiZovria. Ern ouvéxera akodouBelral NAAN avaywyi} OK KQBe TuAUaTOG xwpIoTa, éNuws KaI NponyoULEVNG, ‘Exihwa 1.3. Awpiba peroBakAduevou uwoutrpou (ands, 1991). anmAvaywyt THiPATOS eninedng enupaverag edapoug ze uri Thy nepinrwon n eixéva Sev xwpigerar ce Awpides aAAa oe IKPES enineBeg enipaverec, dnou aurés npoBEAAovTa! Eow eves Siob\aoraTOU (OU- vias SiYPALWIKOU) HETAOXNHATIONOU oto apyNTIKS Tc opBo@wToYPagiac. Extiwa 1.4, Liapopucés enineéec enupaveres (Mans, 1991). mAvayoyh THiPaTOS KupTiis Enipaverag Edapous Ernv nepinrwon aurii Ta TyAyaTa ora onoia xwpizerai n @wToypapia eivar kuprés enupaveies avti via eninedec Ka! npoBaAAovra! péow evds NoAUDvU- HIKOU LEraoxnpaTioyod. O1 apxéc, Race! Twv onoiwy UAonoIAENKav o| napa- dvr WeBoBoAoyies ora naAsTEpa dpyava napaywyiic opsopaToypapidy, eivat n apxf Tou avayAU@ou Kai N apx| TNG video capwaNG TS EIkOVaG (BA. Nanidc, 1991, Kai Kraus, 1993). Extua 1.5. Arapopinés Kuper erupavees (Nord, 1991). Me Bacon tay apxh rou avayAd@ou, o1 paToypagies Tou oTepEdzebyous npo- BéAAovTar péow KOKKvOU KAI LAE @IATPOU Nou EniTpénoUY Thv GTEPEOOKO- Tix naparipnan orov xeIpioT!. To opBoxPwpaTIKs apveTIKE TNS OPeOpD- ‘oypagiag eivar kaAupiéve, extdc and pia oni) nou avrioroixei oro Siapop!- ké Tuya TH pwToypagiac, O xeipioTiic aveBoKaTeBAze! Thv onA| dare va E- XE! oTEpeooKonikh 6paon Ka1 Apa To onyelo va avtioToIxel OT UWoyETPO ‘Tou eBapouc, Era! anotundverai n Kuavh aKrivoBoNla Kai noni} weTaKive'- ai Gro endjievo Tuhua THs Awpidas. Ev nepinrwon nou n Nopida eivar oTpepéyevn xpnoqonoiouvra: ere onmxss ives ere oTPEpOLEVOI aK! Ka! nployara Dove, nou enrrpénouv Ty aAAayi KAjong Gore va ounéoe! ye THY 12kaion rou edapous. Me Béon thy apxf ms video odpwonc Ta THAHaTa Ms pwToyPapiac capd- vovral nAeKrpoviKd Kai yerarpénovral oe ofara video. Merooxnuarigovrar ai NpoB@AAovTal UE Tov avtioTpo@o TPANO GTO apyNTiKe TNs opBopwToYPA- ‘iag (0 peraoxnuariopds eEoprérar and thy enipdvera). Zuvtetayeves gpurtoygagias| Zip. oGiguons Eaguig bg = Ounoygagia Euvteraypéves wovtehov Dia owas Excumutig _— Barris ogbopatoyoaciag Zxthua 1.6. Apxt} m¢ video odpwong (Nand, 1991) 131.2 H WN@IaKi opPo~wToypagia erevixd Me my avénruh 71g Texvohoyiag Twv unodoyIoIKiy GUaTnLATOY Kal THY PC, eivai nAgov Suvari) n nAfpns évrakq TH¢ Napayeync opSopwroypagi- Gv Ge YNpIaKd nepIBOAAov. FIAgov Sev xpnaonoieirar n yEBOdog TOU op- Goavaywyéa, apoU 6x! LOvo n aKpiBeld Tou ziva! perwpevn € Oxéon HE TAY Napayayih TMs wnpIaKic opBo@arToypagiag noU éxei SnyioupyNeel CE AAeKTPOVIKe UNodoyIoTH usw EISIKOU AoyiOUIKOD (OpPopwroYpapia OE npIaK} HOPH), GAAE Kar n NaAaISTEpN SiaiKacia eivar 1ialrepa aUvBern ai xovoBépa, To anarrouyevo UAKé via Thy Napaywynh TAG WnIaK"iG op- Boputoypagiag eivai o: napdperpor TOU EwrepIKOL Kal EEWwTEpIKOU NpOGA- vaToAloyou 7G EIkOvaG Kal TO Wh—pIAKs povrého avayAixpou (DEM) Tg o- eiKovigoyevng nepioxhg, ele ce opp wher (raster DEM) eire oF op@n TIN. © Baorkdc ekonAiouds eivai anna évac nAeKrpoviKds UnoAoYi- ic Kai Evac oopesTig via Ty Herarponth TEV avahoyiKiy eIkovoV OE WA iaKég (Kar évag exrunarig yia Thy ekTUNwON Tw TENKBY eIkdvav). TO ‘TeAiK6 npoidv pNopel va ak/onoinei Ka! GTnv O8BvN Evds NAEKTPOVIKOL U- nohoyicrh. © adydpiy0s m¢ wnelaKi¢ opBoavaywyig ival oY oudia éva npoypay- Ha nou aKoAoudel my SiaBpou mn¢ exdcrore npoBoNKiig axrivas, and TAY yewéamni) 8€on TAC eSapoyneidag (X,Y) Kal TO NopEYBEBANLEvO UWEHE- po Z NpOG MY APyIKi} EIkéva HE EKoVOOUVTETayHEVES (x,y) Kal, and TH ywooth oxéon caper) Kai eikdvac péow TOU agiviKOU UETaoxnYaTIOPOU, Biderar oTHY avticTorxn eSapoyNgida n Tip TOU TovoU TOU yKpIZoU, ME ‘av napadomaxi Hé8od0 nopayayiic opsopwtoypapiac n uéyiomn ueyé~ @uvon nou ynopouse va unoarnpigel 0 opBoavaywyéag firav 5x. AvriBera, ofuepa n yngiaxi opSoparToypagia eivar Eva npoiév nou LNope! va xen- oiyonoin®ei via neparrépa ene&epyacia (Kal napatiipnon Ye zoom) oTnv O- Gévn evdc nAEKrpoviKOH UNOAOVIOTH, Gntws ava~pépENKE. OnéTE n yeyEBUY- on npénel, yevikd, va elvai yeyaAuTepn. Av, via napadeiyya, Ia @ewToypa- ia capaGel ara 10 jum Kal eivar KAipaKaG 1:25000, n edapoynoida 8a ei- vai 0.25 m, nou ouviord ikavonoinriKd Uéye80s yia andSoon aKéya Kal ye YOAOV KAILGK@Y (KrnHaTOASYIO, SiaypayHaTa). To HeyEBo¢ Te eSapoyn- oidag Tg opBopaToypapiag Bev npEne! va Elva! pIKPsTEpO TOU YEyEBOUG ‘Tag avrigroryng THs apxIKiic EiKévac, yiati n Pad\oveTprKth (AAAS, TEAIKG, Kain ye@uerpikh) nAnpogopia Ga eivai Tore MPOBANHATIKA. TéAoG, HIG Biadixaoia nou éxe1 auroyaronoinGei eivar n Sqpioupyia Tou @wTouwodi- Kou, axoAou@vrac Tpia Bacixd Bhwara via Thy NapaywyA TOU: Tov EAEyxo kai Tn yewypagiki) avapopé Twv EIkovev, TY NPoCaPHOY!) THY EKbViOV kai ™m guvraimion Twv AenTouepetdv, onws eniong kal Thy TadTIon TeV Bi- ABoeuicewy Tav Tévev TOU yKpiZou (ISM, 1998, Fewpyénouhoc, 1998). 14BH pé80d0¢ Ta Thy napaywyr) Ag opeopaToypapiag axohouselra! n napaKdrw HeBo- Boroyia (BA. Kai Ex. 1-3): ‘© Merapépovrai a7o eBapo¢ Ta dkpa TAG apxiKrhc EKévac, xpnoyono!- Gvrag Tic ouvrerayéves Taw EIKovoonLATWV Kai Eva yiéo0 UYOLE- Tpo TH¢ NEpIoxtis, HE THY Eappoy! TNS avTioTpO@NS GUvér}KNS OUy- ypaupixérn ras. napeyBord tevou ‘rou ypigou eForepncic npncaverohuig 0K couvefxn Nee ypauuinéraraq mxn + agivixds HETaOXNHATIONSS ‘enavagvoracn erxévas, fongiaxi opomaroypagia MN] ZExtiwa 1.7. Aidypaypa napaywyac wnpiaKic opGopaToypapiag (Néraa, 1998). © Zxnuariouds evo opBoydviou napaMAnAdypappoU ané Ti; Brapopés ‘DXnox KO! AYnge TOV YEWOOTTIKEY OUVTETaYpEVeY rou HETa~pERONKAV ‘ro éBapos and Ta exxovoorwara. To napaAAnAdypayuo opige! Tay nepioxth TAS opBopwToypapias. * Opioyds rou peyéBoug m¢ Edapoyneidac ™m<> opBopwroypagiac (cuvaprijce: rns gnrouwevne KAiaxds 7<) Kar xewpiopds Tou Kavvd- Bou ™¢ opBopuroypapias, dnAadr} KaBopIoLSG Tw SraoroEdav TAG 15MeN 08 pixel. ¢ Anpnoupyia rerpaywvixod xavvdBou rou wnpraKkod povréAou &5d- ‘ous Kar opioydc rou yeyéBous Tou Biwarde Tou. (Znverdverar 6ri Biadixagia ynopel va vive Kar ue yovréAa avayAd@pou TIN.) » MapeyBorr} rou KavvéBou 195 opBopwroypawiag orov KévvaBo Tou wnelaxol povréAou edépous yia Thv EUpEon Twv UWoLETpaV TwY E- Sapownvicav. © Liaboxier perapops drwy Tav eSapoynpidwy (X, Y, Z), ue epap- boyr Tn ouvériKns cuyypaymiKdrnTaG oTHY apXIKT} EIKOvG (x,y). © Agiixés eraoxquaTioyds Twv eikovoouvreTaypévev (xy), UE apXAh ‘afbvav To KévTpo TAG apyiKiic ExévaG, OTO BOTA THs WnpIAKTG exxvag oe pixel (I,J). = MopeyBoA} rwv rove rou yKpifou oTnv apxiKh ypIaK?) EiKéva ya Inv enavaguoraor) TNs Kar THY Nopaywys opBopwroypapiag. H Kae edapoynpida anokré, é7o1, Tov avrioro1xo révo Tou yKpicou. 1.3 H d1adiKacia Bra npos BALA 1.3.1 Avayxaia oroixeia ysa Trav napaywys opBopwroypapiag BO eowrepixds npogavaroAapds TNS E1kOVAG (C, Xe, Yor Ar) ce: H oraBepd ms uNxaviic, n| onola exepdzei Thy andoraon TOU NpoBoAKoU Kévrpou O and To eninedo Tou apvnTIKoU. 01 cuvreraypévec Tou npwTevovTos onpeiou Gro oUoTHYA NOU opigerai and Ta eikovoorara, art H axrivik Siacrpoph Tou gaKou, BnAadh To opAANa Tov npoBohKay axtiviay efarriag mg S1@Acong nou ueloravra! Kara Thv eioodo oT EowTEpIK TOU paKoLl. AnoTEAEOUG Eival 1) andkAion Te aktiveay and To yovTEAO TAG KEVTpIKAG NPO- BoAg, Eneidverar, ndvras, 611 85 pnopodv va Anpeouv u- dyn’ Kar AAAa GUSTHATIKa a@EAVOTA TV @aKiv (npdode- eG napdyETpo! TOU aepoTpIywvioHOU). 16Zxisa 1.8. 0 eowrepinds npooavarohauds (Mérod, 2000). NO efwrepixds npocavarohiopds mg emKdvag (Xo, Yor Zor @, Dy K) 01 ouvreraypeves Tou kévtpou O TOU @aKou Kara THY oTIYH ‘Tag Afiyng oTo xpnotonoIodpevo GuoTHHG TOU x@poU. type: 01 orpo~ég nou exe! N eIKdv, ENAAB! oF oTpO@Es nou npénel va npayyaronorjge ro avon Ha TOU xépou nepi TOUS aEovES X, ¥ kat Z, avricroixa, core va KaTacTel napaAANAo HE eKEivo Tg eiKévag POYZ) Zxtiwa 4.9. 0 eRurepndc nposavaroMousc (Niér09, 2000). To wn@iaKd povréAo eda@ous (DEM) Mpénei va SiariGerai ro ynpiakd povréro eBdpouc ™ME nepIoxtig nou anel~ kovigerai orn puroypagia. Ethv npoKelyévn nepintwon anarreira: va eivat vag Terpaywvikds KawvaBoc, Yevikd dus NopE;, drag Hon Enionuaven- 17ic, vo éxei Ka! Ty Hopp TIN. To DEM ynopei va éxe1 uAAEye! @uToYpaL- erpiKd A Kal He GAAOUG TPEnNoUG (BAENE avaAuTiKA Maune, 2001). 1.3.2 Mapaywys wnpiaxis opboparoypapiag god &xe! capn8e! n avanoyikih exéva amy KaToAANAN avaAUEN GE @wTO- YeOuHETPIKE OapwTH fh, avaAoya HE THY nepimTwon, Ka1 oe enirpané%jo oa- Bath (KoIvé oapwTh sunopiou), To npdro Biya eival va perapepbotv ra Gxpa Tag apxrKric poroypapiag péow Tov EkovoonHaTiy TE OTO eagec. (Gav Ta e1kovootjyara Sev Bpiokovrai ora dKpa T¢ eikévac GAAS ora yéoa wv anévavi nAeupév, unoAoyicevrai npdra o1 eikovoouvreraypEves Tov Sxpav.) Me avtioroixo spbno epydcera: Kaveic Kal GE pn HETpIKEG eIkbvEG, nou crepouvrar eikovoonyérwv. Tia To oKond auTd xpnayonoieira! n ouv- Gin ouyypapuiKdrhTaG, EiGbyovrag To LEo0 UYWdLETPO ToU WApIAKOL Hov- ‘réh0U eB4HOUG Kal 8x1 TO UWOUETPO Z Nou avTioToIxe! ory én TOU KAGE eixovooriyaros, apod aurd dev eivai BéBaa yrword. Opigerar Aoindv oro é- Sapoc éva TeTpnAEupO aNd Th LETapOPE Tw TEdGspwY dKPwY TNE EIKO- vag, ‘AsBouevou TOU avayAdwpou TE nEpIOx!iG, TO anoTéAEoyA eival o oxnanI- ‘auds eves axavéviorou terpanheipou oro éapog (avekdprnta and To eév n Afwn exer vive xopic orpopés f Ox! Ce Oxon HE TO yewdamKd avoTN- Ho). ‘Opi9g Kae enkdva oe WNgIAKA HOP Eval évag nivaKag (MxN), ond- re npénel va oxnpaticrei éva opBoyevio napaAAnAdypayyo and Tic biapo- P&G AXipax (TOU LEYGAUTEPOU Kal JIKDOTEPOU X) KO! AYinax (TOU HEYAAUTEPOU kal pixporepou Y), T@v YewBamikibv GuvTETayHEVOV THY GKPwV TNC EIKO- ‘vag nou éxouv HerapepBel aro éBa—pos pe ™ CUVErKN CUYYPOHHIKETHTTaG, 1.3.3 ZuvOien ZuyypappiKérqras H ouvéhkn cuyypaypiKérnrac ex@pazer Sri Kara THY @wToyPagiKh AWN Ka8E onjielo A'ToU Ed4@oUG, 1, anNEIKEviGH TOU a GTN @aTOYPAgIa Ka! TO xévrpo npoBodiig O (anpEio Ahn) elvar cuyypaHLIKa. H aKtiva (pwrdg nou ouv8éel Ta Tpia aurd onpeia Eexivde: ané To A nepvdet and To euornya Tav @aKidv oro O Kat Bivei THY e1kéva a GTO PIAL. 01 eBodoeig tag ouvehiKNG CUyypAyIKoTHTAG and Tov xHpo oTHY EKbvO eivar, as ywaorév: (Xe —Mo)Fis +(Ya= (%q=Xo)Far* (Ye Yo)fiz + (Za~Zo) his fo ian + (Zn Zo) Fa Xe=Xo (1a) (Xn =Xo)Fas + (Ya — Yo) Fan + (Za Zo) tes Yee CK Ke) t (Ya —Yo)fba +(Za=Za) 3 18Xoo + 0) ouvrerayyéves rou onpieiou A omny exKéva Xa YarZa + 0) ouvrerayueves Tou anpieiou A O70 £Bap0G XoYore a oroixeia rou eowrepiKod npocavarohoyod XaYorZoW,@.K + 7a oTOXela Tou efwrepiKod NpooavaToAroyoU + 1a oToxeia Tou nivaxa aTpopric R © nivakag orpowig R eivai évac rerpaywvikdg nivakag Siaordoewv 3x3. Ei- vai ouvépron TeV Tpidy Ywvidv @, @, K KAT Tig onoies 6a npénel va orpagei To yewarnxd aoTHHA Yia Vo CULNéoE! Ye TO GUETNUG Tn eIKO- vac, H arpowp) « yiverar nepi Tov dEova TaV X, n OTPOG @ nepi Tov dEova av ¥ Kain oTpO@H K nepl Tov dfova Twv Z. O yeviKds nivaKag orpoHs R anoTEAEI To yivépeVo TaV TpIdV CTOIXEIDBbY nivaKwv GTPOpG NOU EK~ppa- Zouv pia orpog 0 KaBEvaG (Re, Re, Re): Fa fa an (1.2) cosqcosx coswsinx + sinwsingcosk sinwsinx — cosw sing cosk [eos@sink coswcosk -sinasingsinx sinwcosk + cost sing sink sing ~sinwcos@ cosweose Eneidi orig oTpopés Sev loxuel 1 avrIHETaBEnKi) iSidtTa, UioBerelral YEVIKA 1 e&iig oe1pa orpopay (atv onoia Kat avapéperai n EE. 1.2): © para n orpogi} nepi Tov X © 07m ouvéxera nepi Tov Y © Kal TéAOG nepi Tov Z. z Zz z _ xX x Xx Exiysa 1.10. 01 oTpopEs w, @, K nepi TOU, Sfovec X,Y ,Z ae BeEiéaTpOpO ‘ovorna (Méro0, 2000). Enions, 8a npéne! va sival oapés 671 av Exe! NponynBei p10 oTPOPH, 1 End~ evn npayparonoisiral nepi Tov 5n oTpaLHEv GEova Kai dx! TOV aPyIKd.. To Bacixétepo nou 6a npéne: va yvwpite: Kaveic elvai edv 01 crpo@és iva! BeEidorpOwES “h aploTepdaTPODES, GoTE va XPNoIHONoIOUvTal Ta GwoTd npdanuia TeV oTpOpAV. To op@oyivio napaAAnAdypayno éxe1 nAgov opioderijae: Thy opBoquTo- 19ypapia aro é5ap0¢, civai nAjpas npocavaTohioHEve, HE TO Nave apiorend Snwelo TAG opeo~werroypawiag va EXE! «G GUVTETYHEVEG TO Xnin KA! TO Yrae av YewdariKev OUvTETAYHEVOV Tov dKPaV THE Eikbvag NOU UnoAoyiorn- kav HE Thy GUvalKn CUYYPALLIKSTATOG, Em guvéxeia opiferai To yeyeB0¢ TOU Brpatos Ms opo@wroypagiag, n adNidg Ts eSapoUNgIBaG P, (ground element f groundel), ondre n opBo~ uroypacpia éxei Siacracei¢ (AX/Ps Kai AY/P.). 3 ‘opBovtvie napaAAnABypannO opBopwroypapia-cdapoynpibEs 2xtpa 1.44. Tia Ty eniAoyé| Tou peyéBouc Tou pixel npénei va ANgBei UNdyN n KAiyaKa ‘anddoan¢ ts opsopatoypaciag (kaTd KupIo Adyo), ONGG eniong Kal N KAl waka THs apyIKiig eikévac, n avéAuon odpwons TE aPxIKiIG ek6vaG, KpiBela Tov SeBouéveov (\ynplaKxd yovtéAo eBAgous - cToixeia exorepiKo’ al eGwTepiKoU NpocavaToNuo’) Ka! n SiaKpmiKi} ikavéTNTa TOU HaTIOY, | onoia kupaiverar and '/4 éi0¢ "/s Tou xiAioaTou, ©a npénei To ueyebos Tou pixel tTI¢ opBopwroypagiag va eivai HeyaAdTepo and To UéyeB0< TOU pixel ng apxtiig eiKévac, yiarl de iapoperi«t} nepinrawcn n padloperpiKh MAN popopia mg TeAKrg eik6vac €a eivai avagiéniom Ady TAG YPOHBIKMG Na- PeuBOAAG ISiav TOviov TOU yKpiZoU. FeviKbTEpa To LEyeBOS TOU pixel Elva! exzivo nou KaBopize: xara éva Yeyaho wépos Thy aKpiBe1a TA¢ opBopuro- ypagiag, unoBérovrag 671 01 unddoinec napdwerpo! eivai axpiBelc, O1 Texvi- és npobiaypagéc, gra dna éxouv Biapoppweei SieBved< (ASPRS, 1996, Nétoa, 1998), opigouv én n yeyeBuvon m and Ty apyiKh Ekéva npénel va kuualverar wera 3x ~ 8x (ue m = k:ke, dnou 1:k n KAlyaKa TMC apxIKt, exK6vaG Kat 1k, 1 KAIOKA TAG opBopaTOYPApiac), EBapoyNpIda Pe TOU TeNKOU npoTdvtos npénel va eivai < 30% TE anarToGeVNG YEDHETPIKAG aKpiBelag Tou opBopwToxapTn Kal n avAUEN TAG OPXIKiG eikOvaG npénel va avrioroixel a€ pixel p = po/(mx1.5). Ero anjielo aurd yiverar n napeyBoh! TOU KawABou TM¢ op8opwToypaciag Tov KévwaBo Tou ynpIaKoU yovTéAoU EdApOUG, HoTE va uNoAoyIOTE! TO ydperpo mg Kae eSapoynidac. O Kavvafog Tou ynopIaKol yovréAOU eB4pouG eivai évag nivakag KxL, He OToxeia Ta uyepETPA Twv KopUgdv ‘ou kai ye yword Biya D, To onoio opiZerar avdAoya we Thy nuKvéTnTa ‘Tov onuelov nou éxouv yerTpnBei, To avayAupo Tou eBépouG Kal Ye BdoN, Ty eniBwwkdyevn akpiBeia Tou TeAKOU npolévros TMs opopuToypapiac 20(BA. Theodoropoulou, 1997). H Siadixacia rn¢ napeyoAAs, Acinéy, yiverar yia KaGe pixel Eexwp1oTd, via TI yPanUEs Kal yia Tic aT/AEG TOU nivaKa TAG, opBopwroypagiag (Novak, 1992, Kasser & Egels, 2002). H apy Twv aFbveov Ms opBogwroypawiag eival TO Xmin KA! TO Yonex TOV YE abamiKiy ouvreraypévav Tev Gxpwy THs Elkévag nou pETa@pépNKaV oro €5ap0¢ pe THY GUvaHKN GUYYPAPUIKEmTaG, Gpa To NpdTo pixel (1,1) TMs opBopuroypaviag exe! TI¢ aKbAoUdes cuvTETaypEvec, SnOU Py TO HEVEBOS ‘ng ebapoynidag: eve yeviKd 1oxvel Ori: Kea “(on BB) (81-0. (1.3) }-Oe-te. vans toe” Me Tig napandve oxéoeig unoAoyiZovrai 1 opiZovrioypagixé ouvTeTayHe- vec TOY eBapoyngiduv vio Tig YpauHés Kal Tig oTiAEG TMs opBoperoYpa- giag, BeBaia undpye! Kain nepintwon va Nv diaTiBerar whpraKd ovTéAo eB4@OUG yia SAN THY aneiKoviZopEvN NEPIOXA, GAA yia yIKPOTEPA NEpIOX" ‘tg garoypagias, Tére npéne! va So8ei TO apyixd onyeio TIG opeopwTo- ypagiag kai n diadikacia ouvexizerai pe Tov id10 Tpdno. Ta va unodoviorel n axpiBiic opiZovrioypagixi Gon Tou pixel uéoa crov nivaka Tay upoueTpwav Tou wngIaKod povTéAoU eddpouc A TOU anEIKo- wigéyevou avrikeiuévou Kar va yiver n napepBOAA yia Thy ebpEon Tou UWO- uérpou Kd8e edapownidac, xPNaONoIOUvTal o1 SuO anAéc oxéTEIG yIa 1G pixel: pa TM = 12" =integer(y) een (14) v aa => J?" =integer(v) Grou D eival To Biya TOU DEM, (Ix,2,) 01 Beixres Tou nivaxa (KxL) Tav u- ouétpwv Tou DEM Kar (Iv,Jy) 01 Seikteg TeV wngidwv tC diacTdcEDV aa @(uN) opBoparoypagiag (BA. Expo 1.12). (wae) (per are +4) "| pixel (Im Ju) (uv) Tas o/@ DEM (ie +41.) (ip 41,30 +1) xia 1.12. OpKovroypagixs Géon pixel o/p avov nivaxa uouerpwv rou DEM. ‘Eorw Sri o1 Téc TeV Y, V Eival p = 3.4 Kal v = 5.7. Téte o1 TéoOEpIC xopupés HE Ta UpdLETPA TOU WNOIGKOU HOvTéAoU Nou Ba NEpIKAEioUV TO pixel 8a éxouv Tous aKdAouBous SeixtEs (Ix): (ee) = Bs) (erzh+1) = (3,6) (pr +23m) = (4.5) (ipr+1,g+1) = (4,6) Fa va vive n napeuBon Kal va unoAoyioTel To UYSLETpO TOU pixel, Npénel va unoAoyiorel apyiKd | andéoracn Tou Kévrpou Tou pixel and KAGE KOPU- fA Tou KawvaBou nou ro nepiKAelel (EXhHa 1.13): sree as) ‘nou od) = (08°) Ra +1), (12 +2, 30), (U" +t Te 4) To updperpo Tou KdGe pixel nou Bpioxerai evrdc KavvaBou Tou wnpiaKod hovréhou eBagous unodoyizerai TeNKa and Thy EE, (1.6): Ha Ee, “nz (1.6) 6nou (i,j) dn~g nponyoupéveac 22Gi) (ig+1) [(ittd) © Risa ‘Exhwa 1.13. [poppint} napeuBors uyovérpou aro DEM. Npdxerrar yia évav and Tous mio anhodg TPénoUG napEyBoAg UWoHETPOV (uéooc 6p0¢ we Bapn Ta avriorpoga Tov Terpaydvwv Tv GnocrdcEwv) nou Géwpeiral O71 yevikd enopKei via TIC avayKes THg OpBoavay~yng Ka! Xpnoiwonoij@nKe Kai ed. EvadAaKriKa 6a pnopouce va Xpnoonoindel n Texvik TS BiyPanUNKG NaPE_BOAAG. 1 opBogaroypagia ‘Tovol Tou yKpizou ~ xthua 1.24. MopeuBohd wwouérpav ovo DEM. 23nagov elvat Suvari} n LeTapopa Shaw Tv EdapoyNGBwv UE THY oUVEAKN DuYYPABLIKOTTAG OTHY apX'Ki} eik6va, éror doTe va UNOAoYIGTOBY 01 e1KO~ Jovuvteraypéves OAav Tov edapoundidwy (BA. oxéoeic 1.1). Tia Edeyxo, bo npéne! O1 yewbarrixés cuvTeraypéves TwV GkPaV TIC EIKOVas va GULNe- ‘GOUV HE TIG QVTIOTOIXES eikovoouVTETaYHEvEs OTN APXIKf EIKOvG. ‘TéA0G, NPaYHaTONoIeira! n NapEUBOAH Twv Tove TOU YKPIZOU OMY aPXIKi oToypagia (BA. Ex. 1.14). Auré eivar kai To onpavrikérepo wepos Ts BodxKaoiag. H wnpiak eikdva eivai évac nivakag (mxn), &nAaBA Eva api- ‘orepdoTpope GUOTHUA HE ApXh yETp/OEWY TO Ndvw apioTeps UEpOS TNS EI- kévag Kal HE Wovddes HETPNONG Pixel (im,jn)- AEs 01 ESapownpides Exouv avaxGel péow THG oUvAr}KNS GUYYPALLIKSTTAG and Thy opeopwroypagia OmnV OPXIKi) EKOVa Kal, enopevac, n Béon TUG opi~eral cro BeE\SoTPODS ‘uoT|HA THs ApXIKi}G e1kévag HE apXi} To KEvTpO Tng @aToypapiag (EIKOVO- fouvrerayyevec). Onére e8é Snyioupyelrai ro npeBAna: nob Ga yivern na- pevpod#| Tov Tovav Tou yKpizou; Ty Adon dive! © a@IviKbs UETaoXNHGT- Oud¢ NOU HE TOUG GUVTEAEOTEG TOU ETaGyNLATIZe! TO AUOTNUG TwV EIKOvO- OUVTETaYHEVWV CTO GUETHUA THE WnpIAKTIG ExKévaG, ONdTE Ka! NpayyaTo- noieiTal n napeyBodi Tou Tovou TOU yKpiZou yia Thy enavadoTasn TI aaKdvas, Imy evérnra nou axohouse! 6a yive! civroun avapopa crov apiviKd UE- FagxnuaTious ago, énios npoavapépEnke, auTéc anoveAs| cuoTaTIKG [E~ pog TNS diadikaciac napaywyric TAS Wn~pIaKic opeopwToypagiag HE THY e@apHOY! TNS GuVeAKNS oUyyPaHIKoTATAG. 1.3.4 Agivinds Meraoxnuarionés 0 agiikds yeracxnuariouds (BA. avaduriKérepa Kappac, 1998) apopd To o7dB10 TOU EowrEpIKOU NpoavaTONGHOU. AnaiTeiral, Aoindy, © PoOBIOK ouds TOV NaPAHETP@Y TOU ApIViKOH YETaoxnBaTIGNOU YeTOgU TOU OUGTA- aTog Tey eIkovoouvteraypévev (avaAoyIK?) EIKOVG, Kal YeviKO eikbva YE ‘apxi Be&\Sorpopou oucTipaTOG GuVTeTayHEWeY TO KvrpO THC) Ka! TOU uariparos Ta pixel TM wnpiaKiig eikévag (BA. Kat Ex. 1.16). 01 yewnerpixés napdyerpo! Tou apivikod YeTagxnHaTIOHON eiva! oF EBA (Ba. Ex. 1.15): 01 2 perabéoes ty, ty Tou Kévrpou M rng EIKévaG H orpogi} @ rwv akbvev 01 2 KAivaxes Ay, Ay kaTS Tou BEovES x kal y. H andxhion € Taw afévav and my KaBerérnra. at n waBnyariei oxéon nou neprypdgel Tov apiviKé HETaoxnHOTIOHS eival: x=, (cos6 + esin0)x'+ Asin y +t, =A, (-sin€ + ec0s8)x’'+A,cos®y' +t, 2) 24Exthua 1.15. ApiviKés ueraoxnvariouss. ‘Ané mic un ypayiKés ~ wg npo¢ Tig yewouETpIKéc NapayErpouG TOU apiviKOU peTaoxnpariopou - EE, (1.7) npoKinrouv o1 ouviiGEIG YpaHHIkés ~ @¢ NpOG Tous ahyeBpiKous ouvreheatés a, bi, ¢|- EE, (1.8): x=ax+dy+G x]_[a EE] joueineel > tl [ belly} Le. ay Ta Tous é€; apiviKols ouvreAcorés a, by, G (I = 1,2) 1oxdouv npopavans 01 oxéoaic: a b, =A,sine 7 ae b,=Acos8 i em 01 avriotpopes e&iowoxic Tou agiviKod peTaoXnVATIOLOU Eivar: x 1 [by -al[x-¢ rl aca a Ily-% G0) Ev npokeipévw, via THY UeTaTpONA Tw GUVTETayHEVwY and To cUoTNYA Twv eIKOVOOUVTETAYHEVAY GTO GUOTNYG THE WNGIOKIG eKOvaG, o1 EE. (1.10) nalpvouv my yopgi 25 orJedxrey +f ladyx +ex¥ +f (tty énou a-—% = 5, -3ea=bis ab, - a,b, ab, ~ a,b, ab, 2:0, (1.2) le ee f= GAS D2 ab, ab, - ab, D2 - 20, ‘Fray, Aoinév, Ta S40 ovoTipara cuvééovTar We EB ayvwores apiviKés na- panérpous (1, bi, Ci, &, bz, G). Tia Tov UNOADVIONS Tous anarTouvral onpeia ue yvworés cuvteraypiéves, Kai ora BU0 cuCTApaTA. KAGE onLEio Bivel S40 eHo@oec, dpa xpeldZovrai TouAdxicTov Tpia opel. Ma 4 pieia, 0 BaBL6¢ EdeUBeplac civai: 8 eEadoeiG - 6 napdyerpoi = 2. Ta onpeia nou xprawonoiobvrat éivai Ta exkovooiyaTa Tw onoi@y oF eikovoouvT: ‘raypéves civar ywworés, Erar, éxovrag yvworés Tic cuvTeTay}éves oTO ov: ornua (x, ¥) TH¢ pwroypagiag, yivovrar yeTpAoEi¢ ora avrioroIxa on) foro cuornya (i,j) TE WNpIOKIG eIkdvaG Ka! UNOhoyiZovTa! oF dyvworo! ouvreAeoréc, Emy nepinriacn nou undpxouv nepioobrepec napamnphoels ‘and Tic avaykaies, yiverar cuvépBwon Ye THY HEBOGO TwV EAaxioTwV TE rpayavev. H pé8080g Tov ehaxiorav Terpaydvev Baoizerai oro éri Ka8e LETPNON Eival ennpeaouévn and éva Tuxaio pada v. Edv éxouv npayyaronomnéel n ye- ‘phoelc, To d@poigya Twv TErpayovey Tw GPAAYGTwY ToUG npEne! va Eivar ehaxioro: Qevi titty? = min To ouornya tev eRodoeev napaTipnans eiva ts HOPOAG L-v=Ax (1.13) énou yia m naparnpodyeva onpeia Web i % Ya Xm Yall (asa) elvai To SiGvuopa Tav yvworiy EikovoouvTeTaypévav, V=[Me Yu Ye Veo Yad’ (ats) ivar To Siévuoua TeV Evanopevvrwy opAdYETY TOV EikoVooUVTETaYHE~ vov, 26_— dik osor ore onon ° ° hone alo ooh b (1.16) inp 1000 00 in by 2 ivar 0 nivakag oxebiaqyot Kar xT=fa by Gy & b, Gl (1.17) ivar To Savoy Twv ayvaorav. 01 kavovikés e&sowoeIG via Tov npoaBiopIoHS Tew é& napapErpwv Sivovrar ‘and 1 oxéon: WAX@ATL > Nx=u (1.18) kai n Avon eivat x=(ATA)‘ATL=NAU (1.19) Mera Tov unoAoyiGus Tou diavdoyaros x TeV ayviborwy ouvTedeoTéoy and ‘nv EE, (1.19), unodoyigerar ané hv Ef, (1.13) Kal To S1avuoya Twv evano- pEvévTev opaApérov ws veL-Ax (1.20) ka®tic Kat 0 nivaKag HeraBAnTérnTac-ouLHETaBANTérnTag TeV ayvioTeV, obppova pe THY oxéon, Vy = RN (4.21) ‘Omou gy Elvai To TUNIKd OPaAYA TG Heva5ag Bapous nou Sidera! ow (1.22) 27loo xtiua 1.16. H oxéon yeroki wv ovoryérev avahoyiKrc Kar wnpIaKiic EIKOVOG 1.3.5 Or wé90501 napeypoars (01 pé80801 napeyPoNig TOU xP~wLANKO’ TovOU NOU xeRaHONOIoLVTa! eivar (BA. Wang, 1990, Méroa, 1998): n yéB0B0q te nAnaorepns yerrvicons (nearest neighbour), n Siypauyik napepBoN (bilinear interpolation) Kat n ‘ixuBik nopeBorA (bicubic interpolation). Ta Tav eniAoyi| KaGe Popa TS KaréANnAng He6d60u, 89 npénei va EXoULE UNdWN HAG Tig duvaTéThTEG TOU unoAoyionKot ouct}aros nou 8a xpraponoinéei Kai Ty epapHoyh via THY ‘onoia npoopigerar, Hn napepBody nAnoiéorepng yerrviaons (nearest neighbour) H napepBora mAnaarepns yerrviaans udonoieira: we TA oUBLETOX! Liag ovo eikovoungpibac, Kara 1m wéB050 auTi} evtonizerai orny apyiKi eix6va to pixel Nnou Bpioxerai nio Kovrd oni¢ ouvteraynéves (x, y) TOU on- Liciou P, BnAaBih Tag Beans exeivng nou exer NpOKIWEI «wos avTigToIXn TOU kévtpou Tou pixel ms opSoparoypaciac. TediKd To pixel TG TENKAG e1kd- ‘vag naipvei tay Tip Tou Tévou Tou yKpI nou éxei To pixel N TAG apxIKitG. 9(P)=9(N) X= INT(x+0.5) (INT: axépat Ye=INT(y+0.5) (INT: axéparo époc) (1.23) Npdkerrar yia mv nio andi) yEB050 napeyBOAAG Kai Bewpeirar n ni0 anoTE- Azquanxi, dov apopa To xpévo uNdAoYIGLOU, epoov anarTel udvo jlo pag yi va enireuxGel. Eneidi dev peTaBSAAel THY Tih TOU Tovou TOU ‘¥«pl, SnAadi} 01 Tues nou anodide: Sev eivai npoldvra napEuBOAAG, xenaI- Honoieirar cuvi@ac drav xpeiéera: va SiampnBodv Aenrés Siapoponoih- ‘81g croug Tévous aurobs, 28(,j+1) g(H41,j+1) “Exhua 1.17. H ueB0d0¢ me nAnoréarepns yerrviaons. H napeuBoni mAnatéorepne yerrviaong eiodye! éva piKpd o@AAYA oT VEO ‘ix6va Snploupydvrac B6pUBo Kar ‘oBovrwTEs’ GxpEG CTO avTiKeievo nou anexxovigerat, iiairepa oe nepirmaaeig xauNA‘G avaduons. Era, Exe xa- HNAA yeauerpiKh aKpiBela Ye Ueyioro ~PAAYA #0.5 pixel, GANG Bive! IKavO- oinriké anoTeAEquaTa Ge HEVaAEG avOALOEIG, Bn Srypaypixi napepBoAd (bilinear interpolation) H Siypappikh napeyBoAA Udonoieiral ue Th GULLETOX! 2x2 eKKovoyngidav. Kara 11 8050 aurh evroniZovrat crnv apyiki} eixdva Ta Téogepa nAnaé- ‘orepa pixel onic ouvrerayéves, (x, y) ™¢ Beans P nou eivat avrioroixn TOU kévrpou Tou pixel Tn¢ TEAIKiIg elkOvaG, H Tips Tou TvoU Tou yKpiZou nou anoxra TEhiKa To pixel TG OpBopwTOYPARiag NpOKINTe! and TOV KEVTpO- Bapiké E00 dpo Tav avtioToIXwV TIHGY TeV TeDDpaV yerTovIKiY pixel. Ta Bépn unodoyigevrar, Kard ni SievBdvoEIG x Kal y, BAGE! THE TPIYWVIKIG ‘ouvdprnang Tou Exipatos (1.18) we eff w(x)=t-x, Osix{st wy=t-y, Os|yjst 23) ‘Ané tay Ef, (1.23) kai To ZX. (1.18) npokiinrel 6ri W(X,)=1-Ax, W(X2)= Ox, w(y:)=1-dy, W(y2)=y (1.24) Ax =x-INT(x), Ay=y-INT(y) 29Exthya 1.18. H ue8050¢ ™M¢ diypawumrig napEyBONC. TedKids, 0 Tévos TOU yKpIZoU yia To P 6a Elva: (P) = (1-Ax)(1- Ay) afi, 3) +(1 - Ox) Ayal j+4) + +0x(1~Ay)g(i+ 1,4) + dxbyg(|-+1,3+1) (28). Opoias, nopel va neprypawer Kaveic my SiypaypnKi) apEyBOAH ws To a~ novéAegua Tn ‘ouvEAIENG’ HeTaEL Tou napaBipou Twv Tespa pixel Kar evic nivaxa Bapdv: o(?)=Gew= ESalirk-1.541-s)(k) nou a alli) a(t-5+4) o(+1,3) ofi+1,5+1) w ed | (1.26) w(2it) w(2,2) w(1,1)=w()w(ya) w(1,2)= w(x) W(¥2) w(2st)=wa)w(¥) w(2,2)=w(>4) (Ye) H enavaotoraon mg eikévac We auTi) 17 yéB080 Exe! wg ouvensia Ta av- kelueva tng TeAKt}c exKOvaG va nopoumidzouv opaAdTATA oTIG aKYEG, GE O- vrideon ye To anoréAeaya nou dive n weBoBoc Tg NAnoréorEpns yerrvia- ong. H Siypayyiei) napeyBodA evar, BéBaia, mio GnarrnrikA and exeivn, BeBopévou ér1 npobnoBErer nEpoddTEpoUG UNOAEyIOLOUG yi va EniTEuxBei (8 npoo8éaeic-noAAanAaoragyol). EninAgov, HeToBAAAEI Ta apxiKa deboué- Va Kal peiévei Tig S1apopEs Twv Tove TOU YKPIZoU e*pdcov AUTO! NpOKL- Touv ag uéo0g Spog Twv yerroviKéy Tipkbv Tous (Néroa, 1998). 30ln SiKuBiKh uveAiEn (bicubic convolution) Tia Tav epapyoyih Ts SiKuBKiG napeUBohig anarrsira: oULLEToXA 4x4 eKO- vownpidav. Er nepintwon auth evroniZovrai oTay apxiki eikéva Ta 16 pi- xel nou Bploxovrat nio KovTd oT1G ouvteraypéves Tg @éon¢ P(x,y) nou evar avticroixn Tou Kévrpou Tou pixel Tg TEAKI}G eik6vaG. H TILA Tou Tévou Tou YKpI NOU anoKrd TEAKG To pixel TRC opBoqaToypagiag npoKinTE! and TO uéoo épo, pe uid mid obveern Siadixagia uNoAoyiqyou Bapdy, Tw avticroI- X@V TIDY TeV 16 yerroviKdy pixel. Exthwa 1.19. H ué8000¢ me GixuBiKihs napEUBONc. EG Ta Bépn unodoyigevrar we Ty BoABeIa mg KUBIKAG cUvdproNG (Spline) rou 2x. 1.19. H ueB030c aur eEaopaAize! 6ri oF akues Twv avri- keiuévav nou anerkoviCovrar dev 8a NapouCIAzoUV TeAIKG oXedov Kai G~ vaoania. H SikuBixi) napepBoAt elvai mio noAUNAoKn and Tic 3u0 nponyou- eves ye86Bous (via Tic oxé0EIC UNOACYIOLOL Tw Bapdy BA. Néroa, 1998) kat anarrel axdya nepiocétepous unodoyiovoug (110 npooBécEIG-noAAa- MAacragyoi). Aiver, BEBaia, To KaAUTEpo anoTéAEcHA. 1.4 H axpiBeia ths opBo@wtoypagiac H axpiBera ™¢ opSogwToypagiag eEaprérai and noAAous napdyovres, nou © Ka8évag pe Tm BapuTATé Tou ennpedtel To TEAK anoTEAEHA. 1.4.1 Mpocavarohopoi Karapxac, Ta ororxeia nou xpnowonoiouvrar yia thy napaywyi} TI< opBo- eToypapiag sivai o eowTEpIKds Kai oO EEWTEPIKdG NPOOAVATONOLOS TG Opxikiig eikévac, nou €xouv npoKtwel and Thy OAOK\YIpwan Tg Siadixaciag ‘TOU aeporprywviouol fh TNs on\aBoTopiag Kai a Npéne! va Elvar OKpIBA, an 2980 } £aAveD.1.4.2 Wnpiaxd povrého eBépous ‘© onuavrixérepoc napaywv elvar nq axpifela Tou ynglaKou Hovréhou e5a- (gous, énou avaAoya HE Thy nuKvoTATa THY UYOLETPIKDY OnElov npoodI~ $a Koi MY avdAoyn axpiBeia oTnv opBoqwToypagia, Tia oNaAd eSa—n Xw- pig évtoves HETOBOAG UWoLETPOV Kal androUEC KAIGEIG xpnoHONoIetra: Gnpiake yovrého TeTpayaviKoD KavwABou (raster), eva yia nepioxés YE dvroves HETBOAEG UWOHETPOV KaI andTOHES aANayes King xPnaIHONO al BIVYOLCTIK® WnpIaKs Yovrédo (TIN) nou éxei npoéABe! and Ty E1ca- Yorn ka! ypopev aouvéxeiag (breaklines), az © +tana ° ar= 2oz~Lartana > OR = a: yavvia Kiang eBépouc amy Siet@uvon OP a>0: kAion edaipouG npog Ta névar ‘a>0: xAion edépoUG npos Ta KGre —_ © + tanacosB ° @: ywvia uéyiomne Aion B: yasvia era&i OP ar dieu vane yéyioms KAions a>0: kAion edap0uG npog ra ndveo >t mn Zutwa 1.20, Epdhva opboparoypawiag Abyas avayAtxpou (Kraus, 1993). R= 32Th peyaAdTepn axpifela Ga Nopoiice va NpooBAoE THY oPCogToYPA- pia éva DTM Té00 nuKvé dare va avioroixel ce KAGE pixel Ia THA UWO- Hétpou Z. Aurd dyt0¢ Sev pnopel va enrreuX@ei Ge napaywyiKd nEpiBEAAOV kal He Aoyikd Kdoro<, ondre dE KABE Bon X Kal Y THC ebapoyndidac 8a npénel va anodo8ei pia Tip UWoUerpoU Z nou npoKinTel TEAK HE NapEL~ BoA} upoLeTpoU TeV pixel oro DTM. Enoyéwuc, eKTdc and To npopavéc E- PATA oyETIKa LE THY aKpiBEIO TwV idiav TwV UWOKETPWV (oMHEPA N GeO- ToYPAHLETpIK’) aKpiBela GUAAOYIAG exripdra! nepi Ta 0.1%0 HE 0.2% TOU ‘yous Aron), anogacionixtig onHaGIaG eivai To NdO nioTs nEpIypa~poUV a updpeTpa auTé THY NpayyariK enipdveia (BA. ISM, 1998). va onHavTiKs arpadya Nou NpoKEnTe! OMY NapaYwyA THE OPEO@TOYPA- ag eivai o1 "vexpéc nepioxéc”, SnAaBH} 01 nepioxés now dev @aivovrar orn paroypapia efartiag tng “extponrig Adyw avayAdpou", nx. TexviKd Epya, ‘SévTpa GAG Kal anéTOLES HETaBOAgs TOU avayA@OU (BA. Ex. 1.20). Av TO wn@iaKd yovréAo eBSGoUG Tg nEpIOXrig KaAUNTE! aUTEG TIG NEpIOXéG TOTE N exdoTore edapoynpida Ga anoxtihoe! To avticToIKo UydLETPO LEW TIC YpaHIKG NapELBoAr<. O1 ouvTeTaypéves X,Y,Z TG GuyKEKpINEvNg ESago- wnepidac éow Tg oUveAiKNS GUYYPOHUIKETHTaG 80 HETAMPATOLV GE E:KO- voouvreraypéves (x,y) Kai Héow TOU apiviKOU HETAGxnHETIOLOU GE pixel (ij), Gore va dpe n edapoyngida Tovo Tou yKpiZou Nou oTny Npayan~ kérnra npoépxerai and Ako avmikeiyevo THC eikévaG, Ee ouri Tn nepinta- on 01 ouyexpipévec, nepioxés npénel va avtixaBicravrai and uépn d\Awv eikévev, énou npdyyari aneiKoviZovral. To ouUNepagya elvar nig via vo afjonoin@ei oddkAnpn ula opBopeToypagia Bev npéne va undpxouv nepioxés nou Sev paivovrar (anoKpuweic), NAGS! n Exon Adyw ava- YAugou npénei va eivar noAY pIKPA. 331.4.3 @caroypapiei unxaviy Axon, onpavrikd pddo ni Zein unxava we Thy onoia verai n AAWA TG eKdoroTe ‘eixévac, Kat piAdvrag yia T9 (paToypapiKrh Unxavi}, evvoei aveig Kuplag ty yewerpia Tou paKou, SnAad} nx. Tv Biapopd evs gaKod eupu- Yaviou, © onoiog Snyioupyel peydAn akniviki napapoppw- ‘on oe oxéon we évav Kavovi- 6 paxd f évav THAE@AKE. H enidoyh Tou @aKou nou 6 Xpnayonoindel oe ia AYN ekoprévai gueca ané 7h xph on Tou napayouevou npoibv- Tos, Mnopei edxoAa va yivet ula) auyKpion peTaEL cepo- aroypapidy nou éxouv for- mat 23. x 23. cm? Kal mpoépxovrar and @paKous He 1 = 100 mm, ¢; = 150 mm alc = 300 mm. Avédoya loxouv Kal we ia epaciTe- wie unxavi. AMX. bikpol rmat we SracréceiG apyan- fox | 36 x 24 mm? kai (po- — ous ne ¢ = 28 mm, 50 mm Byiya 1.21, Fiyrpion av eonoxév Kai 125 mm. a WV Ta @aKiiv (© TmAepaKds npoopéper eikdves HE HIKPr ExTpONT Adyw avayAL@oU, avridera ue évav eupuyovio @aKs, aAAa o BeLTEpos enipéne pIKpEG KAi- uaxes f, via ites KAiNaKes, uiKpétepec anoordceic Afwns. Apa n eniAoyl) ‘mg uinxaviig yivera! avaAoya ye Th xpijon Tou TEAIKOU npoidvrog Ka! Thy ‘oxpiBe1a TN opBogwroypagiac. AuTovénto eival rig weydda format é- XoUy, yevikd, onpavriké nAgovexTiwara. [a napdBeIyH10, edv pa nEpIoxh Kohup6ei pe exdvec SeBouevns KAIuaKas, 0 apiOudg exelvav HE yeyaAuTE- [po @opyar a eivar piKpbrEpoc, AVAOYA, 1510G OpiOHeG EKOvWV duvEnd- ‘eral weyaAdrepn KAipaka Tav eikéva and ynxavi HeyadoU popHar. 1.4.4 KAipaxa op8operoypagiag Evac a\Aog noAd Baoikés napayovras eival q entAoyéi Tn KAiNaKaG tng Op- Bopwroypaiag nou unayopedera! and Thy xorjon THs. Npopavedc, 800 mio evaAn eivar n kAiwaxa andBoan¢ T800 ni aUoTHPA eival Ka! Ta KpITAPIC hou npéne: va An@Bobv uNdwh KaTd TN diadiKaia TNG Napaywyg TNS Op- Soparoypapiag Kai Téc0 mo piKpd npénei va Eival TO WéyeBoc Tn Edaqpo- 34wnpidac. And Thy GAN EPI, Snes éxe! EnlonLaveei, n KAiaKa TNS opBo- puroypapias Gérel nepiopioyoUs Kai GTN KAIvaKG TOV APXIKAY EIKOVODv. 1.4.5 Eaparis Eniong évag ooBapé¢ napayovrag éivar_n open TE apxiKiic @wroypa- inc, ower! EniAoysh TNC avdAUONS aépwonc, dniaG Ka! N| NoISTNTG TOU caparh. To cvoTnya avagopac, To onvio avagépovral 0 ouvreTayHeves Twv sikovoUNgIdaV THE WHpIONOINHEVNG @wToypadiac, opiteral and Tov caparh. Tia 70 Adyo auTd éxouv iSiaitepn onHaoia Ta cuoTnyaNKa ‘opaAuara (KaraoKevaorixés aréAsiec), éncac n WeTaBON} Ts KAINOKaS TOV ‘Ebvo x, y Kal NUN KaBerSrnTa TOV akbvev. H avninErdnion auTdV TOV ‘opahyarov enruyxaverat ye Thy BoBHOVsLNON TC GUOKEUFIC dpwans Ka HE Tov Npoodiopiqud TOU KOTAAANAOU HOBAYaTIKOU LovTéAOU. H axpiBeia Tou npoddiopiqyol TwV Nopayérpwv Tou PABnHaTIKOD HovTEAOU eEapTéra! ané Thy axpiBeia Tv HeTp/}OEDY TwV EIKoVOoUVTETaYHEVI. Edy ja wngiaxt e1kéva nepiéxe! Eva andAuTo apaAya CapeTh 0.33xPS, TO- ‘Te Ta o*paAyara onc EikovooUVTETaypEvES (x,y) Ga Eivar (ISM, 1998): (cy) = \(0.33xPs)? +(0.33xPs)? =40.47xPs (1.27) Ps: n Sidora0n exovown@ibac Edy To opéAya Tou capwTh expaieral wo péCO TeTpaywriKd oPAAYG (RMSE), Tore To OPAAYA KanoIwY GNYEI@V GTOV xdpo Tn¢ EIKOvas Nope! va race! Eas Kal 3xRMSE (=1.41xPs), Me AAa Adyia, éva RMSE Tou caper, 0.33«Ps unopei va éxe1 Gav anoréAccua o@aAyaTa nou KupGivovral and To 0.47xPs exp Kal TO 1.41xPs (xOvOpIKG 0.5xPS éwG 1.5xPs) (BA. Fewpyd- ouAas, 1998). 1.4.6 EpdAyara emovoouvreraypévioy Ze KAGE geoToypoppErpIKi} BiadiKacia eivai avayKala n WrpnoN EIKovooUy- Teraypévev x,y. O1 napampodpeves eikovoouvreraypéves xpelaCerar va Uunoatouv diopedceic cuoTHHATIK‘Y GPAALETwY NOU BnIoUPyouY anoKAi a1G and To WaBnyATiké WoVTéAD TNE KEVTPIKAIG NPOBOAAG, SNAadA anoKhi- gai and Thy op8A Bon (Anwax aur uNayopeverai and To yovréAO TS KevTpikiig NPOBOANC) Tw ONysiov omy eiKéva. O1 anOKAicEIG TwV EIKOVO- onpeiav and Tv opr} Bon TOUG opeiAovTa! Ge OPEAYGTA TOU PaKOL, TOU opydvou érpnong ouvTeTayHévev 1) TOU opyavou adpwons TeV eIKoVIOV kai oTnv napaLdppwGn TOU GIAK, NOU O@EIAETAI oTiG aTHOCpAIPIKEG OUV- @hkes Kara Thy OTIYHA Ts AfWNG, GAAG Kal THY SiadiKadia eupavion TOU (Maria, 1991). Mepiké ané Ta G@éAyara aura (ra ypayLIKa) anaAgi@ov- Tai Kard THV BiddiKagia Tou apivikod YETaOXNYGTOYOL. BaoKKi) andKAlon and To WanaTkS povrédo TG KEVTPIKTIG NPOBOAAG napouadceral drav o1 ontikés axrives nou KaTeUuBdvovTa! NpOG TO @IAY anoKAivouv and my EU- @uypapLN nopeia. H andKAon auTh Heyaddver 600 anoLaKpuVdyaGTE and 70 eikovoKEvTpo (M) Kal oelAerar, KupiWG, OTH aKniviKi| BiacTPO@A TOU aKOU. AAO! Adyo! andKAIONG and To HaBNWGTIKs YovTEAO eival n KYNE Aoon Tav onmiKdv aktivey Adyw aTHOGPAIPIKAG S148AaaNs Ka! _N KOU AéraTA TNS yNG. 35 eee eeLA6.1 Axrivixt Siaorpopih exbicérepo, 1 aKrivixi BiaoTpO@! ennpedZel my YEwHETpIKA Béon Tey EI~ Godov, ¥IG To Abyo GUTO eAaTTOver Thy yEwHETpIKH MioTéTTITa Tn¢ E1KbvaG oy MY OKPIBEIO TAY @wTOYPOPLETPIKOY Epyaaidy. Aiapépe! and onLEIO te onueio, HE anoréAeoya n eixéva evés eninéSou va jv nepouordte! Ora~ Sep HEVEBUVON, NpOKAAdVTAG GURLETpIKI YETaTéNION TeV eIBdADV and ov onrikd dfova (Mnavréxac, 1980). H gare axtiva nou Biépysrar and ro oUoTnYa Tey paKiby Sev napopéver ‘ge eudela Ypoypi) He anoTéAcqNa Thy GAAayA| TMs KAiong THg ws NOG Tov Gove TOU Paxou Kal, Ouveneia auto’, Ty HETaTSnion Tg ang TOU eI- B@dOU Mav GTO apvNTKd. H napaysp@wen TNE akrivac o@ElAETa! OIG emipaveies Tv @aKdv nou nposeyyizouv Tig OpalpiKés GANA dev Elva, HE ‘onoréAeoua Thy aKTIviKA| Kar GULLETPIKA| NopAHOPGWEN TAG PuTEIViG AKT vac. H akTiviK Siaorpo@! Ar eicdyel pla WeTOBOA? KAiyaKag nou elvar evi~ dia via KABe axTivixi| andcraon rand To NpwTEov anHeio oTHV Eik6va Kal gival ouvdpTon auriig T¢ aknvikrig andaraons Fr. Meyandvel 8 600 aU Favei n akrivikt anéoraon r rou anjeiou, dng eniong eivar yeyaAurepn, 00 karéTEpN eival n no\srnTa TeV PaKeY THE HNXavAG. O1 eupUydvio! (gaxol RapoUaa~ouv UeyaAuTEpN axriviKi Slacrpo@H and 6,71 01 KavOViKO! ea) 01 MAE@POKO!. H 5:p8aen auTod TOU GUETnHaTIKED G~PAAYATEG yiveTal HE TO aKdAUeO okudvuyo neprrrod Basyou, To onoio anoTeAel Ka! THY HaRNHaTIKA &K- paqN TAG aKTIViKiIg SiaoTPODNG: Br = kor + kit? + kat? + a (1.28) énou F eivai n aKrivikh anéoraon ané To npwretov onpeio ms EIKEvaG Kar kay kx, Key «= lvat 01 uvredearés TMs BiaoTpopG NOU Sivovra! and Tous karaoxevaorés fi, orig un perpiKés pnxavés, npéne! va unodoyioTouy and tov xphiom. Grav, Kard my BaBuovounan TS UNXavAG, A aKTIViKr bia- orpogr unodoyizerar yaw ue TAY GTaBEPd TOU PaKOd c, GTO noAUdvULO ‘mg EE, (1.28) dev oupnepiAayBaverai o npdros (yPaHHIKeS) dpos, a~pou n enidpaoh tou anoppopéra: ané ro c. = xF +Y Yo” (4.29) H diacrpoph Ar avaAderal Ge oUVIGTébGEG Ax Kal Ay, HE TIG onoies d10pBd- vovrat 01 elkovoouvrerayyéves x Kal Y: (245) =x = (x=) 2B Og (tee? et) (1,30) (¥-¥e)-Ay=(y=y9)- PIE yay, (tr kat—) Teuikd, ong perpixés pnxavéc n eniSpaon TI< aknvikiig diagrpogiic Sev Val yeyadn. ‘Eror, Ty AayBavouve uNdWN Hag oTI¢ Epyaoies Grou anaI- Touvral WeyGAEs axpiBeleG. Eng un Bayovopnpéves pnxavés Spwo, Kar 3613ieag cToUC EupUydvious PaKouG, 1 SioTPO@A NoPE! va nape! NOAL Ueya~ eg Ties, H d16p8wON TNS aKTIMiKiig SiaoTpOBNC yiveTaI GTO GTaSIO TOU eWTEPIKOL nPocavaroAHO’, NOU apopA THY NEpIYpap!| THs YEWHETPIaG, ng S€ouns TM KAGE eIKdvaG HE TOV KGBOPIOHO TOU HOVTEAOU TNS KEVTpI- Kijg npoBoArg nou neprypapei my yewerpia Ms LNxavis (Méroa 2000). 1.4.7 NapepBoar ‘Ona avapépOnke kar nponyoupEvws n aKpiBera Kat n noiérATa TAG OpBo- geroypapiag eapraral Kai and Ty eniAoyh TNs nopEnBodig Tou Tevou ‘Tou ykpigou (ué60501: nAnoiéorepou yeirova, SypapyiK} # SiKUBiih). 1.4.8 Apivixés peraoxnpaniopés ‘AAAa oroixeia aKpiBe1ag nou npéne! va A@BouV UNdyn Kara THY BiadiKa~ cia TAG napaywyiic Ts opBogeToypagiag Eiva! KaI 01 NapaTMPAGEIG Tw EI- KovoonyéTev yia Thy UAoNoinan To agIviKOY HETaoXNHATIONOL, nou eivat ‘avaykaio va oxoneuTouv pe Heyahn axpiBeia npoKeivévou TeNKa | napey- BoAd Tou Tévou Tou yKpizou va vive o™n ower? Béon. 37 bt goP 4.5 Mapaywyr| opBo@uwroypagias HE ayECO ypayLIKO peraoxnyarione ~ DLT 1.5.1 O dpEec0s ypapmiKds peTaoxnHaTIoH6s 0 duE005 ypaLUIKés HETaoxnHaTIOBds (DLT) eK~pace thy NPOBOAIKA oxé- fn eIKOVGG Kal TpIOBidoTaTOU xé»pou, [Gow 11 napayérpwv L: LUXFLY+LZ+ly LX+LgY+L,Z+Le - LX +L j¥ +L ,2+1 LX+ bY tyzer 34) ornapandves yaBnyanKés eodoer¢ unopodv va npoKuwouv and yeTarpo- ni Tov e&jodoewv THs aUveAKNS OUyyPAHHIKoMTaG. Me Tov dues ypoH {é ueraoxnyaTioud unopobuE va UNAOYiGOULE Tov EowrEpIKe Kal TOV E&~ TepIKé NPOOVETOAIOUS IAG EIKBVAG (oy Yor Cy Xor Yor Zor @, ®, K), 6NOU O1 11 nopdperpor (L)) Tou DLT eivar Kar’ apxdg ywworés cuvaprijoers auTév Tov apxiktov 9 napayErpav. To BoorKd nAEovéKn}a TOU DLT eivai é71 ouv- Béer TOV 3D Xdpo Kal TY 2D eIk6vG, HE TiG napaTnproEIG EnovoouvTeTay- pevev va ouveéovral dyeca Ue Ta avricroixa onueia Tou xdpou xwpig va Eivat anapaimto va yiver apiukés eTaoxnpanioyéc, SnAGBA Ta e1kovoon- isa unopouv va éxouv perpndel de onoi0d/\nore adoTHHG, akOYO Kal exEi Yo TG WNgIaKi¢ eIkévas, 1" aurév Tov AdyO To DLT evdehkvuTa! yia ano- Booeic and epaarrexvixéc pnxavés, 01 onoiec, wg rvacrdv, éxouv dyvwoTo eowTepiKd NpocavaToAIoUs Kai Sev BiaBéroUv eikovooTyaTa, Ue anoTéAE- ‘10 0 opioyds TOU oUCTHHGTOG Twy EIKovOgUVTETaYHEVeY va Eival oBé- Baiog (Aeppavns, 1991, Kappac, 1998). Emy nepintwon nou Gewpnéei dr: o DLT nepiypage! juia auoTNpA KevrpIKA pOBOAA 1 napandve eBowoeG eivai 1oobUvaHEC YE TIG eEjadoeI¢ TG OUV- Bheng ovyypaypiKérnTAG Ka! oF 11 GuvTEAEOTEs L; Eval anoKAEIOTIKG U- vopTioeig TeV 9 croixelaav Tou eowrepiKou Kal Tou EEwTEpIKOU NpoCavaTO- Hmyod. Av. Aondv, ouadonoinBobv omy cuveKA oUyyPALLIKETNTAG oF napayovreg Twv X,Y Kal Z, TOTE o! GuVTeAEaTés Tou dyedoU ypaLpIKoL staoxnuaTiouol pinopoby va Ex@pacTouy 196: uae) tan Vea) ut walt tye tas) tog yan) Cas Ws) tie (4.32) LX +LY LZ) aH th +h%) Bee ttaYotfate) Ta To npwrevov onpelo 1oxde!: (2.33) 38Kal yia Thy GTaBEpd TOU PaKou TOU Pakou Eival: a6 HG He 3 eth GK UE z (1.34) 0 efforepixdg npocavarohioyss ivai: (1.35) sx actan{ Stal) Ota =L) Xe E] z. To yewperpixd npdBAnua T™¢ KEVTPIKAg NBOBOAAG éxe! 9 NapayErpoUs Ev ‘To ya8nyanixé yovréAo Tou DLT éxei 9 + 2 cuvresorés, Ee auTd To oni npoxinrel wia Siapopd duo BaBydv EdeuBepiac Kai Gd npéne! va 1oXLOUV duo deopedoers, Eivai ot uo cuveKes C, Kai C2? Kai: Le Le 1 (1.36) id t bob by bie bs Geld Habe Lab VL Ha tad ao bab Mlats tao tah)=9 1.37) = (Got 18 ENG +o Ha) ity balay Lately tLelao +Ldan)=0 52) 01 Su0 auTés oUVOrKEs IoOSUVAPOUV HE PNSEevioud Twv Suo a~iviKov na- payoppdaewy, SqAadi Ts Stapopag KAiLaKaG Kai TNs uN opeoywviKETN- Tag Twv akéveev (Kappac, 1998). 1.5.2 Mé800g napaywyiig opBopwroypapias we DLT To mAeovéxrnua Tou yedou ypaywiKod peraoxnHaTiHod eivai ér1 pnopel va xpnayonoinsel yia THY napayeyh yn@IaKi¢ opPopwroypapiac and E- paorrexviké unxavéc, BnAadh UNxavés ue dyvwoTo EowTepIKd npocavaro~ Aous Kai xwpic exkoVoowara. Kai auTd yiori, nus avanrUx6nKe ory nponyouuevn evornra, n epappoyh Tou DLT npounobére! anddg Thy ywe- on TwV 11 NpoBoArKdy ouvreAcoTdv L, Ka! dx! Tov 9 nopaHETPwY THK KeVTpiKiig MPOBOAAG. O cuvTeAEcTEs AUTO}, aKPIBidG EneibA NEpIYPGpoU ‘Thy NpOBONKi oxéon UETAEL erkévag ka! 3D xdPou, EuMEpIeXOUY KAI TIC o- @ivikés napayérpouc, ondre To oTAdIO TOU agiViKOU HETAOXNHaTIOWOU Sev givai MAgov anapairnro. Ero, unopody va xpnoonoinBov aneuBeiag o1 hetpiioeig Tov exkdvev oF pixel, via napédelyya, H nopela, Aoinév, ‘axddouen: 39Exdnevon wTooTaBepdy oTNV Eikdva, TOUASyIOTOV 10 vid IKavonoI- irik) axpiBeia, Kai eniAuon Tou DLT. Opioyds THg NEpioxii¢ yia Napaywyt opGopwroypagiag (opoydvio napaAANASYPAYLO), Gnd Tn Siapopa TOV CUvTETaYHEVIY X THY Par~ ‘ooroBepdv (AX = Xmax - Xmin) Kai 7 diapopd Twv oUvTETaY- pévav Y Twv paroorasepay (AY = Ymax - Ymin) A eniAoyi| nepio- xfic eyaAdrepns éxtaong and aur’ nou oxnuaTigouv ta puroora- Gep6 ce nepirrwon nou SiaTiBerai ynpIaKd LovTéAo ESa@oUG. KOS eivai BéBaia va pny Eenepvé thy nepioxt} nou oneikovizera oTny ap~ xikr} paroypagia, MéyeBog edapown' ‘oypapiac. 1G Ka! XwpIOWdg TOU KavABoU TG OPEOPA- NapeyBori Tou KavvdBou ms opEopwroypawiag oTov KdvvaBo TOU wnplaKou povrédou e5apous, via Tov unoAoyicHd Tou upoueTpoU ‘Tou KA8e pixel Tn opeopuroypagiac, 1 ouvtetayyéves (X,Y,Z) TG KOE eSapownsidac yETarpénovra cE eikovoouvreTayHevec Ka! OUYKEKpiéva aneUdeiag GE pixel (i,j) av o1 apxikés LeTpioeic Tay PwToTTABEpdy éxoUV NpayyaToNOINGel GE pi- xel, Ue Tous duvTehEaTés TOU dyedoU ypayLIKOU HETaoXnLATIONOU. LXHL YL Zhe UX FLY +L Zt Ly POsatvetazed /LXel Vv ebyzet G29) MapeyBodA Tou Tévou Tou yKpiZou oTnV apxiKi ‘PwToypagia yia Thy enavaguaraon Kai Thy napaywy'} Th¢ opeoparroypagiag. ‘Oniag éxe! npoavapepdel, xpnowonoielrar ia ané Tig HeBdSous napeyBoAc (Anorgarepou yelrova, Byypaypi A SuKUBIKA). 401.6 Ta ynoiaKd povréda eda@pous BOpiopoi Tevixd ue Tov épo WngiaKd Movrého EB4g0UG (Digital Terrain Model ~ DTM) ewoodue mv wnpiaKi nepiypapA Kar aneikSvion Tou EB&pous ouviA- Gus oe tpeIG BiacTaas X, Y, Z (3D). AuTi n aneiKévion ynopel va npay- haTonoinei ueow evdc oxeBiaoTiKod AoyIoLIKOU GE NAEKTPOVIKO UNOADYI- orf. Eva yngioKd yovréAo eBégous avrinpoownedel Thy Enupaveia m¢ Ps = AAG, omnV yevikil nepintwon, Kal KaBE GAANG Ent@avelas ~ and éva oU- VoRo onyeiay X, Y, Z, 6nou “to X" eivar_n opidévria X-Béon (n.x. yew~ YpawiKou pr}KoUG), “Y" eival n opizovria Y-Béon (7.x. yewyPApIKS NATO A Boppd/NétoU) Ka! To "2" elvai ro uSyETPO Mg EMupaveias. To yn>piaKd povrého e84@ous eivar éva aivoho nAjpus npoobiopiopévev onpelov X, Y, Z jag enipaveias. a npénes va avawyepEoupe Kal OTN aKpiBela Tou DTM, Ewodvrac Tv OpiZovrioypagiKh GAA Kai UWoHETpIKA Pon auTdY TeV onpei@v. AnAadi Sev 8a unopodae va xapaxmnpicrel we wn-pIaKd HovTEAS eBAgOUS jd KTNHOTOAOYIKi) anoTUN«EN, dnou Ta SiariGéueva onpeia eivar ‘onpeia npoodiopiquol Tov opiay 1DioKrnordv Kal ehaxtoMns envpdveiag Tou eSépous. H noiérnTa Tou OTM KaBopiZeTa! Kuping and Thy nuKvérnTa Kal ‘TV oKpiBe1a Tv cUAAEYEVTOY OpXIKEV UWOLETPIKEY GroIXelwv. ay, ie ia SS - SN SNA aS SS ‘Exihya 1.22. FpoonrKd DTM KavwdBou (raster). Zuvii6ax 0 ép0¢ OTM f} WME xonowonoteira: yio Tv yevKs) nepinraxon re ‘uniaxric nepiyparic KABe cidous enxpaveras (nx. opaduéTa, Tova TOU yepigou An), ev na mv ynpaxt nepIYpaa Te EnnpdveIng TOU EO ‘pou xonawonoieirar 0 époc DEM (Digital Elevation Model) | YMA (Vnpia~ x6 Movrého AvoyAUgpou) Ee e151Kd Aoyioyikd ynopei va yiver neparrépw eneEepyacia tou DTM kai va e&eArxOei 1 POPPI TOU. Me yPaLpIKr NaPELBOAH Twv UWOHETPwV OE GUYKE- Kpipévec @goeic, ynopel va Snyloupyndei To TerpaywviKd OTM (raster) A kat TpiyaviKd DTM (TIN). Tia To Terpaywvixd DTM opitoue Bia Kawa Bou kal yivera: napeyBoAi UpoueTpay onIG BéoEIC Tw KOPUPdY TOU KaV- \véBou, ue anoréAgoua va eivai To DTM éva auvexés npéruno Tou avayAd- at EEou eBapous nou avrinpocwneverai and éva whgioKd nAZyya raster geiedbe KOyBo TOU MAEyyaTOG va Exe! Hilo TAH UYOLETPOU Z. Ta To TpI- nxd DTM (TIN) ouvdgovrai we ypayyés Ta yerroviKd onyeia, éror wore Yo Squioupyouvra: tpiywva cro xpo. Yndpxe! n Suvarérnra va opiooupe, Graroya HE Thy aKpiBeIa NOU Has evdIa~pépE, To UNKOS THY NAEUpoY TOV vay (eAaxIoTN Kal peyiorn). H Back’) diagopa yeTaEd Tov Suo nepi ypordy Has enupaveiag eivar én To wnepidwTd DTM exe! uWoUETPA NOU Mer npoldvra napepBoAAc (exrég Kal edv éxe1 GuAAEyel aneUBEiag oF GéoE:¢ YowoBou Le @wToypopierpKd 7pén0), Evid aTO TIN Siampoivral dda ra npwroyevi) upduerpa. ‘Ero, yid napdderyya, 0: ypaHHés aouvexeiaG OTO TIN Siampodvrai «@s éxouv, eFaopadiZovrag niorétepn avanapdoraon THY mio oUVEET@Y Eni@aveldy (ZkoupANG, 1997). Ext 1.23. Kéroyn TIN. nd 70 TIN unopouv va SnpioupynBouv 1co0We!s KapMUAEG, H AoyiKA TS Squioupyiag Tov 1oodwdy eival n iSia He aUTA Nou aKoAoUselra! yia va BquioupynBouv o1 KapnUAEs ypagiKd. H Enpioupyia Tav 1oUwov KayNU- | Jey viverar ue yponuiki napeuBodh ong uwouerpés Siaepés TV On- | elov KaTé pihKog TeV nAeupdY TeV TpIYaVav. | T&oc, To DTM napouordzerai Kal wg PwTOOKIaGHEVe oTEpEd (solid), én. Qaiverar ato Ex. 1.24. 42Zyha 1.24. Npoonmd) wroppeakiorixs ormxonoinan 1.6.1 EuAAoy# oroixsiav Kar Snysoupyia rou DTM ‘Ouoiooriké Ta oroixeia nou anarrouvTai yia Tn Snuioupyia evs OTM eivar NipwE npoadiopiouEva onpeia X, Y, Z. H oUAAoy!) THY OTOIXei@v yivera! ie noAAodg TpénoUG: KAaoaKA Tonoypagia, pwroypauLeTpIKEs HeBd5ouG (and aspoparoypacies 4 SopupopiKés ekdvEc), UETPAOEIG GPS, wneIo- noinon xaprav aAAd Kai we véec Texvodoyies nou GUAAEyoUV vé@n onHEIov (nx. laser scanning). = Tonoypagia, GPS kai DTM Tia peyadeg KAlyakes kai nepiopiopévng éxraong nepioxés ynopei va vive! auAdoy DTM pe KAGooKés weBd50uG Tonoypapiac Kal UE real-time anoTd~ nwon pe GPS, Evie, Ka! avdAoya ye TY nepinTwon, Ta onLEia GUANE- yovrai ye andaracn 1-2 m. = @uwroypapperpia kai DTM Me orepeooxonuich Lérpnon Tou otepeowovréAou pnopel va yivel n GUAAOYH DTM. H auréparn diadikaoia napaywyiic SewonTiKa eivai andi. Opizovrar ouddec pixel orn 1" garoypagia kai ouoxerizovra: wngiaKd HE MY 2° go- ‘Toypagia evég arepEozebyous yia Tov Evroniops Tav oLdroy@V onHElav. Enopéva, n Sidpopa omic TeTunueves x nopéxel TY KaTS x NapGAAAEN, onoia yerappaerar o€ Sia‘popd UWOLETPwY. ‘Era, yia KAGE pixel KaTaypa- era! TO UWeLETPO SnLOUPYVTAG To DTM. Emv npdkn, spins, Tig NepIo~ adrepes popes anarreirar Kai onyavriki napéuBaon Tou XeIpIoT!| NPOKEILE- ‘vou va Bi0p8dae! Tc aoroxieg Tou auTOHATIOLOU. H GUAAOYA| Nope! UCT kG. va yivel kat evreAds xeIpoxivara. Me ‘paroypanLETpIKd TpOno eivar Su~ Varbv va napax@ei ce jeyaho nogoaré éva TENKd yNgidaTd DTM, BNAABA ‘va auAAEyouv Ta uyueTpa aKpIBIs OTIC ~rTOULEVES OpidovTioypagiKés BE aig Tou KawvaBou (Maric, 1991). 43 aes2en. 8r exapres xa DTM ‘eyot MOG TpSno« via TH GUAAoY cToIxElasv ya TV SnHIOUpyia Tou DTM Eval n enekepyaoia Twv Tonoypapicéy xoprébv. Mia Boone) uEB0605 Ka- fooxeutig DTM eivar n yngionoinan Tov Io00y%>v KaLNUAdY Eves TonO- iKOU XAptN, Divovrag To avricroIXo uydHETPO TG KAGE KLNUANS. H MoiBe1a Tou DTM arn auykexpinévn HeB0d0 eival avdAoyn T¢ aKpiBerac, ‘ou xép™n A TOU StaypaupaTog dou npayyaronoieirai n wnpiondinan.1.7 E@appoyés opSopwroypagiag H wngraxi opSopatoypagia napoumdizer nAnpdtara SeBouévwv Ka! oToI~ xei@v, Ye anorAcoya va napéxerai n uvaroTnTa GUNAApwONS Evdc xOP- Tn. H aueodmmra omy avaywoon, 1 aKpiBEIa Kai n oIKOVOWIKT) NapayeoyA ng opBowToypagiag eival Ta KUpIA xapaKTnpIOTIKa TMC. H YewuETpIK oroeepérnra Kai n SuvarérAra xphaNs The GE NOAAEG KAINaKEG KaBIGTO THY opboparoypapia exueraAAetorun Ge ndpG NOAAOUG EnloTHOVIKOUS TOLEIG, ouyyeveig Kai un TI¢ Tonoypagiag (ASPRS, 1996). Mia and nic kupidrepes epapyoyés civai n napayayi| xaprév Ye ynpionoi- Non Twv opBopwroypagidy yia Thy andBoon diavucparixdy AenTopEpEdy (Opia, Spopor, Asdvia, yepupec, aepodpdyia). Eniong anoreAei To Bacikd undBa®po evnuépwons xapTdv Siapdpwv KAIpdKwv YE eniGeon Tov diavu- ovaTixisy Se5ouévwv Tou xaptn oTnv opbopwrToypagia (wn@ioncinon Tov aAAaydv TN NEPIOXAS Kal EvNNEpwON TOU XapTN). Erov Toya Tou KrnpaToRoyiou, Bace tev opBopeToypacidy yivera! n a ‘nd500n KTnUATOAOYIKGY Biaypayparwv (yid opIoHevEC KAIHaKEC), A) aKpi Bela Twv onojwy eivar ikavonoinmiKh yia TeroI0U elBouG wEAETES (opI0BE- ‘Thon, avayvipion véwy KrioudTwv, HeTPRON EUBaddv, Bpoyo! K.AN.). E- niong, ye Thy paydaia avanTu& Tov unoAoyionKiy cuoTuaTwV UNopEl AAOV 1 WnpIAKA OpBopwTOYPAgIA va xPNaHONOINBel ws TO BacKd uNd- apo evnuépwons ora yewypagikd oucrhyara nAnpowpopidy (GIS). Eng eniyeies anotundoaic (ueydAes KAlvaKes) NOAAEG @opés UNdpxoUV GU- ‘orkd end6ia nou KaSiorouv anpdormn Tay NEpiox! via HETPHAEIG, Ero! LE Thy akjonoinon EvENKTWV TEXviK‘dY @aTOYPAgNENC Kar TeV OpBop~ToypA- idv anoTundvovrar aKoyn Ka! o BBaTEG nepioxéc (napaywyrh opeo- QuToYpApIy SED KTipiOV, YEPUPGY, aPXAIOAoYiKeY xwpwv. Mia and Tig apEvEs epappoyés TS opbopaToypadiac, EibiKa oTY EAAASA, nrapou- crazerai npayyan omy apxaiodoyia. H opGogeToypapia experaAAeveTar ‘Tay Eupeon perpnmixt diadixaoia, oc avti6eon He Mv Tonoypapia nou orn- pigerar ornv Gyeon yérpnon, Kal pnopel eUKoAa va anodde! He aKpiBeIa, nAnpérnTa, mioTétqTa Kal NapagTaniKémTa Thy U@PIOTaHEVN HOP TOU vnuiou A Tou aneikoviZéyevou x2pou, npoKeipevou orn ouvexeia va and~ TeAEoe! To uNdBaBpo yia Thy akjonoinon Kai ouvTiipnaf Tou (Mavromati et al., 2002). 'AAAgG enioriyes nou absonoiosv TAv opBopwToypagia eivai n SaooAoyia kai yewnovia. H op8operoypagia efunnpeTel Thy avayvdpion SamKav exrdgewy, TA HeTpAGN TMG GUVOAIKiiG BaaKiig éxraons, TY KaTaypap Kat ‘avayvipion eiSav ayporikiv exracewy (eAaroKopia, apneAoupyia, ontpo- kqneunixd).. ‘Evag TowEag nou xpnowonoiel To napaywyo npoidv THs opeopwroypagiac, To opBoparoucoaiKd eival o1 xapakEIG: aBonotiac, NAEKTPOAOYIKEG EyKaTO craceIG peydov dikTUwV, HEAETES EyKaTdoTaONG SiKTUOU puaIKOU aepiou, onodéman Kepaudv KivnTiig THAEpaviag Ka! SiKTUOU THAESPaCNS, H xpiion opeopwropmoaikdv-opBoparoxaprav CULBAAAE!, aKdya, omy 45 22usa abe osvawpion Tg Eupstepng und HEAérn nEpioxtic (noTaHdv, Aviv, pE- foray, Nuévav, uBpoBiéronav), we ouvénela Thy efoKOvoUNaN xPévou tar mv OUVOAiKi} enonTeia Tou épyou. -ihos, OF NAA|pIOG WIAKd NEpIBEAAOV n oPBOPwToYpagia xpnoOROIEiTa: ‘2 va SnuloupynBouv npoonmiKés @wTOPPEAAIATIKEG OrmiKONOIROEIG TOU rm (draping) Kar exxovikés nepmyfoeig (fly-through, walk-through), vid epapnoyec auTouaTnG MAOAYNONG, NAEKTPOViKiY NaIXMiBKDY Ka! EIKOVIKT}G npaypamixérnras. fra endyeva Zxfyara paivovrar opioyéva nopadelyyara opBoavaywyav. Exthwa 1.25. Opdopuroxdpmns (www.geo.tudeltt.nl) 46RA | | Deiya 1.27. Ynpronoinon opboparroypapiay yia Thy ‘anéB00n Siavuqparixesy debouévay (61a, Op6u01, ‘Amsdvia, yEpUpEC, aepodpéuia Kar yeviad rexvixé épya). (v0vow.geo.tudelt.nl) 47 Zywa 1.26. Napdadeypyo opboparo- tread rou apxoikod repod axprepaiuévOU o7O ‘i, Bpioxeron omy nepi~ xf rns Aviog Mapivas oro Gnaeio(Adpog Nup- piv), dinda and Tov ne- ‘épove npoc Tay Apo "noAn xo! XpOvOnOYEFTa! nd 70 580 n.X. Ewovec ‘nd mv A/ven Tonoypa velo Nodmouo). (Mavromati et al., 2002.)Dehwa 1.28. Mérpnan euBadav Kor dyKav neTpaydrey, avayvaipian nerpayérav ‘Koi xaraypagy naparnpfiazuv, avérusn GIS (GUP, 1999). yhwa 1.29. And puroppeadonnd nepriynan rou Lugano EABeriag (A. Streilein). 48Avanugn Npoypayparos 2.1 To ‘Matlab’ Mapaxarw napouaraZovrai o1 Baokés evroAés Ka! TO NepIBEAAOV TOU Mat- lab, ore © xprjorns va unopei va akjonorfoe ye Tov KaAUTEpo SuvaTs Tpdn0 To AoyiuIKd TNs opeopwrToypacpiag, ‘|= Baoixd wépn Tou npoypappaTos H npdtm enagr ue To nepiBaAAov Tou npoypauLaTOG @paiverar OTH E1KOva: le Eg Vow Web wrdow Hob De BF Carer orecory. [CregaseTOMAIGRORT ‘cevragea\rrecamnortiaps | [.) © ef ah | >> a Files File Type @quin Folder ‘ a) lace Folder a | foow.ts mee |B evouc.n wtule ‘ (paccinen ‘ | Gi camera, toraat. § | Bomece tonnes este.n +d] ‘Exiwa 2.1. To nepipéNov rou Matlab. “in ese] [ssn bale ol aszi65 Asoi0] owe 240) double ax 160] doubte ax ‘Zxthya 2.2. To workspace stqo apxtia rou Matlab Aéyovrai m-files. Eva Téroi0 apyeio unopei va 6n- yioupyneel entAgyovrac: File / New / M_file. 2. Open... HO Fave Close Workspace Cote Mee moat Data. Save Werspace As. set Path. Preferences. ‘2xhua 2.3. Ajwioupyia opxeiou Matlab. ‘Ero napa®upo nou eypaviterar, o xpf\arng avanruadE! Tov KéSiKa NOU Tov evbiagépe: kal Ta anoTeMouara eu@avigovra aro command window fh oro workspace (5.2.4). Fe Edt ew Text Debug Ereskpants Web Window Heb ose eo. @as, 88 IBC | sae ‘fusction (af so}+aftine (par,eik): for 4 = at at aeaze(par,.) Ltd-L) spar (4/21) (ay spar (is2,21 Aged teen (1/24) A(s-1,2)a08(2/2,2)7 Ati-1,3)e12 AGL, Aya0 Function [af,so}-aftine(par,eik) > ‘Zxtiwa 2.4. Keidixac oro Matiab. 2 esize (par, 1) Ta anoreAgguata Kat ot HETOBANTEs yNopouv va anoBnkevovrai npéxeipa To workspace, aAAa Kai va anonxeurouv pévisa wc Mat_files. Matlab kai nivaKes ‘Odes 01 weraBAnrés oro ouyKeKpINEVO NpsypaHG aNoBNKEvOVTaI we niva- kes (BA. workspace double array). Axohouei éva napaberyua NOMAGNAG- aquo’s, avrioTpopAg Kal avaoTPO~NG IvaKaV: 52>> eef1,2,3 2d b > ean) [a] | a s ae a, 8 a2. Exriye 2.5. Mpaker ruvonwv. Baoixés evtoAgs oro Matlab cle: Starypapet 6,01 uMGpxet oTnY em@avera tou command win- in clear: Siayparpel tig petaBAntés oto workspace load ‘goptiavet éva apxeio imread: — goptiivet éva apxcio e1Kovag, imshow : eppavigel pia exova 2.2 O1 adydpiByor 1 adyépiOu01 yia Thy napaywyh opBogwToYPAgIdy, NoU avanToxENKaV e- 86, ouyKevrpdvovtat ge éva naKéTo Ue TO dvoua “di_ORTHO’ (digital or- thorectification), dug Sev eivar auTévouOI GANG Aérroupyouv TO npo- Ypopariorixé nepiBadhov Tou Matlab. O KaBe xpriornc, Aoinéy, éxei ™ Bu- varérnra va edéyée Tous KadiKes, va enéyBer Kai, yicTi 8x1, va Tous ava- nr0ger BeAtidoE! kal va Karavoijaei Thy AoyiKi| Siadixaoia napayeyi. 2.2.1 Nposrowacia yia owarh Aerroupyia rou npoypéyparos ‘Ona éxe1 avagepse | Yia Tv Napaywyi plac opEopwroypaciag Elva: ana- 53T poimnra ra eBjic ovorxeia: © Eowrepixds npogavarodopds eik6vaG E&wrepixds npooavaroAopac EiKéva. Exovoorjpara rnc erxdvag © YnpiaKé povréAo ms aneiKovigepevng NEpIoxtc fio va poprwBouv auTd Ta croixela oro NpéypaHHO, eivai anapaimro va snwoupynBouv apxeia Keévou (ascii, txt) nou Ga nepréxouv Ta napandvia groixeia oe ia cUyKeKpIévn pSpuG. BAKE eivai ta apxela aura va ané- BnxedovTa! CToV aKEAO TOU RPoYPALLATOG, énias eniong Kai N siKéVO, yia ‘oixovounen xpovou kal KénoU. mApxeia npocavaroAtopdav Jo npdro apxeio nepiAayBavei Tov eEwrEpIKd NpocavaTohIoHd Tg EIkOvaG (n.x. To notepad) Ka1 8a eivai Tm¢ HOP@AG: Extina 2.6. E&wrepinés npooavarohausc EKOVOS. HE CEIPG (Xo, Yor Zoy @, P, K), BNAGBI}, TO onHEIo AWN o€ HETPG (mM) Kat 01 orpopés Tn eiKévac Ge pipes (deg). To croixeia npénel va Elva xwpI- ouéva je kev6 (tab) A He Kou (,) KAI n UNodiaipeon npénel va eivar He redo (.). To apyeio Tou eowrepikou npooavaTohtopol Eivai Ts Hop@ic: ‘Aneto Encipyace Mapp MooioM Broa o = Exiua 2.7. Eourepnés nposavaronoysc eixbvas, HE GEIPS (Xe) Yor €) Ka! OAa Ta oToIXeia Ge (mm). Ta roixeia npénel va el- Vai xapioyéva jie kevd (tab) A He Kduna (,) Kai n unodiaipeon npéne! vo eivar ye tedeia (.). "Apxeio cuvreraypévev emovoonuarioy To endyevo apxeio nou eivat anapairnto nepiéxei Tig enkovoouvreraypeves wv eikovoonydTay TAG EKévaG Kal Elva TH¢ HOO 542xhpa 2.8. Napdderya and apvaniKe ye diordoeK 36 «24 mm. nou oTnv apiorepH OTHAN Eival o: cuvTeTaypéves x Kal OTN Seka oTHAN OF uvterayyéves y. O1 uvTeTaypeves Tov EikovoonpaTwy Eival oe mM Ka! eopiopéves we Kevd (tab) 7 He KeNHO (,)- mApxeio napapérpwy axrivictis SiaoTPOPNS To ouyxexpiiévo apxeio neprAayBaver TI¢ napayerpous ki, Ka, ks... TG O- Knivikiig SiaaTpoprig Tou PaKoU Kat eivar THs HopENG: oxo _Exkenyocio Mapes NBah Boe 0.0720, |-1:4334-004 2166746-007 -2 99058-0109 F 2xthya 2.9. ZuvreAeorés noAvewiyou axrivixig BiaoTpoP AG. bnou 0 péyioTo< apieyd¢ napapETpm eival TéoDEpIC, mApxeio yewSardy ouvreraynévav AxoAousel To apyeio Tov SiaGémpwv yewdamKéy cuvreraypévwv nou Ga XpnaponoinBouv yia Tv Snuioupyia TOU WNpIAKOL HovTEAoU TNG aneiKOVI- Zouevne nepioxsic (€5ag0c, dyn Kripiou K.An.) Kar Elvai Tg Hop@PrG: 4200652. 687 74.242 % 4202652340 741203 75249. 342 -4202652.541 74.327 752091131 4202652:718 74.348 (75249393 «4202651.984 74.306 oll 2qtpa 2.10. Pewdarmnés ouvrerayyéves DTM. Emv nparn oriAn eival o: ouvreraypeves X, omy BeUTEPN oTHAN o1 CUVTE- Taypéves Y Kai ony Tpim OTAAN Ot GUvTETaYHEVES Z. ‘One Kal ora GANG ‘apxeia, ta ororxeia npénel va eivar xapiopéva je Kevd (tab) f He KOHHG (,) 55 ry £ a a 1 a a ( 0 a aain unodiaipeon npénei va eivai ye teAeia (.). Mpdxerrar wid yewsamixés, Guvteraypéves Kal Sivovrai oe uétpa (m). Fia va ynv undpEoUv npoBA‘|HO- fo x0Ta Tay Squloupyia Tou wneLaKod ovréAoU Kai apyérEpa HE THY NO- DeHBOAA Tov pixel CE auTé, via Thy eUpEan TwV UWoLETPwY TOUS Ba Mpéne! fo pny unépxouv onpeia ue iSiec opiovrioypagiKés ouvrerayyéves X, ¥ Kal Bapopenikd UpdpErpa Z. Eva Téxvaoua nou unopel va EpapHocTel ary quyeexpiliévn nepinraon elvai to Effi: av yia napddelyya = yi nEpIox! fou NEpIYpapETAI We ONEIa X, Y, Z, UNdpxei éva Krip!o, yivera! KaravonTé hug. yavia Tou 1oyeiou @a éxe! Tig ides TIBés X Kal Y pe THY avriororxn yovia ™¢ TapéToac, Népa ané To éri To npSypayHa ev Ba Snuroupyiioe! Board TO npiaKd ovrédo eBaxpouc, Ga npoKLWE! Kal NPSBANHA oTAY TIAA you UpourpoU nou 6a néper To pixel omy avricroixn Géon ka! om ouvE- e011 paBIOUETpIKA MANPOopIa TNG TEAIKiIG eIkbvaG Ga Eival AaveaopEvN. ‘AuTd nou unopei va yivel eivai va weraredel eagpdG Kard X Ka! KaTG Y TO ‘onyelo nou éxel TY wiKporEpN TILA UWOHETPOU NOG SIeLBUVON NOU va LV xahunrerai ané To uynAdtEpo avriororxo onpelo. sApxeio napampijcewy exovoonnérev Evbexouevac va xpeldZerar akdya éva apxelo, To apyeio Twv napamnpA- OtwV TRV EKKOVOONLATOV GE pixel (i, j). H Eloaywyi| TOU Npayyoronoleirar ‘ond To npéypayya pe oXEriKés evroAés via Thy EPaPHOYA TOU aqiviKOL Le- Taoxnyanioyod. Aurd ro apxeio eivai anapaimnTo va Snpioupynéel av pa ouykupia Karaordcey To eniBdAAel. To npéBAnua eival va pny Karoped- 81 70 NpSypayiia va @oprédce! Thy eIKdva GTO NapaBupe napamproewv (control points selector). Kai n arria elvai to weyaho yéyeB0q TnG e1KOvaG (nx. aepopwToypagies HeyGAwv diacTddewy, UWNAA avdduon) dé oUvdUG- v6 Ue TIg SuvaTérnTEG TOU UNOAoYIOTA (UIKPO HEYEBOG HvAUNG-enekePYO- orf). Ondte n Hopgf TOU cuyKexpiyévou apxeiou Ga eivar Exthya 2.14. Maparnpriesc eovoonuéTav. nou orny apiotepr orhAn eivai o: ouvreraypeves (i) Kal oTnV BEGG oTHAN, 01 ouvrerayytves (j). O1 ouvreraypéves Tov eikovoonHaTav civai ce pixel Kal yopiopéver we Kevd (tab) # we Koya (,). H Opxi| Tov akbvenv BpioKera! auviieias omy’ nova apiorep!| yavia tng eiKovac, Erp nepinrwon Acinov nou 8a Xpeiaorel va Snjioupyfooupe aut To apxeio, Sev npénei va napa Aeip@ei va popTa8ei n eikbva GTOV (paKEAo TOU MpoyPEUHaTOs (current di- rectory) yéoa ané To npéypayya, Ye UyKeKpiLEvn EvaAAOKTiKi} EvTONA nov 8a nepiypagel napaKérw, Hore va weTarpanel n| Eikdva oe nivaKa HE Tovouc Tou yxpiZou (double array), npoKeijévou orn Ouvexela va npayya- Tonoingei n nopeyBonh Tav Tévwv Tou YKpIzoU. 56= npoooxn ! Tb:airepn npoaoxth npénei va B06el o1n oEIpG nou Ga SoBouv 1a croixeia Tou nivaxa tev naparnproewy (pixel) Kai Tou nivaka Twv eikovoonpdrav. Fpéne: onwadiinote va eivar avricrorxa, &- 1SdAAws Ba npoKtiye! AdBos Kar Ba anodoGe! napayopocueva 1 opbopurroypagia. BéBaia, 6a ta crorxeia nou nepiAayBdvovral ora napandveo apxeia (.txt), exrég Gnd To apxeio Tey yewSariKibv guvteraypéviav yia Tay napayeyh TOU WNpIAKOU HovrEAoU EBEMOUG, LNOPOUV va NANKTPOAOYNBOUW Kar KATE ‘thy AetToupyia TOU npoypauyaros js avrioroixes evroAés nou 8a neprypa- ‘@ouv napaKares, 2.2.2 AvanruEn rev adyopi®pe Kan TeArKi Tous Hoppr MOI npdres Boxes Kar oF KeBUCES H avénrufp tev adyopi@uiov eniBaAre Thy KaAA Ka! ge B4B0G KaTavénon Odwv TwV NponyNBevTwv, oT KepdAaIO 1, BewpNTIKeY oTOIXelv yia THY eniteun Tou TEAIKOU anoTENEUaTOS, TE WNpIOKi}G opeopwToypApias. H natn Biabicagia frav n avénuEn ahyopiduou via Thv E~@apHOY! apiviKou HeTaoxqyaTioyou Twv eikovoouvTETaYHEviv (x,y) TG avaAOYIKNG EIKovaG, oe auvreraypeves pixel (i,j). H d1adiKagia TOU agiviKoU HETaOXNHaTIOLOU eivai npoypayparionké andj Kai anoréAeoe Thy npdrn enapi HE THY ava- nTuen adyopiGuev oro Matlab, énag eniong Ko! we Tous nivaKes (double array) nou anarrel 0 agivikés Leraoxnyarioyss yia Thy eniAuar) TOU. H &n- wioupyia Tav A Kat L Tov EE, (1.14, 1.16) yiveral we ef: : 2*size(par,1) Lied) = par/2,1); Ui) = par(/2,2); elk(/2,1); elk(/2,2); Ali) = 1; end afsinv(A'*A)*A'*L; Tia Kae I ané 1 @éon 2 Tou nivaKa TOV EIKOVOOUVTETaYHEVOY TOV EIKO voonparov, He Bia 2, KEXP! TO HE- ye80g TOU nivaka TeV EiKOvOOUVTE- Toypévev Twv eikovoonuaTeov (o7 ouyxexpiyévn nepinrwan eivar 4), Squtoupyeirai ro avtiaroixo rorxelo rou Biavuoparos L and Tic naparn- piigeic Kat Tou nivaxa A and Ta Se- Bopéva Tw eikovoonpéTwv. Tédoc, unodoyievrar 01 ouvreAeorés Tou apivikou pETaoxnyaTIyou, Ta E- vanoyévovra a@aAyaTa Kal To TunI- 6 opadua Tn¢ Hovadac Bapous. 57—* — Byhwa 2.412. CD xar xévvaBog cm. jor be1:size(par,1) L(2*i-1,1)=par(i,1); U(2*1,1)=par(i,2); AC2i-1, B=Gt, 1); -G(i,2)*par(i,1); G(i,3)*par(i,1); A(2*i,6)=G(1,2); A(2*i,7)=6(1,3); A(2*i,8)=1; Gti,2)*par(i, 2); -G(i,3)*par(i,2); end isinv(a*A)*A'*L; WaLAtxd; Io=sqrt((v'*v)/(2*size(G,1)-11)); Tivanag 2.2. Ta nAcovexrfpara Tou dyecou ypaptikod peraoxnyaiouod oBfiynoay va eoTicgTel To evdiagépov npota ve auTév Kai era npayyeronorj@nxav o1 npxires neipapari- éc Boxipéc, 01 onoiec Ga napouatacroiy napakére exrevéotepa. Me epacrrexviKih BNXAVA ParoypagAenkav CD TonoBern- héva endve ce KawaBo Siacrdcewv As ue Biya 1 cm, Kar Eva xopréKouTo He éwvao 70 nérioya (BA. Kova). H eniAu- of Tou nAgov firav Bua avanTuEng Taw ‘ahyopiouiy nou axohousouv. Tia Ké8e | and TH @éon 1 TOU nivaKa Te Rapampioewv Twv pwrooraeptv Ka! ue Biwa 1 yéxp! To YeyeBoc Tou nivaKa, Snpioupyeirar SiaSoxiKd To diavuoya L ané Tig naparnpfiaeic Kalo nivakag A a- 6 Ta aToIXeia Twv PwTooTabepav. Tédos, unodoyiZovrar o1 ouvteheatés TOU @yecou ypoppikod UeTaoxnHaTIoHou, Ta evonopevovra apaAyara Kal TO TUNIKS ‘opaya TIS Hovddac Bapouc. ZExiiua 2.13. Xopréxouro ve onvaguévo ‘uroorabepd yia enidvon DLT. BO adydpr8pos THs WHeIAKis opBopuroypapiag Meré ané univ Ty mpd efpikelwon He Ty avanTUEn aAyopiopwv epap- 58HOoTNKE n oUveAKN GUyypaHIKOTNTAG ia va HETagépe Ta Gkpa THC PwTO- ‘yparplac cro éSaqpo¢ Kai va oxnuariorei To opBoywavie Tn¢ nepIox!G nou Ba KaAUWeI n opBopuToYPApIa. AnAdvera! TO UsyeBOG THs eaOYNpISAG Kai ‘Oxnuarizerat 0 nivaxag ms ep8opwroypapiag ané "ig diagopés AX Kai AY TOU apXiKoU TeTpanAgUpau. MAgov yNopE! va NapouMagTe! o adydpIGyoS TNg Napaywyng wnpIaKic opBopwroypagiac. Kar’ apxdc énpene va avTi- erwniarei ro 6éua T¢ napeUBoic oro DTM via Tov unoAoyioud Tey UyO- Létpav Tov edagoyneiev THs opBopuTOYPAGIAG, GAAA Kal TIG SNLIOUP- yiag To lou TOU DTM. ‘Onwe exe! avapepGei, To Matlab npoopépe! ndpa TOAAS €roiya epyadeia, yeTagU aurav Kar thy buvarérnta TMs SnpIoUpyiac, DTM ané apxeio ASCII yewSarrikiv ouvreraypévav X, Y, Z. Meta and Yypaypik?) napeyuBoA Twv KopPadv Tou kavvdBou Tou DTM ora Tpiywva nou oxnuarigevra: ané Ta apxiKa onueia, KaroNAye! TeNKG ce évav nivaKa u- oueTpav Twv KopUPBY TOU KawvABou, nou Eivar Kat To {pTOUevo DTM. H op8opwroypapia (ORTHO) ei- vat évag nivaxag (i,j) He pndeviKa Kor’ apxas ororxeiG, Ta onoia €a npénei va anoxrhoouv évav Tévo . i rou yxpiZou. Pia KaGe pixel uno- See Ne TPE | Aoviterar n yeubamieh rou een 7 (%Y), yiverar n napepBoA uyo- hérpou Z oro ynpiaKd povréAo 25490UG Kar pe TH OUvehKN CUY- ypaypikomnTag mpoBaAAerai To onuelio XYZ otnv apxiki) avahoyi- x} ek6va of e1kovoouvrerayye- ‘vec (x,y). Autéc unoBadAovrai OE BiSpOa0n TAG aKTIviKAg SiaoTpo- ‘@ig (x1,y1) Kal oT ouvéxela Le TaoxnpaTifovrai We apiviKd pEeTa~ ‘oxnparioyé oe pixel (1,3) tg ap- xIktig wnpiaxiig exdvac, nou Kar Mpayparonoiita: napeyBoAh Tou ‘Tévou Tou yKpiou yia Tv enava- guoTaon TNS TENKiG EiKOvaG, THY opBoparoypagia. H napeyBoAi yivera: yia KG8e Kava! THC EIKO- vag fexwpiord R(red), G(green), B(blue) atnv nepintwon nou civat éyxpayn, eldarhwc ya popd. H TEMKi) Eikdva ano@nKEvETa! OThV oper apxelou (.tiff). 4:size(ORTHO,2) Z = bilinear interpolation(DTM) [xy] = co linearity(x,¥.Z) qrt((xo-x)A2+4(y0-¥)*2) r= KLTHK2#rA3 +K3ErASHK4*EAT dx = x*dr/r dy = y*dr/r xl = dxtx yl = dyty [1,3]=affine(xt,y1) [g]=bilinear interpolation(1,J,K) ORTHO(j,i,1:3)=round(g(1:3)) end end Rivaxag 2.3. Téhos, 11a npaKri«h BuvarérqTa nou npoypanHariomKe eivai_n SiaSicaola vig &idoug *monoplotting”. O aayépieyés Tou Baoizerai omy napEuBoNh av pixel TH¢ opSopwrToypagiac GTO WNKpIaKd HOVTEAG Ed4pOUG, KOBE oN- eio M mg opBopurroypagiag exe: ouvreraypéver, pixel (1,3). H yewdarikh éon Tou NpéToU pixel THG OpBopuToypagiag eivar ywwoTA SrKoG enions, 59T a1 70 ueye86¢ Tou pixel, dpa pinopel va unoAoyioTel n yewsarmixi Béon TOU QUYKEXPILEVOU pixel opIZovrioypapIKA. AnoLével O UNOADYIOYdG TOU UWO- pETPOU TOU, o onoioc Npaynaronoieira: HE SrypayErKA| nopeyBON} oro WN fpickd ovrého e5épouG énias Kal via Thy Napayeyi TMs opbopwToypa- 05, ria KaGe onielo i ané rn Bon 1 exc 10 [For I=1zsize(mo,1) pNY@0s TeV napatnpotpev~ov onHElwov unoroyizerar opidovrioypa@iKd n yew Boirixi) 8€on KOBE onpelou Kar oT oU- vyéxeio npaypaTonoieira: napeyBod?) oro ynpiaxd povréAo edpous ya Tov uno- joyioud Tou uyouérpou. in(G(:,1)) +1 +p/2 1ax(GC:,2))-J*-P/2 [Z]= bilinear interpolation(DTM) end Mivanag 2.4. Me avadoyo Tpéno Bnyioupy/iBnke 0 adydpiBL0G THs Napaywviic WNepIOK!S apdoparoypapiag UE Tov GYecO ypayiKd HeTaoXNHaTIOHs (DLT). Tor J=tsize(ORTHO,1) for i= 1:size(ORTHO,2) Ynodoyiopéc yewSaitikdy ouvTe- Tayyévwv (X,Y) yia KdBe pixel X= (min(G(:,1))+(-1)*9+9/2 | 716 of, SiypauUK_NapEpBoA Y= (max(G(:,2)))-U-1)*9-p/2 | uwouerpay Z oro DTM, era~ Z = bilinear interpolation(OT™M) oxnyaiopds pe DLT Twv XYZ oe Und] = DLT(%Y,Z) (13) 7g aPxIKAG wHEIAKIG EIK8- [9] = bilinear interpolation | vac Kai dtypappiKi) napeyBoAr Tou Tévou Tou yxpiZou yia THY E- != round(g(1:3)) navacicraon TG TEAIKAG sIKo- vac, Thy opSopwrtoypagia. 602.3 To npoypappa ‘di_ortho’ ‘Odo! oF adydpiByO! nou avanriyx@nKav via THY RapAaywYA WNeIaKi}G opBO- aroypagiag cuyKevrpavovrai ce pia PopHiC, Yio HeyaNUTEpN Ae!TOUP- yixémnTa. © Bacikés ardxog TOU naKéroU auTOU eivai va SieUKOAVE! Tov Xpfiorn, Gore va exrehei TA¢ avaykaies evépyeies ya Thy napayeyi T< ‘opeoparoypapiac Kai napadhnha va KaTavoei thy ouvéxeia Tg WeBd5OU uéxpl 70 TAKE npoidv. Mapakérw napoURdcera! avaAuTIKa 1 KOBE EvTOAA, TOU npoypayyaros “di_ortho’. To npéypaupa éxei Tn SuvardrnTa va eiod- Yel EIKAVEC GE popLLAT .bmp, .tf, .gif, «199 KaBKAG Kai, draws Abn avapepEn- xe, apxeia ASCII (txt), yia TAY e1caywyh oToIxXelwv nou éival anapaitnra yia Thy Aerroupyia Tou npoypauyaros (SeSoLéva eowrepiKOU Kal ekwaTEpI- Kol npocavaroAlopou, yewdamixés ouvreraynéves XYZ yia Thy Suloupyia ‘Tou wngiaKou yovréAou e5apouc). camere_pformetin no process.mage XVZ_rfometon OUT otho hep Exthya 2.14. NAnrpodoysavrac To évoua TOU npoypayyarog oro command window Tou Matlab evepyonoietrat 70 “di_ortho’ a1 eypaviterai n pépua Tou Ex. 2.14. ‘Ona avawépOnke ora nponyouueva, To Npdypayya Bev eivai auTévoLO ‘AAA Aetroupyei uéoa oro nepiBSAAov Tou Matlab, Gore va undpxe! n Suva~ Tomra 0 xpioTNs va UEAETa TOUS K@BIKEG THE KOBE EvTOAMG, va eneuBaivel Bivovrag evaNAarikés AUEIG, "va KaTavoe Kai va avanTUoge! ToUG ‘adyopi8youc. AuTi n gopua elvai To BaIKd wevou TOU NpoypsULATOG Kal nepiAayBaver é&} evroAéc, H npdotn evrohi camera_information apopa Thy a1caywy'} TeV GTOIXEiwy TOU EOWTEPIKOU NPOGAVATOAOHOL Kai TOV axpiviKd eraoxnyaTiopd. Me apiorepé click Tou novriKiod oe auTfiv, euipavizerat To napdBupo via Thy elcayayi} TeV oroIXElwv TOU EowrEpIKOY NpocavaTON ‘uot, Ta ekovoor|yara Kal TAS NapayETpOUG k; Yia Thy 5i6pEwan Ts aKTI- vixiig Siaarpopiig (ZX. 2.15). ‘camera formation put process tage XYZ_rform PEI) Hever mecteen + ee ee aren Paes ae Zaha 2.15. H eloaywyh dkwy tev napandve oToixei@v unopel va npayyaTonoindel HE 61T ‘su0 TpdNOUS, A ypantésc oro napdBupe diaAdyou #h and apxeio (ZX. 2.16). process imane X2_formetion DLT otha | heb Zxhua 2.16. Me opicrepé click Tou novrikiod Thy evToAr “write.....” eypavigerar To na- b0up0 SiakSyou via Thy e1cayeryi oTorXeiwy (BA. Zx 2.17). K | Cored ‘Exhya 2.17. Me apiorepé click Tou novrikiou ony evroh} “measure_points” (Ex. 2.18) eupavigerar napaBupo yia THV e1oaywyh Tov napaTnPhoEwV TwY EIKOVOOT- jidrav and apxeio. To npdypayua nopéxei m SuvaTorTa va weTpnBouy Ta ‘xovootiyara aneuGeiag Kara Thy AerToupyia Tou (evroAi “mark_points”). Extwa 2.18. EniAgyovrag ty oxéneuon Tov eikovoonpdrey npéne! va diakéEouye Tv ‘fixéva nou Ba xpnajonoindei. H oKénEUGN TwV EIKOvOoNATwY NpayLaTO~ noieirar oro napdupo Tou Ex. 2.19, uvardtara nou napéxerai ve éva and Ta epyadeia tou Matlab: To control point selection tool. To eiovéxrnjia Tou Epyadeiou auto ivai nag dev Exel Ty ikavérnTa va avoigel EuKévEs Heya ou peyéBous. Pia KaBe oxéneuon eivai anapairnro va yive! ka! éva apiore- 8 click oro 8ei6 jabpo napdBupe via va anoBNKeuTOUY o1 cuvrerayyévEes Tou onpéiou. pou oAoKAnpwBobv o1 axoneiaEic, and To file entAgyeral save kai oro na- pa8upo nou Eupavizerai TosKGpoupe LéVO THY eniAoyh “input points of va- lid pairs” (2x. 2.20). 62Er nepinrwon nou dev avoiget To npsypayua Thy exKbva Adyw HeyeBoUG, ‘Tore Ue THY evtoAA “load_image” (2x. 2.21) entAéyoupe Ty ekSva NpOG nefepyacia. Me mv evrohi} “affine_transformation” (5x. 2.21) npayyaronoieirat o agi- vik6s HETAOXN}aTIOHSG Kal jE Thy EVTOAA “save_affine_results” anoenKeu- oval ae apxeio ms Hopgric ASCII Ta anoreAtoyara TOU apiviKOU HETaOXN- uarioyod (ZX. 2.22), we Tous ouvTeAgoTés TOU onoioy Ba yETaoXNHATI- orobv 01 eikovoouvreraypeves oe Guvrerayneves pixel TNS WNgIAKAG EIKO- vag Kara Thy enavacioTadh ™m<. Input Det: JF Lock ratio (58% Shee i Zeta 2.19. FF Insutpoints of valid pats} froput points [i sneeptriesclicpa pees pore Fonkiaeoth atone: Foerd —— [ae] eat Seiwa 2.20. [comera-rforaton oUt 9 menare ports} fiom tressformation save. sfne rel Extiwa 2.21. 63 g2est a3B5°sm SebTepn evroAA “input” rou Baoikod wevou (ZX. 2.23) divovrai dda Ta yndAoina ororxeia nou Gnarrouwrai yia Thy NapaywyA TS wnIaKiI¢ opeC- utoypawiac: To pédo UWoHETPO TNS NEPIOXAG, 0 EEWTEpIKdG NPocavaTOA~ ‘Buc, TO UeyeBos, Tn eSapoyNGIBAG Kai To Biya TOU KawaRoU TOU Wg ‘Kol HovTéAou EdapouG, 0 eEwrepikds npocavaroNoyds Tg eikBvaG, SnwG KAI O EOWTEpIKAG, E105- vera! ypanriic f and apyeio. Ernv nepinrwon nou To yypiaKd Hovrédo €- Bamous Sev KaAUNTE! GAN THY aneIKoviCopEvN NEpioxt}, ENIAEyounE Ta dpi ‘mG NEpIOX!Ag dou pac evbra~pépe va SqwioupynGei n opSopwroypagia, e- vepyonoi@vrac THY EvToAl “limits” (Ex. 2.23, 2.24). ‘foxtoEreepyoda Wop TecioM Bato laf'ine transformation Results: lan = 79. 528972 je: Zo: 23tSea laa 5 iss 36 Tle romnmne ee ee nctien qT “Zmean’, ewpavitera: ro ign paca napé@upo diaAédyou de&d, nou a- — Zmean 0 nes ‘obyoULe To yé9O UWéyerpo TOU round pt 5 ‘ i yn@roxod povréAou E5d@ouc. on Exipa 2.23. Nea Ero napéupo ‘lmits’ exadyoune ro ixpsrepo X Ka! 10 peyaNUrEpo Y, nou eivai kai To enévas aproveps on uusio rng opSaxpasroypapiag ériax, Ka! 10 péyioTo X Kar To eAixraTo Y, ou ivat 70 Kéres SEB eDoc THC 0p- Sopwrroypagiac. Aur} Aomnéy eivar ‘kai 1) nepI0xh 76 opBowasTOYpA~ oia«. 2atiwa 2.24. Em ouvéxeia (ZX. 2.25) opiZerai To ueyeBog Tou pixel me opSopwroypa~ lag Kar To Biya Tou KavvaBoU TOU ynNpIaKo’ HovTEAoU Edspous. ADOU o- plorei To TeAeuralo, avolyel auéows To napaBupe diaAdyou yia Thv Eloayw- Yi Tou apyeiou ue Ta onyela X,¥,2 via my Snuioupyia Tou ynpIaKo yov- 64TEAoU £d4¢poUG (apxelo ASCII). BEEN) sporep 0 o9- By zO payee SO ee el onl Phores rou onl KavvdBou DTM. Exipa 2.25. KaBiig n Siabikaoia napayeviig Te wnpIaKic opBopTovPApiag Elva! xPO- voBépa, 6¢ npénei va eiyacTe GnoAUTio< Giyoupo! niwc 6Aa Ta aToIXeIa nou 868nkav Eivai oword. Pia évav piKpd EAEyxo uNdPxoUV duo NEpiNT@dEIG : «© EAeyxog rev oroixeicev Tou eowrEpiKoU Kol EEwTEpIKO Npo- oavarohopod, Tav eixovoonydTéav Kar Te anoreAcoudTav Tav ouvreseorév Tou apIviKOU peTaoxnHaTIOLOU. © Eheyxog TM¢ Snutoupyiag Tou ynglaxou povrélou ESdpous. © npsiros éevxo6 ynopel vo npayHeronainge! avoiyovras ng weroBAnrés nou BploKovral oro “workspace” Tou Matlab Kai 0 SeuTepoc and Thy evroh ou Backol evod *XYZ_information” we eniAoyr) & 16 TE EvTOAAG *DTM_show" (Sia 2.26). X¢2_pfometion OLT_ot = X¥2Jofomation DTM show save XY2_yesuts 2945x2055 ALSe00 double | seal ‘Apsarepé ro “workspace”, toa ai) andite nou anoGnxevovrar oF 19 160, dove berophqrés Kar endves 1 evrodj ya Tov éAeyxo rou OTM. Exhpa 2.26. Kara tay extéAeon TM¢ evronig “DTM_show” eupavizera To napaxérw no- Enihéyovrag rv evrons “surface” ‘upavigero1 To npoortnKé Tou bm. 65 Less SHeauwee SeExthwa 2.28. Mpoonnxé DTM yia mv napaywyr} 7I¢ opoparoypaciac. ‘pod éxouv yiver 01 édeyxo1, Oa npéne! va yvapite! Kaveis Tov ehelBepo y@po oTov oKAnpé BioKo Tou unNoAoyIOTH yia TAY anoBAKEUON ™¢ opBO- uroypapiac, O unoAoyiouds pnopel va vive! we akohoUBws: oTO NapaBu- 0 “workspace” Tou Matlab napampoivrai o1 BiaoTdceiG TOU niivaKa "OR- THO", nou eivai 0 Kevég nivaag Tn< op8opwroypagiac, ‘EoTw 671 auTéc, Ei- yai 1200x1800, dpa To péyeBoc Tn¢ eiKévac Ba eivai 1200x1800xibyte 2.160.000 bytes, SnAadth 2.2 MB. AV n apxiki eiKéva eival Eyxpioyn TeTE a eivai 1200x1800x3x1byte = 6.480.000 bytes, SnAabi| 6.5 MB. Edv u- ndpyer 0 edeuBepog xdPOG oro SioKo, uNopel nAgov va apxice! n SiadiKkaoia napaywyiig mg epSoparoypagias. Erov unoAoyion nou xenayonormenKe, aun SiapKei and 1 éw¢ 2 pes, avdAoya He To yEyEBOg TMG apyIKiAG eIkd- vag Kai Tn ZATOULEVN aKpiBeia Gro TAKS npoidv (EyEBOr edapoyNgidac). Napdderypa epappoyris * + mkAiyaKa Tn¢ opxixic eKévac eivar 1:1100 © apxini) exxéva ye Siaordoer, apyniKod 36x24 mm? xa avéAu- ‘on odpasang 2000 dpi + anaimnan Tednou npoiévros we groundel = 0.01 m Kar Brivo kavvdfou Bd = 0.05m H/Y PC ye eneEepyaorr} AMD 900 Mhz kar pviiun 320 MB SidpKeia uia dpa rai Béxa Aenré nepinov. Karéniv npayyaronoieirai n enavacoraan tng eKévas (EX. 2.29-2.34). Wm rem Stor nc veo process mage” no my évopén recess mage XYZ ffomaten qq diadxaoiac napaywyiic 7c WnDIaKTIc opBOKTO + process ory yeawiag ("process_gray” yra aonpoyaupes Kar "pro~ process_colur cess_colour” yia éyxpwpec). Ta ororxeia yewavapopéc "ng TEAvRaG eMOvOG ONOBNKELOVTO! WE THY EVTON “save_georeference_results” Zxthya 2.29. 66[tauren ‘aioli yee Tous Widow He BEsGe)s ars |a25. | | Drav ohorAnpael 9 SiadiKa0!0, 10 | anorékeopa nopouadterar ae éva | napéeupo, eves n eméva exer | ano8nxeurei orov i810 péxeho we To ‘apxeia Taw aAyopi@yay Tou “di_ortho", we apxsio ms wopprig (tif) pero évoya ORTHO... | | 2xtipa 2.30. Ta aroxeia yewavapopig m5 ooo a ‘anodnxedovrar oF apxtio .txt, |recutes of geareference : To nolo mepiAguBaver ric gporeres auvrerayyeves Tou xévrpou [ox =30.835640 Tou npdsrou pixel (endvu [Oy 94 7.457567 apiorep ywwvia) Kar; etree pixel : diaardaex rac eM6vaG Dx KO! Dy oF uérpa. Ix = 475215.165537 y ~ 4202674. 745633 Zea 2.31. (| seneeseranamerireree| 44 67Terfomtn oUt + XYZ formation OTM show ‘save _XYZ_reauts fle Edt Yow Incert Tools Window Heb Tédo«, ue mv evrohy) “XYZ information” eupaviterar 70 napa®upo apioTepé, 10 onoio wag iver 79 Suvarémra va quAAeBoupe 3D nAnpopopia ané ra 2D dedouéva ‘ag opBowparroypapiac Ka! 70 DTM. ‘Apioveps click o7a onusia now evOiapépouv Kar “enter” yia mv ‘okoKAvipwon ™¢ diadKacia “X¥Z_information”. xtipa 2.32. Ee nepinrwon emudoyng onpeiay KaTG urhKog Tou dfova XY ue my evroxt “rz information”, ‘paviteran avtioronn rut rou e00qp0UG. Extipa 2.33. Tisza. 4753 A752 47523 750A A7DA 68[cincsslt(‘ lpoines = = 475230.315537 2 475297:815537 4782331415537 = 4202650. 995633, = 4202645: 895623, 4202646; 295633, To opxcio anobrixevong Tw anoreseoyd- Tew ™m¢ EvTOAg "XYZ_information” Elva: ms woper txt Kar neprAuBéver: = 75. 838610 : E = 75:a986s6 +g yewbomés ouvrerayyéves av fz = 75.921715 ‘onueiay nou endéxOnxav (X,Y, 2) ree : +116 nexAwévec anooTéaeK, ueroge inclination distance + Lethe sae iy 5.679789 + 116 opkévres anoordoerc peragi raw 5.614268 Sroboxineiv onuician jorizontal distance + +e slong 9 nerogd rv BoBonaiy 5.e80106 + ar 70 eyBodév me neploxiig now 5.e143a5 nepikdeiouv ra onucio. inclination o/o : 2.057186 O.4lo7a6 j= 780028 sas = Exina 2.34. Le J 4 ‘Era oAoKAnpaveral n Siadixaoia napayeyiig Ts wnepIaKiig opBoqwroypa~ gag (Kat ts SuvarérATag “XYZ_information”) xpnowsono1bvrag Tn oUver- ken OuyypayjiKérnras. Erm auvéxeia 8a napoumacre! n nopaywy we TA ué8080 Tou dyecou ypayyIKo’ HeTaoxnHaTICHOD. Me Thy evepyonoinon mg evtoAic “DLT_ortho” and To Backé yevou Tou “di_ortho” eu@avicerai To napd@upo evrodv Tou Ex. 2.35., Evid ye entho- yi Ing np&tNg evrodfig “DLT” eupavigovrar o1 evToAés TOU Ex. 2.36: mr [aia DLT edt DLT proces 2xtya 2.35. 69 = t o a °TT Heroih “ground pols” eabye 0 XYZ 0 SRE as arooradepdy, n "par_points” ovoiye! epyaheto Tou Matlab “control point selection | "TSB AT-M fool” ro ng noparnproax, rav @wroeraBepiv ‘ pitel (1). Ernv ouvéyers npaywaronorcirar B4.De#ts 9 DLT Kar 10 anoreAéouaré rou anonxeiovrar ye my evroN "save DLT_results” save.SuT.soits 2xfwa 2.36. H endyevn evroni “edit” paiverai oro Zxiwa 2.37. Zrnv npésrn evrohh eupavigerat ro napéeupo “limits area” yia Tov oproyd me nepioxtic ™me opbopuroypapig. Aev sivar anapaimnro va endeyel av Ta SOGEoWO gurooTaBEpS sivar kavaveunuéva o€ 6An Thy eikéva, andre opi- Gerar auréyara 1 nepioxt} ms opBopuroypa~ ‘iag and aurd. Me TV EVTON) “pixel_size” opigerar ro péye6oc rnc edapoynoidas eves Me Ty EvroM} “DTM_cell_size” opitera! 10 Biya rou DTM a1 avéoux, Eupavitera! 70 na- pé®upo yia THY Enidoy'} Tou opxeiou ASCIT ou neprAapBaver Ta X,¥,Z te Mepioxsic yi ‘qv Bnynoupyia Tou wnepiaKo’s wovTéAOU e06~ ‘gous. Exthya 2.37. ‘Axodousel n evroAi| “DLT_process” nou paiverai oro Exfya 2.38, EniAoyth me evrodiic yio mv évapén ™¢ 51051- ooig napaywyic Tm¢ wKpraksiC_opdoga- ae | ovpapiog (°DLT process” yro aonpoyoupec = BCE ka! “DLT_ortho_colour" yra éyxpayes). H es ‘DLT_ortho_colow Tok} "save results_georeference” anodnncie! sve rns oprtreree Ta aToixeia yewavarpopac 7c TEAMTIC EKKOvOG, Zaha 2.38. 2.4 Mapaywyt opeopwtoypagiac aro di_ortho Tia my KaAdTepn Karavénon Tm¢ AeToupYiag Tou di_ortho, Siverar e5d 1a ‘uvonnki| nepiypapi Tev BnydTa nou npéne va akoAoUBnBobv yia THY napayeoyA Tag opBopwroypagiac. Ynev@upizera: nag To di_ortho Aerroupyei oro nepiBdAAov Tou Matlab. Ta | orédia nou npénei va uAonoindouv elval: | 4. Me kik oro “eamera_information” eniAéyerai camera Kol e10d- yovrai Ta Kipla oToIxéia Tou eowreprKoU npocavarohloyou (EVTONA 70interior_orientation), Ta eikovooriyara (evroAf camera_points) kai 01 ngpayerpot Tg akriviKiic Siaorpo@AG (EvroA} distortion). H eigaywyn Tw oToIXeiwv NoU avapépEnKav yiveral eite oro NapdBu- po Siandyou (write) cire and apxeio (import fil Em ouvéxeia, yia TY eloayeeyh Tov napampfcEwy TOV EikovoN- udrwy eniAéyero: measure_points Kai karoniv import file fy oKo- nelovrai Ta exkovochyaTa aneuBeiag HE Thy evroA’} mark_points. Tia KaGe oxénevon sivat anapairnro va vive! Kai éva apicrepé click ‘To BeE 1d apo napaBupo ya va anoénKeuTouY 01 ouvTETayHEvES ‘Tou onpigiou. ANoBnkeUovTa’ cro workspace o1 napaTnpAgEiG TG a- piorepric exévag We Thy entAoyé “input points of valid pairs”. 0 a- ‘iviK6s Yeraaxnjariouds NpayyaTonoteiral pe Tn Bo/|Bel1a MS Evro~ Aig affine_transformation Kai ono8nkeovrai o1 ouvreheoTéc, Ee nepinrwon nou To npoypayya dev avoiger my eikdva Ady ueyé- ®ous, Tore n aur eniAzyera! He Thy evroA} load_image. Me Thv evroA “Input” eicdyovrai To péoo upeHETpO THE NEpIOXAG nou aneixovitera! orn @wToypapia (Zmean), o e&wrepIK’s npooa~ varohioudéc (@xterior_orientation), eiodyovrai Ta épia Tg Nepio~ xhig énou 6a SnuioupynBei n opSopeToypagia (limits), opigerat TO eye0¢ tng eSapoyngidac (ground pixel) aAAd Kai To Br}ua TOU KavvaBou TOU WNGIOKOU HovTédoU eDapouc (DTM). MOU OproTei To Bila, auéouss avolyel To nopéBupe Siarsyou yia Ty e1cayoye) ou apytiou ye ra X, ¥, Z via ty Squioupyia Tou ynpiaKol yovre- hou e58Q0uG, © EdeyXog Twv cToIxelav Tou EowrepiKO’ Ka! EEWTEpIKOU Npocava- TONOYOU, Tov EIKOVOONUETIOV Ka! Tio ONOTEAECHATIV TOU ae Kou yeTaoxnpaTIoLON pnopel va npayHaTonoineE! av avoike! Kaveis ‘rig ueTaBAnTés nou Bpioxovrai ato “workspace” Tou Matlab. © & AeyxoG TOU WN@IAKOU LovrEAoU EdapoUG NpaypaTonoieiral Ye THY evro\t) XYZ_information, agod nptra eniAeyel | exréAeon TOU DTM_show. H nopayayii 11 wnolaKiis opBopuroypacpiag yiveral HE THY EvTo- A} process_image (evroAéc process_gray yia aonpoyaupes €1- KOvEC Kal process_colour ornv nepinTwon Tey éyxpwpiov), H ev- Toh} save_georeference_results ano€nkeve! Ta oroixeia yewa- vapopag 796 TEAIKIg eIxévaG. Tédog, 1 evroh XYZ_information eupavice: To napaBupo He Thy SuvarétaTa oUAAoYHG 3D MAnpopo- piag and 20 SeBopEva (opeopuToypagia) Ka! DTM. H evroA DLT_ortho euipavite: éva véo napééupo, oro onoio yia Tv E100- yoy Tov X,Y,Z Tav puToTaBEpev eniAzyera! N EvroN} ground_points, ev Ue THY EVTOAA par_points yivovtai o| napaTnpiosi¢ Tev qwTooTabe- piv o& pixel Kai om ouvéxeia npayyaronoieira o DLT. ‘Ta anoreAgouara ‘Tou ano8nkevovrar ue THY EvroN} Save_DLT_results. Me ro limits area opizerai n nepioxth tng opSogwToypaciac, HE TO pixel_size To LeyeBoc TNS eBapoynoidac, Ue Thy evrohi DTM_cell_size To frjya Tou DTM. Téhos, yia My napaywyr TS WNpIOKiIG opBemwToYPAgiaG EnIAEyeEral N EvTOA‘, DLT_process (aonpoaupes exévec) 1} DLT_ortho_colour (éyxpwuec). aMe Ty évto\} save_results_ georeference ano@nKevovral Ta cToixeia yewavapopag 7™¢ TEAIKIG EIKOvaS. 72Eqappoyés oro ‘di_ORTHO’ (leeotitaw 3 | 3.1. Epappoyés Tia Tov éAeyxo Tou npoypdyyarog ce npaypariKés uvOrKes éyivav oF ouéves neipaparixés epapyoyéc. O1 epappoyés auTEc, nou napoudid{ovTa! omy ouvéxela, KGAUNTOUV TIC BaciKés nepinTaoes ANwEewv NAnv Sopu@o- pikdbv (aepopwroypagia - eniyerec Afwelc). 3.1 Apxaiké 1ep6 Aibc (A@iiva) (01 erkbvec elval KAjyaKag ~1:1100 Kai 01 AAWelG NpayHaroNoIenkav Tov OxrioBp1o’ Tou 1998 ané tv Ynnpedia Tonoypagicewy Kar daToypay- werpiag Tou Ynoupyeiou MoAmioyou we THY xpron HIKPOU weTEwPoAoyiKOL lunaAoviod. XpnoponoiGnke epacrrexvixi) unxavil Nikon pe SiacTaceIc ap- vamikod 36x24 mm? kal eupuy@vio @aKd eoriaKhg andotaons f= 28mm. H bpaon Tou apynrikol éyive ora 3385dpi. Ztn’ ouyKeKpinevn epappoy!h Tg MTUxIOKI}G Epyadiag xpNoHONOITENKaY TpEIG and Tic BdBeKa purToypa- ies nou undpxouv pe oKoné Thy SquIoupyia evés erTo}Ko0CIKOU. H aknivikth Siaorpopi Tou @paKod eivar et apKerd yeyaAn Kal yia UTS TO Adyo npéne: va AnpBei undwn. And Thy eniAuon TOU @wToTpIYwYIoLOU TOU OuvONKOU LiNAoK EIkévieV GTO Aoyio}IKs BINGO HE auToBaeuovSyNnoN uno~ Aoylomee n axrivixi Siaorpopi Ar (Mavromati et al., 2002). ‘Ero, 1 aKTI- vii SiaorpopA Ar yia KABe aKTiViKA| anéoTaan rand To KEvrpo TOU Gpyn- ‘Tiko’ (To npwrevov onpeio ayvorOnke) paiverai ctov Mivaka 3.1: Tivanag 3.1. Acrivixi) S:aotpopH poxou Nikkor 28 mm Aenvici ondoTG0n fmm 25 5 7.5 10 42.5 15 175 20 ‘Axrivixt 6iaoTpOgH Arya) 75.7 139.5 177.8 188.2 173.0 133.3 62.8 -58.5 Ze auréc Tig TEs Ar Kal r NopEHBARONKaV, HE THY HEBOO Tw EAaxioTeV TeTpay@viov, 01 duvteAcorés key ki, kz, ky TOU NOAU@VOHOU TAG aKTIVIKAG Biaorpopiic, ondre n Adon Bivel: ke = 3.100x107 ky = 1.433104 ky = 2.667107 91x10"? 01 ouvreraypéves Twv dxpiov TG Eikévag @aivovTal orev MivaKa 3.2: asa xy 2 =12 18, 2 “i218 Nivaxag 3.2 - ae Zuvrerayyévec emovoonydrov 4 32-18 Ta anorehouara Tav agiviKéy yeTaoxnaTiopiov eival orov MivaKa 3.3: 75ofa Em. 17 ix. 20 Ene. 22 ‘a 134.792 134.604167 134.458 -0.027778 -0.097222__-0.0555, o 1701.5 1716.750000__1730 Sine read aq 0.041667 _-0.083333 0.041667 — 4! ooynurmeyod 3 -134.083 -134.055556__-134.0277, 2498 2508.5. 2510 (o,_0.757 0.7905 0.7071 Ta oroixeia Tou eowrepiKo Kai EEWTEPIKOU NPOCAVaTOAIGYOU - Ta TEAEU- aia and eniAvon @arorpiyeviouod ~ paivovrar crov NivaKa 3.4 (nAjy Tn ‘axniviKig SiaoTpopG, Ta GAG croixeia Tou EowTEpIKOU npooavarohIoHOu xpnaiyonorj@nkav pe 71g ‘ovopaoniKéc’ nuéc TOUS): aja Ei. 17 1K. 20 En, 22 475251,359 _475234.028 475226.548 Yoim 4202654, 764 4202650.361 4202647.181 Zojm; 103.649 105.675 109.724 mntwanag 34 44g) 2.601 0.643 0.235 acne 5 73.370 495 “1.931 aay ‘kay e&wrepixod Kien 148.165 -158,590 _-162.536 npobdvefoNopod nm 28. 28 28. 1 ouvteraypéves Tou kévrpou Tou pixel TI ndvw apiorepiig ywviag Kal TO GuvoAKd peyeB0¢ (AX, AY) TNG opSopwToypagiac aro édaxpos Paivovrat grov Mivaxa 3.5: afa Em. 17 1K, 20 Et. 22 Xm) _475232.736 475216444 _475206.792 Rivanag, 2.5 Yim) 4202679.966 _4202673.086 4202673.896 rewovaqopd xar bxd0TO0N DXin) 41.865 39.836 42.694 wv opBopuroypapiiv DY) 46.026 47.458 52.599 To peyeBog rng eBapoyngidac via nis TpAIG opBopwroypagies opiornKe, HE Baon Thy KAiuaKa andBoan¢ 1 onvia Eival 1:Ke = 1:100, ce p = 0.01m. To Bia Tou KavvdBou Tou ynpiaKod HovréAou eBapous opiornKE TAY TILA Bdtm = 0.05m. 1 apxiés kar 01 TEAIKEG eikévES NapoUCIaZovTar Grny oUvExela: 76H opoparoypagia 17 omy neproxth nou undpxe: DTM. 7Exxévo 20. H opSo@wroypagia 20 omy neproxr} nou undpxe! DTM. 79“~Téhoc, napouardzeral To TEAKS OpGoPwTOLWOGIKd aNd TIC TPEIG SiaSoxIKES opbopuroypagies. @urouwoaixd wv opSoparroypapiay 17, 20, 22 (OnuoupynOnxe oe npsypaywo Enekepyaciac erKévac). 3.2 ZEA (10 ikpd apxaio @éarpo) Bpioxerai orov Neipaié, ornv nepioxs niow and To ApxaiAoyiKe Mouoeio, Kal xpovoAoysirai and To 200 n.X. H @wToypaqia eivar KAjpaxag ~1:1100 kai f) AAwA RpayyaTonorAnke Tov AeKéuBpIo Tou 2000 and Thy Ynnpedia Tonoypapioewy Kai @wToypayuerpiag Tou Ynoupyeiou NoAmiouou, HE THY XPAON WIKPOU UETE@POAoyIKOU yNdAWION, HE EpacrrExviKih HNXavi Canon kal eupuycovio @paKé eoriaKii¢ anéoraang f= 28 mm (BiacraceiG opynTIKOD 36.4x24.4 mm?). H odpawon Tou apyeTIKOU éyive ova 3385dpI. H aienvic nopansegaon m6, cuycexpénc, uroypagias tival eniong ‘pKerd peyadn (Mavromati et al., 2002) Kai n &6p8won unohoyiornKe an | Tous ouvreAeoréc ke, ki, ke- ky = 2.1168x107 ky = -1.3779x10% 8388x107 01 ouvreraypéves Tav eikovoonyérwy (aKpa TG eiKdvac) eival: 8212.168 12.168 Nivaxas 3.6 Zuvreraypéver exovoonuérev 718.153 -12.168 Evé Ta anoredoyaTa Tou a@iviKoU HeTaoXNHaTIONOL Eival Ta EEG: oa Ene 3 ry 132.870879 a siroess 52, i Zuvreheorés rou a 0.027473 ‘axpivixod peraoxnpanoyos 3: =132.991803 o 1876.5 So 0.790568, Ta oroixeia Tou eowrepiKod Kal eEwrEpiKo NpocavaToAIGHOU (Ta TeAEUTGIC npoékuway ané eniAuon pwTorpryeviopod) eival: 3. Zon 43.976 hivarac 3.8 ee 0.623 Zroxeia eowrepKoy & eEwrEpiKOd 2.604 npooavarodoyou tom 28 (01 ouvteraypévec Tou Kévtpou TOU pixel Ag Ndvw apicrEprig yeoviag Kal To néye@og Tg opBogewroypagiag oro éSapo5 Gaivovral aTov MivaKa 3: ofa Em. 3 Xin ~39.516 a % 33.032 Tewavapopé Kar &xéoro0n Tw iho, __§5.888____ opsowuroypapniv DYen 63.928 To péyeBog tg edapowngidag via Thy opSopwrToypacia opiotKe He Bon ‘Tm KAiyaka ané3oang, 1 oncia eivar 1:100, ws p = 0.01m, eve To Biyua Tou KavvBou Tou ynplaKod HovTéAoU Ed&pouG ENIASXONKE va iva Bdtm = 0.05m. 831 opSoparroypapia Tov Gedrpou avnv nepiext nou undpxe! DTH. 843.3 KEA To avmikcivevo eB frav pia nepioxh orn Kéa, A addKds Tea, To voi nou Bpioxerai vorioavarohiKa Tg ATTIKAG Kal anévavr and TH N. Maxpévnoo. H aepogwroypagia élvai KAiyaKag 1:8000 Kai n AWN NpayHaTonoIeNKE be LeTpATiKh aepogaTounxavi) BiacTooeev apyeTiKo 23x23 cm? Ka! EU- puydvie aKé oraBepdc unxaviig ¢ = 152,52mm. H eikéva elval_oapape~ ‘vn ora 1200dpi (ExoupAiig, 1997). E7n cuyKexpiyévn nepinrwon Sev npay- paTonoiénKe d14p800n Adyw aKTIViKs SlaGTPOpIG TOU PaKOU, apod o1 peg ™g elvar noAd piKpés, (01 ouvreraypéves TeV eikovoondTaay (npwTdKOAAS BaSHovounons) ival: ae more 310 3 0.000. 112.995 TEENS | 4 -0.000 '=113.000 Ta anoreAgouara Tou apivikod yeTaoxnyaTioyoU eivar: asa EiK.685 9, I 44.449, oy -0.097345. ieee 5152.3 EEC Zuvrehearéc Os 0.087349 e 5 (Cas ~44.447 SE ETT a 5134.8 G, 0.5 Ta croiyeia tou eowrepiKod Kar eEwTepiKoU npocavarohioyod (ra TEAEUTaia ‘and eniAuon ceporpiywviouot) eivar ofa Eix.685 | ein =17231.818 Yon =22842.964 201m 1648.16 Mivewog 3.12 —S1den_-0.516452_ Eroxeia cowrepixod & e&urepiKot =2.123614 ‘pooavarohiquod Ks 107.051500 | Tere ° cn ° Com 152.52 To peyeBoc me eBapowndidac yia mv opBoperoypagia opiomKE we Boon Ty kAipaxa andBouns 1:2000 «as p = 0.5m Kai To Bijia TOU KavvaBou TOU | wnpreKod povrékou ed8q0us opie og Bek = 5m. | To wngiaKd povrého ebapous nou diaTierar yia thy cuyKEKpiyévn EMap- uoyt) Sev KaAUnTe! oASKANON THY PurTOYPAgia napA Hove éva ~LEPOG TNS. 86Ze aur’) ™m nepintwon npéne: va SoBouv Ta dpia Tou DTM, dare va npay- aTonoindel n napayays THs wngIaKhs opBogwToypagiag ory avriGToIXN epioxt TS apxiKiig eIkévaG, Ta Opia auTa eivar: ofa E1K.685 Xminn -17300 Ymaxiny =22300 nivaxas 3.13 Xmaxny 16620 Dow paparart Ymninim =22980 ESD 01 ouvreraypéves Tou Kévrpou Tou pixel Tn¢ nave apioTepiig yerviag Kar TO néyeBog rng opBopwrtoypagiag cro ESapo« cival = aja Em.685 Kin =17300, Mivaxas 3.14 Yon =22300, Tewavagop6 kai BxéoTa0n Te 680 opdopuroypapniy ‘AY im 680 Era enéyeva napouardfovrar Téc0 1 apxikt} eikéva, He onHeI@pEvA THY Ne~ PIoXA Tg opBosroypaciag dniag aurr} KaBopionKe and To uNdpXoV DTM, 600 Kat 1) TENKt} opBopwToypagia 1H puroypapia tufwaros rou vaarod ™¢ Kas 87H opSopuroypagia omy avriaronn nepioxt) nou unépxe: DTM. 88Zupnepdopata OdoKAnpavevTag Ty NTUXiaki} Epvacia KaTavOOUUE Nias KUBE TI via va E nrreux@ei xpeid~era! enivove npoondeeies kal uNoWovA, 1 S1adiKaoia Tm¢ anong cnarrei xpévo Kai n yvdon yivera! KThya era and NOAAEG enava- Ajweis. To avrixeiyevo THs opBopiToypagias Kal YEVIKa TNC @uTOYPaHHE- tpiag civai evdiapépov Kar clyoupa noAd HeyaAtTepNg «éKraonG» and Ty &iSaxGeioa UAn oro TEI, nou Spin KaAUWe Eva HEYaAO avTiKEiLEVs THC, rnigrevoupe, oddnAEupA. ‘OGD yia TO avTIKElyevo Tou NpoypayHaTICLON él vai via Ya¢ ia npékAnon, HAG BoAENGE va KaTavohooULE GE BAB0G TH Ao~ yixt} Kai 7m 4é8080 napayaayiic TAs wnepIaKiic opPpwroypagiag - NOAL Ka~ Autepa ané To av eixe npayyaronoindel wa andi EopHOY!} UE EroIHO Ao- Yiouik® of va avrixeiyevo - Tr SnIOUpyia TeV WngIOKdy HovTéAwY edd~ ous, driag eniong Kal Tv auTovonia nou npoawépE!. EB riBeTa! Kai TO E~ padtnua: afiZe1 To kéno va aoxoAnGel Kaveic We TO NPoyPaHGTIOUS Yio Thy eniAuon opiouévev npoBAnuéra 1 eivar npoTiWeTepo va coxoANGel HE 7 anon evdc éroyou EunopiKoU naKérou; ‘Ooo apopd pia ExnaiSeuTiKh Biadikacia n andvenon SéOnKe mio néve, avenipUAaKTa vai, and Thy GAAN epid 6yc9¢ eEapréra: ané To avrikeiievo, adhd Ka! and Tov xpévo nou 8a ‘apiepw6e! yia Thy enrruxnuévn Snuioupyia adyopi8ywv. O npoypayyari- ouds TeAIKa Bev eivai Tb00 SUGKOAN diadiKkagia doo @avravel, GAA nw {6Aa Ta avmikeijeva xperd~erar xpdvoG Kal emipovi, Zuykexpipéva yid THY WNIOK! PwToypaLLETpla, Ta anoTENECHATa eival o'- kovouixérepa, axpiBéorepa Kai TaxUTepa ce oxéon He TIC NaAaIdTEpEG ava~ AoyiKés Kar avadurikés e8650us. 01 180501 nou avantiooovral wéow Tov unoAoyiorixéy oucTnpdrav eival apkerd Biapopenixéc, aAAd n Boon nopo- evel n 61a. Xepic, Syws, mv Unapén evdg uNoAoyioTH Sev Oa eixe npay- haronoin@el n ouyKexpiévn epyaoia, BéBa1a n cuyKeKpiuévn HEBOdoG OTN pier tv avanTukf| Tg Ge 4110 KAne@s Siapoperik’) AoyiKA, aNé eKeivy TOU opBoavaywyéa, apod avagéperal oY yewueTpIKA diSpBwEN KAGE EvdG pixel xapiord, avrigera ye Tm npdrn nou arnpigerai orn SiapopiKi avayw- Ya Tunuérav ‘Ts apxikrig exkévag Bice! evdc HovTEAOU avayAUpoU. Ooov ‘agopd Tous adyopi8yoUs nou avantix8nkav, ornpidovrai om AoyiKi) TOU avoixrol Kib5iKa, éta1 ote 0 xpfjoTNG va KaTavorjoE! THY Siad!Kagia napa- yayris tg WHpIAKi¢ opBopwToyPApiag GAAS KAI va Tov avanTuEEI. To naKéro Tav aayopi@Liav “di_ortho’ aneuBiverar Kupiiag de cnoUsaaTEs Ka! edniZoupe 671 8a @avei xpfau0. And Thy AAAn HEpId, uNdpxoUV neparrép@ Suvardtnrec eEEAIEAG TOU, nou NOAL 6a GEAGHE va Tig NPayHGTonoIf|GoULE ‘a0 dye00 pEAhov, av elxaHE Tov xpdvO. 01 duvarémres e&EAENG nou undpxouy eivai: Auvarérnra eloaywyhg nepicabrepwv format apxeiay eikévag, Auvarérnra va akjonoielra: Kai ynpiaKd HovTéAo eBdpous wopepiig TIN yia weyaAdrepn axpiBela oe e5én Ka! avTIKEieva Ye anéTO- eg weraBodés KAiong. EnéEepyaoia Kai padioverpixih npooapyoyi TeV eIkévav. Anploupyia adyopi@uou yia Thy auTéyaTn npocapHOY TeV eKd~ Vav 08 opBogaTopwanikb. ‘* Anptoupyia adyopl@uou (napa6upo oxediaons) yia tv yngionoin- 89‘On Twv opBopatoypagidy. * Auvarérrra exrehéoiou npoypayparos (executable version) yia ‘axiTepn enefepyacia Twv oroixelwwv, xwpic va efopréra: and T™7 yAdooa npoypayyariqpod.AgkiKé Opwv di_ortho = digital orthorectification = yrypraKt} opBoavayeoyrh Affine transformation = agivixés peTaoxnaTIoHes Area limits = épia nepioxiic Bicubic = 6ieuBiKdg Bilinear = S1ypay yids Camera = unxavi AiwnNs Cell = KeAi, arvio Collinearity = cuyypaypixérnra Digital elevation model (DEM) = wngiaxé povTéAo avayAu@ou Digital terrain model (DTM) = wngiaKd HovTéAo eBaqous Direct linear transformation (DLT) = éyeoos ypanpixés WeTaoxnpaTioyég Exterior = eGwrepixds File = @axehoc, apxeio Ground pixel /"groundel= ebapoyngida Image = aixéva Import = eicaywvi Information = nAnpopopia Interior = eowrepiKéc Interpolation = napeuBoAA Load = poprive Load image = gopribvn eikdva Measure point = naparnpoiuevo onncio / wérpnon onueiou Monoplotting = 3D nAnpomopla ané 20 eixéva Kai DTM Nearest neighbour = nAnoiéorepn yerrviaon eixovowngida enefepyacia éyxpwyng eikévag Process grey = eneEepyaoia conpépaupns exévag Radial distortion = axrivikh S1aoTpO@! paKou Save results = ano@r}Kevon anoreAeouéraov Show = eu@avion Size = uéyeBoc, SidTa0n onBiBAloypagia ASPRS, 1996. Digital Photogrammetry: An Addendum to the Manual of Photogrammetry. ASPRS Editions, Tewpyénoudos A., 1998. YnpraKt OwToypappeTpia. Enoudaorixés Enuexdoeic ZATM EMN. Aspuavng A., 1991. Avadurixth Oatoypayyerpia. Exddoei¢ Zim, Oeooadovikn. International Systemap Corporation (ISM), 1998. Eroixela Wapakiis Ouroypapperpiac. Enoudaorixés Enyieidoeic ZATM EMM. Kappa F., 1998. Farol Meraoxnyaniopol ov PwToypapperpia. Enoudaorixéc EnpeWoeIG EATM EMN. Kasser M., Egels Y., 2002. Digital Photogrammetry. Taylor & Francis. Kraus K., 1993 Kai 1997. Photogrammetry. Volumes 1 and 2, Wichmann Verlag. Novak K., 1992. Rectification of digital imagery. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 58(3), pp. 339- 344, Maune D. F. (ed.), 2001. Digital Elevation Model Technologies and Applications: The DEM Users Manual. ASPRS Editions. Mavromati D., Petsa E., Karras G., 2002. ‘Theoretical and practical aspects of archaeological orthoimaging. International Archives of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 34(B5), pp. 413-418. Mnavréxag I., 1980. Pusroypayperpia. Adtiva. 92Randg M., 1991. Eicaywyt} arn @wroypayperpia. Exddo8IG Ziitn, CeooaAovikn. Nandg M1. Mapaoxaxns I., 1994. Wnepiakoi OpSopeToxdpres Kat MnTpba. Npaxnxd Hyspioac TEE. Niéroa E., 2000. CcpeAdderc Evvores Kar Geyehd3n NpoBAfwara ™< @arroypapperpiag, Enoubaorikés Enjiidoe1G TunyaTos Tonoypawpiag TEI-A Néroa E., 1998. Ynorakt} Pwroypayyerpia. Enoubagrikés Enverdoes Tuhwaros Tonoypawiag TEI-A. ExoupAtig A., 1997. Zuvragy Npoypaupatos Ynpiaxric OpSoparoypagiag oF MepiBaAAov Windows. Ainkoparixi Epyacia TATM/EMN. Theodoropoutou I., 1997. The Influence of the DTM on the Quality of the Orthophoto. M.Sc, Thesis, University College London. Wang Z., 1990. Principles of Photogrammetry. Press of Wuhan Technical University of Surveying & Mapping, China. 93